Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Various Natural Diets on Gonad Development, Roe Quality, and Intestinal Microbiota of the Purple Sea Urchin (Heliocidaris crassispina)","authors":"Zhiyuan Wang,&nbsp;Guodong Wang,&nbsp;Hui Ge,&nbsp;Lili Zhang","doi":"10.1155/anu/3196037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/3196037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The study analyzed the impact of different diets on the gonadal development of sea urchin <i>Heliocidaris crassispina</i>. Kelp (<i>Laminaria japonica</i>), corn (<i>Zea mays</i>), carrots (<i>Daucus carota</i>), and sweet potatoes (<i>Ipomaea batatas</i>) were used to continuously feed adults of <i>H. crassispina</i> for 50 days. Results indicated that sea urchins fed with kelp had the highest weight gain rate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), followed by those fed with sweet potato, no significant difference in weight gain rate was observed between other diets and no feeding groups (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05). <i>H. crassispin</i> fed with corn had a significantly enhancing GSI (gonadsomatic index) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), followed by those fed kelp, and no significant difference between the other diet groups, but their weight gain rate was higher than that of the no feeding group (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05). While there was no significant difference in shell diameter and height in any diets (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05). Sweet potatoes and corn significantly improved the redness (a^∗) and yellowness (b^∗) of the gonads (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Kelp group and corn group had excellent performance in amino acid composition, containing higher levels of umami and sweet amino acids than other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Fatty acid analysis showed higher contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (ARA), linolenic acid, and linoleic acid in kelp and corn group. The types of diets significantly affected the microbial diversity of the digestive tract, with kelp enhancing microbial community diversity, and diets of corn and sweet potatoes increasing the abundance of <i>Lactococcus</i>. In conclusion, kelp was an excellent feed for <i>H. crassispina</i>, and corn as a preferred alternative diet not only improved the GSI but also optimized the gonad color and increased the content of amino acids and fatty acids.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/3196037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Replacing Blended Fish Meal With Diverse Animal and Plant Protein Sources and Their Combinations in the Diets on Growth, Feed Availability, Biochemical Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","authors":"Md. Farid Uz Zaman,&nbsp;Sung Hwoan Cho","doi":"10.1155/anu/5625045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5625045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The impacts of replacing diverse animal and plant protein sources, and their combination of fish meal (FM) on growth, feed consumption and utilization, biochemical composition, and blood chemistry of juvenile rockfish (<i>S. schlegelii</i>) were examined. One thousand and eighty juvenile (mean initial weight of 2.5 g) rockfish were assigned to 27 flow-through tanks with a capacity of 250 L each, with 40 fish per tank. Nine isonitrogenous (52.5%) and isolipidic (12.5%) experimental diets were prepared. The control (Con) diet contained 60% FM. In the Con diet, 25% FM protein was substituted with a single protein source of meat meal (MM), chicken by-product meal (CBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), and corn protein concentrate (CPC), as well as the combined MM and CGM, the combined MM and CPC, the combined CBM and CGM, and the combined CBM and CPC, referred to as the MM, CBM, CGM, CPC, CMCG, CMCP, CCCG, and CCCP diets, respectively. Each formulated feed was given to rockfish in triplicate groups and hand-fed twice a day for 12 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR) of rockfish fed the Con diet was considerably (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) greater than that of rockfish fed the MM, CBM, CGM, CPC, CMCP, CCCG, and CCCP diets but not considerably different from that of rockfish fed the CMCG diet. Feed consumption of rockfish was not considerably influenced by dietary treatments. Rockfish fed the Con diet had considerably (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 for both) greater feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio than rockfish fed all other diets, except for the CMCG diet. However, the experimental feeds had no considerable impacts on the biological indices, biochemical composition except for the sum of the <i>n</i>−3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, plasma, and serum parameters of rockfish. In summary, the combined MM and CGM can substitute 25% FM protein in the diet of rockfish without retardation in SGR, feed availability, and blood chemistry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5625045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Branched-Chain Amino Acids Target miR-203a/fosb Axis to Promote Skeletal Muscle Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Xianglin Cao,&nbsp;Han Cui,&nbsp;Xinyu Ji,&nbsp;Yaoyajie Lu,&nbsp;Qiuxia Kang,&nbsp;Ronghua Lu,&nbsp;Yuru Zhang,&nbsp;XinXin Xu,&nbsp;Jianjun Chen","doi":"10.1155/anu/9406490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9406490","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Starvation is an environmental stress that cannot be ignored during the growth of aquatic animals. Amino acid composition and balance can influence the nutritional effects, regulating the anabolic metabolism and energy signaling in the organism. Among these, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are essential amino acids in fish, play vital roles in energy regulation and growth metabolism. In order to observe the recovery effect of BCAAs in sustained duration starvation of common carp, a 4-week starvation period was initiated, followed by a 4-week feeding period with different concentrations of compound BCAAs (leucine:isoleucine:valine = 2:1:1). The detection of skeletal muscle protein deposition, muscle proliferation and differentiation, and indicators related to muscle atrophy at the conclusion of the culture period was conducted. Prior research has demonstrated that microRNA-203a (miR-203a) plays a role in the adaptive regulation of organisms under conditions of energy stress. To further investigate the target-related relationship among BCAAs, miR-203a, and FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (fosb), an in vitro transfection procedure was conducted in conjunction with topical injections of <i>fosb</i> small interfering RNA (siRNA), a miR-203a antagomir, an EEF2K (eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase) inhibitor, and an 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-<i>β</i>-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activator. The findings indicated that BCAAs can effectively mitigate muscle damage resulting from starvation, with the 18 g/kg BCAAs diet group demonstrating the most pronounced recovery effect. At the molecular level, BCAAs can regulate the AMPK (adenosine 5‘-monophosphate [AMP]-activated protein kinase) pathway through the miR-203a-mediated targeting of <i>fosb</i>, thereby facilitating muscle protein deposition and muscle cell regeneration, ultimately mitigating muscle atrophy. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with BCAAs enhances skeletal muscle protein remodeling by regulating miR-203a, which targets <i>fosb</i>. This process promotes the proliferation and differentiation of myoblast, thereby improving the quality of muscle.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9406490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted Role of Probiotics in Enhancing Health and Growth of Aquatic Animals: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Applications in Sustainable Aquaculture—A Review and Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"Madhulika,&nbsp;Soibam Ngasotter,&nbsp;Maibam Malemngamba Meitei,&nbsp;Tao Kara,&nbsp;Martina Meinam,&nbsp;Sanjeev Sharma,&nbsp;Sanjaykumar Karsanbhai Rathod,&nbsp;Sanjenbam Bidyasagar Singh,&nbsp;Soibam Khogen Singh,&nbsp;Raja Aadil Hussain Bhat","doi":"10.1155/anu/5746972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5746972","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Probiotics play a pivotal role in enhancing the health and growth of aquatic animals in aquaculture. These beneficial microorganisms contribute to improved digestion and nutrient absorption by producing digestive enzymes such as amylases, proteases, and lipases, besides providing essential nutrients. By creating a favorable microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), probiotics reduce harmful microorganisms and promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria like <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. This modification of gut microflora leads to more efficient digestion and significantly enhances overall health and growth performance in fish. Additionally, probiotics produce antimicrobial substances, such as bacteriocins and organic acids, which inhibit pathogenic bacteria and bolster disease resistance. They also play a crucial role in improving water quality in aquaculture systems by aiding in the turnover of organic nutrients and reducing toxic substances. Incorporating probiotics into aquaculture practices has demonstrated considerable potential in boosting the productivity and health of aquatic animals, making them an essential component of sustainable aquaculture. This review delves into the multifaceted benefits of probiotics, including enhanced feed utilization, immune responses, and pathogen resistance, and elucidates the mechanisms underlying these effects. Furthermore, it includes a bibliometric analysis of the past 30 years, providing a comprehensive overview of research trends and advancements in this field.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5746972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Melatonin Boosts Reproduction and Growth Performance of Ornamental Fish Giant Danio (Devario aequipinnatus): A Transformative Approach for Scrapping Wild-Caught Fish Business","authors":"Khusbu Samal,&nbsp;Pradyut Biswas,&nbsp;Soibam Khogen Singh,&nbsp;Pronob Das,&nbsp;Reshmi Debbarma,&nbsp;Suparna Deb,&nbsp;Dharmendra Kumar Meena,&nbsp;Simanku Borah","doi":"10.1155/anu/5540109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5540109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The present global trade of endemic ornamental fishes is heavily relied wild-caught species that concerns long-term sustainability. This study examined the effects of dietary melatonin on the reproductive performance and health of <i>Devario aequipinnatus</i> (giant danio). A basal diet of 35% protein (basal diet as control) was supplemented with four different doses of melatonin (2 mg [M1], 10 mg [M2], 50 mg [M3] and 100 mg [M4] per 100 g of feed) given to experimental groups in triplicate. Fish (average weight: 1.13 ± 0.15 g) was stocked in tanks (<i>n</i> = 10) and fed 5% of body weight twice daily. After 60-day feeding, key reproductive metrics such as the gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, egg diameter and histological changes were analysed along with growth and physiological status. The GSI was observed to be better with the increase in dosage and was higher in M3 (3.05 ± 0.03%) (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Histological examination revealed the presence of advanced oocyte stages IV and V in M3, while higher (&gt;50 mg) melatonin levels suppressed the GSI. Egg diameter increased with the dosage of melatonin up to 50 mg/100 g (1.18 ± 0.6 mm). Testicular development was most advanced in 50 mg (M3) dose of melatonin with significant higher appearance of stage II spermatids or spermatozoa. In addition, M3 exhibited markedly elevated levels of vitellogenin (VG) (3.38 ± 0.22 nmol/L) in female fish and testosterone (16.4 ± 1.11 nmol/L) in male fish compared to the control. Broken-line regression analysis indicates that the optimal dose for improved growth performance was identified at 63 mg/100 g of diet. Melatonin supplementation significantly increased (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05) haematological indices such as haematocrit value, leucocyte count, haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) compared to the control, except for the 100 mg group (M4). Although stress markers such as glucose and cortisol were similar to the control, there was a plausible rise in the amount of antioxidant enzyme (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05) in the melatonin groups. Overall findings of the study demonstrate the potential of melatonin improving the reproductive and physiological status of endemic ornamental fish for accelerating the captive breeding programme for sustainable trade.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5540109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Phosphatidylcholine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Fatty Acid Composition, and Lipid Metabolism of Juvenile Eriocheir sinensis-Fed Different Oil Sources","authors":"Zhideng Lin,&nbsp;Xiaodan Wang,&nbsp;Xianyong Bu,&nbsp;Qincheng Huang,&nbsp;Han Wang,&nbsp;Erchao Li,&nbsp;Jianguang Qin,&nbsp;Liqiao Chen","doi":"10.1155/anu/5627355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5627355","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The present study investigates the effects of dietary phosphatidylcholine (PC) deficiency and its addition on growth and physiological and biochemical indicators of juvenile <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> under different oil sources. There were no significant differences in the growth and feed utilization between the vegetable oils and fish oil (FO) groups under PC-devoid conditions. In contrast, the FO and perilla oil (PO) groups showed better growth-promoting effects and higher feed utilization than the safflower oil (SO) and olive oil (OO) groups under 3% PC-added condition. Both dietary PC and oil sources (FO or PO) could inhibit lipid accumulation of the whole crab, and dietary PC also observably facilitated whole-body protein deposition. In addition, dietary FO and PO increased the burden of the antioxidant system and the risk of lipid peroxidation in juvenile <i>E. sinensis</i>. Meanwhile, diets supplemented with PC effectively alleviated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation caused by dietary FO and PO. The composition of fatty acids in muscle and hepatopancreas was positively associated with that in diets. Compared with SO and OO, FO and PO significantly reduced the lipid deposition in the hepatopancreas at 3% PC supplementation, possibly because FO and PO formed new physiological-active PC contained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with dietary PC through activating PC remodeling reaction, and promoting fatty acid utilization, and finally inhibiting the lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas. This study indicates that FO and PO are better lipid sources (LSs) for <i>E. sinensis</i>, providing alternative oil sources in the crab diet in combination with PC supplementation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5627355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crosstalk Between Protein Restriction and Fasting and Its Impacts on Growth, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, Antioxidant Activity, and Relative Genes of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Fatemeh Jahangiri,&nbsp;Ebrahim Sotoudeh,&nbsp;Ahmad Ghasemi,&nbsp;Noah Esmaeili","doi":"10.1155/anu/6398266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6398266","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Feed strategies such as compensatory growth and protein restriction have been applied to optimize growth and feed efficiency in aquatic species. The effects of protein restriction (from 1 to 4 weeks of feeding with dietary 35% protein) and 1 week of fasting on growth, body composition, hemolymph parameters, digestive enzymes, serological enzymes, immune and antioxidant system, and relative gene expressions in whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) (0.30 ± 0.03 g) were investigated. Treatments were experienced in 1 out of 8 weeks of fasting but not in the Control and 35%P groups. Other groups were 7P40 (1-week fasting), 6P40 (1-week feeding dietary 35% protein), 5P40 (2-week feeding with dietary 35% protein), 4P40 (3-week feeding dietary 35% protein), and 3P40 (4-week feeding dietary 35% protein). The results indicated that there was no difference in weight gain among Control (10.22 g), 7P40 (9.37 g), and 6P40 (9.27 g) groups. Feed efficiency in 35%P was significantly lower than in Control. The 5P40, 4P40, 3P40, and 35%P treatments had lower protein and lipid contents in the body, protease, total protein, and cholesterol compared with the Control. Immunity and antioxidant systems were suppressed by the application of fasting and protein restriction simultaneously so that acid phosphatase, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and lysozyme gene in 4P40, 3P40, and 35%P treatments were lower, and also, these groups had higher alanine aminotransferase levels than the Control. In conclusion, this study suggests that applying both protein restriction and fasting impairs the growth and health of whiteleg shrimp, and at least 6 out of 8 weeks, whiteleg shrimp should be fed with a dietary 40% protein.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6398266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Vitamin A on the Growth Performance, Nonspecific Immune Response, Shell Microbiota and Red Spotted Disease Resistance of Juvenile Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius)","authors":"Dan Gou,&nbsp;Rujian Xu,&nbsp;Haijing Liu,&nbsp;Panke Gong,&nbsp;Weixiao Di,&nbsp;Huinan Zuo,&nbsp;Jun Ding,&nbsp;Yaqing Chang,&nbsp;Rantao Zuo","doi":"10.1155/anu/3601517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/3601517","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A 114-day feeding trial was used to investigate the influence of vitamin A (VA) on growth performance, nonspecific immune responses and shell microbiota in juvenile sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i>). Graded levels of VA (0, 4000, 8000, 16,000, 32,000 and 64,000 IU/kg) were added to make six experimental feeds. Each feed was allocated to three parallel tanks of sea urchins (initial weight 0.87 ± 0.05 g and initial test diameter 1.83 ± 0.57 mm). The data revealed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) rose markedly as VA addition level increased from 0 to 4000 IU/kg and then reached a plateau with further increase of dietary VA levels. As VA addition level increased, nonspecific immune response of <i>S. intermedius</i> first increased and then decreased, with those fed diets with relatively higher addition of VA (32,000 IU/kg) exhibiting significantly greater phagocytic activity (PA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, as well as upregulated expression of several immune-related genes such as tumour necrosis factor α (<i>TNF-α</i>), antimicrobial peptides (<i>AMPs</i>), toll-like receptors (<i>TLRs</i>) and lysozyme (<i>LYZ</i>). The abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> increased, but that of Proteobacteria and <i>Leucothrix</i> decreased in the shell of <i>S. intermedius</i> as VA addition level increased. The percentage of sea urchins with severe red spotted disease decreased from 64.44% to13.33% as VA addition level increased to 32,000 IU/kg and subsequently increased to 42.22% with further increase of VA addition level. On the contrary, the percentage of sea urchins with mild red spotted disease increased from13.33% to 55.55% as VA addition level increased to 32,000 IU/kg and subsequently decreased to 31.11% with further increase of VA addition level. These results demonstrated that a low addition level of VA (4000 IU/kg) can help <i>S. intermedius</i> achieve ideal growth performance. However, relatively higher addition levels of VA (32,000 IU/kg) enhanced nonspecific immunity and red spotted disease resistance of <i>S. intermedius</i>, which could be accomplished by promoting immune gene expression and optimizing the shell microbiota composition.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/3601517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplement of Probiotic Enterococcus faecium on Intestinal Microbiota and Barrier Structure, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity of Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis","authors":"Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Lu,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Cuijuan Niu","doi":"10.1155/anu/8066906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8066906","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Enterococcus faecium</i> inhabits animal gastrointestinal tracts and has been demonstrated to benefit livestock and poultry, but its effects on soft-shelled turtles remain unexplored. The present work investigates the effects of probiotic <i>E. faecium</i> on intestinal microbiota and barrier structure, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of the soft-shelled turtle. Twenty-four juvenile <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i> were divided into two groups: control (fed a basal diet) and treatment (fed a diet supplemented with <i>E. faecium</i>, 3.3 × 10⁸ CFU/g feed), over a period of 6 weeks. We found that <i>E. faecium</i> did not promote the growth of turtles at the present feeding level, but the treatment resulted in significant alterations in the intestinal microbial community structure, with increased abundance of <i>Enterococcus</i>, <i>Romboutsia</i>, and <i>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</i>, and a reduction in <i>Aeromonas</i> (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). <i>E. faecium</i> notably enhanced villus height/crypt depth, villus width, and villus density in the intestine. The treatment group exhibited a 1.50-fold increase in goblet cells count and a 1.18-fold higher in the muscular layer thickness compared to the control group. <i>E. faecium</i> also improved the immune function, with an increase in the ratio of plasma neutrophils and lymphocytes to the total number of leukocytes after feeding probiotics, and upregulation of the levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4), lysozyme, interleukin 1<i>β</i> (IL-1<i>β</i>), tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i> (TNF-<i>α</i>), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the intestine, as well as the level of hepatic immunoglobulin M (IgM). Additionally, <i>E. faecium</i> supplementation boosted antioxidant capabilities, including a significant increase in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the intestine and GSH levels in the spleen. Our study demonstrates the beneficial effects of supplemental <i>E. faecium</i> on the intestine and overall health of soft-shelled turtles, particularly in enhancing their immune function and antioxidant capacity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8066906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Performance, Dietary Enzyme Profiling, and Antioxidant-Induced Immunity of Crassostrea belcheri Fed With Microalgal Diet","authors":"Mahima Ranjan Acharjee,&nbsp;Md. Saddam Hossain,&nbsp;Subeda Newase,&nbsp;Trina Das,&nbsp;Mohammad Ekramul Haque,&nbsp;Sifatun Nur,&nbsp;Sadia Afrin,&nbsp;Tashrif Mahmud Minhaz,&nbsp;Helena Khatoon","doi":"10.1155/anu/5513113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5513113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Diseases, overfishing, and habitat loss are constantly reducing oyster populations. Moreover, environmental pollution and natural disasters also hinder offshore shellfish cultivation. Therefore, filter-feeding bivalves could be cultivated on land-based system to maintain the culture condition and secure food safety. Four different diets including <i>Chaetoceros gracilis</i> (CG), <i>Tetraselmis chuii</i> (TC), mixture of CG and TC (CG/TC), and fresh seawater without feed (Con) were trialed for <i>Crassostrea belcheri</i> spat in this research. After 35 days of culture, the highest survival rate (SR), volume, and weight increment (WI) of oyster and improved water quality appeared in CG/TC. In the same manner, CG/TC diet exhibited greater lipase (LPS), pepsin (PES), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) activity. Conversely, amylase (AMS), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dimutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lysozymes (LZMs) activities were substantially higher in CG diet compared to TC, CG/TC, and Con. No significant differences were observed among CG, TC, and CG/TC for antioxidant capacity (AOC). In this investigation, mixed algal diet had excellent results for the growth and development of oyster, whereas unialgal diet improved immunity and AOC to survive in unfavorable conditions. This observation help elucidates the knowledge on microalgal diet influenced immune modulation and health of marine bivalves in the scenario of land-based farming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5513113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}