Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Advances in Probiotic and Prebiotic Applications for Sustainable Aquaculture: Harnessing Their Roles in China’s Marine Pasture Restoration and Health","authors":"Lishuko Ng’onga,&nbsp;Kwaku Amoah,&nbsp;Xiaopiao Zhong,&nbsp;Yong Zhong,&nbsp;Vicent Michael Shija,&nbsp;Peter Mrope,&nbsp;Yu Huang,&nbsp;Bei Wang,&nbsp;Xiao Jin,&nbsp;Jia Cai","doi":"10.1155/anu/5011739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5011739","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food-producing sector globally, yet intensive farming in China has led to severe ecological degradation of coastal marine pastures, including habitat loss, disease outbreaks, and dysbiosis of cultured species. Probiotics (beneficial live microorganisms) and prebiotics (non-digestible substrates that promote beneficial microbiota) offer eco-friendly alternatives to antibiotics and chemicals, aligning with China’s “Blue Granary” and marine ecological restoration initiatives. Recent advances demonstrate that multi-strain probiotics (including <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, and marine-derived <i>Vibrio</i> spp.) and prebiotics (including mannan oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, and seaweed-derived polysaccharides) significantly enhance growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance in key Chinese aquaculture species such as sea cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>), shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>), and large yellow croaker (<i>Larimichthys crocea</i>). These biotics modulate gut and water microbiota, improve nutrient utilization, suppress pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> populations, and mitigate environmental stress. In marine ranching and pasture restoration projects, probiotic-prebiotic synbiotics have accelerated the recovery of degraded seaweed beds and benthic communities while reducing harmful algal blooms (HABs) and organic sediment loads. This review synthesizes evidence from Chinese and international studies (2018–2025) and highlights successful field-scale applications in Bohai Bay, the Yellow Sea, and the South China Sea restoration zones. Integrating probiotics and prebiotics into feed and water management supports antibiotic-free aquaculture, enhances carbon sequestration in marine pastures, and advances China’s goals of ecological civilization and sustainable blue economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5011739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplementation With Olive Leaf Extract Alleviated Lipid Accumulation and Improved Growth and Intestinal Flora in Trachinotus ovatus Fed High-Fat Diet","authors":"Jiaying Xie,&nbsp;Jiajian Shen,&nbsp;Douglas R. Tocher,&nbsp;Yuanyou Li,&nbsp;Yansen Hao,&nbsp;Zeling Lin,&nbsp;Han Zhan,&nbsp;Fan Lin,&nbsp;Shuqi Wang,&nbsp;Cuiying Chen","doi":"10.1155/anu/8894218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8894218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the application of high-fat diets (HFDs) leading to increased prevalence of fatty liver in aquaculture, plant extracts such as olive (<i>Olea Europaea L.</i>) leaf extract (OLE) have attracted much attention due to their potential bioactive effects. In the present study, five experimental groups were established with HFD (15.5% crude lipid) supplemented with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% OLE, respectively, and each was fed to three replicate cages containing 20 juvenile <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i> (initial body weight: 11.57 ± 0.19 g) per cage. Fish fed HFD supplemented with 1.0% OLE showed significantly increased growth and survival and reduced lipid content in whole fish and triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol contents in serum compared to fish fed HFD (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Analysis of liver gene expression showed that reduced lipid content might be associated with reduced expression of genes associated with lipid synthesis (sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 [<i>srebp1</i>], fatty acid synthase [<i>fas</i>], acetyl-CoA carboxylase [<i>acc</i>], and diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1 [<i>dgat1</i>]), and increased expression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α [<i>pparα</i>], hormone-sensitive lipase [<i>hsl</i>], and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 [<i>cpt1</i>]) and lipid transport (CD36 molecule [<i>cd36</i>] and fatty acid binding protein 1 [<i>fabp1</i>]). Inclusion of OLE not only significantly lowered serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities but also increased activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), while serum malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in fish fed HFD with 0.5%–1.0% OLE compared to fish fed HFD (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, 0.5%–1.0% dietary OLE significantly enhanced the integrity of intestinal morphology, reduced intestinal lipase activity and expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1 [<i>il-1</i>] and <i>il-8</i>), and increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The abundance of beneficial bacterial taxa (<i>Bacteroides</i>) was increased, while harmful bacterial taxa (<i>Mycoplasma</i>) decreased in <i>T. ovatus</i> fed diets with OLE compared to fish fed HFD. The data suggested that dietary OLE (particularly 1.0%) alleviated the negative effects of HFD in <i>T. ovatus</i>, which has highlighted the positive impacts of dietary OLE in fish and provided a new development opportunity for the olive industry through utilization of production waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8894218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Feeding Frequency of Frozen Housefly Larvae on the Growth Performance, Physiological Functions, and Intestinal Microbiota of Cherax quadricarinatus","authors":"Zhuang Mai,&nbsp;Jie Wei,&nbsp;Yakun Wang,&nbsp;Sikai Xu,&nbsp;Qiaoyan Zhou,&nbsp;Tianhui Jiao,&nbsp;Lingyun Yu","doi":"10.1155/anu/9988505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9988505","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optimal feeding strategies for the red claw crayfish, <i>Cherax quadricarinatus</i>, remain to be established. In this study, <i>C. quadricarinatus</i> was fed frozen housefly larva meal (<i>Musca domestica</i> [MD]) at different frequencies to evaluate effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, immune genes, and intestinal microbiota structure. Four feeding protocols were established: control (C) fed basic feed, experimental group 1 (E1) fed basic feed for 2 days and then compound feed (50% MD + 50% basic feed) for 1 day, experimental group 2 (E2) fed basic feed for 1 day and then compound feed for 1 day, and experimental group 3 (E3) fed compound feed daily. After 10 weeks, the weight gain rate (WGR) was significantly higher in E3 than in the other three groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while the survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) did not differ among groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In terms of physiological processes, lipase (LPS) and trypsin (TPS) activities were higher, expression levels of the immune-related gene lysozyme (<i>LZM</i>) were significantly higher, and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was significantly higher in E2 than in the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). E2 showed the highest ecdysone receptor (<i>EcR</i>) and retinoid X receptor (<i>RXR</i>) expression levels, related to molting regulation. In the intestinal microbiota, there were no differences in α-diversity indices among groups; however, E1 increased the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota. Consequently, while daily MD feeding (E3) maximized weight gain, intermittent feeding (E2) offered a superior balance between growth performance and physiological homeostasis, including digestion, immunity, and molting regulation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for precision farming of <i>C. quadricarinatus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9988505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly Described Copepod Apocyclops cmfri sp. nov. as a Potential Replacement for Artemia nauplii in the Larval Rearing of Vermiculated Spinefoot Rabbitfish (Siganus vermiculatus)","authors":"Suresh Babu Padinhate Purayil,&nbsp;Mini Kalapurakkal Gopalan,&nbsp;Sanal Ebeneezar,&nbsp;Anuraj Anirudhan,&nbsp;Tanveer Hussain,&nbsp;Mahendra Pal,&nbsp;Kiran Thomas Mathew,&nbsp;Sonali Suresh Mhaddolkar,&nbsp;Kalidas Chellappa,&nbsp;Suresh Vettath Raghavan,&nbsp;Shubhadeep Ghosh,&nbsp;Grinson George Padinjakara","doi":"10.1155/anu/7548728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7548728","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the suitability of a new copepod, <i>Apocyclops cmfri</i>, as a live feed for larval rearing of <i>Siganus vermiculatus</i>. Total length (TL) and mouth opening (MO) of rabbitfish larvae increased exponentially with age (initial TL = 2.04 ± 0.096 mm; growth rate = 0.0657 day⁻¹ ± 0.00166; <i>t</i>-values for a and <i>b</i> = 21.13 and 39.69; <i>p</i>  &lt; 0.001). Segmented regression analysis of MO–TL relationship identified a significant breakpoint at TL ≈ 8.96 mm (95% confidence interval), indicating a threshold for ingestion of <i>A. cmfri</i> adults and the gut content analysis confirmed the same. Feeding experiments from 22 day post hatch (dph), with larvae fed either <i>Artemia</i> nauplii alone at 5 or 1 individuals mL⁻¹ or a combination of <i>A. cmfri</i> (4 individuals mL⁻¹) and <i>Artemia</i> nauplii (1 individuals mL⁻¹) revealed that at 50 dph, larvae fed <i>Artemia</i> nauplii alone at 5 individuals mL⁻¹ achieved a length gain of 232.24% (survival 43.33%; metamorphosis rate 46.67%), which was not significantly different (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05) from that fed the combination of <i>A. cmfri</i> adults and <i>Artemia</i> nauplii (222.37% length gain, 40.0% survival; 43.66% metamorphosis rate). Essential amino acids constituted 59.58% and 50.58% of the total amino acids in <i>A. cmfri</i> adults and unenriched <i>Artemia</i> nauplii respectively. In <i>A. cmfri</i> adults, EPA and DHA were 2.1 and 3.8% (in 1:1.81 ratio) whereas in unenriched <i>Artemia</i> nauplii, the content was minimal. These findings support the use of <i>A. cmfri</i> as a viable partial replacement to <i>Artemia</i> nauplii for sustainable marine hatchery practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7548728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of L-Carnitine and Fenofibrate on Lipid Metabolism, Oxidative Status, and Flesh Quality of Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Mengjuan Zhao,&nbsp;Shaoyang Zhi,&nbsp;Chaobin Qin,&nbsp;Liping Yang,&nbsp;Guoxing Nie","doi":"10.1155/anu/1500743","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/1500743","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of dietary supplementation with L-carnitine and fenofibrate under high-fat (HF) diet conditions. Yellow River carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>; initial body weight 156 g) were assigned to control (CO), HF, L-carnitine supplements at 200 and 500 mg/kg (L200 and L500), and fenofibrate supplements at 200 and 500 mg/kg (F200 and F500). Each group consisted of three cages and was reared for 8 and 12 weeks to assess both short-term and long-term responses. At 8 weeks, compared to the CO group, the HF group showed a higher weight gain rate (WGR), intraperitoneal fat index (IFI), serum triglyceride (TG), intramuscular fat (IMF), and elevated hepatopancreas malondialdehyde (MDA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). At 12 weeks, only WGR decreased slightly compared to 8 weeks, whereas IMF, IFI, and MDA remained higher than the CO group (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Both L-carnitine and fenofibrate reduced IMF at 8 and 12 weeks and increased muscle hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. Additionally, the L500 increased the muscle glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) at 8 weeks, and the F200 increased the GSH-Px at 12 weeks (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Muscle fiber analysis showed reduced diameter and increased density in the L200 group at 8 weeks and increased fiber density in the F500 group at 12 weeks. At the molecular level, both supplementations upregulated muscle peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (<i>pgc-1α</i>), 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2 (<i>ampkα2</i>), and carnitine acyl transferase 1 (<i>cpt-1</i>), while lipogenic gene fatty acid synthase (<i>fas</i>) was downregulated in the F200 and F500 groups, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (<i>srebp1</i>) was reduced in the F500 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). At 12 weeks, <i>fas</i> remained downregulated in all supplementation groups, and <i>pgc-1α</i> remained upregulated in the L200 group, whereas <i>cpt-1</i>, <i>ampkα2</i>, and <i>pgc-1α</i> were increased in the F200 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Overall, L-carnitine and fenofibrate effectively mitigate HF-induced lipid overaccumulation and oxidative stress, thereby enhancing muscle structural integrity and nutritional value in Yellow River carp.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement of Fish Meal With Blends of Chicken By-Product Meal or Tuna By-Product Meal and Corn Protein Sources in Diets Supplemented With Jack Mackerel Meal: Impacts on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Biochemical Composition of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"Seong Woo Shin,&nbsp;Md. Rabiul Islam,&nbsp;Sung Hwoan Cho,&nbsp;Taeho Kim","doi":"10.1155/anu/7947942","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/7947942","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This experiment evaluates impacts of substituting different levels of fish meal (FM) with combinations of animal by-product and plant protein sources in diets supplemented with jack mackerel meal (JMM) on the growth, feed utilization, and biochemical composition of olive flounder (<i>P. olivaceus</i>). A three-way ANOVA (two animal by-product sources [chicken by-product meal (CBM) or tuna by-product meal (TBM)] × 2 plant protein sources [corn gluten meal (CGM) or corn protein concentrate (CPC)] × 2 levels of FM replacement [25% and 50%]) model was employed. The control (Con) diet included 60% FM. In the Con diet, 25% and 50% of FM were replaced with combinations of animal by-product (CBM or TBM) and plant (CGM or CPC) protein sources, and then 12% JMM was included as feed enhancer at the expense of FM. These experimental diets were named as the CBCG25, CBCG50, TBCG25, TBCG50, CBCP25, CBCP50, TBCP25, and TBCP50 dies, respectively. All diets were assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Six hundred and seventy-five juvenile (initial body weight of 4.25 g) were dispersed into 27 of 50 L tanks. Fish were hand-fed to satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. The TBM-containing diets exhibited significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.006, and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.005, respectively) higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed consumption (FC) of fish than the CBM-containing diets. Dietary higher (50%) FM replacement levels led to significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all) lower WG, SGR, and FC than dietary lower (25%) FM replacement levels. WG of fish fed the TBCG25 and TBCP25 diets was significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) higher than that of fish fed the CBCG50, TBCG50, CBCP50, and TBCP50 diets. SGR of fish fed the TBCG25 diet was significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) higher than that of fish fed the CBCG50, TBCG50, CBCP50, and TBCP50 diets. Fish fed the TBCG25 and TBCP25 diets led to significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.002) higher FC than those fed the CBCG50 and CBCP50 diets. Feed utilization, blood chemistry, and biochemical composition of fish, with exception of fatty acid (FA) profiles, were unaffected by dietary treatments. Conclusively, the TBCG25 and TBCP25 diets seems to be most viable option for optimizing WG, SGR, and FC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148720775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Dietary Effects of Tenebrio molitor Meal and Probiotics on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Pathogen Resistance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Sivaramasamy Elayaraja,&nbsp;Vlastimil Stejskal,&nbsp;Raja Subramaniyan,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Karn,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mabrok,&nbsp;Channarong Rodkhum","doi":"10.1155/anu/5390688","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/5390688","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prospective utilization of insects as alternative protein sources to replace fishmeal (FM) in aquafeed has prompted increased interest. This study evaluated the effects of yellow mealworm <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> (TML)-based diet supplemented with 2% mixed probiotics on growth performance and resistance to <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> infection in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). Six experimental diets were formulated. The control group (CTRL) received commercial feed containing 30% FM. In the experimental groups (T25P⁺, T50P⁺, and T100P⁺), FM was replaced with TML at inclusion rates of 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. The T50P^– group was identical to the T50P⁺ group but lacked probiotics, whereas the CTRLP⁺ group received the control diet (without TML) supplemented with 2% probiotics. Juvenile tilapia weighing 12.81 ± 1.37 g were fed the respective diets for 8 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, fish receiving the T50P⁺ diet exhibited superior overall performance, characterized by a significantly higher weight gain (WG; 91%) and survival rate (98%) compared with the CTRL (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). This group also demonstrated markedly enhanced digestive enzyme activities, including protease (30.5–34.7 U/mg), lipase (18.2–22.6 U/mg), and amylase (20.8–23.5 U/mg), alongside elevated lysozyme activity, improved antioxidant capacity, and stronger bactericidal activity. Although the T100P⁺ diet led to improvements in several parameters relative to the control, its overall performance remained inferior to that of the T50P⁺ group, indicating that partial replacement of FM was more effective than complete substitution. Furthermore, fish fed the T50P⁺ diet displayed enhanced fillet quality, evidenced by higher crude protein (CP) content (59.63%) and a moderate lipid level (29.73%). Following challenge with <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>, the T50P⁺ group showed a substantially reduced mortality rate (20%) compared with the CTRL (80%), confirming a pronounced improvement in disease resistance. Overall, the results suggest that replacing 50% of FM with TML in combination with probiotics enhances growth, nutrient utilization, immune function, and pathogen resistance in Nile tilapia. This TML–probiotic formulation represents a promising, sustainable, and effective alternative to conventional aquafeeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ulvan Microparticles for Encapsulation of Eucalyptus Essential Oil: Characterization, Release Behavior, and Stability in Aquafeeds","authors":"Nikoletta Tricha,&nbsp;Chrysanthos Stergiopoulos,&nbsp;Sofia Papadaki,&nbsp;Apostolos Tsoumanis,&nbsp;Magdalini Krokida","doi":"10.1155/anu/3902818","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3902818","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ulvan–lecithin microstructures were developed as a delivery platform for eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) in functional aquafeeds to improve phytobiotic retention, modulate gastrointestinal release, and enhance pellet stability during storage. Preliminary formulation screening compared ulvan-only and ulvan–lecithin systems containing different lecithin levels. Among the tested formulations, ulvan–1%–lecithin–EEO (U–L1–EEO) showed the most favorable overall profile, with the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE%, 76.4% ± 1.2%), the lowest surface-associated EEO fraction (23.6% ± 1.2%), a median particle size of 145.2 ± 4.8 μm, a narrow size distribution (span = 1.33 ± 0.04), and a negative ζ-potential (−31.6 ± 1.8 mV). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses supported the formation of a physically stabilized ulvan–lecithin matrix and the incorporation of EEO through mainly noncovalent interactions. In PBS (pH 7.4), U–L1–EEO exhibited sustained release, reaching ~90% after 24 h, with Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas modeling indicating diffusion-governed and anomalous transport behavior during the initial release phase. Under simulated <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i> gastrointestinal conditions, release was limited during the gastric phase (~12.7% at 90 min, pH 2.5) and increased markedly under intestinal conditions (~82% at 360 min, pH 7.5 with pancreatin and bile salts), indicating preferential intestinal release under the applied in vitro conditions. When incorporated into commercial aquafeed pellets at equivalent EEO inclusion (0.1% w/w), the encapsulated formulation improved accelerated storage stability (45°C, 70% RH, 28 days), reducing moisture uptake and peroxide value (PV) development while improving lipid and ω−3 retention, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content (TPC), pellet durability, hardness, fines resistance, and water stability. Ulvan–lecithin microencapsulation appears to be a promising proof-of-concept strategy for stabilizing volatile phytobiotics and improving the storage performance of functional aquafeeds, although in vivo validation and process-scale assessment are required before biological efficacy and industrial applicability can be confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Biorefinery Products From Microchloropsis gaditana, Isochrysis galbana, and Arthrospira platensis in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata): Effect on Growth, Nutrient Utilization, Chemical Composition, Metabolism, and Intestinal Functionality","authors":"Sara Flores-Moreno,&nbsp;Alba Galafat,&nbsp;Antonio J. Vizcaíno,&nbsp;Alejandro Blázquez-Durán,&nbsp;Verónica de las Heras,&nbsp;Marta Román,&nbsp;Paula Simó-Mirabet,&nbsp;Ismael Hachero-Cruzado,&nbsp;Elvira Navarro-López,&nbsp;Miguel Angel González-Cardoso,&nbsp;Mari Carmen Cerón-García,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Alarcón-López","doi":"10.1155/anu/1957808","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/1957808","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study evaluated the effects of replacing fish oil with microalgal oil on growth performance, nutrient utilization, chemical composition, metabolism and gut functionality in <i>Sparus aurata</i>. Three experimental diets were formulated with increasing levels of oils derived from the microalgae <i>Microchloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Isochrysis galbana</i> for replacing fish oil: 50% (MO50), 75% (MO75) to 100% (MO100) of total oil. All diets were also supplemented with a protein hydrolysate obtained from <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> to partially replace fishmeal, as well as with an algal carotenoid extract. A total of 198 fish (initial body weight 10.5 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distributed into 12,400 L tanks and fed the experimental diets <i>ad libitum</i> for 83 days under controlled conditions. Growth performance, feed efficiency and somatic indices were assessed, while muscle proximate composition, fatty acid and carotenoid profiles, plasma metabolites, and tissue glycogen were analyzed using standard biochemical and chromatographic techniques. Digestive enzyme activities (trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase) and well as intestinal histology were also evaluated. The results evidenced that use of microalgal oil did not affect fish growth. Fish fed diets supplemented with microalgal products tended to reduce muscle lipid content. Fish fed diets devoid fish oil showed an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content when microalgal oil was included. Plasma cortisol did not vary among experimental groups. The activity of foregut trypsin and alkaline phosphatase increased with the use of microalgal oil, while in the hindgut trypsin and leucine aminopeptidase activities were enhanced. The use of algal products promoted longer intestinal villi and reduced <i>lamina propria</i> thickness in the distal intestine. Overall, the results indicate that total replacement of fish oil with microalgal oil has no detrimental effects on growth performance, and exerts positive effect on specific fatty acids and intestinal functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Mushroom By-Products From Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus as Novel Feed Ingredients for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Diets","authors":"Carl John Saromines,&nbsp;Enric Gisbert,&nbsp;Samira Reinoso,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Tello Martín,&nbsp;Margarita Pérez Clavijo,&nbsp;Silvia Torrecillas","doi":"10.1155/anu/6294426","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/6294426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 60-day feeding trial evaluated meals derived from discarded mushroom biomass, including stems and nonmarketable mushrooms, generated during commercial cultivation and processing of <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (AB) and <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> (PO) as lower-impact alternatives to soybean meal (SBM) in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, BWi: 22.1 ± 0.3 g) diets. Five isoproteic (47%) and isolipidic (23%) diets were tested: a control diet and four diets replacing 25%–50% of SBM with AB or PO meals (AB25, AB50, PO25, PO50). Fish fed the AB25 diet showed growth performance, feed intake (FI), and nutrient utilization comparable to the control (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), whereas AB50 reduced growth (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) without affecting FI or nutrient utilization (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In contrast, PO inclusion caused a progressive decline in these parameters, more pronounced at PO50, accompanied by increased hepatosomatic index (HSI) and reduced perivisceral fat index (PFI) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Apparent protein digestibility decreased in the AB50 diet (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In PO-fed fish, digestive enzyme activities reflected adaptive responses to reduced FI, including lower pepsin (PEP) and higher total alkaline proteases (TAPs), trypsin (TRY), lipase (LIP), aminopeptidase-N (APN), and maltase (MAL) activities. Hematological and plasma markers remained within normal ranges, and liver histological organization was similar among treatments (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Hepatic glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased in PO diets (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas AB diets remained comparable to the control group (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Overall, mushroom by-product meals were physiologically safe for <i>O. mykiss</i>, while AB meal emerged as a promising circular alternative to SBM, supporting up to 25% replacement without compromising growth performance, feed efficiency, or nutrient utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13434034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}