Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable Fishmeal Alternatives: Impact of Partially Defatted Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Meal on Growth and Health of Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi)","authors":"Luke Pilmer,&nbsp;Lindsey Woolley,&nbsp;Alan Lymbery,&nbsp;Michael Salini,&nbsp;Chinh Dam,&nbsp;Md Javed Foysal,&nbsp;Gavin Partridge","doi":"10.1155/anu/1804215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/1804215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Reducing fishmeal (FM) in aquaculture diets is essential for improving sustainability and reducing reliance on marine resources. Black soldier fly (BSF; <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) larvae meal is a promising alternative protein source. This study evaluated the effects of replacing FM with BSF meal on the growth and health of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (YTK) (<i>Seriola lalandi</i>, initial weight ~22 g). Fish were reared in 24 tanks (three replicates per treatment) and fed for 33 days under controlled conditions. Eight diets were tested: a control (40% FM) and seven diets with BSF meal replacing FM at 25%, 50%, or 75%, with or without garlic and tuna hydrolysate additives. Fish fed 25% and 50% BSF diets showed growth and feed conversion comparable to the control, while 75% BSF significantly reduced growth due to decreased feed intake. Additives did not improve feed intake. Histological analysis indicated good gut health and nutrient absorption. Serum cholesterol decreased with BSF inclusion, and urea levels varied. No significant changes in gene expression were observed in the gut, liver, or brain. Microbiome analysis showed increased diversity and compositional shifts at higher BSF levels. These results support the use of BSF meal as a sustainable FM replacement at moderate inclusion levels, with further research needed to address palatability at higher levels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/1804215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Astaxanthin on Growth, Coloration, Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity in Macrobrachium Rosenbergii","authors":"Huarong Li,&nbsp;Lingyun Yu,&nbsp;Jie Wei,&nbsp;Bai Liufu,&nbsp;Qiyao Su,&nbsp;Kunhao Hong,&nbsp;Qiaoyan Zhou,&nbsp;Huaping Zhu,&nbsp;Yakun Wang","doi":"10.1155/anu/8865839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8865839","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study investigated the effects of astaxanthin (Ax) on the growth, body color, and immunity of <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>. Four different concentrations of Ax (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg⁻¹) were supplemented in the basal diet to assess their impact on the growth, coloration, immunity, and antioxidant capacity in <i>M. rosenbergii</i>. After 10 and 20 weeks of feeding, compared to the control group, the addition of 100 mg kg⁻¹ of Ax significantly increased the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and shortened the molting cycle (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Addition of Ax increased the redness (<span></span><math></math> value) and yellowness (<span></span><math></math> value) of live and cooked <i>M. rosenbergii</i> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and the muscle Ax content increased as the amount of added Ax increased. The enzyme activity results showed that after 20 weeks of feeding, the inclusion of 200 mg kg⁻¹ of Ax significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in <i>M. rosenbergii</i> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and significantly decreased the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with control group, the addition of 100 mg kg⁻¹ of Ax significantly increased the expression levels of genes related to immunity and antioxidant activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the expression levels of molting-related genes (ecdysteroid receptor (<i>EcR</i>) and retinoid X receptor (<i>RXR</i>)), across the different Ax supplementation levels and molting stages. Considering all factors, the addition of 100 mg kg⁻¹ of Ax to the feed not only improved the growth performance and body color of <i>M. rosenbergii</i> but also enhanced its immune and antioxidant capabilities. This study provides a reference for the application of Ax in crustacean feed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8865839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Fish Oil Replacement With Degossypolized Cottonseed Oil on Growth Performance, Proximate Composition, Lipid Metabolism, and Liver Function of Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Juvenile","authors":"Md. Golam Sajed Riar,&nbsp;Nur A Raushon,&nbsp;Shijie Pan,&nbsp;Jinze Zhang,&nbsp;Chukwuma Kenneth Chibuikem,&nbsp;Yueru Li,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai","doi":"10.1155/anu/4241105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4241105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A 10-week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile large yellow croaker, <i>Larimichthys crocea</i>, to evaluate the effects of degossypolized cottonseed oil (DCSO) as a potential replacement for fish oil (FO). Five isonitrogenous (42% crude protein) and isolipidic (13% crude fat) diets were formulated where DCSO replaced FO at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (DCSO0, DCSO25, DCSO50, DCSO75, and DCSO100) to determine their effects on growth performance, feed utilization and tissue lipid compositions of experimental fish. The initial body weight of the experimental fish was 8.28 ± 0.99 g. Results showed that substituting up to 50% of FO with DCSO does not significantly affect the fish’s survival rate (SR), growth performance, or proximate composition. However, exceeding a 50% replacement significantly decreases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) growth performance and feed efficiency. Additionally, significant increases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) are observed at higher DCSO inclusion levels. Fatty acid analysis shows that DCSO is rich in <i>n</i>-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Still, low in <i>n</i>-3 PUFA alters fatty acid profiles in the liver and muscle, resulting in elevated total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, alongside increased activities of liver enzymes, indicating compromised liver function. While antioxidant enzyme levels remain stable, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels rise, suggesting elevated oxidative stress. Furthermore, lipase activity declines significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) at 50% FO replacement, with upregulated lipid synthesis genes (<i>srebp1</i>, <i>fatp1</i>, <i>fas</i>, and <i>ppar-α</i>) leading to higher lipid accumulation. Inflammatory response gene expression is also significantly affected, showing amplified pro-inflammatory (<i>ifnγ</i>, <i>il-1β</i>, and <i>tnfα</i>) and decreased anti-inflammatory (<i>il-10</i>, <i>arg-1</i>, <i>tgfβ</i>) cytokines at higher DCSO levels. In conclusion, while up to 50% replacement of FO with DCSO is acceptable, surpassing this threshold adversely affects growth, liver function, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses in juvenile large yellow croaker.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4241105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Zinc Altered the Growth, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Immunity of Juvenile Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)","authors":"Hongyan Kou,&nbsp;Dehui Pan,&nbsp;Junru Hu,&nbsp;Xueting Liu,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhao,&nbsp;Guangren Ye,&nbsp;Yutao Miao","doi":"10.1155/anu/5545197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5545197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Zinc (Zn) is a kind of critical mineral element for aquaculture and play an important role in growth performance and immunity. Hence this study was aimed to assess alterations in specific growth rate (SGR), feed utilization, activities of digestive enzymes, serum biochemical indexes, the quantity and expression of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in juvenile soft-shelled turtle, <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>, response to dietary gradient Zn levels. Fish meal-based diets were supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg Zn, the analyzed dietary Zn contents were 35.43, 46.23, 55.38, 66.74, 75.06, and 85.24 mg/kg Zn, respectively. ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O was used as the Zn source. Turtles (weighing ~4 g) were divided into six groups and were stocked for 12 weeks. The results indicated that SGR, pepsin activity in the stomach, intestinal alpha-amylase and lipase activities, total protein content, acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)activities, the contents and mRNA of IgM and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) enhanced with dietary Zn inclusions to 55.38 or 66.74 mg/kg and then diminished with increasing Zn contents. Escalating Zn levels to 66.74 mg/kg lowered the feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, urea nitrogen, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and myeloperoxidases (MPO) activity, beyond which they improved. Insufficient or extra Zn depressed the SGR, reduced the feed utilization and digestive enzyme activities, changed the biochemical indicators, and depressed the immunity. The recommended level of Zn in juvenile <i>P. sinensis</i> is 63.75, 61.25, and 61.20 mg/kg diet, derived from analysis of SGR, serum AST, and ALT activities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5545197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Phospholipids and Their Impact on Crustacean Physiology: Growth, Metabolism, Immunity, and Beyond","authors":"Hrishika Barua,&nbsp;Mahima Ranjan Acharjee,&nbsp;Stephen G. Giteru,&nbsp;Methila Chowdhury,&nbsp;Haizhou Wu,&nbsp;Lokesh Kumar,&nbsp;Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed","doi":"10.1155/anu/8180797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8180797","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Phospholipids (PL) are widely used as aquafeed to enhance aquaculture production, particularly in crustaceans. The most common source of PL for aquaculture is lecithin, which is derived from both animals (e.g., eggs) and plants (e.g., soybeans). Including optimal levels of PL in crustacean diets enhances growth performance, survivability, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism. PL is especially critical for early juveniles, as it supports osmoregulation by elevating Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. Furthermore, PL-enriched diets trigger energy metabolism, enhancing their physiological performance. In reproduction, PL provides energy for lipids mobilization and steroid transformation, improving the process of vitellogenesis in females. However, excessive PL can negatively affect the survival rate (SR), molting frequency (MF), condition factor (CF), and hepatosomatic index (HSI). This comprehensive review explores recent findings on how PL-enriched diets affect crustacean growth, metabolism, immunity, reproduction, gut microbiota, and osmoregulation. It also addresses gaps in our understanding of specific PL dietary needs for optimal crustacean health and productivity, offering evidence-based guidelines for effective PL supplementation in aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8180797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Replacement of Fish Meal With Cottonseed and Blood Meals on Growth, Serum Biochemistry, Body Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity in GIFT Tilapia Juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Xin Liu,&nbsp;Bo Liu,&nbsp;Qunlan Zhou,&nbsp;Cunxin Sun,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Zheng,&nbsp;Bo Liu","doi":"10.1155/anu/5535909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5535909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Nile tilapia of an initial average weight of 36.55 ± 0.15 g were stocked in 15 tanks at 20 fish per tank. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets (31.5% crude protein, 7.45% crude lipid) were formulated to replace 0% (D-0 diet), 25% (D-25 diet), 50% (D-50 diet), 75% (D-75), and 100% (D-100 diet) of fish meal (FM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) and blood meal (BM). After 60 days of rearing experiment, results showed that final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight gain rae (WGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), the whole-body crude proteins and ash content exhibited no significant change at D-25, D-50, and D-75 group (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) compared to the control. FBW, WGR, PER, SGR, crude protein, and ash were significantly lower, while FCR was significantly higher in D-100 compared to control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Serum biochemical activities indicated that albumin (ALB), triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) exhibited no significant change (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) among all treatments. However, glucose (GLU) concentration was significantly increased in the D-50 and D-75 groups compared with the control group. Meanwhile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly lower in the D-100 group, aspartate transaminase (AST) was significantly higher in D-25, D-50, D-75, and D-100 groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in D-75 group, and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) was lower in D-25 compared to the control group. These results suggest that D-75 is the optimal substitution level without adverse effects on GIFT tilapia juveniles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5535909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Different Microalgae Biomass Typologies Used in Rotifers Enrichment for Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae Nutrition","authors":"Daniela T. de Castro,&nbsp;Matthew Castaldi,&nbsp;Gil Martins,&nbsp;Tamára Santos,&nbsp;Hugo Pereira,&nbsp;Patrícia Diogo,&nbsp;João Varela,&nbsp;Paulo J. Gavaia","doi":"10.1155/anu/5351038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5351038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The use of enriched rotifers with industrially produced microalgae represents a valuable tool for the enhancement of zebrafish larval nutrition and increased biological performance. Currently, a monoculture of microalgal species (<i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp.) in form of liquid paste is routinely used for rotifers enrichment for zebrafish larvae feeding; however, the most adequate typology (i.e., paste or freeze-dried) of the industrially produced microalgal biomass is still controversial. This work aimed to compare the effects of rotifers enriched with three different industrially produced microalgae species (i.e., <i>Nannochloropsis oceanica</i>, <i>Tetraselmis chui</i>, and <i>Tisochrysis lutea</i>) using paste and freeze-dried powder. Enriched rotifers were provided as feed during larval growth and the impact on growth and survival was evaluated. The use of enriched rotifers with both paste or freeze-dried microalgae improved growth compared to larvae fed exclusively with commercial microdiet. Larvae fed rotifers enriched with <i>N. oceanica</i> and <i>T. chui</i> attained higher weight and length both at 15 and 30 days postfertilization (dpf), while the use of microalgae in paste contributed to greater larvae lengths when compared to freeze-dried. The experimental results in this study revealed that <i>N. oceanica</i> and <i>T. chui</i> in paste are the most suitable microalgae forms to be used in zebrafish larvae nutrition and in the improvement of enrichment methodologies for rotifers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5351038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methionine Promoted the Growth of Golden Pompano by Activating Intestinal Transport and TOR Signaling Pathway","authors":"Zhikang Song,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhou,&nbsp;Yingtao Li,&nbsp;Zhiwen Chen,&nbsp;Xingyuan Liu,&nbsp;Xinting Liu,&nbsp;Zhenzhu Sun,&nbsp;Chaoxia Ye","doi":"10.1155/anu/8592097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8592097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This experiment aimed to study the effects of methionine (Met) on growth performance, intestinal structure and transport, Met metabolism, and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in golden pompano (<i>Trachinotus ovatus</i>). Fish (9.12 ± 0.03 g) were fed with six diets with 0.79%, 0.90%, 1.01%, 1.12%, 1.23%, and 1.34% DL-Met for 8 weeks. Our study showed that Met supplementation significantly increased fish growth, villus length, crypt depth, and the mRNA levels of intestinal amino acid transporters including asc-type amino acid transporter 1 (<i>asc-1</i>), sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B (<i>asct2</i>), and cationic amino acid transporter1 (<i>cat1</i>) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Liver histological analysis revealed that Met addition improved cell swelling, nuclear migration, and hepatic vacuolation. Appropriate Met supplementation significantly increased mRNA level of key genes (methionine adenosyl transferase [<i>mat</i>], cystathionine beta-synthase [<i>cbs</i>], cystathionine γ-lyase [<i>cse</i>], and cysteine dioxygenase [<i>cdo</i>]) involved in transmethylation, transsulfuration metabolism, and taurine synthesis pathways. The level of 1.12%–1.23%, 1.12%, and 1.23% Met significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of S-adenosyl methionine/target of rapamycin (<i>samtor</i>), regulatory-associated protein of TOR (<i>raptor</i>), and ribosomal protein s6 (<i>s6</i>), respectively. The protein levels of protein kinase B (AKT), TOR, p-TOR, S6K, p-S6K, and p-S6 increased firstly and then decreased with increasing dietary Met supplementation. In conclusion, Met supplementation may promote growth of golden pompano by improving intestinal structure and amino acid transport, increasing transmethylation and transsulfuration metabolism, and activating TOR signaling pathways through SAMTOR and AKT.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8592097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Dietary Fishmeal Substitution by Full-Fat and Defatted Zophobas morio Larvae Meals on Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata): An Integrative Approach","authors":"Adamantia Asimaki,&nbsp;Pier Psofakis,&nbsp;Elli-Zafeiria Gkalogianni,&nbsp;Aikaterini-Maria Katouni,&nbsp;Panagiotis Berillis,&nbsp;Konstantinos A. Kormas,&nbsp;Christos I. Rumbos,&nbsp;Christos G. Athanassiou,&nbsp;Antigoni Vasilaki,&nbsp;Eleni Fountoulaki,&nbsp;Morgane Henry,&nbsp;Eleni Mente,&nbsp;Enric Gisbert,&nbsp;Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis","doi":"10.1155/anu/8885509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8885509","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study evaluated the dietary fishmeal substitution by full-fat (FF) and defatted (DF) <i>Zophobas morio</i> meals regarding growth, feed efficiency, proximate and fatty acid compositions, digestive enzymes activities, histology and midgut microbiota in gilthead seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>). Juveniles initially weighing 3.4 g were distributed to triplicate groups and fed at satiation six isonitrogenous (8.41%) and isocaloric (21 Mj/kg) diets for 100 days. An insect meal-free diet was the control (CTRL), two diets contained a FF <i>Z. morio</i> meal at 49 g/kg (FF-49) and 97 g/kg (FF-97), and three diets contained a DF <i>Z. morio</i> meal at 58 g/kg (DF-58), 116 g/kg (DF-116) and 174 g/kg (DF-174) at the expense of fishmeal. Neither the form nor the inclusion level of <i>Z. morio</i> meals affected the feed intake of fish denoting a similar acceptability to that of fishmeal. Fish survival, growth and feed efficiency were not impaired by all dietary inclusion levels of <i>Z. morio</i> meals. Proximate composition of fish was altered but without indicating a clear correlation with the form or inclusion level of <i>Z. morio</i>. Increasing inclusions of both forms of <i>Z. morio</i> meals tended to decrease 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 levels in fish tissues. All fish exhibited similar proteolytic enzyme activities, but the increasing inclusions of both insect meal forms led to gradual increases in the lipase and α-amylase activities indicating a compensatory mechanism for lipid and carbohydrate digestion. The use of <i>Z. morio</i> meals led to some mild histomorphological changes in the intestine and liver that were more pronounced in fish fed the FF form at the highest inclusion level. Midgut bacterial communities of the groups were similar and dominated by potentially beneficial members of <i>Saccharimonadales</i> and <i>Rhodobacteraceae</i>, except FF-97 fish that had high abundances of <i>Legionella</i>- and <i>Pandoraea</i>-like bacteria. To conclude, <i>Z. morio</i> meal, either FF or DF, is a suitable insect protein for fishmeal substitution towards more sustainable aquafeeds for <i>S. aurata</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8885509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mangrove (Avicennia marina) Leaf Aqueous Extract on Growth, Immunity, and Hypoxia Tolerance in Gray Mullet (Liza ramada)","authors":"Mohammed F. El Basuini,&nbsp;Esraa Roshdi,&nbsp;Tamer El-Sayed Ali,&nbsp;Salma M. Zeid,&nbsp;Ali A. Soliman,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. Gewaily,&nbsp;Islam I. Teiba,&nbsp;Mayada Alhoshy,&nbsp;Emad H. El-Bilawy,&nbsp;Islam Mamdouh,&nbsp;Akram Ismael Shehata","doi":"10.1155/anu/2381301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2381301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study evaluates the influences of dietary mangrove (<i>Avicennia marina</i>) leaf aqueous extract (MLAE) on growth, health, and stress tolerance in <i>Liza ramada</i> over an 84-day feeding assessment. Fish (initial weight: 34.89 ± 0.15 g) were served diets encompassing 0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg/kg MLAE. The 300 mg/kg MLAE group reached the best growth performance compared to other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also the most productive at this level. Polynomial regression identified an optimal MLAE range of 250–275 mg/kg for maximizing growth and feed efficiency. Digestive enzyme potencies (amylase, lipase, and protease) were elevated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the 300 and 400 mg/kg groups. Higher MLAE levels reduced total bacterial count and populations of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Histological analysis showed enhanced intestinal villi structure and immune cell infiltration in MLAE-fed groups. Blood chemistry revealed increased total protein (TP), albumin (AB), and globulin contents and reduced cholesterol in the 200–400 mg/kg groups. MLAE improved hypoxia tolerance, indicated by increased LT50% values, and reduced stress markers (glucose, cortisol) under hypoxia. Immune indicators (lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity [BA], and NBT%) and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) were enhanced, with lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These outcomes suggest that MLAE supplementation enhances growth, health, and stress resilience in gray mullets, offering potential applications for sustainable aquaculture. Further studies should explore the mechanistic pathways underlying these benefits and assess the long-term impacts of MLAE supplementation on fish health and aquaculture productivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2381301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}