Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A Brief Review on Aflatoxicosis in Aquaculture With a Focus on Fish","authors":"Mina Ziarati,&nbsp;Ahmad Imani,&nbsp;Hamed Ghafarifarsani,&nbsp;Deepa Bhatt","doi":"10.1155/anu/3130230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/3130230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Feed quality is among the most determinative criteria for aquaculture success. Along with feed ingredient quality and its production process, feed storage conditions would also affect feed quality, especially in terms of adventitious toxins. Mycotoxins are frequent food and feed contaminants and are considered important health threats to both human and animal health. In this context, the effects of mycotoxins on aquatic animals were reviewed with an emphasis on aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), which is obviously reported in aquafeed. Severe tissue damage, increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, compromised immune system function, and increasing unknown death risks are among the most frequent symptoms of aflatoxicosis in aquatic animals. The lowest observable effect level for AFB₁ has also been documented for different fish species. Considering the importance of such fungal toxins on the economic viability of aquaculture enterprises, it is recommended that further knowledge be obtained concerning the safe levels of AFB₁ in terms of fish health and final product safety to human consumers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/3130230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics and Phytobiotics as Dietary and Water Supplements in Biofloc Aquaculture Systems","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Khanjani,&nbsp;Moslem Sharifinia,&nbsp;Mohammad Akhavan-Bahabadi,&nbsp;Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano","doi":"10.1155/anu/3089887","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3089887","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Biofloc technology (BFT) is a relatively new microbial-based cultivation system that can be adopted to accomplish more sustainable aquaculture and circularity goals. This review explores aspects of BFT integrating the utilization of probiotics and phytobiotics as dietary and water supplements. This scientific-based snapshot unpacks some physiological pathways and brings a literature review on how these supplements can boost water quality, as well as aquatic species’ growth, health, and survival. Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate dosage, are noted for their ability to bolster animal defenses and sustain water quality in farming conditions. Recent studies showcased that selected bacteria, yeast, and fungi, once added into biofloc-based systems can enhance animal performance, act as a tool for water quality management and protect fish and crustaceans against diseases. On the other hand, phytobiotics are additives sourced from plants that normally are added into compounded feeds and are known for their health and growth benefits in aquatic animals. These additives contain plant-based substances/extracts that play a key role to suppress inflammation, pathogens, and can also act as antioxidants. These selected ingredients can promote healthy gut microbiota, improve feed efficiency, and turn on genes responsible for immunity improving disease resistance of fish/shrimp. According to this review, the adoption of probiotics and phytobiotics in BFT can greatly increase farm outputs by producing healthier animals, as well as promoting growth and consistent yields. Lastly, this review showcases the importance of proper section of probiotics and phytobiotics in order to achieve a functioning BFT. Despite its numerous advantages, BFT faces several challenges, especially related to microbial management. Probiotics and phytobiotics are practical tools that can play a crucial role to obtain a more stable environment with a desirable microbial population in water and gut. Future directions in the field should focus on optimizing the utilization of these supplements for a more resilient and sustainable BFT aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Effects of Microbe Derived Antioxidants on Digestive Tissue Morphology, Functions, and Intestinal Microbiota Diversity of Eriocheir sinensis Exposed to Glyphosate","authors":"Yameng Song,&nbsp;Mengyao Wu,&nbsp;Yongxu Cheng,&nbsp;Chao Niu,&nbsp;Xiaowen Yu,&nbsp;Yangyang Pang,&nbsp;Xiaozhen Yang","doi":"10.1155/anu/2620217","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/2620217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Introduction:</b> The use of glyphosate (Gly) has caused unnecessary economic losses to the aquaculture industry, but research on the effect of Gly on <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> is very limited. The aim of this study is to reduce the negative effects of Gly, reduce yield loss, and improve economic benefits through nutritional feed control technology.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> The experiment involved 80 crabs randomly divided into four groups: control group, Gly group (48.945 mg/L), microbe-derived antioxidant (MA) group, and Gly and MA treatment group. The study lasted for 7 days. In this study, the effects of Gly on the digestive function of <i>E. sinensis</i> were investigated using histology and spectrophotometer, and the gut microorganisms of <i>E. sinensis</i> were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> The study found that exposure to Gly resulted in separation of the folds of the midgut mucosa of <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> from the basement membrane, a decrease in the fold area of the hindgut mucosa, and an increase in the number of B cells in hepatic tubules. Additionally, the lipase activity of the intestine in the Gly group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the MA + Gly group, while the hepatopancreatic lipase decreased significantly. The amylase activity in the intestine and hepatopancreas of the Gly group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The trypsin activity in the hepatopancreas of the MA + Gly group was significantly higher than that of the Gly group. The Shannon diversity index in MA + Gly group was significantly lower than that in control group. At the phylum level, the abundance of the Campilobacterota in the MA + Gly group decreased. At the genus level, the proportion of the <i>Citrobacter and Flavobacterium</i> in the MA + Gly group decreased.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Gly has certain effects on the digestive tissue function, intestinal microbial diversity index and intestinal microbiota structure of <i>E. sinensis</i>, and MA can ameliorate the negative effects of Gly on <i>E. sinensis</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Dietary Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth Performance, Zinc in Tissues, and Immune Response in the Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)","authors":"Huanhuan Li,&nbsp;Menghan Wu,&nbsp;Jinming Wu,&nbsp;Jing Wan,&nbsp;Yongfeng He,&nbsp;Yifan Ding,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Liangxia Su","doi":"10.1155/anu/9553278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9553278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained attention as feed additives due to their high bioavailability. However, research on their impact on fish growth and health is limited. To investigate the influences of dietary addition of ZnO NPs on growth performance and immune function of rare minnow, rare minnows were fed diets with different ZnO NPs content. Growth analysis showed that ZnO NPs had a negative effect on the weight of rare minnow, decreasing and then increasing condition factors (CFs) and specific growth rate. Additionally, the accumulated zinc (Zn) level was significantly higher (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05), and the liver injury index was significantly higher (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05) in the dietary ZnO NPs group compared to the control group. The number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in blood samples increased and then decreased after treatment with ZnO NPs. It was further found that ZnO NPs as a dietary supplement significantly increased the Zn content and markedly repressed the expression of growth-related genes after 60 days of accumulation in muscle tissues, and accumulation in liver tissues for 60 days significantly enhanced the expression of immune modulation–related genes expression (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The findings suggested that short-term supplementation of ZnO NPs could positively affect fish growth and immune function. However, prolonged supplementation of dietary ZnO NPs resulted in reduced body weight and compromised immune function owing to the buildup of Zn in different tissues.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9553278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Astaxanthin on Ovarian Development of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Mingwei Tao,&nbsp;Hangxian Zhou,&nbsp;Jie Wei,&nbsp;Qiyou Xu","doi":"10.1155/anu/2662809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2662809","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of astaxanthin on ovarian development of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) female. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic feeds with varying levels of astaxanthin (0.8, 19, 41, 97, and 200 mg/kg) were grouped as AS0, AS20, AS40, AS100, and AS200, respectively. The results indicated that the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly greater in the AS40 and AS100 than in AS0 and AS200 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The AS40 and AS100 exhibited a dramatically lower hepatosomatic index (HSI) compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The content of vitellogenin (VTG) was significantly increased in AS100 compared to the AS0, AS20, and AS200 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Testosterone (T) levels were significantly lower in the AS200 compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The AS40, AS100, and AS200 groups exhibited significantly greater follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels than the AS0 and AS20 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The luteinizing hormone (LH) level was significantly higher in AS100 compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The estradiol (E₂) levels were significantly higher in AS40 compared to the AS0 and AS200 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly higher in AS100 than the AS0 and AS20 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in AS40 compared to the AS0 and AS200 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly decreased in AS40 than the other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis of ovarian tissue revealed that differentially expressed genes primarily involved in pathways such as “ovarian steroidogenesis,” “steroid hormone biosynthesis,” and “arachidonic acid metabolism.” The expression of genes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis and arachidonic acid metabolism, such as cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily J member (<i>cyp2j</i>), insulin-like growth factor 1 (<i>igf1</i>), phospholipase A2 group (<i>pla2g</i>), FSH receptor (<i>fshr</i>), and acute regulatory protein (<i>star</i>), was significantly upregulated in the AS40 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In summary, appropriate amount of astaxanthin supplementation in the diet enhance gonadal development, antioxidant capacity, and sex hormone levels, promote the expression of genes related to gonadal development, and consequently, enhance reproductive performance of largemouth bass.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2662809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Glutamine Supplementation on Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar Metabolic Performance at High Temperatures","authors":"Barbara Nuic,&nbsp;Alyssa Bowden,&nbsp;Artur Rombenso,&nbsp;Michael Salini,&nbsp;Matthew K. Jago,&nbsp;Richard Smullen,&nbsp;Craig E. Franklin,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Cramp","doi":"10.1155/anu/6632942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6632942","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Atlantic salmon are one of the most important fish species in global aquaculture production. However, temperature increases attributed to climatic events impair the production of Atlantic salmon during summer. Additionally, the nutritional requirements for this species when reared under elevated temperatures require elucidation. To address this gap, a feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation—a functional amino acid (AA) important for energy production and gut health—on the growth, metabolism, gut morphology, antioxidant capacity and thermal tolerance of Atlantic salmon parr at elevated temperatures (22°C). Atlantic salmon were pair-fed three isoenergetic diets: a control diet (D1, no addition of glutamine), D2 (7% glutamine supplementation with other dietary AA levels reduced—isonitrogenous to D1) and D3 (6% glutamine and with the same AA profile as D1). Metabolic rate measurements and sampling commenced after 7.5 weeks on diets and 3 weeks of exposure to 22°C. Glutamine supplementation (D2 and D3) did not affect specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor, relative gut mass or carcass composition despite fish fed D3 having increased pyloric caeca fold height (hF). Resting, maximum and digestive metabolic rates were also unaffected by glutamine supplementation. Contrary to findings in other fish species at optimum temperatures, this study showed that glutamine supplementation did not improve the growth performance of Atlantic salmon parr at elevated temperatures despite enhancing pyloric caeca surface area.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6632942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Fermented Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols on the Growth Performance, Immune Response, Hepatopancreatic Health, and Disease Resistance in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Zhoulin Yu,&nbsp;Guangye Liu,&nbsp;Sijie Li,&nbsp;Yucong Hong,&nbsp;Shuyan Zhao,&nbsp;Meng Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaohong Tan","doi":"10.1155/anu/9966772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9966772","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study evaluated the growth performance, immune response, hepatopancreatic health, and disease resistance in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> fed diets supplemented with fermented pomegranate peel polyphenols (FPPP) for 45 days. Five diets were formulated to contain various levels of FPPP: FP0 (no FPPP), FPPP inclusion at 0.015% (FP1), 0.030% (FP2), 0.060% (FP3), and 0.120% (FP4). The results indicated there were no significant variations in weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion rate (FCR) of shrimp in all treatment groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), but the survival (SR) of shrimp was significantly higher in all groups with the addition of FPPP (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with FP0 group, the contents of total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) in serum biochemical indexes of FP3 and FP4 groups were significantly increased, and the content of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with FP0 group, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lysozyme (LZM) in the hepatopancreas and serum of FP3 and FP4 groups were significantly increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and phenoloxidase (PO) in the hepatopancreas and serum of FP2 group were significantly higher than those of FP0 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hepatopancreas and serum of shrimp in FPPP-added groups was decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with FP0 group, the expression levels of SOD, CAT, glutathione S-transferase (GST), LZM, prophenoloxidase (ProPO), penaeidin-3 (Pen3), Crustin, immune deficiency (Imd), Toll, and Relish genes were significantly upregulated in the hepatopancreas of shrimp in FP3 and FP4 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, increasing the addition level of FPPP resulted in a more compact hepatosomal arrangement of the shrimp’s hepatopancreas, a more visible star-shaped lumen structure, and a significantly higher number of B cells. Finally, the cumulative SR of shrimp in FPPP groups was significantly higher than that in FP0 group after 7 days of infection with <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation of FPPP can improve SR, immunity, and hepatopancreatic health and resistance to <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> of <i>L. vannamei</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9966772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Different Levels of Process Energy in Sorghum and Wheat-Based Diets on the Growth Performance of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Tucker Graff,&nbsp;Trinh Ngo,&nbsp;Donald Allen Davis,&nbsp;Sajid Alavi","doi":"10.1155/anu/1985325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/1985325","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This research evaluated the effect of different levels of extrusion process energy during the production of wheat and sorghum-based feeds on the growth performance and digestibility of Pacific white shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>). Process energy consisted of mechanical and thermal components, which were both modulated via varying preconditioner steam addition. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (36% protein) and isolipidic (8% fat), with three levels of thermal energy (TE) input during preconditioning (high, medium, and low). All diets showed increased starch gelatinization with increased TE, with the wheat-based diets undergoing a greater degree of gelatinization than the sorghum-based diets. There were no significant differences in final biomass, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), or survival among the different treatments. However, digestibility results showed that wheat-based diets had significantly higher apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for both protein and energy compared to sorghum-based diets. Overall, increased starch gelatinization that correlated with greater digestibility was observed, but this effect was reduced in the sorghum-based diets. These findings suggest that sorghum can be used as a viable alternative to wheat in shrimp feed without negatively impacting their growth performance, while also offering potential cost savings to producers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/1985325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Levels on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, Hepatic Health, Nonspecific Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbial Community of Juvenile Amur Grayling (Thymallus grubii)","authors":"Shaoxia Lu,&nbsp;Chang’an Wang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Bing Liu,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Honghe Shi,&nbsp;Gefeng Xu,&nbsp;Shicheng Han,&nbsp;Hongbai Liu","doi":"10.1155/anu/8587410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8587410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This trial was conducted to assess the effects of different levels of dietary fish oil on growth performance, hepatic health, nonspecific immune responses, and intestinal microbial community of Amur grayling (<i>Thymallus grubii</i>). Five isonitrogenous diets containing 60 (6FO), 90 (9FO), 120 (12FO), 150 (15FO), and 180 g/kg (18FO) fish oil were fed to triplicate groups of 60 fish per tank for 8 weeks, respectively. The results revealed that specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) of fish in the 15FO group were significantly greater than those in the 6FO group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Somatic indices and whole-body lipid levels were positively correlated with increases in dietary fish oil levels. Trypsin and lipase activities in 15FO and 18FO groups were significantly higher than those in the 6FO and 9FO groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The activities of intestinal catalase (CAT) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) improved significantly as the dietary lipid content increased to 185.3 g/kg and decreased thereafter (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The lipid metabolism-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR<i>γ</i>) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were significantly downregulated and upregulated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), respectively, in the 15FO group. Immune-related genes in the liver and intestine, such as interleukin (IL-8), were significantly upregulated in the 15FO group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The liver sections from 18FO group presented more numerous and larger lipid vacuoles. Both low- (6FO) and high-lipid (18FO) diets reduced the relative abundance of intestinal <i>Lactococcus</i>. The relative abundances of intestinal <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> (mainly <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>) increased in the low-lipid diet group and that of <i>Pedobacter</i> increased in the high-lipid diet group. Second-order polynomial analysis of WG and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for varying levels of dietary lipid revealed that a range of 194.76–198.90 g/kg dietary lipid was optimal for the growth and health of Amur grayling.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8587410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Dietary Multienzyme Extract on Isotope Biokinetics in Red Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Juveniles","authors":"Emily Sol García Martínez,&nbsp;Analía Verónica Fernández-Giménez,&nbsp;Laura Susana López Greco,&nbsp;Miquel Planas","doi":"10.1155/2024/5538632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5538632","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Understanding the nutritional and metabolic physiology of aquatic organisms is essential for optimizing aquaculture practices and informing ecological models. We investigated the influence of dietary composition, specifically the incorporation of multienzyme extract derived from <i>Pleoticus muelleri</i> waste, on the growth and metabolic processes of juvenile <i>Cherax quadricarinatus</i>. We investigated how these dietary changes influence dietary assimilation and tissue turnover using stable isotope δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N dynamics, in both the pleon muscle and hepatopancreas. Juvenile crayfish were subjected to two isocaloric diets for a 90-day period: a control diet (diet C) and a diet supplemented with a multienzyme extract (diet E) from red shrimp waste. Despite comparable growth rates, isotopic analysis (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of the pleon muscle and hepatopancreas revealed distinct metabolic patterns between both dietary treatments. The hepatopancreas exhibited accelerated isotopic turnover relative to muscle tissue, irrespective of diet, suggesting a more dynamic metabolic role. Diet E further accelerated turnover rates in both tissues, indicative of enhanced nutrient assimilation and utilization. Consistent isotopic disparities between the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues highlighted tissue-specific metabolic functions, with the hepatopancreas serving as a metabolic hub. Molting-induced shifts in isotopic patterns underscored the dynamic interplay between metabolic processes and nutrient mobilization. Isotopic equilibrium was reached earlier for δ¹³C than δ¹⁵N, with lower discrimination factors in the hepatopancreas. While δ¹³C primarily supported metabolic processes, δ¹⁵N contributed substantially to growth, especially in muscle. These findings illuminate the complex interplay of dietary composition, isotopic fractionation, and physiological regulation in <i>C. quadricarinatus</i>. The metabolic enhancements induced by the diet supplemented with the extract warrant further investigation to optimize nutrient utilization and growth performance in aquaculture settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5538632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}