Curcumin inhibits koi herpesvirus (KHV) replication via Nrf2-Keap1/ARE and NF-κB pathways in ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743229

Yuxiang Ji , Bingli Liu , Aixin Liu , Dehua Kong , Jie Liang , Ziyan Liao , Xiujing Jiang , Xiaoxu Li , Jingxiang Zhou

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Abstract

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is a pathogen causing high contagion rate and elevated mortality in carp in the world. Curcumin has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties in fish species. In this study, its preventive effects against KHV and inhibitory mechanism were investigated in koi carp. On day 3 post intraperitoneal injection with curcumin at a concentration of 0 (control), 20, 40, or 80 μg/g of body weight, the fish was injected with 200 μL KHV at the concentration of TCID50 = 10^–6.75. Enzyme activities in the gill and hepatopancreas were assessed on days 1, 2, and 3 after curcumin injection, and on day 7 following KHV infection. The highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were observed on day 3 after injection with 40 μg/g curcumin (P < 0.05). On day 7 after KHV infection, although all curcumin concentrations showed effectiveness in suppressing KHV replications (P < 0.05), the 40 μg/g treatment resulted in the highest and significant changes in all the parameters measured; in comparison with the positive control (KHV injection only), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in both tissue samples increased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas the activities of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Concurrently, the expressions of Nrf2, Marf, CAT, SOD and HO-1 genes were significantly upregulated in curcumin treatments following the KVH injection, especially in the 40 μg/g treatment. In this treatment, the expressions of genes involving in inflammatory responses (e.g. Keap 1, NF-κB, p65, IL-6 and TNF-α genes) were significantly lower than those in the KHV positive control (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that curcumin could effectively inhibit KHV replications, activate antioxidant functions and alleviate both oxidative and inflammatory stresses via the Nrf 2-Keap1/ARE and NF-κB pathways. As this intervention enhanced the survival of koi carp infected by KHV, curcumin treatment could be an effective strategy to manage this disease in aquaculture.

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姜黄素通过Nrf2-Keap1/ARE和NF-κB途径抑制锦鲤疱疹病毒（KHV）复制

锦鲤疱疹病毒（KHV）是一种在世界鲤鱼中引起高传染率和高死亡率的病原体。姜黄素在鱼类中具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗病毒的特性。本研究对其在锦鲤体内的预防作用和抑制机制进行了研究。腹腔注射浓度分别为0（对照）、20、40、80 μg/g体重的姜黄素后第3天，以TCID50 = 10-6.75的浓度注射200 μL KHV。在姜黄素注射后第1、2、3天和KHV感染后第7天对鳃和肝胰脏酶活性进行评估。注射40 μg/g姜黄素后第3天抗氧化、抗炎作用最强（P < 0.05）。在感染KHV后第7天，虽然所有姜黄素浓度都能有效抑制KHV复制（P < 0.05），但40 μg/g处理对所有参数的影响最大且最显著；与阳性对照（仅注射KHV）相比，两种组织样品的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）均显著升高（P < 0.05），一氧化氮（NO）和丙二醛（MDA）活性显著降低（P < 0.05）。同时，注射KVH后，Nrf2、Marf、CAT、SOD和HO-1基因的表达在姜黄素处理后显著上调，特别是在40 μg/g处理时。在此治疗中，与炎症反应相关的基因（如Keap 1、NF-κB、p65、IL-6和TNF-α基因）的表达明显低于KHV阳性对照组（P < 0.05）。上述结果表明，姜黄素可通过Nrf 2-Keap1/ARE和NF-κB途径有效抑制KHV复制，激活抗氧化功能，减轻氧化应激和炎症应激。该干预措施可提高感染KHV的锦鲤的存活率，因此姜黄素处理可能是控制该病的有效策略。

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来源期刊

Aquaculture 农林科学-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

17.80%

发文量

1246

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Aquaculture is an international journal for the exploration, improvement and management of all freshwater and marine food resources. It publishes novel and innovative research of world-wide interest on farming of aquatic organisms, which includes finfish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants for human consumption. Research on ornamentals is not a focus of the Journal. Aquaculture only publishes papers with a clear relevance to improving aquaculture practices or a potential application.