Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Substituting Soybean Meal With Rapeseed Green Cake: A Holistic Assessment of Growth, Metabolic Response, and Intestinal Status in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Zetian Xia,&nbsp;Haifeng Mi,&nbsp;Mingchun Ren,&nbsp;Dongyu Huang,&nbsp;Xiaoru Chen,&nbsp;Hualiang Liang,&nbsp;Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1155/anu/5621022","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/5621022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated rapeseed green cake (RGC) as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in diets for juvenile largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>; 15.63 ± 0.30 g). Five isonitrogenous (47.64%) and isolipidic (11.9%) diets replaced 0% (RGC0), 25% (RGC25), 50% (RGC50), 75% (RGC75), or 100% (RGC100) of SBM protein with RGC. Fish were fed for 8 weeks. The RGC75 group showed significantly lower WGR and SGR and higher CF, whereas SR, FCR, VSI, and HSI were not affected. However, no significant differences were observed in whole-body composition. Blood analysis revealed reduced total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at RGC ≥ 50 and decreased total protein (TP) at RGC ≥ 75. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) decreased at RGC100, while glucose (GLU) peaked at RGC75/RGC100. Gene expression indicated suppressed protein synthesis (<i>mtor</i>, <i>rps6k</i>, and <i>igf1</i>) at RGC75 and significantly suppressed lipid synthesis (<i>pparγ</i> and <i>fas</i> at RGC75/RGC100; <i>srebp1</i> at RGC100). Gluconeogenesis (<i>g6pase</i>) increased at RGC75/RGC100, while glycolysis (<i>gk</i>) decreased at RGC ≥ 50. Intestinal health markers showed elevated glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) at RGC100 and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity at RGC ≥ 50. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of <i>nf-κb</i> and downregulation of <i>il-10</i> at RGC levels ≥ 50. Downregulation of <i>nrf2</i> and <i>gpx</i> occurred at RGC levels ≥ 75. <i>Il-8</i> expression increased specifically at the RGC100 level. Villus height was significantly reduced at RGC100, accompanied by downregulated expression of tight junction proteins (<i>occludin</i> and <i>claudin-1</i>) at RGC ≥ 75; intestinal epithelial detachment occurred at RGC100, while goblet cell density increased at moderate RGC replacement (RGC50) but decreased at RGC100. Considering growth, metabolism, and gut health, RGC50 (50% SBM replacement) was optimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13189470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasting Reveals the Effects of a Plant Extract- and Microalgae-Derived Nutraceutical on Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Physiology in Juvenile Sparus aurata Fed a Plant-Based Diet","authors":"Anyell Caderno,&nbsp;Milagrosa Oliva,&nbsp;Alba Galafat,&nbsp;Antonio Astola,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Alarcón-López,&nbsp;Juan Miguel Mancera,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha","doi":"10.1155/anu/9345086","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/9345086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the effects of a plant-based diet supplemented with a nutraceutical derived from plant extracts and microalgae on hepatic function and lipid metabolism during a fasting challenge. Juvenile <i>Sparus aurata</i> were fed three experimental diets for 90 days, followed by 14 days of feed deprivation. The diets consisted of: (i) a control formulation representative of commercial feeds for the species (C+: 20% fishmeal [FM], 9% fish oil [FO]); (ii) a low-FM, predominantly plant-based diet containing 5% FM and 5% FO (C‒); and (iii) the same C‒ diet supplemented with 1% <i>LB-LIVERprotect</i> nutraceutical (LP). LP supplementation improved specific aspects of fatty acid composition in mesenteric fat, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content and the omega-3/omega-6 ratio. These changes were potentially associated with increased hepatic expression of desaturases (<i>fads2</i> and <i>scd1a</i>). Fish in the LP group also exhibited a higher mesenteric index (MSI), together with hepatic upregulation of key genes involved in lipid catabolism (<i>lpl</i>, <i>hl</i>, <i>atgl</i>, and <i>hsl</i>). Following feed deprivation, a marked reduction in both MSI and the expression of lipid catabolic genes supported active mobilization of mesenteric fat in LP-fed fish. This response was accompanied by signs of hepatic protection during fasting, including preserved energy reserves, a higher hepatosomatic index (HSI), and reduced hepatocyte atrophy. Moreover, LP supplementation partially attenuated several adverse effects observed in the C‒ group, such as elevated plasma cortisol levels and increased indicators of energy demand during fasting. Consistently, LP-fed fish showed fewer signs of fasting-induced liver damage, as reflected by an approximately 3.4-fold lower plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity compared to the C‒ group. Overall, <i>LB-LIVERprotect</i> shows potential to support fish health and tissue integrity during feed deprivation and to mitigate some of the negative effects associated with plant-based aquafeeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13189500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fish Meal Replacement by Complex Protein on Growth Performance, Metabolism, and Health of Triploid Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Hongdian Zhu,&nbsp;Dong Huang,&nbsp;Rui Ma,&nbsp;Guoliang Sun,&nbsp;Zezhong Wu,&nbsp;Haining Tian,&nbsp;Yuqiong Meng","doi":"10.1155/anu/7379050","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/7379050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comprehensive investigation was conducted to evaluate dietary fish meal (FM) replacement by a complex protein blend composed of soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, corn gluten meal, wheat gluten, and blood cell powder in triploid rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). Five isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isolipidic (24% crude lipid) diets with graded FM substitution levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were fed for 12 weeks. Complete FM replacement did not significantly affect survival, weight gain rate, or feed conversion ratio (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, these growth-related outcomes occurred together with clear changes in body composition, nutrient metabolism, and health-related indicators. In particular, complete replacement was associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, increased hepatic MDA content, altered digestive and metabolic responses, and changes in intestinal morphology and immune-related gene expression. These results indicate that complete FM replacement with the tested complex protein blend maintained short-term growth performance in subadult triploid rainbow trout but also induced clear signs of hepatic stress and intestinal inflammatory activation. Therefore, 100% replacement should not be regarded as a fully validated or risk-free strategy for aquaculture production, and its suitability should be interpreted cautiously despite the maintenance of growth during the 12-week trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147980179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Effects of a Lipid-Lowering Strain Lactobacillus plantarum 58 Isolated From Dregs Vinegar on Metabolism-Related Gene Expression, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Biomarkers of Hybrid Grouper Under High-Fat Diets","authors":"Huizhong Shi,&nbsp;Liu Jiang,&nbsp;Yan Cai,&nbsp;Zihan Chen,&nbsp;Yongchao Hu,&nbsp;Yongcan Zhou,&nbsp;Jianlong Li,&nbsp;Dongdong Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenjie Cao,&nbsp;Shifeng Wang","doi":"10.1155/anu/4888310","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/4888310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> 58 (lactic acid bacteria [LAB] 58), isolated from vinegar dregs, was incorporated at 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g diet into the feeds of hybrid groupers to assess its lipid-lowering efficacy under normal (7.52 % lipid) or high-fat (14.83 % lipid) regimens. A 2 × 2 factorial design generated four diets: C (normal), H (high-fat), C58 (normal + LAB 58), and H58 (high-fat + LAB 58). Serum biochemical parameters tests, histological section, and Oil Red O staining results indicated that in both LAB 58-supplemented groups (C58 and H58), serum triglycerides and total cholesterol (T-CHO) declined regardless of basal lipid content, and hepatic fat vacuolation and lipid-droplet accumulation were markedly curtailed. The qPCR data revealed that LAB 58 elevated the levels of hepatic lipolysis genes (adipose triglyceride lipase [ATGL], carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 [CPT-1], farnesoid X receptor [FXR], and lipoprotein lipase [LPL]) while simultaneously suppressing lipid synthesis gene expressions (fatty acid synthase [FAS] and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 [SCD-1]) in the H58 group compared with the H group. Gut-microbiota profiling showed a pronounced Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes shift, driven by increased Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospiraceae-UCG-004; the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. surged, especially in the H58 group. Metabolomic analysis of intestinal contents further disclosed elevated levels of beneficial fatty acids—linoleic and α-linolenic acids in H58 group. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that LAB 58 alleviates lipid metabolic disorders by modulating hepatic gene expression, restructuring the gut microbiota, and enhancing beneficial metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13183794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147980230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus spp. in Fish Farming: Enhancing Fish Performance, Health and Farming Practices","authors":"Yaoying Lu,&nbsp;Natasha B. Bambridge,&nbsp;Xiaojing Chen,&nbsp;Yunjiang Feng","doi":"10.1155/anu/3323307","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3323307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture has become a crucial component of global food and nutrition security, offering a sustainable alternative to meet the growing demand for seafood while alleviating pressure on wild fish populations. Among various strategies to enhance aquaculture productivity, probiotics have gained considerable attention for their ability to improve fish growth performance, overall health and environmental farming conditions. This review explores the potential of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. as probiotics in fish farming, with particular emphasis on <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>B. licheniformis</i>, <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i>, <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>B. coagulans</i> and <i>B. megaterium</i>. Evidence indicates that <i>Bacillus</i> spp. can enhance fish growth performance by improving feed efficiency, promoting gut health and innate immune responses and contributing to improved water quality through enhanced nutrient cycling and reduced environmental pollutants. Among these species, <i>B. subtilis</i> emerges as the most extensively studied and applied, likely due to its robustness, abundance, safety and multifunctional probiotic properties. In contrast, other <i>Bacillus</i> spp. remain relatively underexplored, despite their potential to provide complementary or strain-specific benefits. This review also highlights key knowledge gaps, including the limited understanding of probiotic mechanisms at the metabolomic level. Future research integrating multi-omics approaches and evaluating both single- and multi-strain <i>Bacillus</i> probiotics will be essential for optimising probiotic design and advancing sustainable aquaculture practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147961911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-Specific Yeast Polysaccharides Enhance Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis in Red Tilapia Cultured Under Seawater Conditions","authors":"Ruimin Yuan,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Wu,&nbsp;Juyun He,&nbsp;Zhiyu Zhou","doi":"10.1155/anu/3589937","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3589937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the antibacterial activity and functional effects of yeast polysaccharides derived from three <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains (L6, L9, and L10) on growth, immunity, and gut health of red tilapia cultured under seawater conditions. An in vitro antibacterial assay against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and <i>V. vulnificus</i> was conducted, followed by a 16-week feeding trial using six isonitrogen (crude protein: 370 ± 8 g kg⁻¹) and iso-energy (gross energy: 11.4 ± 0.2 MJ kg⁻¹) diets: control, commercial β-glucan, MOS, L6, L9, and L10, each at 1 g/kg. A total of 720 healthy fish (20.06 ± 0.06 g) were randomly assigned to 24 floating cages (1 × 1 × 1 m; four replicates per treatment). Results showed that all YPS exhibited antibacterial activity against <i>Vibrio spp</i>., with L10 showing the strongest inhibition in vitro. Fish fed L10 also exhibited the highest weight gain rate (WG) and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Plasma biochemical indices indicated that the L10 group significantly increased total antioxidant capacity, and lysozyme while decreasing malondialdehyde (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the intestinal anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated, and the proinflammatory cytokines were significantly downregulated with the inclusion of yeast polysaccharide derived from the L10 strain (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, L10 also improved intestinal morphology and barrier integrity while modulating the microbiota toward beneficial taxa, characterized by increased <i>Cetobacterium</i> and reduced <i>Photobacterium</i>. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further revealed activation of immune-, metabolism-, and homeostasis-related genes (e.g., <i>PAPSS2</i>, <i>rhbg</i>, and <i>CBS</i>), alongside the enrichment of amino acids and microbial metabolites (e.g., indole derivatives) associated with mucosal immune regulation. Overall, this study revealed that supplementation of 1 g/kg L10 yeast polysaccharide can promote growth, antioxidant capacity, immune homeostasis, and gut microbiota balance in red tilapia, highlighting the potential as next-generation functional feed additives for sustainable marine aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147939961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Dietary Starch Level and Ingredient Grinding Size on Growth, Intestinal Health and Liver Condition of Juvenile Giant Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)","authors":"Albino M. Maveto,&nbsp;Caroline Candebat,&nbsp;Adrien F. Marc,&nbsp;Simon Kumar Das,&nbsp;Leo Nankervis","doi":"10.1155/anu/3101205","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3101205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Giant grouper (<i>Epinephelus lanceolatus</i>) is a highly valued aquaculture species known for its rapid growth. Traditionally reared using ‘trash fish’ as a nutrient source, production of giant grouper has outpaced the nutritional knowledge required for optimal production. Equally important is an appropriate application of processing aids that facilitate feed physical properties while also supporting growth and health. In extruded aquafeed, starch provides energy while enhancing durability and expansion, promoting floating properties important for feed management. Grinding raw materials is a process central to feed manufacture, facilitating feed processing. However, the interaction of particle size after grinding and fish production performance characteristics is understudied. To address this, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying dietary wheat starch levels and ingredient grinding on growth, intestinal health and liver condition in juvenile giant grouper. Seven isonitrogenous (~55% crude protein) and isocaloric (~19 MJ/kg) diets were formulated, containing low (9%), medium (12%) and high (15%) wheat starch, with ingredients ground to either 1 or 0.5 mm with an additional very high-starch diet (15.9%) formulated exclusively at the 0.5 mm grinding size and not tested at 1 mm. After a 6-week trial, elevation of dietary starch levels above the minimum tested led to increasing inflammation in the posterior intestine, evidenced by a thicker lamina propria and a higher prevalence of eosinophilic granular cells characteristic of intestinal inflammation. Fish fed diets made from ingredients milled to 0.5 mm exhibited lower growth rates and enlarged livers due to elevated glycogen deposition in hepatocytes. This study does not support the practice of elevating starch levels above 9% of the feed, nor does it support grinding of raw materials to 0.5 mm. These results provide valuable insights for formulating nutritionally balanced feeds using wheat starches, supporting the sustainable development of giant grouper aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Oils in Aquafeeds: Mechanistic Perspectives on Growth Promotion, Immunomodulation, and Stress Resilience","authors":"Mustafa Öz,&nbsp;Enes Üstüner,&nbsp;Sümmani Çifci","doi":"10.1155/anu/8992384","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/8992384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aquaculture industry is increasingly transitioning toward sustainable aquafeeds, driven by the economic and environmental necessity to replace marine-derived fishmeal and fish oil with plant- and insect-based alternatives. This nutritional shift introduces physiological challenges, accelerating the search for natural, sustainable functional additives. The primary goal of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the application of medicinal and aromatic plant oils (MAPOs) in aquafeeds, providing mechanistic perspectives on their roles in growth promotion, immunomodulation, and stress resilience. We synthesize current literature to link MAPO chemical composition, particularly phenolic monoterpenes and phenylpropenes, with biological responses, advanced delivery systems, and metabolic pathways. Key findings demonstrate that MAPOs can effectively stimulate appetite, modulate the gut microbiome, and enhance antioxidant defenses via the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, thereby improving disease resistance. However, a critical limitation in the current literature is the high variability and inconsistent outcomes reported across different aquatic species and developmental stages. These discrepancies are largely attributed to strong chemotypic variability of essential oils, unstandardized extraction protocols, and dose-dependent responses that can sometimes yield neutral or suppressive effects. To successfully transition MAPOs from experimental trials to reliable commercial applications, future research must prioritize standardized dose–response evaluations, address species-specific variability, and utilize advanced formulation technologies such as nanoemulsions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Dietary Lipid Requirement for Juvenile Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)","authors":"Xiangqin Lin,&nbsp;Yixiong Cao,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Meng,&nbsp;Shiwei Xie,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang,&nbsp;Beiping Tan,&nbsp;Junming Deng","doi":"10.1155/anu/9438737","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/9438737","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leopard coral grouper (<i>Plectropomus leopardus</i>) is a high-value marine species increasingly produced under intensive farming conditions; however, its dietary lipid requirement remains poorly defined, hindering the development of cost-effective formulated feeds. This study aimed to determine the optimal dietary lipid level for juvenile <i>P. leopardus</i> by assessing growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity in response to graded lipid inclusion. Juveniles (initial body weight [IBW]: 13.94 ± 0.07 g) were fed six isonitrogenous diets (53% crude protein) containing 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, or 16% lipid for 9 weeks (three replicate tanks per diet; 27 fish per tank). Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with dietary lipid up to 10% and then declined. Intestinal lipase activity increased with dietary lipid level. Dietary lipid at 8%–12% improved hepatic lipid metabolic balance, as indicated by reduced activities of lipogenic enzymes (malate dehydrogenase [MDH], glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], and fatty acid synthase [FAS]) and increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Dietary lipid at 8%–12% also enhanced antioxidant defenses, reflected by higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in serum, liver, and hindgut, without an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, high-lipid diets (14%–16%) induced hepatic lipid metabolic imbalance followed by pronounced hepatic lipid deposition (histological staining and increased hepatic crude lipid; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and significantly increased MDA levels in serum, liver, and hindgut (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while antioxidant enzyme activities tended to decrease, indicating heightened oxidative stress. Overall, growth performance was highest at ~10% dietary lipid under the present experimental conditions, and quadratic regression analysis suggested an approximate optimum near 9.3%. Moderate dietary lipid (8%–12%) promoted growth by improving hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity, whereas excessive lipid inclusion (≥14%) induced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative damage in <i>P. leopardus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplementation With CoQ10 and Sel-Plex Mitigates the Effects of Elevated Water Temperature on Performance, Digestive Physiology, Immune Competence, and Antioxidant Balance in Rainbow Trout","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Dadfar,&nbsp;Ahmad Imani,&nbsp;Arya Vazirzadeh,&nbsp;Kourosh Sarvi Moghanlou,&nbsp;Faezeh Jamali","doi":"10.1155/anu/3450813","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3450813","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated water temperatures can impair fish growth, immunity, and physiological performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and organic selenium (O-Se; Sel-Plex) supplementation on growth, digestive enzymes, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of stress- and immune-related genes (<i>hsp70-α</i> and <i>il-1β</i>) in the liver of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) under thermal stress, measured using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) with β-actin as the reference gene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 225 rainbow trout (21 ± 0.5 g) were stocked in 150-L recirculating tanks at either optimal (15°C) or elevated (20°C) water temperatures. Fish were fed diets supplemented with CoQ10 (0 or 20 mg/kg) and/or Sel-Plex (0 or 5 mg/kg) for 60 days. Growth indices, digestive enzyme activity, hepatic antioxidant capacity, immune parameters, and the expression of <i>hsp70-α</i> and <i>il-1β</i> were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated temperature significantly reduced growth, feed efficiency, and immune status. Dietary supplementation with CoQ10 or O-Se improved hepatic antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and innate immunity, with the greatest effects observed when both supplements were combined. Cosupplementation also mitigated heat-induced upregulation of HSP70-α and IL-1β and reduced liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combined dietary CoQ10 and O-Se supplementation alleviate the adverse effects of elevated water temperatures on rainbow trout by enhancing growth, physiological performance, antioxidant defenses, and immune responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13131069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}