Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) Chitin Influences Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Gut Microbiota, and Riboflavin-Related Metabolism in Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Xiaofang Zou,&nbsp;Qiujie Chen,&nbsp;Wei Pu,&nbsp;Jingjing Gao,&nbsp;Yongshou Yang,&nbsp;Xiaowen Long","doi":"10.1155/anu/3097646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/3097646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The American cockroach (<i>Periplaneta americana</i>) is an emerging sustainable source of insect-based chitin, yet its physiological effects and optimal inclusion levels in herbivorous fish diets remain undefined. This study evaluated the dose-dependent effects of dietary <i>P. americana</i> chitin (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) on juvenile grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) over a 63-day trial. Results revealed a distinct biphasic response in growth and nutrient utilization. Fish fed the 5% chitin diet exhibited the highest weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR), coinciding with the highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein (74.34%) compared with the control (72.01%). Conversely, higher inclusion levels (10% and 20%) significantly suppressed growth and reduced protein digestibility. Metagenomic reanalysis showed that the riboflavin-biosynthesis gene ribA (K01497) was significantly reduced at 2.5%–10% dietary chitin (F (4,10) = 7.78, FDR <i>p</i> = 0.041), while the overall riboflavin metabolism pathway, the M00125 biosynthesis module, and intestinal riboflavin levels did not differ significantly among diets. Among the inclusion levels tested, 5% produced the most favorable overall response under the present experimental conditions, balancing improved growth and protein digestibility with the negative responses observed at higher inclusion levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/3097646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Dietary Starch Levels on Growth and Energy Metabolism of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Based on Metabolomic Analysis","authors":"Yanan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaojie Zhou,&nbsp;Sudong Xia,&nbsp;Zhenyan Cheng,&nbsp;Jinwei Gao,&nbsp;Wenli Zhou,&nbsp;Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1155/anu/2505201","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/2505201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Starch is a critical energy source in the nutrition of aquatic animals and significantly influences the physiological and metabolic characteristics of the organism. Therefore, determining an appropriate dietary starch level is of great significance for analyzing the nutritional requirements of <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dietary starch levels on growth and energy metabolism in <i>E. sinensis</i> and to identify an appropriate dietary starch level. A total of 150 healthy <i>E. sinensis</i> with an initial weight of 9.49 ± 0.11 g were selected and divided into five groups with different starch levels: 12%, 17%, 22%, 27%, and 32%. Each group consisted of three biological replicates, with 10 experimental crabs per replicate. After the 60-day feeding trial, samples were collected for the determination of energy metabolism–related enzyme activities and gene expression levels. Targeted metabolomics was employed to measure the content of energy metabolites in the muscle of experimental crabs under different dietary starch levels. The results indicated that the growth performance of <i>E. sinensis</i> varied significantly with different dietary starch levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), exhibiting a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with higher starch levels, with the best growth observed in the group with a starch level of 22%. Regarding energy metabolism, the enzyme activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and others showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with rising dietary starch levels, and the differences in related gene expression levels were significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The expression levels of key genes in the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)–activated protein kinase (<i>AMPK</i>) and target of rapamycin (<i>TOR</i>) pathways also showed significant differences under different starch levels in the feed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Among the 26 energy metabolites obtained by energy metabolomics, 16 metabolites, including flavin mononucleotide (FMN), cyclic AMP (cAMP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), reached their highest levels when the starch level in the feed was 22%. The experimental results preliminarily showed that the growth of <i>E. sinensis</i> was significantly different under different starch levels in the feed, which was speculated to be related to the active regulation of energy metabolism pathways. When the starch level in the feed was 22%, <i>E. sinensis</i> grew better and accumulated more energy metabolites. These findings provide a scientific reference for starch inclusion in diets for <i>E. sinensis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus licheniformis Ameliorate High-Carbohydrate–High-Fat-Induced Glycolipid Disorders in Common Carp in Association With the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Axis","authors":"Peng Pang,&nbsp;Xiao Yan,&nbsp;Xin Long,&nbsp;Jiali Mi,&nbsp;Chaobin Qin,&nbsp;Liping Yang,&nbsp;Guoxing Nie","doi":"10.1155/anu/6145147","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/6145147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-carbohydrate–high-fat (HCHF) diets help reduce feed costs in intensive aquaculture, but they often induce glycolipid metabolic disorders and hepatopancreatic steatosis in farmed fish. Although probiotics have shown promise in ameliorating metabolic disorders, the mechanisms by which they interact with the gut microbiota–bile acid (BA) axis in fish remain poorly understood. In this study, common carp were fed an HCHF diet to establish a glycolipid disorder model, followed by dietary supplementation with <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (LP) and <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> (BL) for 8 weeks. Multiomics approaches, including <i>16S</i> rRNA sequencing, targeted BA metabolomics, and untargeted intestinal metabolomics, were integrated with phenotypic, biochemical, histomorphological, and molecular analyses. HCHF feeding significantly promoted growth but was associated with systemic glycolipid dysfunction. Probiotic supplementation improved glycolipid profiles and antioxidant capacity, alleviated hepatopancreatic lipid accumulation and damage, and activated the hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/small heterodimer partner (SHP) signaling pathway. Both probiotics reshaped the gut microbiota by enriching the fish-specific beneficial bacterium <i>Cetobacterium somerae</i> and taxa with potential bile salt hydrolase activity, while also modulating key intestinal metabolic pathways. Notably, BL exerted a more pronounced regulatory effect on BA profiles. These findings suggest that LP and BL alleviate HCHF-induced glycolipid disorders in common carp, with the gut microbiota–BA axis serving as a potential key regulatory node, providing a theoretical basis for probiotic application in functional aquafeeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Investigation on the Influence of Dietary Soybean Oil Levels in a Soybean Oil-Based Diet on Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio): Insights Regarding Growth, Nutrition, and Physiological, Metabolic, and Transcriptomic Analyses","authors":"Xiangning Chen,&nbsp;Huiqing Li,&nbsp;Letian Qu,&nbsp;Zheqiu Li,&nbsp;Zhiwen Chen,&nbsp;Zikui Yang,&nbsp;Teng Xia,&nbsp;Jianhe Xu,&nbsp;Hanliang Cheng,&nbsp;Qingqing Shi","doi":"10.1155/anu/9199711","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/9199711","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Five isonitrogenous (35%) diets with different lipid contents were prepared by adding 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% soybean oil (SO) as the single lipid source (with groups designated SO0, SO3, SO6, SO9, and SO12, respectively), followed by a 12-week feeding experiment in juvenile gibel carp (<i>Carassius gibelio</i>) (initial weight: 11.76 ± 0.09 g). The final weight (FW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higher in gibel carp fed diets containing 6%–12% SO than those of others (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly reduced in the SO6 group (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Muscle crude fat and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels significantly increased as the dietary SO content increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, muscle crude protein was present in notably higher amounts in fish receiving 6%–9% SO (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-CHO) continuously increased with increasing SO levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Histopathological abnormalities were observed in the local regions of the hepatopancreas after supplementation with 9%–12% SO. Most genes involved in lipid metabolism were upregulated to varying degrees (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) as dietary SO content increased, especially lipogenic genes. About 4481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in the hepatopancreas between the SO12 and SO0 group, primarily linking to metabolism-related pathways, including steroid biosynthesis. Conclusively, the available content of SO as the sole fat source in diets for juvenile gibel carp was found to be 6%–9%, within which the optimal SO inclusion was 6.37% according to FCR–based regression analysis. Excessive supplementation of dietary SO (12% or beyond) could expedite hepatic lipid metabolism, particularly lipogenesis, by stimulating steroidogenesis, thereby evoking fat over-accumulation, lipid metabolism disorders, and other adverse effects in gibel carp. These results provide synthetic data for better understanding the advantages, disadvantages, and relevant mechanisms of SO–based feed for gibel carp and for optimizing SO–based aquafeeds in farmed fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Effects of Dietary Soybean Lecithin With Vitamin C or Inositol on Growth, Gonadal Development, and Intestinal Microbiota in Longsnout Catfish","authors":"Ming-Hua Xie,&nbsp;Yu-Lin Zhou,&nbsp;Min Liu,&nbsp;Zhi Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhen,&nbsp;Jun Tian,&nbsp;Yi Gong,&nbsp;Xiao-Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Dong Han,&nbsp;Li Zhou,&nbsp;Jian-Fang Gui,&nbsp;Zhong-Wei Wang","doi":"10.1155/anu/4061190","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/4061190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the combined effects of soybean lecithin (SL) with vitamin C (VC) or inositol (INO) on growth, gonadal development, and intestinal microbiota, 2-year-old longsnout catfish (<i>Leiocassis longirostris</i>) were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets for 12 weeks, including a control diet, a 4% SL diet, a 4% SL + 0.5% VC (SC) diet, and a 4% SL + 0.5% INO (SI) diet. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant diet × sex interaction for weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In females, the SI group exhibited the highest WGR and SGR, while both the SC and SI groups showed significantly higher WGR and SGR than both the SL and control groups in males (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). All three supplemented groups promoted gonadal development, as reflected by higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) and elevated serum 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. Both SC and SI groups showed significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities and significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and cortisol levels compared with the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Dietary SC enriched potentially beneficial <i>Bacteroides</i> in both sexes. SI enriched potentially beneficial <i>Cetobacterium</i> in males. Furthermore, all three supplemented diets reduced the potentially pathogenic <i>Plesiomonas</i> in females. Gonadal transcriptome analysis suggested that SL combined with VC or INO may modulate pathways such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, estrogen signaling, and histidine metabolism, implying potential roles in gonadal lipid metabolism, chaperone-mediated protection, and immune homeostasis. Overall, SI was most effective in promoting growth in females, whereas both SC and SI were more effective in promoting gonadal maturation, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and improving intestinal microbiota composition. This study provides theoretical guidance for the development of specialized compound feeds during the gonadal development period in longsnout catfish aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Intervention of Zinc on Metabolic Disorders Induced by High-Starch Diets in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides): Insights From Glycogen Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity","authors":"Bo Shi,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Yu,&nbsp;Ziyu Yin,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Jiaming Kang,&nbsp;Baoping Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyong Dong,&nbsp;Xiaofang Liang,&nbsp;Wanjie Cai,&nbsp;Yuexing Zhang","doi":"10.1155/anu/2761195","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/2761195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metabolic disorders induced by high-starch diets are the primary cause limiting the use of carbohydrates in aquafeeds. This study aimed to investigate the intervention effects of zinc on metabolic disorders induced by high-starch diets in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>. Five diets were formulated, including a control diet (115 g kg⁻¹ starch) and three high-starch diets (163 g kg⁻¹ starch) supplemented with 0 (HS-LZn), 20 (HS-MZn) and 150 (HS-HZn) mg kg⁻¹ Zn. After 8 weeks of feeding, intraperitoneal glucose (Glu) tolerance tests (IPGTTs) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests (IPITTs) were conducted to evaluate insulin sensitivity. High-starch diets inhibited feed intake but improved feed utilization. Diet HS-HZn significantly increased Zn content in the hepatopancreas. Zn retention decreased significantly as the dietary Zn supplementation level increased from 0 to 150 mg/kg. High-starch diets significantly improved the retentions of protein and energy. High-starch diets exerted more pronounced effects on glycogen metabolism and glycolysis. Diets HS-LZn and HS-MZn induced severe hepatic glycogen accumulation, concomitant with significant decreases in activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glycogen synthase (GS) kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). Dietary 150 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly decreased hepatic glycogen and increased activities of HK, PFK, citrate synthase (CS), and GAA. High-starch diets did not induce severe lipid metabolic disturbances or obvious fat deposition. The insulin tolerance test revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC) for Glu in the HS-LZn group were significantly higher than the control and HS-HZn groups. Meanwhile, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) level and immunofluorescence intensity were significantly decreased in the HS-LZn group, while zinc improved AKT phosphorylation. Untargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that high-starch diets without zinc supplementation inhibited multiple amino acid metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Starch Supplementation on Muscle Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity, Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Composition of Juvenile Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)","authors":"Tao Yan,&nbsp;Yunyi Xie,&nbsp;Xu Kuang,&nbsp;Tingting Wu,&nbsp;Bo Zhou,&nbsp;Qingzhi Li,&nbsp;Fengqi Zhao,&nbsp;Qiandong Li,&nbsp;Bin He","doi":"10.1155/anu/7850039","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/7850039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The metabolic adaptation of endangered Yangtze sturgeon (<i>Acipenser dabryanus</i>) to dietary carbohydrates remains unclear. This study investigated how graded corn starch levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) affected digestive capacity, immunity performance, nutrient metabolism and muscle quality in juveniles (216.6 ± 10.2 g) during an 8-week trial. Digestive (lipase, amylase) and glycolytic enzymes (GK, HK, G6PDH) activities rose with starch levels, correlating with elevated glycogen storage (muscle: 8.4 mg/g; liver: 24.6 mg/g) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Antioxidant capacity increased at 20%–30% starch (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while 30% starch reduced muscle PUFA content and increased <i>n</i> – 6/<i>n</i> – 3 ratio, elevating atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) indices. Essential amino acid ratios and flavor-enhancing amino acids decreased with starch inclusion, with valine as the first limiting amino acid. These findings demonstrate that 20%–30% starch could enhance metabolic and immune performance but required balancing with lipid deposition and nutritional quality considerations for sustainable Yangtze sturgeon aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Sheep Blood Zymolysate Modulates Gut Barrier Integrity, Microbiota Composition, and Nutritional Metabolism in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Jingjing Bao,&nbsp;Yujun Jiang,&nbsp;Xusheng Hao,&nbsp;Xuelian Feng,&nbsp;Mengyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yina Qiao,&nbsp;Xin Hou,&nbsp;Yilin Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Xu,&nbsp;Yingchun Liu,&nbsp;Yuhong Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Gao","doi":"10.1155/anu/7862053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7862053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable protein sources are pivotal to the green development of aquaculture. As an underutilized abattoir byproduct, sheep blood holds great potential for valorization via enzymatic hydrolysis. This study evaluated the impacts of dietary sheep blood zymolysate (SBZ) supplementation (0.3%, 0.6%, and 1.0% dosages, denoted as TL, TM, and TH groups, respectively) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota of common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>). A total of 240 carp (initial weight: 48.0 ± 0.2 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (three replicates/group and 20 fish/replicate) with a basal diet as control (CON) for an 8-week feeding trial. Results demonstrated that TL and TM groups exhibited significantly higher average daily gain (ADG), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) than the CON group (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.01). The TM group (0.6% SBZ) showed the most prominent benefits: It had elevated whole-body crude protein content (<i>p</i>  = 0.037), serum albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) levels (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.0001 and <i>p</i> = 0.028, respectively), and intestinal villus height (VH) (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.0001), along with upregulated expression of intestinal tight junction genes (<i>ZO-1</i>, <i>Occludin</i>, and <i>Claudin-1</i>) and nutrient transporter genes (excitatory amino acid transporter [<i>EAAT</i>], cationic amino acid transporter [<i>CAT</i>], and peptide transporter 1 [<i>PepT1</i>]) (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.01). Additionally, TH group (1.0% SBZ) increased muscle histidine (His) content, while TM and TH groups enhanced muscle arginine (Arg) levels. At the microbial level, SBZ supplementation significantly enriched the relative abundance of phylum <i>Pseudomonadota</i> and genus <i>Gemmobacter</i> and reshaped the gut microbial community structure. Overall, dietary SBZ supplementation improves carp growth, body protein deposition, intestinal morphology, and barrier integrity and modulates gut microbiota, with 0.6% SBZ being the optimal dosage for integrated performance. This study provides empirical support for the high-value utilization of sheep blood byproducts in sustainable aquafeed formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7862053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Different Fiber Levels Obtained From Tucumã Peel on Zootechnical and Hematological Performance in Juvenile Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)","authors":"Alcilany Nascimento Paiva,&nbsp;Wallice Paxiuba Duncan,&nbsp;Jaime Paiva Lopes Aguiar,&nbsp;Francisca das Chagas do Amaral Souza","doi":"10.1155/anu/1478631","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/1478631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of fiber derived from tucumã peel (<i>Astrocaryum aculeatum</i>) on the zootechnical performance and physiological responses of juvenile tambaqui (<i>Colossoma macropomum</i>). Five approximately isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with increasing levels of tucumã peel (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%). A total of 225 fish were distributed in a completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment. Ten fish per experimental unit were individually identified using microchips to allow accurate monitoring of individual growth while minimizing handling stress. After 45 days, growth performance, hematological parameters, and plasma biochemical indicators were evaluated. Dietary fiber inclusion did not affect growth performance or hematological parameters, which remained within normal physiological ranges. However, increasing fiber levels significantly reduced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, suggesting a modulatory effect on lipid metabolism. The results indicate that tucumã peel can be included as a dietary fiber source for tambaqui without adverse effects on performance under the conditions tested, although further studies are needed to determine optimal inclusion levels and long-term effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Arecoline Supplementation Enhances Flesh Quality, Muscle Growth, and Protein Deposition in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Insights Into TOR and FOXO Signaling Pathways","authors":"Liang-Qin Wu,&nbsp;Na Yao,&nbsp;Wei-Dan Jiang,&nbsp;Pei Wu,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Hong-Yun Zhang,&nbsp;Yao-Bin Ma,&nbsp;Chang-Ran Xu,&nbsp;Qi-Yuan Chen,&nbsp;He-Qun Shi,&nbsp;Xiao-Qiu Zhou,&nbsp;Lin Feng","doi":"10.1155/anu/1084008","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/1084008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arecoline is an alkaloid isolated from the plant betel nut, which exerts a wide range of physiological effects by stimulating muscarinic receptors. To explore the effect of arecoline on the flesh quality of fish, grass carp were fed different levels of arecoline (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg diet) for 63 days. Key findings demonstrated that arecoline significantly alleviated postmortem pH decline, reduced cooking losses, and decreased lactic acid content. It also enhanced the nutritional value of muscle by increasing the content of essential amino acids (EAAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Moreover, it improved muscle flavor characteristics by increasing the content of amino acids associated with umami. Additionally, appropriate levels of arecoline increased muscle fiber diameter, the frequency of fibers with diameters greater than 50 μm, and the mRNA levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). These findings suggest that arecoline promotes muscle growth in grass carp. We further found that dietary arecoline may promote muscle protein deposition through protein synthesis and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). Our findings provide novel evidence that arecoline improves fish flesh quality. These findings offer practical insights for aquaculture nutrition and highlight arecoline’s potential as a functional feed additive.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148824423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}