Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Cholesterol Supplementation in High Soybean Meal Diet on Growth, Lipid Metabolism, and Intestinal Health of Juvenile Rice Field Eel Monopterus albus","authors":"Kai Xie,&nbsp;Xiang Liu,&nbsp;Yong Shi,&nbsp;Minglang Cai,&nbsp;Jihong Dai,&nbsp;Junzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Hu","doi":"10.1155/anu/2233612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2233612","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The rising cost of fish meal (FM) in aquaculture feed has prompted the search for alternative protein sources like soybean meal (SBM). However, SBM-based diets can negatively affect fish growth, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health. One possible solution is to add cholesterol to SBM-based feeds to mitigate these adverse effects, but the optimal levels and the resulting benefits remain unclear. In this study, the impact of adding cholesterol to low FM and high soybean protein diets on the growth, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of <i>Monopterus albus</i> was evaluated. Juvenile <i>M. albus</i> (initial body weight of 20.00 ± 0.02 g) were fed a control diet with 42% FM + 22% SBM diet (FM group), 22% FM + 52% SBM diet (SBM group), and the SBM diet supplemented with 5 g/kg or 10 g/kg cholesterol (SBC5 and SBC10 groups, respectively). The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were significantly lower in the SBM group compared to the FM group, but WGR increased with the addition of 10 g/kg cholesterol. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased significantly in the SBM group, indicating liver stress, but returned to normal levels in the SBC10 group. Cholesterol supplementation also improved serum and liver lipid profiles and significantly increased the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the liver. In addition, cholesterol supplementation increased the activities of intestinal enzymes (e.g., amylase) and restored the structural integrity of the intestinal lining, including villus height and goblet cell count. Additionally, the SBC10 group exhibited a richer and more diverse intestinal microbiota, with increased abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. These findings demonstrate that supplementing 10 g/kg cholesterol in a high SBM diet improves growth performance, lipid metabolism, intestinal health, and gut microbiota composition in <i>M. albus</i>. This study provides a practical food-borne strategy to enhance the use of plant-based proteins in aquaculture while mitigating their negative effects, contributing to the sustainability of fish farming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2233612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Partial or Complete Substitution of Fish Meal by Meat Meal in the Feed of Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major) on the Growth Performance and Feed Utilization","authors":"Yu Jin Sim,&nbsp;Sung Hwoan Cho","doi":"10.1155/anu/9589317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9589317","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>As fish meal (FM) has become an expensive protein source to sustainably use in aquafeeds due to its stagnant production and increased price, finding a FM replacer is essential for the advancement of sustainable aquaculture. This study examined the effect of partial or complete FM substitution by meat meal (MM) in feeds on the growth and feed utilization of red sea bream (<i>P. major</i>). Six diets with isoproteic and isolipidic were prepared. In the control (Con) diet, 55% FM was included. The partial (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) or complete (100%) of FM levels in the Con diet were substituted by MM, named the MM20, MM40, MM60, MM80, and MM100 diets, respectively. Four hundred and fifty juvenile (7.85 ± 1.851 g; mean ± SE) red sea bream were distributed into 18 tanks (25 juvenile/tank) with triplicate. Throughout an 8-week feeding period, all fish were carefully hand-fed twice daily. At the completion of the 8-week experimental period, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed consumption of fish fed the Con, MM20, and MM40 diets were superior to fish fed the MM60, MM80, and MM100 diets. Feed efficiency of fish fed the MM20 diet was superior to fish fed the MM100 diet, but comparable to fish fed the Con, MM40, MM60, and MM80 diets. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the Con, MM20, MM40, and MM60 diets was higher than that of fish fed the MM100 diet. Protein retention of fish fed the Con, MM20, and MM40 diets was superior to fish fed the MM100 diet. The condition factor of fish fed the Con diet was higher than that of fish fed the MM80 and MM100 diets. Plasma and serum parameters and biochemical composition of fish, except for fatty acid profiles were not significantly influenced by dietary MM supplementation as a substitution for FM. In conclusion, FM up to 40% could be substitutable by MM in a 55% FM-based feed without significantly impairing the growth performance and feed consumption of red sea bream.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9589317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Protein Intake on Growth and Nutrient Retention of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in a Green Water Recirculating Aquaculture System","authors":"Adela N. Araujo,&nbsp;Khanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Leila Strebel,&nbsp;Trenton Corby,&nbsp;Melanie A. Rhodes,&nbsp;Benjamin H. Beck,&nbsp;Luke A. Roy,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis","doi":"10.1155/anu/4942439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4942439","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Feed management and the nutrient content of the diet are two of the most important factors in shrimp culture, as feed makes up around 60% of the total variable costs. Given the cost of protein and its effect on growth, it is critical to understand the effects of both dietary protein and feeding rates on shrimp performance. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different protein intake levels on growth performance, nutrient retention efficiency, and whole-body composition of Pacific white shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) using different levels of crude protein (CP). This was done by feeding four practical diets with 40%, 35%, 30%, and 25% of CP, which were fed at two different rates, one of them being the standard feed rate (100%) and a second adjusted rate to match the protein supplied (40% protein equivalence), resulting in a total of eight treatments with four replicates each. The total ration for each of the treatments was spread out into four feedings per day. Juvenile shrimp (0.41 ± 0.01 g) were stocked into a green water outdoor recirculating system with 32 circular tanks at a density of 30 individuals/tank and reared for 11 weeks. A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with green water (~30°C) was used for this trial, which consisted of a central reservoir (⁓1000 L) and treatment tanks (⁓800 L). At the end of the trial, growth performance parameters including final weight, weight gain (WG), biomass, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found to be significantly different among treatments (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Average survival was between 94% and 98% for all the treatments. All final body composition values (dry matter, CP, and minerals) did not show significant differences between treatments except for fat (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). However, feed utilization measurements including apparent net protein retention (ANPR), and phosphorus retention (PR) showed to have significant differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), ranging 49%–66% and 16%–27%, respectively. The results from this study demonstrated that treatments with higher protein intake resulted in the best growth performance, meanwhile treatments with lower protein intake had the highest nutrient retention values.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4942439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary β-Carotene Supplementation on Growth Performance, Biochemical Indices, Hemato-Immunological Parameters, and Physio-Metabolic Responses of the Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)","authors":"Mohammad Ettefaghdoost,&nbsp;Hamid Navirian,&nbsp;Hossein Haghighi","doi":"10.1155/anu/5184405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5184405","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;An 8-week feeding experiment was carried out to determine the influence of &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene intake on the growth, biochemical, and immunological responses of &lt;i&gt;Macrobrachium nipponense&lt;/i&gt;. Five distinct formulated nutritional regimens were fed to prawns with an average weight of 1.37 ± 0.09 g, each containing varying levels of &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene, including 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. According to the results, the growth metrics were markedly increased by the various levels of &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05); however, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) remained statistically unchanged compared to the control treatment (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Despite that, a reduction was observed in most hemolymph biochemical indicators, including triglycerides, urea, creatinine, and uric acid (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels demonstrated a notable increase in comparison to the control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and cholesterol did not exhibit any noteworthy differences (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). The administration of &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene resulted in a significant reduction of hemato-immune indices, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cortisol (CORT) levels. Conversely, there was a notable increase in the levels of lysozyme (LYZ), albumin (ALB), phenoloxidase (PO), total protein (TP), hyaline cells (HCs), granular cells (GCs), semi-GCs (SGCs), and total hemocyte count (THC) within the &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene treatment groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the majority of the hepatopancreatic antioxidant parameters, including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), exhibited a significant decrease in response to &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene treatment. However, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) demonstrated a marked increase when compared to the control treatment (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Nonetheless, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) did not exhibit any significant changes by these experimental treatments (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). The research revealed that elevated dietary levels of &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene, specifically at 200 mg/kg, significantly increased digestive enzyme activities, total carotenoid content (TCC), and body chemical composition, including crude protein and crude lipid levels (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Despite the &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene supplementation, the populations of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and ash content remained unaffected (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Notably, an increase in the levels of &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene corresponded with a significant elevation in the expression of genes related to growth and immunity (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). An elevation in dietary &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-carotene significantly increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and essential amino acid","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5184405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-Treated Soybean Meal Serves as an Effective Alternative to Fishmeal in the Diet of the Shrimp Penaeus vannamei","authors":"Jianchun Shao,&nbsp;Qingyin Zheng,&nbsp;Zhengbang Chen,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhu,&nbsp;Qiulei Ren,&nbsp;Kai Yuan,&nbsp;Linwei Yang","doi":"10.1155/anu/2312302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2312302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Research on finding alternative protein sources to replace fishmeal (FM) has become a central issue in the nutrition field. Extensive research has been carried out on the replacement of FM with soybean meal (SBM); however, little is known about the replacement of FM with enzyme-treated SBM (ESBM). In this study, five isolipidic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated by substituting FM with ESBM at the levels of 0% (FM, control diet), 5% (ESBM25), 10% (ESBM50), and 15% (ESBM75) which were fed to juvenile shrimp for 8 weeks. And we found that replacing FM with ESBM at 5%–10% levels in shrimp diets had no impact on shrimp growth performance and feed utilization. However, substituting 10% ESBM for FM in the shrimp diets promoted the expression of growth-related genes and maintained consistent intestinal microbiota compared to the control group. Replacing FM with 15% ESBM in the shrimp diets inhibited shrimp growth, suppressed mTOR gene expression, and promoted the proliferation of harmful intestinal bacteria. Furthermore, replacing FM with different ESBM did not affect the intestinal health of shrimp. Taken together, our research provides that replacing FM with 10% ESBM is feasible. These findings not only enrich our knowledge of FM proteinogen replacement but also provide a reference for the use of ESBM as a substitute for FM in commercial feeds for shrimp <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> as well as other shrimp species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2312302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Plant-Derived and Microbial Feed Additives on the Growth Performance and Biochemical Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus","authors":"Jiayu Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Yan Zhao,&nbsp;Yanchao Chai,&nbsp;Haiqing Wang","doi":"10.1155/anu/6521606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6521606","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Low growth and survival rates (SRs) are common challenges confronted in cultivation of sea cucumbers, particularly during juvenile stage. Given the significance of feed components in aquaculture, it is essential to explore various additives in formulated feed for juvenile sea cucumber <i>Stichopus monotuberculatus</i>. In this study, juveniles were fed a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of tea powder, 100 mg/kg of allicin, 20 mL/kg of probiotics, and 100 mL/kg of earthworm hydrolysate (EH) over a 56-day feeding trial. The SRs, growth performance, nonspecific immunity, antioxidant activity, nutrient composition, and digestive activity of juveniles were evaluated. The results showed that all four feed additives positively affected the digestive ability of <i>S. monotuberculatus</i>. Tea powder, allicin, and probiotics in the diet significantly enhanced the growth performance of the juveniles, while EH exhibited a beneficial impact on the nutrient accumulation. Additionally, tea powder and allicin were found to enhance immune responses. Therefore, this study provided insights into how feed additives affect growth, digestibility, and immune responses in aquatic animals, offering valuable information for developing effective dietary strategies for tropical sea cucumbers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6521606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Content of Plant Ingredients and Phospholipids Affects Astaxanthin Utilization and Lipid Deposition in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)","authors":"Trine Ytrestøyl,&nbsp;Bente Ruyter,&nbsp;Tone-Kari K. Østbye,&nbsp;Bjarne Hatlen,&nbsp;Sergey Afanasyev,&nbsp;Marta Bou,&nbsp;Grete Baeverfjord,&nbsp;Aleksei Krasnov","doi":"10.1155/anu/3454274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/3454274","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The effects of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) and oil (FO) with plant ingredients on absorption, metabolism, and flesh retention of astaxanthin were tested in Atlantic salmon. Phospholipid (PL) concentrates of marine (MPL) or plant origin (Soy lecithin, SoyLec) were supplemented to plant-based diets as choline sources to study potential effects on astaxanthin absorption and retention. A total of six diets were tested, three of them at high and low temperature (6 and 12°C). Lower temperature and slower growth increased retention of astaxanthin in the muscle of the marine-diet group but had no effect in the low marine-diet groups. Digestibility of astaxanthin was not affected by temperature in any of the diet groups. Sufficient PL in the diet was crucial for the digestibility of astaxanthin and lipids, but the source of phospholipid did not affect digestibility. The source of PL did have an effect on the accumulation of astaxanthin in the muscle. MPL reduced the muscle retention of astaxanthin and increased liver accumulation of the astaxanthin metabolite idoxanthin compared to plant protein (PP) diets and diets supplemented with SoyLec. PP diets also increased the deposition of lipid in liver and caused steatosis of intestine. Genes involved in formation of lipoproteins and cholesterol synthesis in the mid-intestine were downregulated in fish fed PP diets compared to a FM diet. MPL supplementation to the PP diet reduced the changes in gene expression and the steatosis in the intestine whereas adding SoyLec did not. Neither MPL nor SoyLec supplementation reduced the accumulation of lipid in liver in fish fed plant protein diets. In conclusion, the addition of MPL to a plant-based diet improved intestinal lipid transport, but not astaxanthin deposition in muscle.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/3454274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriate Fat Supplementation in High-Starch Diets Involved in the Modification of Fatty Acids Profile, Amino Acids Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Adult Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Muscle","authors":"Jianmin Zhang,&nbsp;Ningning Xie,&nbsp;Ming Jiang,&nbsp;Lixue Dong,&nbsp;Hua Wen,&nbsp;Juan Tian","doi":"10.1155/anu/7139771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7139771","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Tilapia industry has faced great challenges due to the replacement of high-quality protein sources by a high proportion of starch. Meanwhile, the level of dietary fat is gradually reduced with the increase of oil price. High starch diets have been proved to have negative effects on flesh quality in previous studies, but the effects of fat remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to ascertain whether fat level is a requisite factor in the flesh quality of adult fish under conditions of high-starch diet feeding. The study involved adult Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) with an initial body weight (IBW) of 168.58 ± 2.01 g, which were fed a standard (CON) diet, a high-starch-low-fat (HSLF) diet, and a high-starch-moderate-fat (HSMF) diet for 10 weeks. The results demonstrated that the high starch diets significantly decreased the hardness, chewiness, springiness, and gumminess of muscle. HSLF diet led to a significant reduction in the weight gain rate (WGR), accompanied by an increase in crude fat content and a decrease in glycogen content in the muscle. The HSLF diet resulted in a reduction in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), and flavor amino acids (FAAs) in the muscle tissue. Furthermore, it influenced muscle texture by reducing collagen content, fiber density, and sarcomere length. The muscle antioxidant capacity was diminished by affecting the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as the expression levels of related genes (<i>SOD</i>, <i>CAT</i>, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (<i>nrf2</i>)). In contrast, the HSMF diet did not have a detrimental impact on growth performance, yet it did result in a significant increase in glycogen content, hydroxyproline (Hyp), PUFAs, EAA, and FAA in muscle tissue. Moreover, the HSMF diet was observed to markedly elevate the antioxidant capacity of the muscle. It can be concluded that high-starch diet can significantly affect flesh quality by affecting the texture and muscle nutrients, as well as decreasing antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, the inclusion of an adequate quantity of fat may prove an effective means of counteracting these unfavorable outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7139771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Phaffia rhodozyma-Synthesized 3S, 3′S-Astaxanthin Promotes Body Coloration and Muscle Quality in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Beili Zhang,&nbsp;Chunyang Zhang,&nbsp;Jianing Xu,&nbsp;Wenyi Wang,&nbsp;Chengguo Zhang,&nbsp;Juan Tian,&nbsp;Chaoqun Li,&nbsp;Qinyuan Ma","doi":"10.1155/anu/9993234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9993234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The focus of people on the yield of aquatic products has gradually shifted to superior quality. Astaxanthin is well-known for its superior antioxidant capacity, while research on its regulatory effect on muscle quality is limited. This study aims to investigate whether dietary <i>Phaffia rhodozyma</i>-synthesized 3S, 3′S-astaxanthin (L-AST) could promote the body coloration and muscle quality of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. Experimental diets with L-AST levels of 0, 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg were fed to <i>L. vannamei</i> (IBW: 2.72 ± 0.03 g) for 8 weeks. The results revealed that the shrimp fed L-AST diets presented better body coloration with decreased L^∗ values whereas increased a^∗ values and possessed higher levels of muscle astaxanthin. Dietary supplementation with 60 mg/kg L-AST significantly enhanced muscle texture (hardness, chewiness, resilience, and gumminess), which could be attributed to an increase in alkaline-insoluble collagen content and a decrease in myofiber diameter. Interestingly, dietary supplementation with 60 or 90 mg/kg L-AST markedly increased the content of glycine (a sweet amino acid) and total flavor amino acid (glutamic acid, aspartate, alanine, glycine). Further study showed that dietary supplementation with 60 or 90 mg/kg L-AST significantly improved free fatty acid profile by increasing contents of some monounsaturated fatty acids (C17:1n7, C18:1n9t and C24:1n9) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20:02 and C22:6n3). Taken together, dietary <i>P. rhodozyma</i>-synthesized L-AST considerably promoted muscle quality in <i>L. vannamei</i> by promoting histological and texture properties, elevating alkaline-insoluble collagen content while improving the profile of free amino acids and fatty acids.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9993234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish Protein Hydrolysates Mitigate the Adverse Effects of No-Fishmeal Diets in Gilthead Seabream Juveniles","authors":"Cláudia Aragão,&nbsp;Rita Colen,&nbsp;Rita Teodósio,&nbsp;Miguel Cabano,&nbsp;Luís T. Antelo,&nbsp;José Antonio Vázquez,&nbsp;Sofia Engrola","doi":"10.1155/anu/1352251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/1352251","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The aquaculture industry must continue to reduce its reliance on finite marine ingredients and promote biocircularity to enhance sustainability. This study evaluated the effects of no-fishmeal (FM) diets and fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) on the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses of gilthead seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>). Following established conditions, two FPHs were prepared from the enzymatic hydrolysis of discards from whole-body blue whiting (<i>Micromesistius poutassou</i>) and gurnard heads (<i>Trigla</i> spp.); the former contained a higher proportion of large peptides (LPs), while the latter had more small peptides (SPs). Four isoproteic (48%) and isolipic (16%) diets were tested: a commercial (COM)-like diet with 35% FM, 10% poultry meal, and 5% soy protein concentrate; a FUTURE (FUT) diet, without FM or soy protein concentrate, containing 25% poultry meal; and two FUT diets supplemented with FPH (FUTLP and FUTSP). Gilthead seabream (initial weight ± 8.0 g) was distributed into 500 L tanks at an initial density of 1.4 kg m⁻³ and fed the experimental diets to apparent satiety for 8 weeks. Sampling was performed at the end of the growth trial, followed by a digestibility trial. Nutrient and energy digestibilities were significantly lower in the FUT than in the COM diet, with protein and energy digestibilities being 7% and 16% lower, respectively, in the FUT treatment, leading to higher nitrogen losses. Growth performance and feed utilization were negatively impacted in the FUT treatment, with weight gain of only 310 ± 33% compared to 482 ± 22% in the COM treatment. Additionally, immune responses in plasma and antioxidant status in the liver were slightly impaired in the FUT treatment. Supplementation of FPH to the FUT diet mitigated or even reversed these negative effects. The results confirmed that including small- and medium-sized peptides in no-FM diets is more beneficial than using larger ones.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/1352251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}