Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Cholesterol during the Ovarian Maturation and Lipid Metabolism of Female Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Huixing Guo,&nbsp;Haokun Hua,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wang,&nbsp;Wei Qiang,&nbsp;Xiaoe Xiang,&nbsp;Wenbin Liu,&nbsp;Guangzhen Jiang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9933600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9933600","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In previous study, we found that the cholesterol requirement of <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> was 0.27%, to further investigate the effects of cholesterol on health status, ovarian maturation, and lipid metabolism of female <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> broodstock. Two diets containing 0% and 0.25% (actually 0.05% and 0.27%) cholesterol were fed to the female crabs (average weight: 49.21 ± 0.11 g) for 4 months and sampled once a month. The results showed that the body weight (BW), survival rate (SR), meat yield (MY), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> were significantly affected by treatment time and compared with the cholesterol deficient group, supplementing cholesterol significantly increased BW, HSI, and GSI (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In addition, long-term lack of cholesterol will lead to a significant decrease in the activity of ACP, AKP, and SOD and a significant increase in the content of MDA. The histological results showed that cholesterol significantly increased the volume of oocytes (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Further studies found that 0.27% cholesterol significantly increased the transcription levels of <i>vtg</i> and <i>vgr</i> in hepatopancreas and ovaries, which may be the main reason for the increase of oocyte size (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). When fed with 0.27% cholesterol diet, the contents of nutrients in hepatopancreas and ovaries increased significantly, especially lipids and cholesterol (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Through the analysis of mRNA expression level of genes related to lipid metabolism, it was found that cholesterol enhanced the transcription level of genes related to lipid synthesis and transport in hepatopancreas, thereby promoting the accumulation of lipid in the organism. Furthermore, compared with control group, the levels of juvenile hormone (JH), 17<i>β</i>-estradiol (E₂), methyl farnesoate (MF), and ecdysone in the organism were significantly increased after feeding a diet with 0.27% cholesterol (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In summary, supplementing an appropriate amount of cholesterol in the diet can improve the growth performance of <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> broodstock, enhance the body’s antioxidant and immune system, and promote the accumulation of nutrients in the ovaries, thereby promoting ovarian maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Antarctic Krill Meal in Diet on Reproductive Performance and Embryo Quality of Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Xiaorong Huang,&nbsp;Ru Tan,&nbsp;Zhi Geng,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Guangpeng Feng,&nbsp;Gang Yang,&nbsp;Feng Zhao,&nbsp;Ping Zhuang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9936529","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9936529","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary Antarctic krill meal on the reproductive performance and embryo quality of the Chinese mitten crab, <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>. Three diets were formulated, incorporating varying levels of Antarctic krill meal at 0% (Diet K0), 10% (Diet K10), and 20% (Diet K20), with a control group fed razor clam <i>Sinonovacula constricta</i>. Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicate tanks, each stocked with 5 males and 10 females. Male and female weights were 145.38 ± 8.01 and 102.57 ± 9.73 g, respectively. The results revealed no significant differences in weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and survival rate. However, the hepatopancreatic weight and hepatopancreas index of female crabs in each group decreased, while gonadal weight and gonadosomatic index increased significantly after 60 days, with Diet K20 showing the highest values. Egg production and fecundity of female crabs reached their peak in Diet K20, with no significant differences in reproductive indices among all groups. The phospholipid content in Diet K20 was significantly higher than in the other groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Cholesterol contents in Diet K0 and the control group were significantly higher than in Diet K10 and K20 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed in egg diameter, egg weight, moisture, crude protein, and crude fat between the groups. The content of C20 : 2 and C20 : 4n6 was highest in Diet K0, with a significant difference compared to Diet K10 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the total content of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids among all groups. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that the optimal level of Antarctic krill meal in diets is 20%.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139701622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Sodium Propionate on Growth Performance, Fillet Texture, Hematologic and Plasma Biochemical Parameter, Immune Responses, and Intestine Histology of Juvenile Trachinotus ovatus","authors":"Pengwei Xun,&nbsp;Qianqian Huang,&nbsp;Dexiang Feng,&nbsp;Wei Yu,&nbsp;Yukai Yang,&nbsp;Xusheng Guo,&nbsp;Heizhao Lin","doi":"10.1155/2024/9148613","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9148613","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seven graded levels of sodium propionate (SP) diets with 0 (SP1), 0.2% (SP2), 0.4% (SP3), 0.6% (SP4), 0.8% (SP5), 1.0% (SP6), and 1.2% (SP7) were prepared to feed <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i> (initial body weight: 8.64 ± 0.08 g) for 56 days. The results showed that increasing dietary SP levels quadratically increased significantly final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) of <i>T. ovatus</i> but linearly and quadratically decreased significantly viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of <i>T. ovatus</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In the SP4 treatment, FBW, WGR, and SGR presented the highest values. Both positive linear and quadratic trends were detected between crude lipid content of whole fish, adhesiveness of dorsal muscle, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), blood performance, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), intestinal villus height, and dietary SP level, while negative linear and quadratic trends were found between firmness of dorsal muscle, triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), and dietary SP level (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The increasing SP led to quadratic increases in lymphocyte (Lym), complement 3 (C3), chymotrypsin, villus number, and muscle layer thickness, and a quadratic decrease in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). A significant negative linear trend was found between the content of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and dietary SP level, while significant positive linear trends were presented between C4, immunoglobulin M (IgM), <i>α</i>-amylase and dietary SP level (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The increasing SP resulted in linear and quadratic increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of livers and C3, C4, IgM of head kidney (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (<i>TNF-α</i>) and interleukin-8 (<i>IL-8</i>) were linearly and quadratically decreased, while the mRNA levels of growth factor beta (<i>TGF-β</i>) were linearly and quadratically increased with the increasing SP level (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, SP could be considered as a beneficial feed additive for enhancing growth and immunity of fish. And dietary SP level at 0.6% is optimal for the growth of <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i> based on a quadratic regression model of WGR.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140492063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on the Effects of Four Plant Protein Sources on the Liver and Intestinal Health of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides","authors":"Shibin Yao,&nbsp;Wenjian Li,&nbsp;Chunfang Cai,&nbsp;Chengrui Wang,&nbsp;Jia Kang,&nbsp;Honglin Hu,&nbsp;Ping Wu,&nbsp;Xiamin Cao,&nbsp;Yuantu Ye","doi":"10.1155/2024/6337005","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6337005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of plant protein sources (PPSs) on the health of the liver and intestine of the largemouth bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>, were compared to verify the potential damaging effects of dietary fiber (DF). A diet containing 55% fish meal (FM) was used as the control. The test diets contained 25% soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM), cottonseed meal, or peanut meal, and the FM content was decreased to 30%. The protein and lipid contents of these five diets were balanced by casein and oil. Fish were raised for 8 weeks. The fish fed the diet containing PPS showed a trend of decreasing growth and apparent digestibility coefficients. The contents of total bile acid, lipid, and collagen in the liver were increased, and the mRNA expression levels of genes encoding inflammatory factors and enzymes involved in <i>de novo</i> fatty acid synthesis and bile acid synthesis were upregulated. Both the lipid and collagen contents in the liver were positively correlated with the DF content in the diet significantly. Morphology and histology showed reduced liver size, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis in fish fed diets containing PPS. The lowest hepatosomatic index was observed in fish fed the SBM diet, and the most severe damage was observed in fish fed the RSM diet. No obvious histological abnormalities were observed in the hindgut. The bile acid profile in the liver could be used to distinguish the types of PPS very well by Fisher discriminant analysis. These results indicated that 25% of each of the four PPSs in the diet exceeded the tolerance range of largemouth bass and caused liver damage, which might be mediated by bile acid. DF in PPS might be an important agent contributing to liver damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Hepatopancreas Health of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Fed Different Levels of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal for Fish Meal Replacement","authors":"Han Wang,&nbsp;Erchao Li,&nbsp;Qincheng Huang,&nbsp;Jiadai Liu,&nbsp;Yixin Miao,&nbsp;Xiaodan Wang,&nbsp;Chuanjie Qin,&nbsp;Jianguang Qin,&nbsp;Liqiao Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/6625061","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6625061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 56-day feeding trial assessed the effects of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance and hepatopancreas health of juvenile <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>. Six isoproteic and isolipidic diets with 0% (FM), 10% (BSFLM10), 20% (BSFLM20), 30% (BSFLM30), 40% (BSFLM40), or 50% (BSFLM50) replacement of fish meal by BSFLM were formulated. Compared to FM, replacing 10%–40% of fish meal with BSFLM did not significantly affect the weight gain rate (WGR) or specific growth rate (SGR), while BSFLM50 significantly decreased the WGR and SGR. Crabs fed BSFLM50 had significantly lower T-AOC activity than those fed other diets, and crabs fed BSFLM30, BSFLM40, or BSFLM50 had significantly lower activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas than those fed FM or BSFLM10. Compared to FM, BSFLM10, BSFLM20, and BSFLM30 did not affect the relative expression of genes related to the nonspecific immunity, while BSFLM40 and BSFLM50 upregulated the relative expression of these genes. Furthermore, histological analysis showed that the hepatopancreas was deformed in the BSFLM50 group, with widened lumens and loss of basal membrane integrity. In summary, BSFLM replacing 50% of fish meal reduced growth and structural damage to the hepatopancreas. An immune response was activated when the replacement level was over 30%. Therefore, the replacement level of dietary fish meal by BSFLM is recommended to be not more than 30% of the juvenile <i>E. sinensis</i> feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inositol Inclusion Affects Growth, Body Composition, Antioxidant Performance, and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Yinglin Xu,&nbsp;Ye Gong,&nbsp;Songlin Li,&nbsp;Yue Zhou,&nbsp;Zhixiao Ma,&nbsp;Ganfeng Yi,&nbsp;Naisong Chen,&nbsp;Weilong Wang,&nbsp;Xuxiong Huang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9944159","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9944159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study explored the effects of inositol on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant performance, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0 mg/kg (G1, control), 125 mg/kg (G2), 250 mg/kg (G3), 375 mg/kg (G4), 500 mg/kg (G5), and 625 mg/kg (G6) inositol were prepared and fed to cultured fish (initial weight: 110 ± 1 g) for 8 weeks in recirculating the aquaculture systems. The results indicated that compared with G1 group, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency rate (FER) in the G3 group were significantly higher. The crude lipid content of the whole fish and the liver of cultured fish was significantly reduced with increasing dietary inositol inclusion. However, no significant effects on moisture, crude protein, and ash contents of fish were observed among the different groups. Dietary inositol supplementation significantly increased muscular crude protein. However, muscular total lipid contents were decreased when the inclusion level was higher than 250 mg/kg (G3–G6 groups). As dietary inositol supplemental level increased, serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (TC) contents showed an increasing trend and reached the maximum value in the G3 group. Additionally, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in G2, G3, G4, and G5 groups was significantly upregulated by increasing inositol. While, there was no significant change in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the treatments. Inositol inclusion also significantly reduced the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (ALT), and glutamic–oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) activities as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content but significantly increased serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Compared with the control group, the activities of hepatic total lipase (TL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly elevated in the G3, G4, and G5 groups. Above all, dietary inositol supplementation could improve growth performance and antioxidant capacity, and reduce the liver fat content of largemouth bass, and the optimal supplementation level of inositol in feed is estimated to be 250.31–267.27 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139569490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tannic Acid Supplementation of a High-Carbohydrate Diet on the Growth, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidant Capacity, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Liver and Intestinal Health of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides","authors":"Yi Wang,&nbsp;Jianjun Wu,&nbsp;Luoxin Li,&nbsp;Yuanfeng Yao,&nbsp;Chiqing Chen,&nbsp;Yucong Hong,&nbsp;Yi Chai,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/6682798","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6682798","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated the effects of dietary tannic acid (TA) supplementation of a high-carbohydrate diet on growth, feed utilization, whole-body proximate composition, serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and liver and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> (initial mean weight: 8.08 ± 0.08 g). Five diets were prepared, including a positive control (dietary carbohydrate level, 16%, LC0), a negative control (dietary carbohydrate level, 21%, HC0), and three TA-supplementation diets based on the negative control diet with TA addition at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. After 8 weeks of feeding, the results showed that compared with the LC0 diet, 400–800 mg/kg dietary TA significantly improved the survival rate of largemouth bass (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) while significantly reducing its weight-gain rate and specific growth rate (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with the HC0 diet, 400 mg/kg dietary TA significantly increased serum catalase activity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde, liver glycogen, lightness (L<i> </i>^∗), and yellowness (b<i> </i>^∗) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, compared with the HC0 diet, 200–400 mg/kg dietary TA effectively improved the vacuolation of hepatocytes caused by the high-carbohydrate diet and reduced the occurrence of intestinal epithelial cell vacuolation and necrosis. In turn, 800 mg/kg dietary TA significantly inhibited protease activity in the pyloric caecum and intestine (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with TA inhibited protease activity, which resulted in decreased growth performance in largemouth bass. However, it was also found that 200–400 mg/kg TA enhanced the antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass in the case of the high-carbohydrate diet, reduced liver glycogen levels, and improved liver and intestinal health. Finally, it should be noted that, when the dietary TA level exceeded 800 mg/kg, TA appeared to play a pro-oxidation role in the liver, which may cause oxidative stress in the liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139563157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofloc Technology (BFT) in Aquaculture: What Goes Right, What Goes Wrong? A Scientific-Based Snapshot","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Khanjani,&nbsp;Moslem Sharifinia,&nbsp;Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano","doi":"10.1155/2024/7496572","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7496572","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture is a crucial industry that can help meet the increasing demand for aquatic protein products and provide employment opportunities in coastal areas and beyond. If incorrectly manage, traditional aquaculture methods can have negative impacts on the environment and natural resources, including water pollution and overuse of wild fish stocks as aquafeed ingredients. Biofloc technology (BFT) may offer a promising solution to some of these challenges by promoting a cleaner and sustainable production system. BFT converts waste into bioflocs, which serve as a natural food source for fish and shrimp within the culture system, reducing the need for external inputs, such as feed and chemicals. Moreover, BFT has the potential to improve yields and economic performance while promoting efficient resource utilization, such as water and energy. Despite its numerous advantages, BFT presents several challenges, such as high energy demand, high initial/running costs, waste (effluent, suspended solids, and sludge) management, opportunistic pathogens (<i>vibrio</i>) spread, and a lack of understanding of operational/aquatic/microbial dynamics. However, with further training, research, and innovation, these challenges can be overcome, and BFT can become a more widely understood and adopted technique, acting as an effective method for sustainable aquaculture. In summary, BFT offers a cleaner production option that promotes circularity practices while enhancing performance and economic benefits. This technique has the potential to address several challenges faced by the aquaculture industry while ensuring its continued growth and protecting the environment. A more broad BFT adoption can contribute to meeting the increasing demand for aquaculture products while reducing the industry’s negative impact on the environment and natural resources. In this context, this review provides an overview of the advantages and challenges of BFT and highlights key technical, biological, and economic aspects to optimize its application, promote further adoption, and overcome the current challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles Improved Growth and Health Indices in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Juveniles Reared in High Saline Water","authors":"Hamzeh Mohtashemipour,&nbsp;Takavar Mohammadian,&nbsp;Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh,&nbsp;Mehrzad Mesbah,&nbsp;Abdolhossein Jangaran Nejad","doi":"10.1155/2024/7480824","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7480824","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 60-day study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) on growth, digestive enzymes, and health status of Asian seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>, 46.5 ± 0.2 g) juveniles reared in high saline water (48 ppt). Five levels of SeNP were added to a basal diet (45% protein, 15% lipid), including control (0), 0.5 (SeNP0.5), 1.0 (SeNP1), 2 (SeNP2), and 4 (SeNP4) mg SeNP kg⁻¹ diet. Fish were stocked into fifteen 2,000 L tanks (50 fish tank⁻¹) filled with 1,800 L sand-filtered seawater (26.5 ± 1.5°C, 48.0 ± 0.2 ppt) in a flow-through system. Each dietary treatment was performed in three replicates. The growth rate positively increased in both linear and quadratic trends with increasing dietary SeNP level (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The liver Se concentration increased with increasing SeNP in diet (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Gut total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipase, and <i>α</i>-amylase activities were significantly enhanced in the SeNP4 group compared to the other treatments (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Antioxidant capacity improved in fish-fed SeNP2 and SeNP4 diets regarding catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and the liver glutathione content. Serum lysozyme and hemolytic activities and white blood cells’ respiratory burst activity in the control were lower than in fish-fed SeNP-supplemented diets. Serum total protein, globulin, and globulin/albumin ratio in fish-fed SeNP1, SeNP2, and SeNP4 diets were higher than the other groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The <i>interleukin-10</i> and <i>granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor</i> genes’ relative transcription levels in the gut of fish-fed SeNP4 were higher than the other groups. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, ALP, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in fish with increasing SeNP content in the diet. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with 4 mg kg⁻¹, SeNP was recommended to improve growth and health indices in <i>L. calcarifer</i> juveniles reared in high saline water (48 ppt).</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Fishmeal Substitution with Mealworm Meals (Tenebrio molitor and Alphitobius diaperinus) on the Growth, Physiobiochemical Response, Digesta Microbiome, and Immune Genes Expression of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"H-Michael Habte-Tsion,&nbsp;Matt Hawkyard,&nbsp;Wendy M. Sealey,&nbsp;David Bradshaw,&nbsp;Kala-Mallik Meesala,&nbsp;Deborah A. Bouchard","doi":"10.1155/2024/6618117","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6618117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 12-week growth trial was conducted to assess the effects of mealworm meals, as a substitution for fishmeal, on the growth, physiobiochemical responses, digesta microbiome, and immune-related genes expression of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>). Twenty Atlantic salmon parr (38.5 ± 0.1 g, initial weight) were stocked into each of 16 tanks in a recirculating aquaculture system. A fishmeal-based diet (100% FM) was used as the control treatment and was compared with three test diets where: (1) fishmeal was partially (50%) replaced with defatted mealworm meal, <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> (50% DMM), (2) fishmeal was fully replaced with defatted mealworm meal (100% DMM), and (3) fishmeal was partially replaced with whole lesser mealworm meal, <i>Alphitobius diaperinus</i> (50% WMM). All substitutions were done on a crude protein basis. Each of the four experimental diets was evaluated in quadruplicate tanks as part of randomized design. The results indicated that Atlantic salmon showed high survival (greater or equal to 98.8%), and no significant difference in final growth, feed efficiency, feces stability and condition indices. Hepatosomatic index was lower in fish fed 100% DMM and 50% WMM when compared to fish fed the control diet (100% FM). Whole-body proximate and amino acid compositions were not statistically different between treatments, while essential fatty acids, including linolenic, eicosapentaenoic acid, and homo-a-linolenic, were lower in fish fed 100% DMM. Plasma parameters (total protein, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total iron-binding capacity), hepatic peroxide, and antioxidant enzymes were not significantly affected by dietary substitutions, whereas plasma immunoglobulin M showed significantly higher levels in fish fed 50% DMM and 100% DMM when compared to fish fed the control diet (100% FM). The inclusion of mealworm meals significantly impacted the overall microbiome composition but not the richness and evenness of the salmon digesta microbiomes compared to control. The most common genus in all treatments was <i>Pseudomonas</i>, which has been previously shown to have both commensal and pathogenic members. The relative expressions of growth (IGF-I) and protein synthesis (TIPRL) were not significantly different between the treatments, whereas immunoglobulin genes (IgM, IgD, and IgT) were significantly upregulated in fish fed the DMM diets when compared to fish fed the control diet. Overall, this study suggests that the mealworm meals tested could be suitable alternatives to fishmeal in the diet of Atlantic salmon.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}