Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Cholesterol Modifies Nutritional Values and Flavor Qualities in Female Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus)","authors":"Tingting Zhu,&nbsp;Min Jin,&nbsp;Hongyu Peng,&nbsp;Wenli Zhao,&nbsp;Yuedong Shen,&nbsp;Shichao Xie,&nbsp;Qicun Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2024/7067588","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7067588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quality of crustacean aquatic products is affected by feed. Cholesterol (CHO), an essential element for crustacean growth, has been widely supplemented in diet, but its food quality regulation remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary CHO levels (0.12%, 1.00%, and 2.50%) on the nutritional value and flavor quality in the edible parts of female swimming crabs (<i>Portunus trituberculatus</i>). Results showed that dietary CHO levels significantly increased lipid content in the hepatopancreas and promoted the accumulation of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in the hepatopancreas and muscle by activating the gene expression related to biosynthesis pathways. However, with dietary CHO levels increased, protein content in muscle decreased significantly. This may be related to dietary CHO supplementation (especially 2.50% CHO level) suppressed amino acid accumulation in the hepatopancreas and muscle by downregulating the target of the rapamycin pathway and upregulating amino acid catabolism-related genes. Moreover, 1.00% CHO treatment had higher relative levels of volatiles, producing grassy, fruity, and fatty odors in muscle, which may be due to the upregulation of the branched-chain amino acid transaminase (<i>bcat</i>) expression level. Dietary CHO weakened nucleotide and free amino acid accumulation in hepatopancreas and muscle. Overall, this study suggests that dietary 1.00% CHO level had higher LC-PUFA and pleasing flavor substances in muscle but was not conducive to hepatopancreatic protein and flavor nucleotide deposition of swimming crab.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Betaine Alleviates High-Fat Diet Induced Excessive Lipid Deposition in Gibel Carp Hepatopancreas and L8824 Cells by Enhancing VLDL Secretion through HNF4α/MTTP Pathway","authors":"Xiaojing Dong,&nbsp;Jianqiao Wang,&nbsp;Mengjie Zhao,&nbsp;Xuedi Du,&nbsp;Hongying Fan,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Fu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Gong,&nbsp;Shuyan Miao","doi":"10.1155/2024/8886237","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8886237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Betaine, a methyl donor, plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism. Previous studies have shown that appropriate betaine supplementation in a high-fat diet reduces triglycerides (TG) of serum and hepatopancreas in fish. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study examined whether betaine can enhance the secretion of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and sought to identify the specific mechanisms through which this enhancement occurs. A lipid accumulation model was established in gibel carp and L8824 cells using a high-fat diet and oleic acid, respectively. Different doses of betaine (1, 4, and 16 g/kg in the diet; 400 <i>μ</i>mol in cell culture) were administered, and measurements were taken for lipid deposition, gene expression of HNF4<i>α</i>, MTTP, and ApoB, as well as the regulation of <i>Mttp</i> and <i>Apob</i> promoters by HNF4<i>α</i>. The results showed that betaine supplementation mitigated lipid droplet accumulation, TG levels, and VLDL production induced by the high-fat diet in gibel carp hepatopancreas and L8824 cells. Moreover, betaine not only increased VLDL content in the cell culture supernatant but also reversed the inhibitory effects of the high-fat diet on protein expression of MTTP, ApoB, and HNF4<i>α</i> in both gibel carp hepatopancreas and L8824 cells. Additionally, HNF4<i>α</i> exhibits transactivating activity on the promoter of <i>Mttp</i> in gibel carp. These findings suggest that betaine supplementation exerts its effects through the HNF4<i>α</i>/MTTP/ApoB pathway, promoting the assembly and secretion of VLDL and effectively reducing lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas of farmed gibel carp fed a high-fat diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Moringa oleifera, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Microbiota in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Mingxuan Guan,&nbsp;Junfeng Guan,&nbsp;Haotian Zhang,&nbsp;Dikuang Peng,&nbsp;Xiaotong Wen,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Zhang,&nbsp;Qing Pan","doi":"10.1155/2024/1755727","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1755727","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To exploit aquatic animals’ feed resources and functional ingredients and additives, this experiment investigated the effects (a 2 × 2 factorial trial) and mechanism of woody plants and probiotics on Nile tilapia. Each treatment group was randomly assigned triplicate nets of 40 fish (initial body weight of 35.04 ± 0.01 g) in 12 tanks for 56 days. Fish were fed four diets, including a CON–CON diet (with no supplementation) and CON–Ba (basal diet + 1 × 10⁷ CFU/g <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>), MO-CON (basal diet + 10% <i>Moringa oleifera</i>) and MO-Ba (basal diet + 1 × 10⁷ CFU/g <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> + 10% <i>Moringa oleifera</i>) until apparent satiation (2 meals/day). The results showed that the MO diet had a lower feed conversion ratio than the non-MO diets (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The weight gain in the Ba group was significantly higher than those in the groups without Ba treatment (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Both MO and Ba improved the morphological indices when applied individually (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Ba supplementation improved the activities of digestive enzymes (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). MO significantly upregulated the gene expression of <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-10</i>, and <i>C3</i> in the spleen of Nile tilapia (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), while Ba significantly upregulated the gene expression of <i>IL</i>-6 and C3 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The microbiological analyses showed that the abundances of beneficial bacteria increased, and the relative abundances of pathogenic bacteria decreased in fish-fed MO. In conclusion, dietary MO and Ba can effectively improve the immunity of Nile tilapia, while Ba can enhance the activities of digestive enzymes. The synergistic effect of MO and Ba on the intestinal microbiota of Nile tilapia promotes growth, thus showing promising application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus Extract Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Energy Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Xuanshu He,&nbsp;Anqi Chen,&nbsp;Zhihong Liao,&nbsp;Jian Zhong,&nbsp;Anda Cheng,&nbsp;Xinghua Xue,&nbsp;Fuyuan Li,&nbsp;Mengdie Chen,&nbsp;Rong Yao,&nbsp;Wei Zhao,&nbsp;Jin Niu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3893671","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3893671","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The present study investigated the effects of &lt;i&gt;Astragalus membranaceus&lt;/i&gt; extract (AME) on growth performance, immune response, and energy metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (&lt;i&gt;Micropterus salmoides&lt;/i&gt;). Seven diets containing 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.6% AME (Con, AME0.1, AME0.2, AME0.3, AME0.4, AME0.5, and AME0.6 groups) were formulated and fed to &lt;i&gt;M. salmoides&lt;/i&gt; for 8 weeks. Final body weight (FBW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were all significantly higher in AME0.4 group than in Con group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly improved in AME0.5 group compared with Con group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Whole-body crude protein contents were significantly increased in AME0.2 group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Whole-body crude lipid contents were significantly lower in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups, while muscle lipid was upregulated by dietary AME (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly lowered in AME0.3 and AME0.4 groups, and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased in AME0.1 and AME0.2 groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was significantly lowered in AME0.5, and AME0.6 groups, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was lowered in AME0.5 groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Plasma triglyceride was declined in AME0.6 group, and glucose was decreased by 0.3%−0.5% AME (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Significantly higher hepatocyte diameter, lamina propria width, and submucosal layer thickness were recorded in AME0.6 groups, while the longest villi height was obtained in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (&lt;i&gt;igf1&lt;/i&gt;) revealed the growth-promoting effect of AME. The anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of AME were demonstrated by transcription levels of interleukin 8 (&lt;i&gt;il-8&lt;/i&gt;), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (&lt;i&gt;tnf-a&lt;/i&gt;), caspase, B-cell lymphoma-xl (&lt;i&gt;Bcl-xl&lt;/i&gt;), bcl-2 associated x (&lt;i&gt;Bax&lt;/i&gt;), and bcl-2-associated death protein (&lt;i&gt;Bad&lt;/i&gt;). The transcription levels of lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis related genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (&lt;i&gt;acc1&lt;/i&gt;), fatty acid synthase (&lt;i&gt;fasn&lt;/i&gt;), fatty acid binding protein 1 (&lt;i&gt;fabp1&lt;/i&gt;), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (&lt;i&gt;pepck2&lt;/i&gt;), and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1a (&lt;i&gt;g6pc&lt;/i&gt;), were reduced by AME treatment, while the levels of glycolysis-related genes, including glucokinase (&lt;i&gt;gck&lt;/i&gt;) and pyruvate kinase (&lt;i&gt;pk&lt;/i&gt;), were the highest in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). According to polynomial regression analysis of SGR, WG, FCR, whole-body crude lipid, MDA, and ALT, the optimal AME supplementation level was estimated to be 0.320%−0.429% of the diet. These results provided insights into the roles of AME in regulating immunity and metabolism, which highly indicated its potential as immunostimulants and metab","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) Growth, Intestinal Health, and Muscle Quality","authors":"Hao Liu,&nbsp;Ruitao Xie,&nbsp;Weibin Huang,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Yang,&nbsp;Menglong Zhou,&nbsp;Baiquan Lu,&nbsp;Biao Li,&nbsp;Beiping Tan,&nbsp;Xiaohui Dong","doi":"10.1155/2024/3920254","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3920254","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the effects of varying doses of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the growth, intestinal health, and muscle quality of hybrid grouper. Four diets with varying AFB1 concentrations (0, 30, 445, and 2,230 <i>μ</i>g kg⁻¹) were used. Elevating AFB1 concentrations led to a decline in growth indexes, specifically the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate, although the survival rate remained unchanged. Morphological indicators showed a dose-dependent decline with AFB1 exposure. Intestinal MDA content and hindgut reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased, while antioxidant indexes and digestive enzymes decreased with higher AFB1 levels. AFB1 negatively influenced hindgut tight junction protein and antioxidant-related gene expression while promoting inflammation-related gene expression. The presence of AFB1 in the experiment led to a decrease in beneficial intestinal bacteria, such as <i>Prevotella</i>, and an increase in harmful intestinal bacteria, such as <i>Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group</i>. Muscle lipid and unsaturated fatty acid content significantly decreased, while muscle protein and liver AFB1 content increased dramatically with higher AFB1 concentrations. AFB1 caused myofibrillar cleavage and myofilament damage, leading to increased spaces between muscle fibers. In conclusion, diets with AFB1 levels exceeding 30 <i>μ</i>g kg⁻¹ inhibited hybrid grouper growth, while levels surpassing 445 <i>μ</i>g kg⁻¹ resulted in hindgut ROS accumulation, inflammation, elevated intestinal permeability, reduced digestive enzyme activity, and compromised muscle quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on Effects of Three Butyric Acid-Producing Additives on the Growth Performance, Non-specific Immunity, and Intestinal Microbiota of the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus","authors":"Longzhen Liu,&nbsp;Cong Wei,&nbsp;Yongmei Li,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang,&nbsp;Yuze Mao,&nbsp;Xiangli Tian","doi":"10.1155/2024/6973951","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6973951","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The providers of butyric acid, <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> (CB), sodium butyrate (SB), and tributyrin (TB), have been extensively studied as aquafeed additives in recent years. However, no comparative study has been reported on the probiotic effects of CB, SB, and TB as feed additives on sea cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>). A 63-day feeding trial was performed to assess the effects of dietary live cells of <i>C. butyricum</i> (CB group, the basal diet supplemented with 1% CB), sodium butyrate (SB group, the basal diet supplemented with 1% SB), and tributyrin (TB group, the basal diet supplemented with 1% TB) on the growth, non-specific immunity, and intestinal microbiota of <i>A. japonicus</i> with a basal diet group as the control. Results indicated that all three additives considerably increased <i>A. japonicus</i> growth, with dietary CB having the optimal growth-promoting effect. Of the seven non-specific enzyme parameters measured in coelomocytes of <i>A. japonicus</i> (i.e., the activities of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, catalase, and lysozyme), dietary CB, SB, and TB considerably increased the activities of six, five, and six of them, respectively. The immune genes (<i>Aj</i>-p105, <i>Aj</i>-p50, <i>Aj</i>-rel, and <i>Aj</i>-lys) expression in the mid-intestine tissues of <i>A. japonicus</i> was significantly increased by all three additives. The CB group had the highest expression of all four genes. Additionally, the relative expression of <i>Aj</i>-p105, <i>Aj</i>-p50, and <i>Aj</i>-lys genes was significantly up-regulated in the three additive groups after stimulation with inactivated <i>Vibrio splendidus</i>. Dietary CB enhanced the intestinal microbial diversity and richness in <i>A. japonicus</i> while dietary TB decreased them. Meanwhile, dietary CB, SB, and TB significantly enhanced the abundance of Firmicutes, <i>unclassified_f_Rhodobacteraceae</i>, and Proteobacteria, respectively, while dietary CB and SB reduced the abundance of <i>Vibrio</i>. Dietary CB and SB improved the stability of microbial ecosystem in the intestine of <i>A. japonicus</i>. In contrast, dietary TB appeared to have a negative effect on the stability of intestinal microbial ecosystem. All three additives improved the intestinal microbial functions associated with energy production and immunity regulation pathways, which may contribute directly to growth promotion and non-specific immunity enhancement in <i>A. japonicus</i>. Collectively, in terms of enhancing growth and non-specific immunity, as well as improving intestinal microbiota, dietary live cells of <i>C. butyricum</i> exhibited the most effective effects in <i>A. japonicus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Replacement of Fishmeal and Fish Oil by Poultry Byproduct Meal and Mixed Oil: Effects on the Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Muscle Quality of Tiger Puffer","authors":"Lili Zhao,&nbsp;Lin Li,&nbsp;Feiran Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Yanlu Li,&nbsp;Jian Liu,&nbsp;Yuliang Wei,&nbsp;Mengqing Liang,&nbsp;Qiang Ma,&nbsp;Houguo Xu","doi":"10.1155/2024/1402602","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1402602","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined replacement of fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) with poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and mixed oil (MO, poultry oil: coconut oil = 1 : 1) on growth performance, body composition and muscle quality of tiger puffer (<i>Takifugu rubripes</i>). Fish with an average initial body weight of 14.29 g were selected for the feeding experiment. FM accounting for 0%, 5%, and 10% of the diet was replaced by PBM. For each grade of FM replacement, 5% FO or MO was used as added oil. The six experimental diets were designated as FO-FM, MO-FM, FO-5PBM, MO-5PBM, FO-10PBM, and MO-10PBM, respectively. Each treatment was performed in triplicate with 30 fish per replicate. The feeding period was 45 days. There was no significant difference in growth performance among the groups. Dietary supplementation of both PBM and MO had marginal effects on whole-fish proximate composition, except that dietary MO supplementation significantly increased the liver moisture content. In serum, there were no significant differences in contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, total bile acid, and protein carbonyl among groups, but the malondialdehyde content was reduced by MO. The fatty acid composition in fish mirrored those in the diets, but the omega-3 sparing effects of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid in MO can still be observed. Dietary PBM and MO had marginal effects on free amino acid composition and texture of fish muscle, but exerted complicated effects on the muscle volatile flavor compound composition. In conclusion, combined fishmeal (10% of the diet) and fish oil (5% of the diet) replacement with poultry byproduct and mixed oil (poultry oil + coconut oil) had no adverse effects on the growth performance and body proximate composition of farmed tiger puffer. However, these replacements changed the muscle flavor compound profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The P4’ Peptide-Carrying Bacillus subtilis in Cottonseed Meal Improves the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Innate Immunity, Redox Defense, and Growth Performance","authors":"Chao-Fan He,&nbsp;Wei Xiong,&nbsp;Xiang-Fei Li,&nbsp;Guang-Zhen Jiang,&nbsp;Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Zi-Shang Liu,&nbsp;Wen-Bin Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3147505","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3147505","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study developed a recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> to carry the LGSPDVIVIR peptide (cmP4) isolated from the hydrolyzed products of cottonseed meal with excellent antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties in vitro. It was carried as a tandem of five cmP4 peptides (cmP4’) to be stably expressed on a large scale. Then, its effectiveness was evaluated in Chinese mitten crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) based on growth performance, redox defense, and innate immunity. A total of 280 crabs (mean body weight: 41.40 ± 0.14) were randomly assigned to seven diets including a control one (without <i>B. subtilis</i>) and six experimental ones with different doses (10⁷,10⁸, and 10⁹ CFU/kg) of unmodified and recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i>, respectively, for 12 weeks. Each diet was tested in four tanks of crabs (10/tank). In terms of bacterial dosages, the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), hemolymph and hepatopancreatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lysosome (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and hepatopancreatic transcriptions of <i>cat</i>, mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (<i>mtmnsod</i>), thioredoxin-1 (<i>trx1</i>), and prophenoloxidase (<i>propo</i>) all increased significantly with increasing <i>B. subtilis</i> dosages, while hemolymph and hepatopancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the transcriptions of toll like receptors (<i>tlrs</i>), NF-<i>κ</i>B-like transcription factor (<i>relish</i>), and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-<i>α</i> factor (<i>litaf</i>) all decreased remarkably. In terms of bacterial species, the recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i> group obtained significantly high values of FW, WG, hemolymph, and hepatopancreatic activities of SOD, CAT, LZM, ACP, and AKP, and the transcriptions of <i>mtmnsod</i>, peroxiredoxin 6 (<i>prx6</i>), and <i>propo</i> compared with the unmodified <i>B. subtilis</i>, while opposite results were noted in hemolymph and hepatopancreatic MDA content and the transcriptions of <i>tlrs</i>, <i>relish</i>, and <i>litaf</i>. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 10⁹ CFU/kg of recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i> can improve the growth performance, redox defense, and nonspecific immunity of <i>E. sinensis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Dietary Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Growth, Digestive Capacity, Antioxidant, and Intestine Health of the Juvenile Redclaw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus","authors":"Zongzheng Jiang,&nbsp;Dunwei Qian,&nbsp;Zhenye Liang,&nbsp;Sen Wu,&nbsp;Fenglu Han,&nbsp;Chang Xu,&nbsp;Meili Chi,&nbsp;Erchao Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/8767751","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8767751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study was an 8-week feeding trial investigating the effects of lysine and threonine supplementation in vegetable-based diets on growth, antioxidative capacity, and gut microbiota of juvenile redclaw crayfish, <i>Cherax quadricarinatus</i> (initial weight 11.52 ± 0.23 g). The lysine and threonine were supplemented to formulate five isonitrogenous (37%) and isolipidic (9%) diets containing 0% (control), 0.2% lysine (L0.2), 0.2% threonine (T0.2), 0.4% lysine (L0.4), and 0.4% threonine (T0.4), respectively. Compared to the control, weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of <i>C. quadricarinatus</i> significantly increased with increasing dietary lysine and threonine supplementation from 0.2% to 0.4% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Hepatopancreas trypsin activity significantly increased with increasing levels of lysine and threonine in diets (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). However, the pepsin, lipase, and amylase activities were not affected by dietary levels of lysine and threonine (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). Compared with the control, crayfish in T0.4 and L0.4 showed significantly higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Supplementation with 0.4% lysine significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), which showed a significantly increased relative abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i> and decreased <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Actinomycetes</i>, and <i>Pontomyces</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that the abundance of the metabolism and cellular processes pathways in the L0.4 group were markedly decreased compared with the control (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, a tighter interaction of the microbiota community in crayfish was observed in the T0.4 experimental group. In conclusion, these results suggested that dietary supplementation with 0.4% threonine could significantly promote growth and improve microbial health in juvenile <i>C. quadricarinatus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Phytol Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immunological Parameters, Intestinal Bacteria, and Prevention of Oxidative Stress Following Transportation of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Saman Ahani,&nbsp;Sara Ahani,&nbsp;Morteza Yousefi,&nbsp;Ali Taheri Mirghaed,&nbsp;Afaf N. Abdel Rahman","doi":"10.1155/2024/7039179","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7039179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>, (2.00 ± 0.02 g) were reared in 16 70-L tanks (40 individual/tank) and fed diets (approx. 345 g/kg protein, approx. 87 g/kg crude fat) containing 0 (CTL), 75 (PH-75), 150 (PH-150), and 300 (PH-300) mg/kg phytol (<i>n</i> = 4). After 60 days of feeding (4% daily), growth performance, humoral immune parameters, and gut bacteria were analyzed. Also, hepatic antioxidant parameters were determined before and after the fish were transported in plastic bags for 6 hr. The results showed that PH-75 exhibited the highest final weight (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), weight gain (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), feed intake (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), feed efficiency (<i>P</i> = 0.015), plasma lysozyme activity (<i>P</i> = 0.004), and intestinal <i>Lactobacillus</i> sp. population (<i>P</i> = 0.017), among the treatments. The highest plasma alternative complement activity (<i>P</i> = 0.006) and the lowest intestinal total viable bacteria (<i>P</i> = 0.027) were observed in PH-75 and PH-150. The highest plasma alkaline phosphatase activities were observed in PH-75 and PH-300 (<i>P</i> = 0.014). The highest blood leukocyte (<i>P</i> = 0.008), monocyte (<i>P</i> = 0.010), and eosinophil (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) were observed in PH-300, while the highest blood neutrophil was observed in all phytol treatments (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The highest hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in PH-300, whereas PH-75 and PH-150 showed the lowest values (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The highest hepatic reduced glutathione was observed in PH-75, also PH-150 exhibited significant elevation in this parameter, compared to CTL (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Transportation led to significant elevations in the hepatic antioxidant enzymes’ activities in CTL, PH-75, and PH-150; the highest activities were related to PH-75 and PH-150 treatments, which had also the highest post-transportation survivals (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, phytol is a suitable feed supplement for Nile tilapia, improving growth performance and welfare, particularly at 75 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}