Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary β-Mannanase Affects the Growth, Antioxidant, and Immunes Responses of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and Its Challenge Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection","authors":"Ibrahim Adeshina, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Eijaz Ahmed Bhat, Shahid Sherzada, Olaolu O. Fawole, Dalhatu J. Bawa, Thais Pereira da Cruz, Lateef O. Tiamiyu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5263495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5263495","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>One of the most farmed fishes is the African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>. Its production has increased by 20% annually on average during the last 20 years, but the occurrence of fish diseases, especially bacterial such as <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> infections, is hindering its activities. Also, the incorporation of plant-derived substances in aquafeeds is limited since they frequently contain different antinutritional factors, like nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs). However, supplementing fish diets with <i>β</i>-mannanase could increase growth, antioxidants, and immunity. Despite the advantage of <i>β</i>-mannanase, its effects on growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidants, and immunity in African catfish need to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of dietary β-mannanase on the growth performance, liver enzymes, antioxidant profiles, immunity, and protection of African catfish, <i>C. gariepinus</i>, against <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection. Five isonitrogenous diets were prepared to have 400 g/kg crude protein and supplemented with <i>β</i>-mannanase at 0, 1500, 3000, 4500, or 6000 thermostable endo, 1,4-<i>β</i>-mannanase units (TMUs)/kg diet and fed to 300 juveniles of the African catfish, <i>C. gariepinus</i> (mean weight 12.1 ± 0.1 g) for 12 weeks. Then, 10 fish from each tank received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL of <i>A. hydrophila</i> (5.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL) and observed for 14 days. Results showed dietary <i>β</i>-mannanase levels considerably improved growth performance but did not affect fish survival. Also, amylase, protease, and lipase levels were significantly promoted in the fish fed with <i>β</i>-mannanase-fortified diets than the control group (<i>p</i>  < 0.05). Enhanced gut villi and intestinal absorption areas, haematlogical profiles, and liver enzymes but reduced gut viscosity were observed in fish-fed <i>β</i>-mannanase-fortified diets (<i>p</i>  < 0.05). In a dose-dependent order, including <i>β</i>-mannanase in the meals of African catfish raised the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) activities and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) values in African catfish (<i>p</i>  < 0.05). Also, fish immunity was greatly (<i>p</i>  < 0.05) enhanced due to supplementation of the diet with <i>β</i>-mannanase. In addition, fish-fed diets comprising 6000 TMU <i>β</i>-mannanase/kg diet showed the lowest rates of fish mortality (7.5%) (<i>p</i>  < 0.05). Therefore, feeding African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>, <i>β</i>-mannanase enhanced growth performance, increased activity of digestive enzymes, gut morphology, enhanced generation of short-chain fatty acids, digesta potential of hydrogen (pH), and improved antioxidant profiles and immunity at the optimum dose of 5800 TMU/kg diet. Additionally, <i>β</i>-mannanase protected African catfish against <i","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5263495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"γ-Aminobutyric Acid Effectively Modulate Growth Performance, Physiological Response of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) Under Combined Stress of Flow Velocity and Density","authors":"Yun-Jie Lin,&nbsp;Xu-Nan Li,&nbsp;Xiu-Mei Chen,&nbsp;Jian-Ming Chen,&nbsp;Xiao-Yan Jin,&nbsp;Jia-Xin Sun,&nbsp;Xiao-Tian Niu,&nbsp;Yi-Di Kong,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Gui-Qin Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9180554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9180554","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The circular aquaculture model of largemouth bass pond engineering has the characteristics of high yield and efficiency, but it is prone to stress caused by flow velocity and density, which affects the yield of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). <i>γ</i>-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is believed to have the effect of improving growth and stress tolerance. We divided the largemouth bass into three groups: a control group, a flow rate and density combined stress group, and a combined stress feed supplemented with GABA (0.9%) group, and conducted a 60-day aquaculture experiment. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency (FE) of largemouth bass significantly decreased in the combined stress group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, and glucose (GLU), malondialdehyde (MDA) level of largemouth bass significantly higher than the control group, and the serum lysozyme (LZM) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly lower than the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). After adding GABA, the final weight, WGR, SGR, and FE decreased, and the serum GLU levels, AST, ALT activity, and MDA levels were downregulated, and the serum LZM activity and T-AOC of largemouth bass were upregulated. But most of the above are still at the level of the control group. Under combined stress, the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-I), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Blc2), nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes were significantly reduced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of heat stress protein 70 (HSP70), heat stress protein 90 (HSP90), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1<i>β</i> (IL-1<i>β</i>), Bax and keap1 genes were significantly increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). After the exogenous addition of GABA, all the above genes have a certain degree of callback, but GH, HSP70, HSP90, IL-1<i>β</i>, Bax, Nrf2, CAT, and SOD have not yet reached the level of the control group. These results indicate that adding GABA to feed can alleviate the adverse effects of combined stress of flow rate and density to a certain extent and provide insights for solving the problems in the circular aquaculture model of largemouth bass.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9180554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porphyra Polysaccharides Alleviated High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Growth Retardation, Lipid Deposition, Impairment of Immune and Antioxidant Functions, and Intestinal Morphology in Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus)","authors":"Ruixin Li,&nbsp;Wenkai Li,&nbsp;Jiaying Xie,&nbsp;Zhixiao Liu,&nbsp;Yi Xiao,&nbsp;Douglas R. Tocher,&nbsp;Cuiying Chen,&nbsp;Fan Lin,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Liu,&nbsp;Dizhi Xie,&nbsp;Yucong Hong,&nbsp;Shuqi Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/7022813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7022813","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Porphyra</i> polysaccharide (PPS), derived from marine red seaweeds of the <i>Porphyra</i> genus, has been reported to improve growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capability in animals. The present study investigated the effects of PPS supplementation to a high-carbohydrate diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microbial composition in rabbitfish (<i>Siganus canaliculatus</i>). Rabbitfish were fed a basal starch diet (BSD, 15% starch) and high-starch diets (HSD, 25% starch) supplemented with varying levels of PPS (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%) for 8 weeks. The results showed that HSD intake significantly decreased body weight and increased hepatosomatic index compared to rabbitfish fed BSD. But all dietary levels of PPS reversed these two indicators of fish fed HSD. In addition, the supplementation of 2.5% and 5% PPS significantly reduced the higher lipid contents in whole fish and abdominal muscle of fish fed HSD. Notably, 2.5% PPS reduced lipid droplets in the liver, possibly through the downregulation of genes associated with lipid synthesis and the upregulation of genes associated with lipid catabolism. Moreover, all levels of PPS supplementation decreased the higher serum alanine aminotransferase activity in fish fed HSD, indicating the alleviation of HSD-induced liver impairment. Additionally, PPS inclusion significantly increased the activity of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and catalase while decreasing serum malondialdehyde in fish fed HSD, suggesting improvements in immunity and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, PPS inclusion mitigated damage to intestinal villi induced by HSD. Interestingly, 2.5% PPS increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes while reducing the abundance of Proteobacteria and Spirochetes, indicating the reshaping of gut microbiota. In summary, dietary PPS alleviated the negative effects of HSD on growth performance, lipid metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology and altered microbial composition in rabbitfish. This highlighted the beneficial effects of dietary PPS in fish and suggested it could contribute to the new strategies for treating metabolic syndrome and health impacts in aquatic animals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7022813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of High Levels Carbohydrate on Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolites, and Health of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","authors":"Jinrui Xiong,&nbsp;Liping Yang,&nbsp;Luming Wang,&nbsp;Shaoyang Zhi,&nbsp;Mengjuan Zhao,&nbsp;Chunchu Xu,&nbsp;Leya Qu,&nbsp;Xiaorui Guo,&nbsp;Xiao Yan,&nbsp;Chaobin Qin,&nbsp;Guoxing Nie","doi":"10.1155/2024/7631021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7631021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Long-term consumption of high-carbohydrate feed may adversely affect intestinal health of fish; however, the underlying roles remain ambiguous. This study examined the effects of varying carbohydrate levels on the intestinal flora of common carp and assessed how microbial metabolites influence intestinal health. Two hundred seventy common carps were chosen and distributed randomly into three groups that fed diets containing starch at levels of 15% (low-carbohydrate diet [LCD]), 28% (medium-carbohydrate diet [MCD]), and 45% (high-carbohydrate diet [HCD]) for 60 days. A significant increase in final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate within the MCD group, while feed conversion ratio exhibited a decrease in comparison to the other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Feeding with a HCD led to decreased activity of catalase and increased malondialdehyde content, which was consistent with reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis results (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Specifically, the RT-qPCR results revealed that HCD treatment significantly upregulated <i>il1β</i>, <i>il6</i>, and <i>il8</i> transcript levels. Whereas, the <i>il10</i> messenger RNA (mRNA) was markedly reduced in comparison to the LCD group. Furthermore, the HCD group exhibited an increased abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i>, accompanied by a reduction in <i>Fusobacteria</i> abundance, and also revealed an upsurge in opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Shewanella</i>. The correlation analysis demonstrated negative correlations of anti-inflammatory active substances such as fucoxanthin, (S)-reticuline, hecogenin, and uridine with <i>Aeromonas</i>, but positive correlations with <i>Luteolibacter</i>. In summary, dietary carbohydrates might mediate intestinal flora to regulate their metabolites and affect intestinal inflammatory response.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7631021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status and Global Research Trend Patterns of Insect Meal in Aquaculture From Scientometric Perspective: (2013–2022)","authors":"Raghuvaran N.,&nbsp;Tincy Varghese,&nbsp;Prasanta Jana,&nbsp;Angela Brighty R. J.,&nbsp;Muthiah Sethupathy A.,&nbsp;Sudarshan S.,&nbsp;Yahya Bin Abdullah Alrashdi,&nbsp;Adel Ehab Ibrahim,&nbsp;Sami El Deeb","doi":"10.1155/2024/5466604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5466604","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In the past decade, insect meal has gained popularity in the animal feed industry, particularly in aquafeed, due to rising costs and decreased availability of fish meal (FM) and fish oil. Initially met with skepticism, insect meal is now seen as a promising ingredient because of its high nutrient profile. Research worldwide is exploring its potential as a FM replacement. Insects are abundant, nutritious, and environmentally friendly, as they can be reared on organic waste, minimizing the need for land, water, and energy. This research aims at obtaining a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current status and research trend patterns in this research field. To achieve this goal, this study conducts a mini systematic review and scientometric analysis of the global research published from 2013 to 2022 on the usage of insect meal in aquaculture. In the scientometric analysis, a total of 354 papers published by 1800 authors in 124 different journals from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection were analyzed, evaluating the number of publications, most relevant authors, organizations, top cited countries, most globally cited publications, and trending research themes in this field. The result showed that the University of Turin was the leading organization in insect meal research, whereas aquaculture was the leading journal, and author Laura Gasco was the prominent researcher in this field in the studied time frame (2013–2022). Italy was the leading country in Europe, while China dominated Asia in terms of the number of publications. The annual growth rate in insect meal research was found to be positive (23.11%), with 36.95 average citations per document. This study helps practitioners and scholars understand the current state of insect meal in aquaculture and identifies research requirements that can benefit both academia and industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5466604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dietary Cholesterol, Phytosterol, and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Astaxanthin Absorption and Retention in Rainbow Trout","authors":"Yang Jin,&nbsp;Keshuai Li,&nbsp;Jon Olav Vik,&nbsp;Marie Hillestad,&nbsp;Rolf Erik Olsen","doi":"10.1155/2024/8265746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8265746","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Astaxanthin (Ax) determines the flesh redness of a salmonid fish which is the most desirable quality indicator by consumers. Fish cannot synthesize Ax de novo, therefore, the only way to increase flesh redness is to increase dietary input or improve the absorption and retention rate of dietary Ax. As a hydrophobic carotenoid, the absorption of Ax can be modulated by other lipid molecules in the diet. The present study explored the effect of three lipids, cholesterol (CH), phytosterol (PS), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on Ax absorption, transport, and retention in rainbow trout. Dietary CH significantly improved Ax absorption by elevating plasma Ax levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05); however, it had no effect on the whole body Ax or flesh color. Dietary PS appears to inhibit Ax absorption since fish had significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) reduced whole body Ax. Dietary DHA appeared to have no effect on Ax absorption or retention. By comparing intestinal transcriptomes, a low density lipoprotein receptor (<i>ldlr</i>) gene was significantly downregulated in fish fed the CH diet as compared to the control diet. Since LDLR protein plays a major role in plasma lipoprotein turnover, we hypothesized that the inhibition of <i>ldlr</i> gene by high dietary CH resulted in higher retention of plasma Ax. The elevation of plasma Ax was not reflected in higher flesh coloration, which suggested other limiting factors governing Ax retention in the muscle. On the other hand, the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses found no changes of genes or proteins involved in Ax absorption, transport, or excretion in fish fed PS or DHA diets as compared to the control diet. In conclusion, this study has suggested that CH promotes Ax absorption by regulating lipoprotein retention and provide evidence for improving Ax absorption via dietary modulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8265746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Vitamin C on Growth and Non-Specific Immune Response of Labeo gonius Fry in Density-Dependent Biofloc Rearing","authors":"Ng Chinglembi Devi,&nbsp;Gusheinzed Waikhom,&nbsp;Soibam Khogen Singh,&nbsp;Pronob Das,&nbsp;Sourabh Debbarma,&nbsp;Reshmi Debbarma,&nbsp;Lukram Sushil Singh,&nbsp;Martina Meinam,&nbsp;Pradyut Biswas,&nbsp;Surajkumar Irungbam","doi":"10.1155/2024/9930544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9930544","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Biofloc technology offers a viable choice for the rearing of fish seed by offering a safe and protected habitat for young fish. Nevertheless, it is crucial to establish a standardised stocking density and implement effective ameliorative steps in order to successfully utilise this technology. In this study, a 90-day investigation was conducted to assess the effect of stocking density and dietary vitamin C (Vit C) levels on the growth and immunity of <i>Labeo gonius</i> fry (1.03 ± 0.01 g) reared in a biofloc system. Three stocking density groups (5, 10 and 15 fish per 50 L) were established, and each experimental group was supplemented with three levels of Vit C (0, 500 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹). The highest survival rate was observed in the lowest density group (five fish per 50 L) fed with 1000 mg kg⁻¹ Vit C. A better feed conversion ratio and significantly higher protein efficiency ratio were found in the moderate stocking density group (10 fish per 50 L) fed with 500 mg kg⁻¹ Vit C. Total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin, and packed cell volume improved in Vit C-fed groups. The total erythrocyte count (TEC) increased in groups fed Vit C and stocked at lower densities (5 and 10 fish per 50 L). Total serum protein (TPP) content increased when Vit C was added at a rate of 500 mg kg⁻¹. Serum glucose and cortisol levels were significantly reduced in Vit C-supplemented groups. Supplementation of Vit C at 500 mg kg⁻¹ resulted in a significantly lower value of malondialdehyde (MDA). Thus, the findings confirm that the incorporation of Vit C in the basal diet promotes the growth and health status of <i>L. gonius</i> fry reared in the biofloc system at high-density rearing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9930544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Pyridoxine Requirements of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Post-Smolts","authors":"Hairui Yu,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang,&nbsp;Ziyi Yuan,&nbsp;Leyong Yu,&nbsp;Youzhi Zhao,&nbsp;Lingyao Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/3862563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3862563","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the dietary pyridoxine requirements of coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) post-smolts with an initial mean body weight of 180.22 ± 0.41 g. Seven diets were prepared with gradient pyridoxine levels of 0.32, 1.25, 2.56, 4.08, 8.24, 16.02, and 32.32 mg/kg, respectively, and each diet was assigned to three replication groups of 10 fish. The results revealed that coho salmon fed the diet with pyridoxine supplementation gained more final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and better feed conversion ratio (FCR). FBW and SGR of the fish fed the diet with 8.24 mg/kg pyridoxine were significantly higher than those of the other groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). An inverse trend was observed for FCR, which was the lowest in fish fed the diet with 8.24 mg/kg pyridoxine. The gradient pyridoxine levels did not yield any statistically (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) significant impact on the whole-body composition including moisture, ash, crude lipid, and crude protein. The hepatic pyridoxine concentration, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities increased significantly with dietary pyridoxine levels increasing from 0.32 to 4.08 mg/kg (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and plateaued after that (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). The coho salmon fed the diet with 8.24 mg/kg pyridoxine achieved the maximum superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the minimum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde. Broken line analysis of SGR, FCR, AST, and ALT activities reflected the optimal dietary pyridoxine requirements for coho salmon post-smolts from 3.92 to 7.08 mg/kg diet.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3862563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seaweed Fly Larvae Cultivated on Macroalgae Side Streams: A Novel Marine Protein and Omega-3 Source for Rainbow Trout","authors":"Niklas Warwas,&nbsp;Emma L. Berdan,&nbsp;Xintian Xie,&nbsp;Elisabeth Jönsson,&nbsp;Jonathan A. C. Roques,&nbsp;Darragh Doyle,&nbsp;Markus Langeland,&nbsp;James Hinchcliffe,&nbsp;Henrik Pavia,&nbsp;Kristina Sundell","doi":"10.1155/2024/4221883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4221883","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A nutritional bottleneck in salmonid aquaculture is the procurement of marine-derived compounds, such as essential amino and fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids, lysine, and methionine. Therefore, insects containing these compounds are highly promising as feed ingredients. The present study evaluates larvae of a “marine” insect (<i>Coelopa frigida</i>, the bristly-legged seaweed fly larvae, SWFL) reared on brown algae side streams as a feed ingredient for rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). SWFL contained, on a dry matter basis, 60% crude protein (CP), 3.5% lysine, and 1.5% methionine, as well as 17% lipids, including 4% eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Four isoenergetic (<i>ca</i>. 23 MJ kg⁻¹ gross energy) and isoproteic (<i>ca</i>. 45% CP) feeds were evaluated in a 10-week feeding trial. The diets included a control containing 25% fish meal, a commercial reference, and two diets substituting 40% fish meal with either SWFL or partially defatted black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>). SWFL-fed fish displayed higher specific growth rates (SGR) compared to BSFL-fed fish and similar SGR compared to control and reference diet-fed fish. Feed intake in SWFL-fed fish was higher than for the control and BSFL diets and similar to the reference diet. The feed conversion ratio of fish fed the BSFL and SWFL diets was higher compared to the control, suggesting lower bioavailability of both insect meals compared to fish meals. No difference in intestinal health parameters was noted between the insect diets and the control diet, indicating good intestinal health across all treatments. However, changes in electrogenic intestinal transport were observed between the SWFL and BSFL diets, illustrating the heterogeneous effect of different insect products. Overall, SWFL meal is a promising alternative marine feed ingredient, compatible with circular production systems, as it can be efficiently cultivated using marine side streams.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4221883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Betaine Supplementation Into High-Carbohydrate Diets Improves Feed Efficiency and Liver Health of Megalobrama amblycephala by Increasing Taurine Synthesis","authors":"Wenbo Pan,&nbsp;Fan Wang,&nbsp;Jia Xu,&nbsp;Juntao Li,&nbsp;Jian Gao,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhao,&nbsp;Qingchao Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9632883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9632883","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Dietary betaine supplementation has been reported to alleviate the adverse effects of high-carbohydrate diets on <i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>, while the regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, a 79-day feeding trial was conducted with 450 juvenile <i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i> (average weight 6.75 ± 0.10 g), which were fed with five high-carbohydrate diets (43%) supplementing betaine at 0% (CD group), 0.2% (0.2Bet group), 0.4% (0.4Bet group), 0.8% (0.8Bet group), and 1.6% (1.6Bet group), respectively. Results showed <i>M. amblycephala</i> in 0.8Bet group exhibited the best growth performance, indicated by the largest weight gain ratio (142.88%) and least feed conversion ratio (1.63). Moreover, liver health was promoted in 0.8Bet group, with decreased number of non-nucleated cells and less lipid accumulation, which was accompanied by the lowest hepatosomatic index (1.38%). In order to further illustrate the regulatory mechanism, metabolites assay indicated that dietary betaine supplementation significantly increased plasma contents of methionine, serine, hypotaurine, and taurine, but did not affect plasma contents of cystathionine, cystine, or cysteic acid. Accordingly, the mRNA expressions of cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase in cysteine sulfinic acid pathway and cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) in sulfinic acid (CS) pathway, which were both involved in taurine synthesis, were also upregulated in the liver. Meanwhile, the microbial communities in <i>M. amblycephala</i> intestine were more stable and uniform with betaine supplementation. Therefore, dietary betaine supplementation may exert its protective roles in improving feed efficiency and liver health of <i>M. amblycephala</i> via promoting de novo taurine synthesis and stabilizing intestinal microbial communities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9632883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}