Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Levels on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, Hepatic Health, Nonspecific Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbial Community of Juvenile Amur Grayling (Thymallus grubii)","authors":"Shaoxia Lu,&nbsp;Chang’an Wang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Bing Liu,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Honghe Shi,&nbsp;Gefeng Xu,&nbsp;Shicheng Han,&nbsp;Hongbai Liu","doi":"10.1155/anu/8587410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8587410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This trial was conducted to assess the effects of different levels of dietary fish oil on growth performance, hepatic health, nonspecific immune responses, and intestinal microbial community of Amur grayling (<i>Thymallus grubii</i>). Five isonitrogenous diets containing 60 (6FO), 90 (9FO), 120 (12FO), 150 (15FO), and 180 g/kg (18FO) fish oil were fed to triplicate groups of 60 fish per tank for 8 weeks, respectively. The results revealed that specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) of fish in the 15FO group were significantly greater than those in the 6FO group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Somatic indices and whole-body lipid levels were positively correlated with increases in dietary fish oil levels. Trypsin and lipase activities in 15FO and 18FO groups were significantly higher than those in the 6FO and 9FO groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The activities of intestinal catalase (CAT) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) improved significantly as the dietary lipid content increased to 185.3 g/kg and decreased thereafter (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The lipid metabolism-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR<i>γ</i>) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were significantly downregulated and upregulated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), respectively, in the 15FO group. Immune-related genes in the liver and intestine, such as interleukin (IL-8), were significantly upregulated in the 15FO group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The liver sections from 18FO group presented more numerous and larger lipid vacuoles. Both low- (6FO) and high-lipid (18FO) diets reduced the relative abundance of intestinal <i>Lactococcus</i>. The relative abundances of intestinal <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> (mainly <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>) increased in the low-lipid diet group and that of <i>Pedobacter</i> increased in the high-lipid diet group. Second-order polynomial analysis of WG and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for varying levels of dietary lipid revealed that a range of 194.76–198.90 g/kg dietary lipid was optimal for the growth and health of Amur grayling.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8587410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Dietary Multienzyme Extract on Isotope Biokinetics in Red Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Juveniles","authors":"Emily Sol García Martínez,&nbsp;Analía Verónica Fernández-Giménez,&nbsp;Laura Susana López Greco,&nbsp;Miquel Planas","doi":"10.1155/2024/5538632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5538632","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Understanding the nutritional and metabolic physiology of aquatic organisms is essential for optimizing aquaculture practices and informing ecological models. We investigated the influence of dietary composition, specifically the incorporation of multienzyme extract derived from <i>Pleoticus muelleri</i> waste, on the growth and metabolic processes of juvenile <i>Cherax quadricarinatus</i>. We investigated how these dietary changes influence dietary assimilation and tissue turnover using stable isotope δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N dynamics, in both the pleon muscle and hepatopancreas. Juvenile crayfish were subjected to two isocaloric diets for a 90-day period: a control diet (diet C) and a diet supplemented with a multienzyme extract (diet E) from red shrimp waste. Despite comparable growth rates, isotopic analysis (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of the pleon muscle and hepatopancreas revealed distinct metabolic patterns between both dietary treatments. The hepatopancreas exhibited accelerated isotopic turnover relative to muscle tissue, irrespective of diet, suggesting a more dynamic metabolic role. Diet E further accelerated turnover rates in both tissues, indicative of enhanced nutrient assimilation and utilization. Consistent isotopic disparities between the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues highlighted tissue-specific metabolic functions, with the hepatopancreas serving as a metabolic hub. Molting-induced shifts in isotopic patterns underscored the dynamic interplay between metabolic processes and nutrient mobilization. Isotopic equilibrium was reached earlier for δ¹³C than δ¹⁵N, with lower discrimination factors in the hepatopancreas. While δ¹³C primarily supported metabolic processes, δ¹⁵N contributed substantially to growth, especially in muscle. These findings illuminate the complex interplay of dietary composition, isotopic fractionation, and physiological regulation in <i>C. quadricarinatus</i>. The metabolic enhancements induced by the diet supplemented with the extract warrant further investigation to optimize nutrient utilization and growth performance in aquaculture settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5538632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Diets With Different Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratios on the Growth Performance, Ion Transport, and Carbohydrate, Lipid and Ammonia Metabolism of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Long-Term Saline–Alkali Stress","authors":"Wei Liu,&nbsp;Erchao Li,&nbsp;Chang Xu,&nbsp;Liqiao Chen,&nbsp;Xiaodan Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9388755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9388755","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A 50-day test was adopted to compare the growth performance, liver histology, glucose metabolism, lipid (L) metabolism, ion transport, and ammonia metabolism of tilapia fed different carbohydrate–lipid (C:L) ratio diets under saline–alkaline water (salinity = 16 mmol/L and alkalinity = 35 mmol/L). The C and L levels of five isoenergetic (16.5 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (32% protein) diets were C45%:L3% (L3), C38%:L6% (L6), C31%:L9% (L9), C24%:L12% (L12), and C17%:L15% (L15). This study found that the dietary C:L ratio did not affect the survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or condition factor of tilapia in saline–alkali water, but fish in the L12 group had the highest weight gain (WG) rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index (HSI) compared with the other groups. Fish fed the higher C diet (L3 and L6) had a higher ion transport capacity and ammonia excretion capacity in gills. However, the highest mRNA expression of genes involved in glutamine metabolism and urea metabolism in the liver was found in the high-L diet groups (L12 and L15). In particular, a lower serum ammonia concentration was observed in the high-L diet groups (L12 and L15). In addition, biochemical indicators indicated that the L12 group had the highest liver pyruvic acid, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and lipase (LPS) and serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) contents. In summary, this study indicated that dietary Ls could promote glutamine metabolism and urea metabolism more than dietary Cs and then reduce the serum ammonia concentration of tilapia in saline–alkali water. A dietary C:L ratio of 2:1 was beneficial to the growth and ammonia excretion of tilapia in saline–alkali water in this study.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9388755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Optimum Dietary Arachidonic Acid Level and Its Essentiality for Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii): Based on Growth and Lipid Metabolism","authors":"Yangguang Bao,&nbsp;Yuedong Shen,&nbsp;Wenli Zhao,&nbsp;Bingqian Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Zhao,&nbsp;Shunshun Tao,&nbsp;Peng Sun,&nbsp;Óscar Monroig,&nbsp;Qicun Zhou,&nbsp;Min Jin","doi":"10.1155/2024/5589032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5589032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to investigate how dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) level affects growth performance and lipid metabolism in juvenile black seabream (<i>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</i>). A feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks, during which the fish (0.99 ± 0.10 g) were fed six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with varying ARA levels of 0.1%, 0.59%, 1.04%, 1.42%, 1.94%, and 2.42%. Fish fed the diet with 1.42% ARA had significantly higher weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than the other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), except for the ARA1.04. As the ARA level increased, the liver and muscle effectively accumulated <i>n</i>−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (<i>n</i>−6 PUFAs; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). However, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and <i>n</i>−3 PUFA contents of liver and muscle significantly decreased by increasing dietary ARA level (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Results of liver histology showed dramatically increased vacuolar fat droplets leading to hepatic fat pathological changes in fish fed diets with ARA levels of 1.94% and 2.42% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased with increasing dietary ARA level which was accompanied with elevated liver lipid content (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Consistently, triglyceride (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations of serum and liver, and serum cholesterol (CHO) concentration increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). As the level of dietary ARA increased, the indicators of lipid metabolism such as sirtuin 1 (<i>sirt1</i>) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>α</i> (<i>pparα</i>) also increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). However, after reaching their peak in ARA1.04 group, the level of these indicators declined (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The same trend was observed for the expression of genes related to the downstream pathways. While the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element–binding protein-1 (<i>srebp-1</i>) and its downstream genes were markedly increased with the increase of dietary ARA level (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggested that the optimum dietary ARA requirement of <i>A. schlegelii</i> is 1.03% of diet based on the WG. The study revealed that a diet containing 1.04% ARA can activate the expression levels of <i>sirt1</i> and <i>pparα</i> leading to promoted lipolysis. However, dietary ARA levels of ≥1.42% induced lipid accumulation in the liver, as they suppressed the mRNA levels of <i>sirt1</i> and <i>pparα</i>, while elevating the expression level of genes related to lipogenesis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5589032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Taurine on Maturation Indices, Antioxidant Capacity, Ovaries Amino and Fatty Acids Profile, and Vitellogenin Gene Transcription Level in Penaeus vannamei Female Brooders","authors":"Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh,&nbsp;Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi,&nbsp;Vahid Morshedi,&nbsp;Amin Oujifard,&nbsp;Naser Agh,&nbsp;Ahmad Ghasemi,&nbsp;Khalegh Maneii,&nbsp;Hadi Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Shirin Hamedi,&nbsp;Rezvan Tamadoni","doi":"10.1155/2024/5532545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5532545","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A 30-day research was carried out to examine the impacts of dietary taurine (Tau) on ovaries maturation and physiological responses of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> female brooders (29.4 ± 0.2 g). A basal diet (497 g kg⁻¹ protein and 140 g kg⁻¹ lipid) was administered with graded levels of Tau ranging from 0 (control) to 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g kg⁻¹. A total of 180 shrimp brooders were stocked into 18 250 L black circular polyethylene tanks. Female (<i>n</i> = 5) and male (<i>n</i> = 5) shrimps were stocked in each tank and supplied with seawater (35.2 ± 3.1 g L⁻¹ salinity, 28.9 ± 1.4°C) and the experimental feeds were offered to shrimp twice a day at 5% of their biomass. Supplementing diet with 4–8 g Tau kg⁻¹ reduced latency period after eye stalk ablation to spawning (5–6 days) that was associated with higher hepatopancreatic and gonadosomatic (except for 8 g Tau kg⁻¹ diet) indices (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). With 10 g Tau kg⁻¹ diet hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity increased and catalase activity increased by 6 g Tau kg⁻¹ diet. Supplementing diet with Tau-enhanced bile-salt dependent lipase activity in the gut. Docosahexaenoic acid and Tau levels were elevated in the ovaries with the increment of dietary Tau level (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Plasma total protein, calcium, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein increased with inclusion of 6–10 g Tau kg⁻¹ diet. The transcription levels of <i>vitellogenin</i>, <i>insulin-like growth factor II</i>, <i>superoxide dismutase</i>, <i>prophenoloxidase</i>, and <i>lysozyme</i> genes transcription levels were upregulated in the hepatopancreas of shrimp brooders fed 6–10 g Tau kg⁻¹ diet (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). It seems that Tau at 4–8 g kg⁻¹ diet by modulating lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immunocompetence can improve maturation and health status of <i>P. vannamei</i> brooders.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5532545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dietary Lipid Requirement for Ovarian Maturation and Health in Female Giant River Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Broodstock","authors":"Jiaxin Song,&nbsp;Yonghui Jian,&nbsp;Yuliang Xie,&nbsp;Jinghao Liang,&nbsp;Chaowei Shao,&nbsp;Xifang Pan,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Chen,&nbsp;Qiuyu Gao,&nbsp;Youqin Kong,&nbsp;Qiyou Xu,&nbsp;Zhili Ding","doi":"10.1155/2024/7462841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7462841","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;The dietary lipid level is closely associated with ovarian maturation of broodstock. However, optimal lipid requirements during broodstock gonad development for aquatic animals remain limited. In order to assess the impact of dietary lipid levels (6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% lipid, denoted as L6%, L8%, L10%, L12%, and L14%) on the ovarian maturation, antioxidant status, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism of &lt;i&gt;Macrobrachium rosenbergii&lt;/i&gt; broodstock (initial weight 10.53 ± 1.97 g), this study carried out an 8-week feeding experiment. The findings showed that while there was no significant difference in the survival rate across the groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05), the weight gain observed in prawns fed the 8% lipid-level diet was significantly higher than those fed other diets (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The hepatosomatic index and the gonadosomatic index showed a significant increase with the rise in dietary lipid level (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). More ovaries from &lt;i&gt;M. rosenbergii&lt;/i&gt; broodstock reached stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ after being supplemented with dietary lipid levels between 8% and 14%. Serum glucose content did not show any significant difference among all groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05), but serum triglyceride and total cholesterol content increased followed by a decreasing trend with increasing levels of dietary lipids, both peaking in the prawns fed a 10% lipid-level diet. Furthermore, the progesterone (PROG) and 17&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-estradiol (E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) content of prawns fed the 10% and 12% lipid-level diets were significantly higher compared to other groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Based on serum E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and PROG content, the optimal lipid level needed for maximal ovarian maturation was determined to be 11.79% and 10.88%, respectively. Moreover, there were more endogenous vitellogenic oocytes in prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, with a more compact arrangement compared to the less tightly arranged structure of the ovarian tissue in prawns fed other diets. With the increase in dietary lipid levels, there was a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase. The activities of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased significantly, peaking at prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The malondialdehyde content reached its lowest point in prawns fed a diet containing 10% lipid. In addition, the mRNA expressions of hepatopancreatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase showed the highest values in prawns fed a 10% lipid diet. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a in the hepatopancreatic as dietary lipid levels increased. The highest mRNA expression of fatty acid-binding proteins was observed in prawns fed an 8% lipid diet. In conclusion, dietary lipid levels ranging from 8% to 11.79% are beneficial for ovarian ","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7462841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Diet Supplemented With Hydrolyzable Tannin on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Nutritional Quality of Juvenile Mastacembelus armatus","authors":"Xiaowen Xue,&nbsp;Yiman Chen,&nbsp;Zhide Yu,&nbsp;Yuwei Feng,&nbsp;Linan Zhang,&nbsp;Chong Han,&nbsp;Xiaoli Yin,&nbsp;Baoyue Lu,&nbsp;Hu Shu","doi":"10.1155/2024/8266189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8266189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In this study, four groups of diet were prepared, with eel commercial diet without hydrolyzable tannin (HT) as the control group (H0), and the other three groups were fed with diet containing 0.05% (H1), 0.1% (H2), and 0.2% (H3) doses of HT to juvenile <i>Mastacembelus armatus</i> with an initial body weight of (0.40 ± 0.005) g. Juvenile fish in all groups were fed continuously for 60 days. Growth indices, hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzymes, biochemical indices (including total superoxide dismutase [T-SOD], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [AKP], and triglyceride [TG]), the content of muscle amino acids and fatty acids, stomach and intestine enzyme activities (pepsin, amylase, lipase), and genes expressions were evaluated. The results showed that 0.1% HT significantly improved the growth performance, hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity, as well as muscle quality and lipase activity of juvenile <i>M. armatus</i>. In summary, the optimal addition level of HT in the diet of juvenile <i>M. armatus</i> is 0.1%, which helps to improve aquaculture efficiency and improve the muscle quality of <i>M. armatus</i>. However, the long-term effects of feeding HT on <i>M. armatus</i> and its physiological reaction mechanism need to be further explored.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8266189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, Feed Utilization, Lipid Metabolism, and Metamorphosis of Bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeianus) Tadpoles Fed Diets With Different Lipid Levels","authors":"Juan Gao,&nbsp;Ling Wang,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Kangle Lu,&nbsp;Kai Song,&nbsp;Xueshan Li,&nbsp;Chunxiao Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/5513496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5513496","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study investigated the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and metamorphosis rate of bullfrog (<i>Aquarana catesbeianus</i>) tadpoles. A total of six isonitrogenous diets were prepared, each containing 4.46% (L5), 6.95% (L7), 9.10% (L9), 10.90% (L11), 12.34% (L13), and 15.00% (L15) crude lipid content. The experimental diets were administered to triplicates of tadpoles (stage 25, 0.007 g) twice daily for 75 days with a daily feeding rate of 6.50% of their body weight. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), crude protein content of the whole body, apparent digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, intestinal lipase (LPS) capacity, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) and contents of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in the serum, and metamorphosis rate at stages 40 and 41 increased as the dietary lipid level increased from 4.46% to 12.34% and then decreased. As the dietary lipid level increased from 4.46% to 10.90%, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein deposition rate (PDR), lipid deposition rate (LDR), crude lipid content and gross energy of the whole body, apparent digestibility of the crude lipid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities in the liver, and the intestinal trypsin (TPS) activity all increased and then decreased. According to the second-order polynomial regression analysis of the WG and metamorphosis rate at stage 41 to the dietary lipid level, the ideal dietary lipid content for tadpoles was 11.08% and 10.72%, respectively. Overall, the appropriate dietary lipid level for bullfrog tadpoles was found to be 10.72%–11.08% of the diet.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5513496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Levels on Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and NF-κB/Nrf2 Pathway-Related Gene Expression of Razor Clam Sinonovacula constricta","authors":"Yuxiang Zhu,&nbsp;Kai Liao,&nbsp;Hailong Huang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Deshui Chen,&nbsp;Bin Ma,&nbsp;Jilin Xu","doi":"10.1155/2024/9107191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9107191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is crucial for the optimal (Opt) growth of bivalves, but the precise dietary DHA requirement remains undetermined in bivalves. Our study identifies the optimal dietary DHA requirement for razor clam <i>Sinonovacula constricta</i> and demonstrates its effects on fatty acid profiles and gene expression related to inflammation and detoxification. Microencapsulated feeds with different DHA levels (DHA1–6 groups: 1.68, 4.85, 9.49, 12.6, 15.59, and 16.95 mg g⁻¹ dry matter) were prepared using spray drying. Razor clams (initial wet weight: 3.8 ± 0.6 mg) were fed these microcapsules for a period of 20 days. The present study showed that the clams in the DHA1 group exhibited significantly lower weight and shell length gain rates compared to those in the DHA3, DHA4, DHA5, and DHA6 groups. Based on the shell length gain rate, the Opt dietary requirement of DHA for clam is approximately 6.42 mg g⁻¹ dry matter. The clams in the DHA2 group had significantly higher crude lipid content compared to those in the DHA1 and DHA6 groups, while the clams in the DHA1 group had the highest ash content, significantly higher than that in the DHA4 and DHA6 groups. The DHA levels in the clams increased with the increase in DHA content in the microcapsules, while the levels of total <i>n</i>-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) decreased. The mRNA levels of <i>cyclooxygenase-2</i> (<i>cox2</i>) and <i>5-lipoxygenase type 2 (5-lox-2)</i> were higher in the DHA1 and DHA6 groups compared to other microcapsule groups. As dietary DHA levels increased, the mRNA levels of <i>nuclear factor kappa B (nfκb</i>) and <i>nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2</i>) decreased. Additionally, the mRNA levels of <i>glutamate-cysteine ligase</i> catalytic subunit (<i>gclc</i>) and <i>glutathione S-transferase</i> (<i>gst</i>) were highest in the DHA1 group. This is the first study to determine the Opt DHA requirement for juvenile razor clams using microcapsules with different DHA levels, and this study further reveals that dietary DHA can help reduce inflammation and oxidative status in clams.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9107191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Dietary Manganese on the Intestinal Digestive Function, Antioxidant Response, and Muscle Quality in Coho Salmon","authors":"Dongwu Liu,&nbsp;Wenshuo Xie,&nbsp;Zhiling Xia,&nbsp;Ya Wang,&nbsp;Xinran Zhang,&nbsp;Qiuxiang Pang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9335479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9335479","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Manganese (Mn) is a nutritional element required for fish growth and physiology functions. In this study, we examined the effect of Mn on the intestinal digestive function, antioxidant response, and muscle quality in coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>). Nine hundred salmons with initial weight approximately 0.35 g were fed with six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets formulated to contain 2.4, 8.5, 14.8, 19.8, 24.6, and 33.7 mg/kg Mn for 84 days. The result showed that the activity of trypsin and lipase was elevated, whereas <i>α</i>-amylase activity was not affected by various Mn diets in intestine. Dietary Mn elevated the activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and catalase (CAT), but had no influence on copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in intestine. Dietary Mn at 8.5, 14.8, 19.8, 24.6, and 33.7 mg/kg enhanced the gene expression level of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the accumulation of Mn in muscle was enhanced with increasing levels of dietary Mn. Dietary Mn elevated the content of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), but the content of iron (Fe) and Zn was decreased by dietary Mn in the salmon muscle. The content of fatty acids and amino acids was enhanced by various levels of dietary Mn in muscle. Moreover, a significant quadratic effect was observed on the texture of salmon muscle. The dietary Mn requirement was 16.9–25.7 mg/kg Mn to acquire the highest value of muscle texture using the quadratic regression model. The diets at 14.8 and 19.8 mg/kg Mn had a higher score of sensory evaluation for raw muscle. Our result showed that dietary Mn affected the intestinal digestion function and antioxidant response, which may further result in the change of muscle quality in coho salmon. The result will provide reference for detecting the effect of dietary micronutrients on the muscle quality of salmons.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9335479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}