Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Growth Performance, Dietary Enzyme Profiling, and Antioxidant-Induced Immunity of Crassostrea belcheri Fed With Microalgal Diet","authors":"Mahima Ranjan Acharjee,&nbsp;Md. Saddam Hossain,&nbsp;Subeda Newase,&nbsp;Trina Das,&nbsp;Mohammad Ekramul Haque,&nbsp;Sifatun Nur,&nbsp;Sadia Afrin,&nbsp;Tashrif Mahmud Minhaz,&nbsp;Helena Khatoon","doi":"10.1155/anu/5513113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5513113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Diseases, overfishing, and habitat loss are constantly reducing oyster populations. Moreover, environmental pollution and natural disasters also hinder offshore shellfish cultivation. Therefore, filter-feeding bivalves could be cultivated on land-based system to maintain the culture condition and secure food safety. Four different diets including <i>Chaetoceros gracilis</i> (CG), <i>Tetraselmis chuii</i> (TC), mixture of CG and TC (CG/TC), and fresh seawater without feed (Con) were trialed for <i>Crassostrea belcheri</i> spat in this research. After 35 days of culture, the highest survival rate (SR), volume, and weight increment (WI) of oyster and improved water quality appeared in CG/TC. In the same manner, CG/TC diet exhibited greater lipase (LPS), pepsin (PES), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) activity. Conversely, amylase (AMS), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dimutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lysozymes (LZMs) activities were substantially higher in CG diet compared to TC, CG/TC, and Con. No significant differences were observed among CG, TC, and CG/TC for antioxidant capacity (AOC). In this investigation, mixed algal diet had excellent results for the growth and development of oyster, whereas unialgal diet improved immunity and AOC to survive in unfavorable conditions. This observation help elucidates the knowledge on microalgal diet influenced immune modulation and health of marine bivalves in the scenario of land-based farming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5513113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promoting Effects of Fermented Bile Acid on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Litopenaeus vannamei Through the Modulation of Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota","authors":"Qing Guo,&nbsp;Haili Ma,&nbsp;Lu Zhao,&nbsp;Wenwen Liu,&nbsp;Houfa Zhao,&nbsp;Zuyue Liu,&nbsp;Cuimin Mu,&nbsp;Xuepeng Wang","doi":"10.1155/anu/2064288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2064288","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Two types of bile acids (BAs), named fermented bile acids (FBAs) and 170HDa, were produced by a biological approach to assess their effects on growth performance, metabolism, and intestinal health in white shrimp. In this study, five experimental diets were prepared with varying levels of FBAs (0.02% for A1, 0.03% for A2, 0.04% for A3, 0.05% for A4, and 0.06% for A5) and five diets containing different concentrations of 170HDa (0.02% for B1, 0.03% for B2, 0.04% for B3, 0.05% for B4, and 0.06% for B5). Additionally, positive diets (P) with commercial BAs at a level of 0.04%, along with and negative diet (N) without BA supplementation, were included as controls. FBAs and 170HDa were found to improve the growth performance including final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate and reduce the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in hemolymph. The alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity of hemolymph in shrimp treated with FBAs was generally higher than in groups treated with 170HDa and the control groups. However, the acid phosphatase (ACP) activity of hemolymph in shrimp treated with FBAs showed similar levels to those treated with 170HDa and the control groups. The gene expression levels of antilipopolysaccharride factor (ALF) and proPO were significantly lower in most FBAs and 170HDa-treated groups compared to the control groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the gene expression levels of α2M in hepatopancreas were significantly higher in the 170HDa-treated groups compared to those in the FBAs-treated group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The FBAs and 170HDa significantly enhanced the intestinal health by boosting the proinflammatory capacity and increasing the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, thereby combating pathogenic microorganisms. Notably, there was a significant increase (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, as well as <i>Vibrio</i>, <i>Rhodobacter</i>, and <i>Shewanella</i> at the genus level, respectively. These findings indicate that dietary FBAs and 170HDa have positive effects on growth performance and intestinal health by modulating lipid metabolic profiles, immune responses, the integrity of intestinal wall, and the diversity of intestinal microbes in white shrimp. This study suggests that FBAs and 170HDa could serve as effective dietary supplements to enhance shrimp production and health management in aquaculture, providing a promising strategy for sustainable aquaculture practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2064288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Side-Stream Based Marine Solubles From Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Modulate Appetite and Dietary Nutrient Utilization in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) and can Replace Fish Meal","authors":"Hanne Jorun Sixten,&nbsp;Ivar Rønnestad,&nbsp;André S. Bogevik,&nbsp;Tone Aspevik,&nbsp;Åge Oterhals,&nbsp;Ana S. Gomes,&nbsp;Floriana Lai,&nbsp;Ingvill Tolås,&nbsp;Virginie Gelebard,&nbsp;Marie Hillestad,&nbsp;Katerina Kousoulaki","doi":"10.1155/anu/4872889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4872889","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Whitefish fisheries’ side-stream biomass is an abundant underutilized resource that can be valorized to benefit future aquaculture sustainability. Four novel ingredients based on side-streams from Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) fileting were produced. FM-hb, a fish meal (FM), and FPH-hb, a fish protein hydrolysate based on heads (h) and backbones (b); FM-hbg, a FM based on heads, backbones, and viscera/guts (g); and FPC-g, a fish protein concentrate based on viscera preserved in formic acid. Four diets were prepared containing one of the ingredients replacing 50% of the dietary FM protein, in addition to a positive (FM10) and a negative (FM5) control. The six diets were fed to triplicate tanks with Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> L.; 113 ± 1 g) over 8 weeks. Besides general performance, gut and brain gene expression for selected hormones and key neuropeptides involved in the control of appetite and digestive processes were studied during feeding and postprandial, and possible reference levels for Atlantic salmon were established. All side-stream-added diets performed well, with no significant differences in performance and biometrics between the treatments. Some gene expression differences were observed, but no well-defined patterns emerged supporting clear dietary effects related to digestive performance or appetite. However, in the brain, a short-time upregulation of <i>agouti-related protein-1</i> (<i>agrp1</i>), corresponded to higher cumulative feed intake (FI) for the FM10 diet supporting notions that this may be a candidate biomarker for appetite in salmon. Expression of stomach <i>ghrelin-1</i> (<i>ghrl1</i>) was higher than <i>ghrelin-2</i> (<i>ghrl2</i>) and <i>membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing</i> 4 (<i>mboat4</i>), and midgut <i>peptide YYa-2</i> (<i>pyya2</i>) and <i>glucagon-a</i> (<i>gcga</i>) were higher than <i>peptide YYb-1</i> (<i>pyyb1</i>). A comparison showed that midgut <i>peptide YYa-1</i> (<i>pyya1</i>), <i>pyya2</i>, and <i>gcga</i> expressions were higher than in the hindgut, which is opposite of what is found in mammals. In conclusion, this study shows that sustainable side-stream raw materials with different characteristics can partly replace high-quality commercial FMs giving similar performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4872889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of High Dietary Inclusion of Defatted Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Meal as a Fish Meal Substitute on Growth, Histological Traits, and Health Performances of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Md. Sakhawat Hossain,&nbsp;Ali Hamidoghli,&nbsp;Jeongwhui Hong,&nbsp;Wendy Sealey,&nbsp;Brian C. Small","doi":"10.1155/anu/5568058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5568058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The digestibility of defatted mealworm (DMW, <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) and its substitution for fishmeal (FM) in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) diets was determined. In the first trial, a diet with 40% FM was considered as the control (Diet 1), and four other diets replaced 25% (Diet 2), 50% (Diet 3), 75% (Diet 4), and 100% (Diet 5) of FM with DMW. In the second trial, the in vivo digestibility of DMW was assessed. Results of the first trial showed no significant differences in fish growth and feed utilization performance among dietary groups (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05). Fish fed the highest DMW level showed significantly higher whole-body lipid and energy composition compared to fish fed the control diet. Substitution of FM with DMW did not significantly affect hematological electrolyte, acid–base, and blood gas parameters, except for sodium (Na) concentration. The measured mean score of histopathological features did not show significant degradation of the distal intestine when FM was completely replaced. A significantly lower liver inflammation was observed in fish-fed Diet 3 compared to fish-fed Diet 5. Based on the results of the second experiment, the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, protein, lipid, energy, and phosphorus were 80%, 87%, 100%, 84%, and 90%, respectively, and all essential amino acid digestibility coefficients were &gt;90%. Overall, the highly digestible DMW can fully replace FM in the diet, up to 40% as fed, with little to no impact on the health, growth performance, feed efficiency, and fillet composition. When considering all parameters evaluated, an inclusion level between 20% and 30% (as fed) or 50%–75% of FM replacement was found to yield the best performance and fish health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5568058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Carbohydrate Levels in Diets on Growth Performance and Muscle Nutritive Value of Ying Carp and Scattered-Scaled Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Pengfei Xiao,&nbsp;Yunya Wu,&nbsp;Hang Sha,&nbsp;Xiangzhong Luo,&nbsp;Guiwei Zou,&nbsp;Hongwei Liang","doi":"10.1155/anu/9966429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9966429","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This experiment aimed to assess the dietary adaptation and utilization of high carbohydrate diets to Ying carp and scattered-scaled mirror carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>), focusing on growth performance, muscle nutritive value, and nutrient metabolism. Ying carp (4.5 ± 0.2 g) and scattered-scaled mirror carp (5.01 ± 0.2 g) were fed isonitrogenous diets containing 20%, 30%, and 40% carbohydrates for 8 weeks; the nitrogen content of the three feeds was (5.12% ± 0.03%). After the trail, the final body weight, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate of both carp varieties were analyzed. Results showed that the final body weight, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate of both carp varieties were significantly higher at the 30% carbohydrate level compared to 20% and 40%, indicating improved growth performance (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Crude protein content in whole fish composition was significantly higher at the 30% carbohydrate level compared to the other two levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) for both varieties. However, excessive carbohydrate intake (40%) led to pronounced liver fat deposition in both varieties, with scattered-scaled mirror carp showing less severe deposition than Ying carp. As the carbohydrate levels in the feed increased, the essential amino acid (EAA) and total amino acid (TAA) content in the muscle of both carp varieties significantly increased, while the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle significantly decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed enhanced glycolytic activity (<i>pk1</i>) and inhibited gluconeogenesis (<i>g6p</i> and <i>pepck</i>) in the liver with higher carbohydrate levels. In muscle tissue, high carbohydrate diets reduced expression levels of genes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis (<i>elovl5</i>, <i>elovl6</i>, and <i>rxrgb</i>). The two carp varieties exhibited distinct adaptations to varying dietary carbohydrate levels. While a 30% carbohydrate diet enhanced the growth performance of both varieties, scattered-scaled mirror carp demonstrated higher growth efficiency, whereas Ying carp excelled in maintaining muscle nutrient quality, particularly regarding PUFAs and amino acid composition. These findings suggest that carbohydrate levels in feed should be optimized based on the specific goals of aquaculture, whether prioritizing rapid growth or improved muscle nutrition. Moreover, variations in the expression of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism between the two varieties influenced their metabolic responses, offering insights for designing variety-specific feeding strategies to support sustainable aquaculture practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9966429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Antibacterial Activity of Fish Protein Hydrolysate In Vitro Against Vibrio Strains and Disease Resistance to V. harveyi in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","authors":"Yuliang Wei,&nbsp;Lu Wang,&nbsp;Yanlu Li,&nbsp;Qiang Ma,&nbsp;Mengqing Liang,&nbsp;Houguo Xu","doi":"10.1155/anu/3446155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/3446155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) against <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>, <i>V. anguillarum</i>, and <i>V. scophthalmi</i>, as well as the nonspecific immunity, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance to <i>V. harveyi</i> in turbot. FPH was prepared from Pollock. The antibacterial activity of FPH was measured by the agar well diffusion, turbidometric assay, and plate count. The feeding trial was performed to study the effect of FPH on the resistance against <i>V. harveyi</i> in turbot after feeding three diets containing a high level of fish meal (FM), a high level of soybean meal (SM), and 100 g/kg FPH. Agar well diffusion showed the clearest inhibition zone of FPH was observed against <i>V. harveyi</i>, followed by <i>V. scophthalmi</i>. The bacterial growth curve and plate count showed a slight antibacterial effect of FPH against <i>V. anguillarum</i>. Results of the feeding trial showed that FPH enhanced antioxidant and immune responses before <i>V. harveyi</i> challenge as modulating immunoglobulin M (IgM), catalase (CAT), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in serum, as well as the number of goblet cells in the intestine. Meanwhile, the expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1<i>β</i> [<i>il-1β</i>], <i>il-6</i>, and <i>il-8</i>) was downregulated in the FPH group after the <i>V. harveyi</i> challenge. Survival probability in the FPH group increased after challenging to <i>V. harveyi</i> based on the Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results of intestinal microbiota showed the relative abundance of <i>Vibrio</i> in the SM group was the highest, followed by the FPH and control groups. Similarly, the relative abundance of distal intestinal <i>V. harveyi</i> was significantly reduced in the FPH group by analyzing the <i>vhhp2</i> gene. In conclusion, the present FPH against <i>Vibrio</i> strains was species-specific, with stronger antibacterial activity to <i>V. harveyi</i>. Dietary FPH enhanced the nonspecific immunity and antibacterial activity of turbot, increasing the resistance to <i>V. harveyi</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/3446155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary DHA Regulated the Androgen Production in Male Chinese Tongue Sole Cynoglossus semilaevis","authors":"Jiahao Liu,&nbsp;Qiang Ma,&nbsp;Feiran Zhang,&nbsp;Qingyan Gao,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhang,&nbsp;Yuliang Wei,&nbsp;Mengqing Liang,&nbsp;Houguo Xu","doi":"10.1155/anu/9318358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9318358","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) play key roles in sex steroid hormone synthesis in fish. Regarding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), currently the regulating effects were mostly evaluated in female fish rather than males. This study aimed to investigate the DHA effects on the sex steroid hormone production in male Chinese tongue sole. Three experimental diets were prepared, containing different DHA levels: a control (C) group (5.16% DHA of total fatty acids [TFA]), a low DHA group (DHA-L, 8.93%), and a high DHA group (DHA-H, 16.47%). A 58-day feeding experiment was conducted, and each diet was fed to triplicate tanks of fish. Additionally, an in vitro study with Leydig’s cells of this species was conducted to validate the in vivo results. The concentration of testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in the serum increased with increasing levels of dietary DHA. Dietary DHA significantly upregulated the expression of steroid hormone biosynthetic genes <i>p450c17</i>, <i>hsd17b1</i>, <i>hsd3b1</i>, <i>aromatase</i>, <i>hsd11b2</i>, and <i>p45011b</i> in the testis. The protein expression of Hsd17b1 in the testis of the DHA-H group was significantly higher compared to the other two groups, while the expression level of P450c17 showed an increasing trend with increasing dietary DHA levels. However, the in vitro results confirmed that the final concentration of DHA at 50 μmol/L could significantly increase the gene expression of <i>p450c17</i> in Leydig’s cells. In conclusion, dietary DHA may promote the synthesis of T and 11-KT through the regulation of protein (Hsd17b1 and P450c17) and gene (<i>p450c17</i>, <i>hsd17b1</i>, <i>hsd3b1</i>, <i>aromatase</i>, <i>hsd11b2</i>, and <i>p45011b</i>) expression of a series of key steroid hormone biosynthetic enzymes in male Chinese tongue sole.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9318358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Protein to Lipid Ratio and Insect Meal on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and the Gut Microbiome of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)","authors":"Rebecca Lawson,&nbsp;Yubing Chen,&nbsp;Junyu Zhang,&nbsp;Marcia A. Chiasson,&nbsp;Jennifer Ellis,&nbsp;Dominique Bureau,&nbsp;Richard D. Moccia,&nbsp;David Huyben","doi":"10.1155/anu/5511161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5511161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wild stocks of lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) are declining in the Great Lakes, and there is a lack of information on their nutritional requirements and gut health indicators to effectively culture them in an aquaculture setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and gut microbiome of lake whitefish fed varying protein:lipid ratios with and without the inclusion of insect meal from black soldier fly (BSF). In total, 450 lake whitefish (301 ± 10 g) were fed one of five diets with differing protein-to-lipid ratios (high-protein 54%, low-protein 48%, high-lipid 18%, or low-lipid 12%), and an additional commercial control rainbow trout diet (Bluewater commercial control [BCC]). High-protein diets included 5% BSF meal to explore its potential to partially replace fishmeal in the diet. After 16 weeks at 8.5°C, growth performance and nutrient digestibility were the highest for lake whitefish fed the high-protein–high-lipid (HPHL) and BCC diets, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was numerically lowest for the HPHL. Protein and energy retention, and lipid digestibility were highest for fish fed the HPHL and BCC diets, while the BCC diet had the highest lipid retained, concomitant with high viscerosomatic index (VSI). High lipid in fish, especially in the viscera that is removed during processing, is not desirable, thus the HPHL diet is recommended. The gut microbiome was dominated by Proteobacteria, specifically by the genera of <i>Shewanella</i> and <i>Aeromonas</i>, although feeding high-lipid diets resulted in the lowest alpha diversity, but was not significant. These results are novel for this species, and we recommend that lake whitefish diets should be formulated to have a minimum 54:18 protein-to-lipid ratio. The results from this study provide baseline information on the nutrition and gut microbiome of lake whitefish, which can be used to develop a species-specific feed rather than feeding them rainbow trout feed. However, further work on targeted breeding and genetic selection of broodstock, together with diet optimization, is needed to improve the growth performance and nutrient utilization in order to enable an effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable culture of lake whitefish.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5511161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Biofloc Culture on the Daily Rhythmicity of the Activity and Expression of Digestive Enzymes in Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"María del Carmen Monroy-Dosta,&nbsp;Daniel Becerril-Cortés,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Lazo,&nbsp;Arturo Mena-López,&nbsp;Pilar Negrete-Redondo,&nbsp;Eliasid Nogueda-Torres,&nbsp;Carmen Navarro-Guillén,&nbsp;José Antonio Mata-Sotres","doi":"10.1155/anu/6617425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6617425","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Biofloc technology (BFT) has recently attracted great attention due to minimal water exchange and reduced feed intake. This study aimed to recognize daily changes in the digestive physiology of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> between a traditional system and BFT. The enzyme activity of trypsin (try), chymotrypsin (chy), leucine aminopeptidase (lap), alkaline proteases (alk), lipase (lip), and amylase (amy), along with the gene expression of trypsin (<i>try</i>), chymotrypsin (<i>chy</i>), pepsin (<i>pep</i>), amylase (<i>amy</i>), and phospholipase (<i>pla</i>) were measured throughout a daily cycle. Samples were taken every 4 h in a 24 h cycle under a 12:12 L:D photoperiod. During 60 days, fish were feed three times a day (zeitgeber time, ZT: 0, 4, and 8) with a fishmeal-based diet containing 32% of crude protein and 5% of lipid, where molasses was added as a carbon source in BFT. No significant differences were found in fish performance among treatments at the end of the experiment. The activity of all tested enzymes significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increases during the dark period in both treatments, where the same activity pattern was found in try and lip. The maximum expression levels of digestive gene enzymes between treatments show a marked effect dependent on the presence of light and dark phases. The cosinor analysis showed an activity in try, lap, and lip with a significant rhythmicity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Our results demonstrate that some processes related to the digestive physiology of tilapia that respond directly to daily rhythmicity are modified under the constant presence of feed in BFT. These findings should be considered when establishing new optimized culture protocols.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6617425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Strain of Preponderant Amphitriploid Carassius Clone Juvenile With Integrated Genomes Partly From White Crucian Carp (C. auratus cuvieri) Requires Low Dietary Protein","authors":"Xing Wang,&nbsp;Dong Han,&nbsp;Junyan Jin,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhu,&nbsp;Haokun Liu,&nbsp;Zhimin Zhang,&nbsp;Yunxia Yang,&nbsp;Shouqi Xie","doi":"10.1155/anu/6356786","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/6356786","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study was carried out to search for the protein requirement of a new strain of preponderant amphitriploid <i>Carassius</i> clone, which integrated genomes partly from white crucian carp (<i>C. auratus cuvieri</i>). Seven groups of fish (body weight: 9.73 ± 0.03 g) were fed with seven isolipidic and isocarbohydrate diets containing 21.38%, 25.82%, 27.94%, 31.36%, 34.23%, 37.87%, and 40.70% crude protein (P21, P24, P27, P30, P33, P36, and P39), respectively. After 8-week feeding, weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were lower in the P30 group than those in the P39 group, but no difference was found in final body weight (FBW), survival, condition factor (CF), or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between different groups. Increased dietary protein decreased feeding rate (FR) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) while improved feed efficiency (FE). Decreased protein retention efficiency (PRE) and improved activity of liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and content of plasma ammonia suggested intensified fish amino acid catabolism in high dietary protein groups. The dietary protein requirement of the new <i>Carassius</i> clone was as low as 21.38% for growth. The optimal dietary protein for high FE was 39.62% and should be less than 30.56% to maintain the maximum protein retention. High dietary protein might be harmful to the fish due to the increased contents of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma cortisol. Dietary protein level altered fish body and muscle flavor substance composition. Low dietary protein could obtain high muscle fatty acid, free amino acid, and lipid accumulation, including whole body and muscle crude lipid, plasma total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Therefore, the recommended dietary protein for this new <i>Carassius</i> clone juvenile should be 21.38%–30.56%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}