Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Daily Protein Restriction Under Different Protein Levels in Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Growth, Digestive System, Gene Expression, and Health","authors":"Ebrahim Sotoudeh,&nbsp;Leila Khalili,&nbsp;Maryam Zoab,&nbsp;Zahra Bahmani,&nbsp;Noah Esmaeili","doi":"10.1155/anu/5126953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5126953","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Daily protein restriction, for the first time, under various protein levels for 8 weeks, was tested on growth, hemolymph parameters, digestive and serological enzyme activities, antioxidant defense, immune system, and its relative genes in whiteleg shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) (initial weight: 1.73 ± 0.17 g). We hypothesized that the protein levels in a protein restriction schedule can be decreased to maximize the benefits of protein restriction. The results indicate that a schedule of feeding 1 day of dietary 390 g/kg followed by 2 days of dietary 330 g/kg (1P392P33) is possible without significant impairment of growth, feed efficiency, digestive enzymes, immune system, and antioxidant defense. Further, the P26, P33, and 1P392P26 groups showed a decline (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in growth, flesh quality, and health, showing that dietary 260 and 330 g/kg protein is not enough for this species, even when we put this diet in a protein restriction schedule. Any whiteleg shrimp group fed dietary 260 g/kg protein experienced lower protease activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), highlighting the impact of protein malnutrition on this digestive enzyme. These groups also had lower catalase activity and expression of <i>penaeidin-3a</i> and <i>lysozyme</i> genes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There was no clear trend in hemolymph parameters among groups, except for lower triglycerides in experimental groups (but not 1P392P33) than in the control. In conclusion, feeding 66% of the farming period of whiteleg shrimp with the dietary 330 g/kg protein and the rest of the time with the dietary 390 g/kg protein is possible without growth, flesh quality, and health impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5126953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Maximum 34% Substitution of Fish Meal by Soybean Meal Is Recommended for Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski Cultured in Biofloc Systems: Evidence From Growth and Intestinal Barrier Function","authors":"Zhi-Yong Yang,&nbsp;Deng-Lai Li,&nbsp;Ke-xin Wang,&nbsp;Li-Fang Wu,&nbsp;Rui Zhu,&nbsp;Qiong Wu","doi":"10.1155/anu/5561983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5561983","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, glucose was used as the carbon source for the bioflocs in each group, with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 20 : 1. Juvenile <i>Rhynchocypris lagowskii</i> Dybowski (6.89 ± 0.02 g) were used as the experimental animals. Soybean meal (SBM) protein replaced 0.0% (CK), 17.0% (B17), 34.0% (B34), 51.0% (B51), and 68.0% (B68) of fish meal protein to formulate five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets for an 8-week feeding trial. Under biofloc technology (BFT) conditions, the B68 group exhibited significantly lower growth performance (final weight [FW], weight gain rate [WGR], specific growth rate [SGR], feed efficiency ratio [FER], protein efficiency ratio [PER]) and muscle crude protein content compared to the CK group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The B51 group showed significantly reduced activities of hepatopancreatic and intestinal protease (PRS), as well as of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the distal intestine (DI). Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the DI was significantly increased in both the B51 and B68 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The B68 group showed significantly increased serum GPT, GOT, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, and significantly decreased hepatopancreatic GPT and GOT activities as well as serum complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), and LSZ levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the B68 group, the expression levels of multiple genes were significantly downregulated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05): IGF-1 in the mid intestine (MI) and DI, S6K in the hepatopancreas and DI, and ZO-1, mTOR, IL-10, TGF-β, Nrf2, Maf, HO-1, CAT, GSH-PX, and occludin-a in the DI. In contrast, significant up-regulation was observed for TNF-α (in MI and DI), as well as for 4E-BP, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-8, and Keap1 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the BFT, SBM substitution (replacing ≥51% of fish meal protein) disrupted intestinal morphological integrity. This led to reduced muscularis thickness and fold height, increased lamina propria width, villus breakage, altered gut permeability, and elevated serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), D-lactic acid (D-LA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. These changes are accompanied by changes in the structure of dominant intestinal microflora. Concluded, the proportion of SBM replacing fish meal should be lower than 34% under BFT system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5561983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess Food Availability Can Have Detrimental Effects on Planktotrophic Larvae: Evaluation of the Quantitative Feeding on Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Larval Rearing","authors":"Luca Grosso,&nbsp;João Sousa,&nbsp;Pedro M. Santos,&nbsp;Francisco Azevedo e Silva,&nbsp;Sílvia Lourenço,&nbsp;Pedro M. Félix,&nbsp;Ana Pombo,&nbsp;Arnold Rakaj","doi":"10.1155/anu/6467396","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/6467396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Larval rearing in echinoculture still has room for optimization in order to reach economical soundness and commercial-scale production. One of the key factors in larval feeding is to provide larvae the necessary energy for metamorphosis into juveniles. <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> (Lamarck, 1816) is a meroplanktonic species with a planktotrophic larval stage, relying entirely on phytoplankton as a food source due to its limited maternal yolk reserves. While the importance of optimal microalgal diets in maximizing larval yields is well established, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the ideal feed ratio for <i>P. lividus</i> larval rearing. The present study aimed to fill this knowledge gap in this Atlanto-Mediterranean sea urchin, assessing the effects of different food ratios on its planktonic development, to shed light on the existence of optimal food quantity to adopt. We tested three different concentrations (low, medium, and high ratios) of a mixed microalgal diet (<i>Isochrysis galbana</i>, <i>Chaetoceros calcitrans</i>, and <i>Rhodomonas lens</i>) which were doubled on each transition to the subsequent larval development stage. The results showed that the food quantity significantly affected the survival rate, development, lifespan, and metamorphosis success of pluteus, indicating the range from 1500 to 12000 cells·mL⁻¹ as optimal, with lower yields occurring both at higher and lower feeding ratios.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148598148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Gallic Acid Supplementation on Intestinal Function and Gut Microbial Community Structure in Holothuria leucospilota","authors":"Wenjie Pan,&nbsp;Hang Yuan,&nbsp;Chenchen Sun,&nbsp;Jianfeng Xu,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Zhou Qin,&nbsp;Jingxuan Liang,&nbsp;Fanjiang Ou,&nbsp;Zepeng Zhang,&nbsp;Shuyang Wen,&nbsp;Chunhua Ren,&nbsp;Xiao Jiang,&nbsp;Peng Luo,&nbsp;Aifen Yan,&nbsp;Haipeng Qin,&nbsp;Chaoqun Hu,&nbsp;Ting Chen","doi":"10.1155/anu/5350878","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/5350878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gallic acid (GA) is a plant-derived polyphenol with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, yet its efficacy as a functional feed additive in sea cucumbers remains unclear. Here, we systematically evaluated graded dietary GA supplementation in the tropical sea cucumber <i>Holothuria leucospilota</i> by integrating growth performance, body-wall nutritional composition, intestinal histomorphology, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, gut microbial community profiles, and intestinal transcriptomic responses. Sea cucumbers were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments containing 0, 200, 400, 800, 1600, or 3200 mg kg⁻¹ GA and fed for 75 days. GA elicited a pronounced nonlinear, dose-dependent response. The intermediate dose (GA2; 400 mg kg⁻¹) produced a relatively favorable response under the present feeding conditions, increasing final body weight and increasing the accumulation of crude protein and structural-protein-associated amino acids in the body wall, while preserving brush-border integrity and significantly enhancing α-amylase, lipase, cellulase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Transcriptomic profiling revealed clear divergence between GA-treated groups and the control (Con), with GA2 characterized by upregulation of pathways associated with digestive hydrolysis, nutrient transport, lipid utilization, and redox/detoxification processes. Microbiome analyses showed progressive community restructuring with increasing GA, including reduced Proteobacteria and enrichment of Firmicutes/Bacilli at high doses, decreased α-diversity, and pronounced genus-level turnover. Correlation-based integration further resolved two host–microbe interaction modules that linked microbial taxa either to nutrient assimilation programs or to intestinal barrier and immune-response programs. Collectively, these findings support GA as a promising functional additive for <i>H. leucospilota</i> within a narrow optimal-dose window, while highlighting potential risks of dysbiosis and intestinal injury at excessive inclusion levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Impacts of Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles on Growth, Intestinal and Liver Histology, Antioxidant Status, and Immunological Response in Mullet (Mugil cephalus)","authors":"Ahmed I. A. Mansour,&nbsp;Mohamed Ashour,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Mabrouk,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Abdelhamid,&nbsp;Othman F. Abdelzaher,&nbsp;Roshmon Thomas Mathew,&nbsp;Abdallah Tageldein Mansour,&nbsp;Elsayed S. I. Mohammed,&nbsp;Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis,&nbsp;Michelyne Haroun,&nbsp;Einar Ringø,&nbsp;Eman Y. Mohammady","doi":"10.1155/anu/6028970","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/6028970","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the impact of dietary supplementation with nanoparticles of <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> (previously known as <i>Spirulina platensis</i>) on the performance of the mullet <i>Mugil cephalus</i> during a 63-day feeding trial. Fish (14.75 ± 0.23 g/fish) were randomly distributed into five groups of 30 fish per hapa, with three replicates per group. Five experimental diets were prepared to assess nano-<i>A. platensis</i> supplementation at three inclusion levels: 0.5, 5, and 10 g/kg (SN_0.05%, SN_0.5%, and SN_1%). Two control groups were included for comparison: a negative control without additives (S_0%) and a positive control with 1% non-nanoform <i>A. platensis</i> (S_1%). Among all SN groups, the fish fed the SN_0.05% diet showed significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) values for final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Also, the middle intestine showed marked improvements (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) in villus height and width, muscularis mucosa thickness, and the number of goblet cells when fish were fed the various SN levels or the S_1% diet. Moreover, fish treated with <i>A. platensis</i> nanoparticles showed a noticeable enhancement in hepatic histomorphology, with the SN_0.05% group exhibiting the most intact hepatic structure. However, the S_0% diet had the highest alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to other diets supplemented with different <i>A. platensis</i> levels. No significant difference (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) in albumin levels was observed. Non-nano <i>A. platensis</i> improved immunoglobulin M (IgM) activity compared with the control (S_0%). The nanoform diets resulted in the highest lysozyme (LYZ) activity, with the SN_0.05% treatment showing the highest values of all groups. Fish fed <i>A. platensis</i>, either as nanoparticles or in its non-nano form, showed significantly lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) than those that were fed the control diet (S_0%). Additionally, all diets containing either nano- or non-nanoform <i>A. platensis</i> (SN_0.05%, SN_0.5%, SN_1%, and S_1%) resulted in increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), alongside decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in comparison to S₀%. In general, our findings showed that <i>A. platensis</i> nanoparticles improve <i>M. cephalus</i> growth performance, intestinal and hepatic histomorphology, immune response, feed utilization, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Therefore, nano-<i>A. platensis</i> could be an efficient feed additive for <i>M. cephalus</i>, making mullet farming more environmentally friendly and cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Vitamin E and Zinc on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Innate Immunity of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)","authors":"Yao Cheng,&nbsp;Zhixiong Xu,&nbsp;Wenqiang Sun,&nbsp;Jianbing Wei,&nbsp;Shuihong Lv,&nbsp;Weifeng Li","doi":"10.1155/anu/4049350","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/4049350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary co-supplementation vitamin E (VE) and zinc (Zn) on growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of juvenile grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</i>). The experimental design consisted of seven treatments with varying combinations of dietary VE and Zn levels (mg/kg): D-0 (0:0), D-1 (0:50), D-2 (250:0), D-3 (250:50), D-4 (200:40), D-5 (150:30), and D-6 (100:20). A total of 5250 fish (average initial weight 228.11 ± 4.97 g) were randomly assigned into 21 cages (three replicates per group) and fed their respective diets twice daily for 56 days. Growth parameters, body composition, antioxidant activity, lysozyme, and complement C3 concentrations were analyzed. Significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency were observed in the D-4 group compared to the control and singly supplemented groups. Co-supplementation also significantly enhanced serum, muscle, and liver SOD and T-AOC activities and reduced MDA concentrations. The combined supplementation of 200 mg/kg VE and 40 mg/kg Zn showed resulting in the best overall performance under the current conditions. Although the independent or interaction effects of VE and Zn were not evaluated due to the limitations of fractional factorial design, these findings not only provide a basis for improving the immune ability of grass carp by reasonably co-supplementation of VE and Zn, but also serve as a reference for reducing feeding costs in practical production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replacement With Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Meal on Growth, Intestinal Microbiota, Hepatopancreas Metabolites, and Immune Defense Against DIV1 in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)","authors":"Cui Liu,&nbsp;Qiusheng Jing,&nbsp;Jinbo Lu,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Qincheng Huang,&nbsp;Yutong Zheng,&nbsp;Yukun Jie,&nbsp;Junjun Yan,&nbsp;Jilun Meng,&nbsp;Tiantian Ye,&nbsp;Zhimin Gu","doi":"10.1155/anu/2904475","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/2904475","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The yellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) stands out among insect protein sources for its ability to convert low-value agricultural by-products into valuable nutrients. This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal with yellow mealworm meal on growth performance, nutritional composition, intestinal microbiota, hepatopancreas metabolites, and immune defense against decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) in giant freshwater prawn. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with yellow mealworm meal replacing fish meal at 0% (FM30), 10% (FM27), 20% (FM24), 40% (FM18), and 60% (FM12). A total of 750 prawns were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (three replicates per diet, 50 prawns per replicate) and cultured for 56 days, followed by a DIV1 challenge test. Results showed that Replacement of up to 60% of fish meal did not adversely affect growth performance, feed utilization, or the crude protein, crude lipid, and amino acid profiles in muscle. Muscle monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) increased linearly with mealworm inclusion (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The FM12 group exhibited elevated arachidonic acid (ARA) and <i>n</i>−6 PUFA levels and reduced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while the <i>n</i>−3/<i>n</i>−6 ratio remained unchanged. Gut microbiota composition shifted favorably, with increased abundance of Firmicutes and beneficial <i>Lactococcus</i> in the FM12 and FM18 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Metabolic adaptation in the hepatopancreas involved glycerophospholipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Following DIV1 challenge, the FM12 group showed significantly higher survival, increased plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduced hepatopancreatic apoptosis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Immune-related upregulation of <i>hpo</i>, <i>warts</i>, <i>mats</i>, and <i>ifn-α</i>, alongside downregulation of <i>caspase-3</i>, was also observed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, replacing 60% of dietary fish meal with yellow mealworm meal is a nutritionally safe and beneficial strategy for giant freshwater prawn, effectively maintaining growth performance and muscle composition, modulating gut microbiota, and enhancing immune defense against DIV1.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13383005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148598083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycled Animal Protein Hydrolysates for Gilthead Seabream: Impact on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilisation, Intestinal Structure and Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression","authors":"A. Alves-de-Oliveira,&nbsp;M. Monteiro,&nbsp;T. Sá,&nbsp;A. Filipa-Silva,&nbsp;A. Almeida,&nbsp;F. Kokou,&nbsp;L. M. P. Valente","doi":"10.1155/anu/2611411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2611411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of local circular feed systems has increased interest in protein hydrolysates (PHs) derived from processed animal proteins (PAPs), which can upcycle protein-rich streams into functional aquafeed ingredients. This study evaluated novel PHs sourced from insect meal (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>), fish by-products and swine by-products as replacements for a high-quality fish PH (CPSP90) in diets for gilthead seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>). A control diet, containing 20% fish meal, 22% plant proteins, 23% PAPs and 3% CPSP90, was compared with three experimental diets in which CPSP90 was replaced by 3% of each alternative PH, resulting in the INSECT, FISH and SWINE diets. Seabream juveniles (11 g) were reared in triplicate tanks and fed the experimental diets three times per day over 88 days. A parallel digestibility trial was also conducted. All diets were well accepted across treatments (voluntary feed intake [VFI] = 1.7–1.8 g 100 g⁻¹ average body weight day⁻¹). Nutrient digestibility, fish final body weight (FBW; 60–65 g), feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.1–1.2) and anterior intestine histomorphology remained similar across treatments. Fish fed the SWINE diet showed upregulation of <i>mrf4</i>, <i>mlc2a</i> and <i>mlc2b</i>, suggesting modulation of myogenic differentiation and muscle structural pathways, although this was not reflected in improved growth. Fish fed the INSECT diet showed reduced faecal lipid losses, together with downregulation of <i>capn3</i>, which may reflect metabolic adjustments related to lipid utilisation. Fish fed the FISH diet exhibited muscle gene expression patterns and growth performance similar to those of the control group. Alternative PHs showed potential to replace CPSP90 in gilthead seabream diets, supporting circular aquafeed formulations while sustaining feed efficiency and fish growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2611411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics Insights Into the Effect of Feeding Yeast Culture on the Liver Metabolism and Immunity of Plectropomus leopardus","authors":"Chenlin Yin,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Haizhan Tang,&nbsp;Tongyao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongyi Zhai,&nbsp;Jiahang Li,&nbsp;Chaofan Jin,&nbsp;Zhenmin Bao,&nbsp;Jingjie Hu","doi":"10.1155/anu/6228089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6228089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yeast culture (YC) is widely applied as a functional feed additive, yet the mechanisms by which it regulates hepatic health, metabolism, and immune capacity in teleosts remain unclear. Here, juvenile <i>Plectropomus leopardus</i> were fed diets supplemented with 2.0% (YC2.0) or 8.0% YC (YC8.0) for 60 days, followed by hepatic histophysiological assessment, liver transcriptomic/metabolomic profiling, and an in vitro hepatocyte challenge with nervous necrosis virus (NNV). YC2.0 pincreased lipid droplet accumulation, improved antioxidant status, and lower aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and MDA in the liver than the control (Con) and YC8.0 groups. RNA-seq identified 915 hepatic differentially expressed genes (DEGs): YC2.0-specific genes were enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis, bile secretion, and rhythmic regulation, whereas YC8.0-upregulated clusters were enriched in NOD-like receptor and JAK–STAT signaling, hematopoietic cell lineage, and apoptosis, with elevated immune- and apoptosis-related markers (<i>nlrp1</i>, <i>mcub</i>, <i>myc</i>, <i>map1lc3b</i>, and <i>gadd45β/γ</i>). Metabolomics identified 680 differential metabolites across the three groups, showing that YC2.0 predominantly enhanced purine/nucleotide and glycerophospholipid metabolism, while YC8.0 shifted toward amino acid-centered pathways (arginine biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, and FoxO signaling). Multiomics integration revealed positive correlations of L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) with inflammatory DEGs, and of glycerophosphoethanolamine (Geptn) with apoptosis-related DEGs. In vitro, YC pretreatment alleviated NNV-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in hepatocytes, suppressed viral mRNA accumulation, and reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (<i>il1</i>β, <i>ifng</i>, <i>il6</i>, <i>il12a</i>, <i>il16</i>, and <i>tnfsf14</i>) and immune pathway related DEGs. Collectively, these results characterize dose-dependent effects of YC on hepatic physiology and immune regulation, supporting its application as a functional aquafeed supplement.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6228089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Benefits of Fermented Sesame Oilcake in the Diet of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Insights Into Immunity, Oxidative Status, and Gut Microbiota","authors":"Seyyed Morteza Hoseini,&nbsp;Morteza Yousefi,&nbsp;Alireza Afzali-Kordmahalleh,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar,&nbsp;Hamed Abdollahpour,&nbsp;Mert Minaz","doi":"10.1155/anu/4050656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4050656","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of fermented sesame oilcake (FSOC) on growth performance, antioxidant responses, immune parameters, bactericidal activity, and gut microbial composition in juvenile Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. FSOC was produced by aerobic solid-state fermentation using <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Fish (5-month-old, 13.31 ± 0.73 g, all-male) were randomly distributed into three treatment groups and fed diets containing 0% (control [CTL]), 10% (S-10), or 20% (S-20) FSOC for 8 weeks. Growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and survival were not significantly affected by FSOC inclusion (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, dietary FSOC significantly enhanced several immunological parameters, including lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in plasma, liver, kidney, and skin mucus (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly elevated in hepatic and intestinal tissues of FSOC-fed fish, accompanied by a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), indicating improved oxidative status. Skin mucus from FSOC-fed tilapia exhibited significantly greater bactericidal activity against <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and <i>Streptococcus iniae</i>. Gut gene expressions showed different patterns in the S-10 and S-20 treatments, as the S-10 treatment showed only an upregulation in tumor necrosis factor-a (<i>tnf-α</i>) expression, while the S-20 treatment showed upregulations in various anti-inflammatory, proinflammatory, antioxidant, and chaperon gene expressions. Additionally, gut microbiota analysis revealed that FSOC supplementation significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microbes (<i>Saccharomyces</i> sp., <i>Lactobacillus</i> sp., and <i>Bacillus</i> sp.) while reducing the presence of opportunistic pathogens (<i>Aeromonas</i> sp., <i>Vibrio</i> sp., and <i>Streptococcus</i> sp.). Overall, these findings suggest that FSOC is a promising functional feed ingredient capable of improving immune competence, oxidative resilience, and gut health in Nile tilapia without compromising growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4050656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}