Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Jack Mackerel Meal Inclusion in Diets Replacing Fish Meal With Combined Tuna By-Product and Corn Gluten Meals on the Growth and Feed Utilization of Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major), and Economic Efficiency","authors":"Jabed Hasan,&nbsp;Sung Hwoan Cho,&nbsp;Hee Sung Kim","doi":"10.1155/anu/4014545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4014545","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of substituting fish meal (FM) with combined tuna by-product meal and corn gluten meal (TC) at substitution levels of 25% and 50%, with or without 24% jack mackerel meal (JMM), on the growth, feed consumption (FC), feed utilization, blood chemistry, biochemical composition, and economic efficiency of red sea bream (<i>Pagrus major</i>). A total of 375 juveniles were allocated to 15, 50-L flow-through tanks (25 fish per tank) to evaluate five experimental diets that were formulated to be isoproteic and isolipidic in a triplicate group. A two-way ANOVA [FM substitution levels (FMSL, 25% and 50%) × JMM inclusion (without and with)] experimental design was implemented. The control diet (Con) was comprised of 60% FM. In the Con diet, 25% and 50% of FM were substituted with TC, without and with JMM inclusion at these levels, designated as the TC25, TC50, TC25J, and TC50J, respectively. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation. The 25%-FM substitution diets resulted in significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.002 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.005, respectively) higher weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than the 50%-FM substitution diets. Furthermore, the low-FM diets with JMM inclusion yielded a significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.015 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.005, respectively) higher WG and SGR than those without JMM inclusion. The TC25J diet led to significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.011) higher WG than the Con and TC50 diets. The 25%-FM substitution diets led to significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.002) higher FC than the 50%-FM substitution diets. However, feed utilization, biological indices, proximate composition, and amino acid profiles of fish were not significantly (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) affected by either FMSL or JMM inclusion. The 25%-FM substitution diets led to significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.048) higher total monounsaturated fatty acid (∑MUFA) in the whole-body fish than the 50%-FM substitution diets. The 25%-FM substitution diets also led to significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.011) higher economic profit index (EPI) than the 50%-FM substitution diets. In conclusion, TC exhibits the potential to replace up to 50% of FM in the diet of red sea bream, regardless of JMM inclusion, without adversely impacting WG, SGR, FC, feed utilization, biological indices, proximate composition, amino acid profile, and economic sustainability. However, the TC25J diet is recommended as the most effective strategy for achieving optimal growth performance and FC and maximum EPI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4014545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Juvenile Penaeus vannamei Fed Diets Containing the Filamentous Fungus, Paecilomyces variotii, Produced From Corn Ethanol Thin Stillage","authors":"Alberto J. P. Nunes,&nbsp;Marcelo Pereira de Aguiar Toledo,&nbsp;Luana Quisini Vivan,&nbsp;Daniele Ferreira Marques,&nbsp;Caio G. D. Gomes","doi":"10.1155/anu/6937869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6937869","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal proteins are emerging ingredients having high potential for use in aquafeeds, yet digestibility and practical inclusion limits remain unclear for marine shrimp. This study evaluated a filamentous fungus (<i>Paecilomyces variotii [PV]</i>) produced from corn ethanol thin stillage as a replacement for salmon by-product meal (SLM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets for juvenile <i>Penaeus vannamei</i>. Five diets were formulated by replacing SLM and PBM with PV (0%–100% replacement; PV from 0% to 22.60% of the diet). After 78 days, shrimp performance was similar across treatments. Survival remained high (95.6 ± 3.4%). Weekly growth averaged 1.04 ± 0.08 g/week, with a gained yield of 1168 ± 92 g/m². Apparent feed intake (AFI) was 14.6 ± 0.6 g/shrimp, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.33 ± 0.09. Final body weight (BW) differed statistically among dietary treatments, with shrimp fed the diet containing 22.60% PV exhibiting a reduction (12.31 ± 1.89 g) compared with 0% PV (12.80 ± 2.02 g). In a digestibility assay (substitution method; 30% test ingredient), ingredient-level crude protein (CP) apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was higher for SLM (72.02 ± 1.96%) than for the PV (62.28 ± 0.48%). Amino acid (AA) digestibility was consistently lower for PV, with marked reductions in methionine (Met) (73.21 ± 1.72% vs. 85.71 ± 1.05%) and lysine (Lys) (86.23 ± 0.66% vs. 89.35 ± 1.10%) compared with SLM. Whole-body proximate composition at harvest was largely unaffected by dietary treatment, whereas nutrient and energy retention differed, with the highest protein retention observed at 75% replacement and reduced lipid and energy retention at 100% replacement. Overall, results indicated that PV can replace up to 75% of SLM and PBM, corresponding to 16.95% dietary inclusion, in diets for <i>P. vannamei</i> without impairing growth performance, whereas complete replacement (22.60% PV) reduces nutrient utilization efficiency and final BW.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6937869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report on Bacillus-Mediated Gonad Growth and Coloration in Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) Using a Plant-Meal Diet","authors":"Alfonso Rodríguez,&nbsp;Jeremie Bauer,&nbsp;Manuel Acosta,&nbsp;Carmen Paniagua-Chávez,&nbsp;Jorge Olmos","doi":"10.1155/anu/7403059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7403059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sea urchin ranching has been proposed as a potential restorative aquaculture activity to manage sea urchins from barrens affecting kelp forests globally. However, the development of sustainable and economically viable formulated feeds for sea urchin ranching is needed. This study evaluates the effect of a plant-based diet and the incorporation of <i>Bacillus</i> probiotics on gonad growth, survival, and gonad coloration in purple sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>). Over 8 weeks, four dietary treatments were assessed: plant-based diet without <i>Bacillus</i> (AFC) and three probiotic-supplemented diets (AFSp0, AFSp1, and AFSp2) incorporating 2 × 10⁹ CFU kg⁻¹ of <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i>, and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>, respectively. Probiotic treatments achieved mean (±SE) gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 15.30 ± 0.76, 16.10 ± 0.65, and 14.30 ± 0.60 for AFSp0, AFSp1, and AFSp2, respectively. In contrast, <i>S. purpuratus</i> in AFC obtained 8.23% ± 0.58% (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Gonad weight increase (GWI) reached 634.10% ± 32.10% in AFSp2 versus 150.00% ± 15.90% in AFC (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.001). Survival rates were higher in probiotic treatments (AFSp0: 81.81% ± 7.87%; AFSp1: 84.84% ± 1.51%; and AFSp2: 92.4% ± 1.51%) compared to AFC (45% ± 2.62%). Low survival in AFC may be related to nondigestible antinutritional factors (ANFs) present in plant ingredients. Finally, spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses suggest the presence of putative 9-cis-echinenone (9CEC) at high concentrations in probiotic treatments. 9CEC concentration was 13.65 μg/g, 20.40 μg/g, and 17.10 μg/g for AFSp0, AFSp1, and AFSp2, respectively, representing increases of 31.88%, 97.10%, and 65.22% relative to the AFC control treatment (10.35 μg/g). These findings suggest that <i>Bacillus</i> strains improve gonad growth, survival, and gonad coloration in <i>S. purpuratus</i> fed a plant-meal diet, potentially through ANFs degradation, nutrients absorption, and carotenoid metabolism enhancement. This research aims to provide practical insights for improving sea urchin ranching while assessing the broader potential of probiotic-enhanced plant-based nutrition in sustainable aquaculture systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7403059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species- and Level-Dependent Modulation of Growth and Skin and Intestinal Mucosal Microbiota in Rainbow Trout Fed Mushroom Stem Meals","authors":"Samira Reinoso,&nbsp;Carl John Saromines,&nbsp;Silvia Torrecillas,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Tello Martín,&nbsp;Margarita Pérez Clavijo,&nbsp;Enric Gisbert","doi":"10.1155/anu/9264855","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/9264855","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mucosal microbiomes play key roles in fish physiology by supporting digestion, nutrient absorption, metabolism, immune modulation, and pathogen defense. This study evaluated the effects of mushroom stem meals from <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (AB) and <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> (PO) as nutritional alternatives to soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance and mucosa-associated microbiota in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). A 60-day feeding trial was conducted with juveniles (22.1 ± 0.3 g) at 16.02 ± 0.19°C using isoproteic (47%) and isolipidic (23%) diets containing 50 or 100 g kg⁻¹ AB or PO meals (AB5, AB10, PO5, and PO10), plus a control (CTRL) diet without mushroom meals. Microbial communities in feed, anterior and posterior intestine (PI), and skin mucus (SK) were analyzed by 16S rRNA (V3–V4) sequencing, and functional pathways were inferred. Growth responses were mushroom meal type- and level-dependent. Fish fed the AB5 diet showed similar growth to the CTRL group (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), while those fed AB10, PO5, and PO10 diets grew 8%, 25%, and 60% less, respectively (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Feed intake (FI) was unaffected by AB meal but reduced by PO5 and PO10 diets (3% and 40%, respectively). AB diets maintained intestinal alpha diversity and community structure, whereas PO diets increased alpha diversity and altered beta diversity, favoring fermentative and opportunistic taxa while reducing beneficial fermenters. <i>Mycoplasma</i> abundance correlated positively with growth performance in both intestinal regions, while <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> abundance and Shannon diversity index correlated negatively in the anterior intestine (AI). Functional predictions showed enrichment of lipid and xenobiotic metabolism pathways in PO10-fed fish, while AB10 enhanced carbohydrate-related functions. SK microbiota diversity remained stable despite compositional shifts, with increases in fermentative taxa and reductions in potential pathogens. Overall, AB meal showed greater compatibility with rainbow trout growth performance, feed efficiency, and gut microbial homeostasis, whereas high PO inclusion impaired growth by reducing FI and inducing marked changes in the gut community structure. These findings suggest that AB meal at low inclusion levels may be used as an alternative to SBM without substantial effects on key performance indicators and gut microbiota in rainbow trout.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-Dependent Efficacy of Lipid Nanoparticles in Improving Glucose Utilization of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Under High-Glucose Conditions","authors":"Kaipeng Zhang,&nbsp;Tengfei Zhu,&nbsp;Yamin Wang,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Shan Xie,&nbsp;Zhenye Lin,&nbsp;Xiaotong Chen,&nbsp;Yingying Yu,&nbsp;Yining Xu","doi":"10.1155/anu/7025461","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/7025461","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Backgrounds&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Largemouth bass (&lt;i&gt;Micropterus salmoides&lt;/i&gt;) is an economically important aquaculture species, but its pronounced intolerance to high-carbohydrate diets often leads to metabolic liver disorders and compromised growth, limiting the practical application of cost-effective high-carbohydrate feeds in aquaculture. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown promise in regulating glucose metabolism in mammals, but their efficacy and size-dependent effects in fish remain unelucidated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;LNPs were evaluated as novel potential additives to enhance the glucose utilization in &lt;i&gt;M. salmoides&lt;/i&gt; under high-glucose (HG) feeding conditions, addressing the issues of glucose intolerance and thereby reducing breeding costs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We constructed LNPs to serve as a feed additive for modulating the glucose metabolism in &lt;i&gt;M. salmoides&lt;/i&gt;. We prepared LNPs with five different particle sizes (60, 125, 150, 175, and 200 nm) by varying the formulation ratio of the preparation. To obtain further results, the regulatory effect of LNPs on glucose metabolism in &lt;i&gt;M. salmoides&lt;/i&gt; was verified through gavage administration. The expression levels of genes associated with glucose metabolism in &lt;i&gt;M. salmoides&lt;/i&gt; were observed following acute (one administration) treatment with HG feeding to investigate the relevance between LNPs and glucose metabolism induced by HG in &lt;i&gt;M. salmoides&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;HG exposure activated the hepatic PI3K/AKT pathway, upregulated the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes (&lt;i&gt;foxo1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;g6pase&lt;/i&gt;), and disrupted the expression of glycogenesis-related genes (&lt;i&gt;gsk3&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;gys1&lt;/i&gt;), leading to impaired glucose metabolism in &lt;i&gt;M. salmoides&lt;/i&gt;—a key pathogenesis of high-carbohydrate-induced metabolic disorders. Notably, LNPs with 150–200 nm sizes specifically upregulated intestinal &lt;i&gt;glut5&lt;/i&gt; mRNA expression (but not &lt;i&gt;glut2&lt;/i&gt;), intestinal GLUT5 is a critical hexose transporter: traditionally recognized for mediating fructose transport, it also facilitates glucose crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier to enter the bloodstream, providing the foundation for subsequent systemic glucose metabolism, and 150 nm LNPs exhibited the most rapid efficacy: they modulated the hyperactivated PI3K/AKT pathway, reversed the abnormal expression of &lt;i&gt;foxo1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;g6pase&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;gsk3&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;gys1&lt;/i&gt; induced by HG, and improved insulin sensitivity by upregulating &lt;i&gt;irs1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;insr","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus salivarius Probiotic Supplementation Modulates Gut Function, Improves Growth, and Meat Quality in Tropical Whiteleg Shrimp","authors":"Farhana Najnine,&nbsp;Xinbo Guo,&nbsp;Junpeng Cai","doi":"10.1155/anu/6285997","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/6285997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Probiotics are increasingly incorporated into shrimp aquaculture, yet the comparative efficacy of single‑strain versus mixed‑strain formulations remains insufficiently defined, particularly in relation to gut microbiome remodeling, intestinal architecture, and proteomic determinants of meat quality. A 90‑day randomized grow‑out trial was conducted under semi‑intensive conditions using <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> fed three diets (triplicate ponds per treatment): basal diet (W), basal diet plus mixed‑strain EM probiotic (T), and basal diet plus <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> GZPH2 (H). Growth performance, survival, intestinal histology, microbiota composition and function (16S/18S rRNA sequencing), and meat quality (4D‑DIA proteomics) were evaluated. Both probiotics improved growth and feed utilization relative to controls, but H consistently outperformed T in survival (83.0% vs. 81.0%), meat yield (6.53% vs. 4.84%), lipid deposition (4.05% vs. 3.39%), and mineral enrichment (Fe, Se; Zn/Cu ratio: 2.27 vs. 1.97). H enhanced microbial α‑diversity and enriched metabolically versatile taxa (<i>Achromobacter</i>, <i>Pedobacter</i>, <i>Photobacterium</i>, and <i>Labrenzia</i>), whereas T produced <i>Bacillus</i>‑dominant communities (~85%) with reduced diversity. Intestinal morphology showed greater absorptive expansion in H (+14.10%) and higher goblet cell density in T (+51.21%). Functional profiling indicated that H activated KEGG pathways related to amino acid transport, nitrogen metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and trace‑mineral transport, supporting enhanced protein turnover, lipid deposition, mineral assimilation, and redox‑homeostasis. In contrast, T favored carbohydrate metabolism and antimicrobial gene expression, promoting competitive exclusion but limiting metabolic versatility. Proteomic analysis identified 183 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, 110 upregulated in H; 73 in T). H upregulated myofibrillar and antioxidant proteins, including myosin heavy chain type 2, hemocyanin, catalase, metallothionein, and selenium‑binding protein, while suppressing proteolytic and glycolytic enzymes, thereby improving texture, oxidative stability, and nutritional value of meat. Collectively, <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> GZPH2 demonstrated superior capacity for metabolic modulation, intestinal remodeling, and proteomic enhancement, highlighting its potential as a targeted probiotic for optimizing shrimp health and meat quality in aquaculture nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Substitution of Soybean Meal With Phaeodactylum tricornutum Meal Improves Growth, Skin Pigmentation, Nutrient Retention, and Lipid Metabolism in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Jiali Qin,&nbsp;Jingjing Tian,&nbsp;Wangbao Gong,&nbsp;Yun Xia,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Zhifei Li,&nbsp;Wenping Xie,&nbsp;Quanfa Zhong,&nbsp;Jun Xie,&nbsp;Guangjun Wang,&nbsp;Hongyan Li","doi":"10.1155/anu/9006952","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/9006952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The search for alternative protein sources to replace soybean meal (SBM) is crucial for the sustainable development of aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of SBM with <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> meal (PTM) on grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) (65.00 ± 0.60 g). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, in which PTM replaced 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SBM protein (denoted as PT0 to PT4). Fish fed diets PT2–PT4 showed significant improvements in specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the PT0 group after the 56-day trial (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). All PTM groups exhibited significantly higher feed efficiency (FE) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Skin pigmentation was markedly improved, with significantly higher redness (<i>a</i> <i> </i>^∗) and yellowness (<i>b</i> <i> </i>^∗) values observed in fish fed PTM-containing diets. Muscle nutritional quality was enhanced, as evidenced by significantly higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the PT3 and PT4 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Notably, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) retention efficiencies were significantly elevated in the PT2–PT4 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), indicating reduced nutrient discharge into the environment. Moreover, whole-body lipid content decreased with increasing graded levels of PTM substitution, and plasma triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in all PTM-supplemented groups. Mechanistically, dietary PTM supplementation upregulated hepatic mRNA expression of lipolytic genes (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [<i>pparα</i>], carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 [<i>cpt1</i>], hormone-sensitive lipase [<i>hsl</i>], and adipose TG lipase [<i>atgl</i>]) and downregulated lipogenic genes (fatty acid synthase [<i>fas</i>], acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha [<i>acc</i>], stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 [<i>scd1</i>], and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 [<i>dgat1</i>]), suggesting transcriptional regulation that enhances lipid catabolism and inhibits lipogenesis. In conclusion, PTM can effectively replace dietary SBM protein while simultaneously improving growth performance, skin quality, and nutrient utilization in grass carp and reducing potential environmental pollution. These findings confirm that PTM is capable of improving nutrient utilization and reducing N/P output. PTM therefore represents a promising alternative protein ingredient for developing eco-friendly aquafeeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148025848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate Protein Enrichment of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae for Diets of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"Seong-Mok Jeong,&nbsp;Byung Hwa Min,&nbsp;Jinho Bae,&nbsp;Mingi Kim,&nbsp;Sang Woo Hur,&nbsp;Kihwan Park,&nbsp;Kang Woong Kim","doi":"10.1155/anu/4780779","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/4780779","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continued growth of the aquaculture industry requires the identification of novel, cost-effective protein sources. In this study, we evaluated the potential of black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) larvae (BSFL) reared on protein-enriched food waste (FW) as an alternative to conventional feed ingredients. In a 12-days rearing trial, 8-day-old BSFL were randomly assigned to three dietary groups: FW alone (CBSFL), FW supplemented with soybean meal (SBM) (SBSFL), or FW supplemented with fish meal (FM) (FBSFL). The larvae were subsequently incorporated into diets for olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>) in an 8-week feeding trial to assess dietary efficacy. Larval growth performance was highest in the CBSFL group (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). However, crude protein content was significantly higher in SBSFL and FBSFL than in CBSFL, confirming that the rearing substrate directly influences larval nutritional composition. In the 8-week feeding trial, inclusion of BSFL derived from CBSFL and SBSFL substrates in olive flounder diets did not significantly affect growth performance compared with the control. However, it significantly increased lauric acid and total saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. These results reveal that BSFL can serve as an effective protein substitute in olive flounder diets, although a trade-off exists between productivity and nutritional enrichment. Future studies should focus on optimising substrates and processing technologies to maintain larval productivity while enhancing the nutritional quality (especially the fatty acid profile) of farmed fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Brewery Waste to Sustainable Aquafeed: Harnessing Nannochloropsis Microalgae for Fishmeal-Free Gilthead Sea Bream Diets","authors":"Fernando Naya-Català,&nbsp;Ricardo Domingo-Bretón,&nbsp;Qinge Ma,&nbsp;Paul George Holhorea,&nbsp;Álvaro Belenguer,&nbsp;Federico Moroni,&nbsp;Josep Calduch-Giner,&nbsp;Alla Silkina,&nbsp;Danny Van Mullem,&nbsp;Ronald Halim,&nbsp;Jaume Pérez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1155/anu/1003936","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/1003936","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microalgae <i>Nannochloropsis oceanica</i> cultivated from brewery waste was considered a sustainable feed ingredient for gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>), evaluating physiological, molecular and microbial responses. Over 96 days, fish were fed four isoproteic and isolipidic diets: a commercial-based diet (D1), and three fishmeal-free diets with increasing <i>Nannochloropsis</i> inclusion levels (0%, D2; 2%, D3; 14%, D4). The D4 diet was additionally supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich algae oil instead of fish oil (FO). Growth performance remained almost equal in fish fed all the fishmeal-free diets with only a slight and final improvement (&lt;4%) in the control D1 fish, although an enhanced expression with a discriminant capacity was reported for hepatic growth-related markers (<i>igf1</i> and <i>ghr1</i>) in D4 fish. Gene expression profiling also revealed a down-regulation of fatty acid synthesis in combination with the up-regulation of tissue lipid-uptake genes, mostly linked to the dietary DHA enrichment. Antioxidant capacity was increased in both D3–D4 fish, suggesting a progressive activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic defences with the dietary microalgae diets (D3–D4). Moreover, intestinal transcriptomic profiling revealed a tightly regulated immune milieu, with coordinated modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways indicative of an immune surveillance state induced by dietary microalgae. Water microbiota also shifted with diet composition, indicating a link between feeding strategy and environmental microbial communities. Taking all together, <i>Nannochloropsis</i> inclusion, particularly when combined with DHA-rich microalgae oil, enhances fish health, immune and antioxidant status and beneficial gut microbiota markers. Altogether makes the circularly-produced <i>Nannochloropsis oceanica</i> a valuable resource for the sustainable development of aquaculture feeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13191778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Carbohydrate Level Diets on Growth Performance and Glycometabolism in Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi) Under Saline-Alkali Stresses","authors":"Yufu Kong,&nbsp;Jinquan Fan,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Erchao Li,&nbsp;Liqiao Chen,&nbsp;Xiaodan Wang","doi":"10.1155/anu/3315751","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3315751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Saline-alkali cultivation is a crucial approach to alleviate the fresh water crisis. However, prolonged saline-alkali stresses might bring adverse effects on fish growth, health, and even death. This study evaluated the effects of different carbohydrate supplementation on growth performance, carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and tissue morphology of mandarin fish (<i>Siniperca chuatsi</i>) under saline-alkali stress. Fish with an initial weight of 31.03 ± 0.12 g, were fed with three carbohydrate levels (8%, 13%, and 18%) in either a freshwater or a saline-alkali water environment (salinity = 6, alkalinity = 0.7 g/L). Results indicated that fish cultured in saline-alkali water performed a higher specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG). In addition, the activities of the glycolysis pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, and gluconeogenesis pathway were enhanced prominently under this stress. The growth performances were also improved significantly by the increased carbohydrate diets. However, the activities of amylase were inhibited with the increased carbohydrate intake, which impeded the process of glycometabolism. In contrast, the pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis pathway responded positively to dietary carbohydrate levels, especially under saline-alkali stresses. Moreover, improving the carbohydrate level appropriately could significantly reduce the accumulation of malondialdehyde, promote the activities of superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity under saline-alkali stress. Furthermore, the expression of insulin receptors showed an ascending tendency in freshwater, while opposite in saline-alkali water with increased carbohydrate intake. In summary, an appropriate saline-alkali environment was more conducive to the growth of mandarin fish. Moreover, 13% carbohydrate diets could enhance its growth performance in saline-alkali environments. It was noteworthy that the effects of insulin on the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism might not be the same as normal conditions during the adaptation process in mandarin fish. The pentose phosphate pathway played a critical part in osmoregulation under saline-alkali stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}