Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Gut Microbiota in Fish Viral Infection: Mechanisms and Microbiota-Targeted Interventions","authors":"Qiong Zhao,&nbsp;Jianzhong Shao,&nbsp;Ye Chen,&nbsp;Hangjun Zhang","doi":"10.1155/anu/9336162","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/9336162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Viral diseases represent one of the major threats to the global aquaculture industry. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and viral infections in fish has garnered increasing attention. The gut microbiota contributes critically to fish health and is involved in antiviral defense through immune regulation, secretion of microbial metabolites, as well as enhancement of barrier function. The gut microbiota, host immunity, and viral infection form a complex and dynamic interaction network. A substantial body of 16S rRNA and metabolomics correlation studies has indicated that viral infections can alter the gut microbiota in fish, while changes in the gut microbiota can, in turn, influence viral infection. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effects of gut microbiota on fish viral infections, explore the interactions between the gut microbiota, immune system, and viral pathogenesis, and discuss future research directions and potential application prospects. By outlining the three-dimensional interaction network of “microbiota-immune-virus” in fish, this review not only lays a theoretical foundation for developing targeted microecological strategies for green disease control but also provides an evolutionary perspective for understanding host–microbe coevolution in vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12948727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Injection of Lipids Into Yolk Sac has Been Shown to Alter the Lipid Metabolism of Adult Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Linli Luo,&nbsp;Sirijanya Thongchaitriwat,&nbsp;Suksan Kumkhong,&nbsp;Janethida Kiatmontri,&nbsp;Shenglin Yang,&nbsp;Stephane Panserat,&nbsp;Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn","doi":"10.1155/anu/8360989","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/8360989","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nutritional programming (NP) of <i>n</i>−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), achieved by injecting linseed oil into Nile tilapia alevins, influences lipid profiles and associated metabolic processes during the juvenile stage. However, the persistence of these effects into adulthood is unknown. In this study, we investigated the long-term NP effects of early <i>n</i>−3 PUFA and <i>n</i>−3 long-chain (LC)-PUFA intervention via linseed and fish oil injection, respectively, during the alevin stage on lipid metabolism and associated pathways in adult Nile tilapia. The experimental design included randomized treatment groups of 0.85% NaCl (control), linseed oil, and fish oil, each with six replicates. Linseed and fish oil were microinjected into the yolk reserves of Nile tilapia alevins, while control fish received NaCl injections. Following dietary challenge with a linseed oil-rich diet (weeks 37–40), linseed oil-injected fish exhibited higher weight gain, suggesting that early linseed oil enrichment enhanced <i>n</i>−3 PUFA utilization for growth. Both interventions reduced plasma lipemia, promoted hepatic fat accumulation, and downregulated <i>mlxipl</i> and <i>acaca</i> expression in the muscle, potentially modulating interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. While these effects were more pronounced in the fish oil-injected group, long-term NP effects differed between the liver and muscle, including decreased hepatic but increased muscular <i>n</i>−3 LC-PUFA deposition, and downregulated hepatic but upregulated muscular β-oxidation in fish oil-injected adult fish. Gene expression analysis revealed altered hepatic enzymes involved in DNA (de)methylation and histone modification, implicating epigenetic mechanisms in the long-term NP effects of early <i>n</i>−3 PUFA and <i>n</i>−3 LC-PUFA exposure. Thus, linseed and fish oil enrichment during the alevin stage induces long-term alterations in lipid metabolism and enhances muscular <i>n</i>−3 LC-PUFA deposition in adult Nile tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147301393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meat Quality of European Flat Oyster Cultivated at Different Distances From Finfish Cages in a Mediterranean Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) System","authors":"E. Batır,&nbsp;M. Yıldız,&nbsp;Ö. Metin,&nbsp;G. Papini,&nbsp;D. Pensa,&nbsp;M. Magdy,&nbsp;L. Grosso,&nbsp;A. Fianchini,&nbsp;İ. Aydın,&nbsp;M. Rampacci,&nbsp;A. Rakaj","doi":"10.1155/anu/8152399","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/8152399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the nutritional profile of European flat oysters (<i>Ostrea edulis</i>) cultivated in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system in Gaeta, Italy. Oysters were deployed for 257 days, 8 July 2023–21 March 2024, at two distances from gilthead seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) cages: 20 m, representing high exposure to fish-derived waste, and 800 m, reflecting reduced waste influence and greater phytoplankton availability. The objective was to evaluate how proximity to fish cages, combined with seasonal variability, influences oyster nutritional quality and to identify optimal spatial arrangements in IMTA systems. Sampling occurred in summer, autumn, winter, and spring to capture seasonal changes in physiology and nutrition. Oysters at the distant site showed consistently higher nutritional quality, attributed to greater phytoplankton access and dilution of fish waste. Crude protein content ranged from 4.49% to 7.81%, with the highest values recorded at the distant site. Crude lipid levels peaked at 1.31% in March, linked to prereproductive nutrient accumulation. Arginine and lysine were the most abundant essential amino acids (EAAs), with significantly higher arginine levels at the distant site during late autumn and early spring. These findings emphasize the spatial planning and seasonality in IMTA, supporting sustainable aquaculture, ecosystem services, and nutrient-rich seafood production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147301452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Assessment of the Extract of Phycobiliproteins Derived From Arthrospira platensis: Acute Toxicity Studies in Pacific Oysters","authors":"T. A. Kukhareva,&nbsp;A. A. Tkachuk,&nbsp;M. S. Podolskaya,&nbsp;A. B. Borovkov,&nbsp;E. S. Chelebieva,&nbsp;V. V. Parfenov,&nbsp;A. Yu. Andreyeva","doi":"10.1155/anu/2172814","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/2172814","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since shellfish farming has the potential to help feed a growing human population, it is crucial to anticipate new opportunities to improve the health of bivalves on farms and hatcheries. Phycobiliproteins (PBPs), natural nutritional components, are considered promising as immunomodulatory feed additives for aquaculture. The aim of this study was to examine the acute toxicity of a PBP extract obtained from <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> biomass for commercially important bivalve species, the Pacific oyster (<i>Magallana gigas</i> (Thunberg, 1793)). The PBP extract was added to water at final concentrations of 2, 20, and 200 μg/mL for a 24 and 48-h exposure period. Compared to the control group, there were no treatment-related biological effects on oyster mortality or induction of apoptosis or cellular death of hemocytes. However, exposure to the PBP extract significantly increased the respiratory rate of the oysters for 24–48 h. In the high-dose group (200 μg/mL), a reduction in the activity of nonspecific cytoplasmic esterases and an increase in DNA damage levels in hemocytes were observed. Examinations of heat shock protein expression (HSP70 and HSP90) in the gills showed up-regulation of HSP90 at a 200 μg/mL extract concentration after a 24 h exposure period and at all studied concentrations after 48 h of exposure. Although oysters in the high-dose group displayed signs of genotoxicity and reduced nonspecific esterase activity of hemocytes, other parameters measured indicated low toxicity of the extract. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of the PBP extract for adult Pacific oysters was determined as a concentration in water below 200 μg/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12927954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Calcium and Magnesium Levels on the Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Deposition, Exoskeleton Development, and Molting Performance of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Han Chen,&nbsp;WenBin Liu,&nbsp;YueYun Guo,&nbsp;SiSi Xiong,&nbsp;ZiShang Liu,&nbsp;YanZou Dong,&nbsp;BeiLe Ye,&nbsp;Lei Xu,&nbsp;Pan Wang,&nbsp;XiangFei Li","doi":"10.1155/anu/4186013","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/4186013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Calcium and magnesium are essential mineral elements for animal growth and development, playing crucial roles in skeletal formation, particularly in the molting process of crustaceans. However, their interaction is still poorly elucidated. This study investigated the effects of dietary calcium and magnesium levels on the growth performance, tissue deposition of calcium and magnesium, exoskeleton development, and molting performance of Chinese mitten crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>). A 2 × 4 factorial design was adopted to formulate eight experimental diets, comprising two targeted calcium levels (1% and 2%) and four targeted magnesium levels (0.15%, 0.3%, 0.45%, and 0.6%). These diets were fed to crabs with an initial body weight of 40.46 ± 0.47 g for a 10-week period. The results showed that increased dietary calcium levels significantly reduced the weight gain rate (WGR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), carapace hardness, tissue (hepatopancreas, intestine, and muscle) calcium content, the expressions of genes related to calcium and magnesium absorption in the hepatopancreas, and the expressions of genes associated with molting and exoskeleton development. In contrast, it decreased the levels of molting hormone in hemolymph, chitinase (CHI) activity in the epidermis, and the expressions of genes encoding the molting hormone receptor and CHI in the hepatopancreas. The highest WGR was observed at a magnesium level of 0.6%, which also significantly enhanced carapace hardness and methyl farnesoate (MF) content in hemolymph, but significantly suppressed the expressions of chitin synthase genes in the hepatopancreas. Moreover, at 1% calcium level groups, increased dietary magnesium levels significantly upregulated the expressions of magnesium absorption-related genes. At 2% calcium level groups, with increasing dietary magnesium levels, the expressions of intestinal calcium absorption-related genes initially decreased then increased, while those of hepatopancreas calcium absorption-related genes significantly increased. Furthermore, significant interactive effects between dietary calcium and magnesium levels were observed on WGR, carapace hardness, collagen fiber content, CHI activity, and molting hormone levels in hemolymph. In conclusion, the interaction between dietary calcium and magnesium levels significantly influenced the growth performance, exoskeleton development, and molting of <i>E. sinensis</i>. An increase in dietary calcium levels should be accompanied by an appropriate elevation in magnesium levels in formulated feeds for this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12913223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrolysed Feather Meal Inclusion in Low Fishmeal Diets for Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)","authors":"Francesco Bordignon,&nbsp;Luiza Coutinho Costa,&nbsp;Cecília de Souza Valente,&nbsp;Marlise Mauerwerk,&nbsp;Luisa Helena Cazarolli,&nbsp;Caio Henrique do Nascimento Ferreira,&nbsp;Wilson Rogério Boscolo,&nbsp;Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester","doi":"10.1155/anu/9967265","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/9967265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global transition toward low-fishmeal formulations has intensified the search for sustainable and digestible protein alternatives in shrimp aquaculture. Enzymatically hydrolysed feather meal (HFM) represents a promising high-protein ingredient with enhanced digestibility and bioactive potential. This study evaluated the effects of graded HFM inclusion (0%–5%) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, and muscle composition of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> juveniles. Five isonitrogenous (40.2 ± 1.9% crude protein) and isolipidic (12.3 ± 1.4% crude lipids) diets were formulated with 0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5.0% HFM, replacing part of the soybean meal while maintaining a constant fishmeal inclusion (6%). A total of 100 shrimp (initial weight 1.2 ± 0.1 g; initial length 4.3 ± 0.3 cm) were randomly distributed into 20 tanks (4 tanks per diet; 20 shrimp per diet) and reared for 50 days under controlled clear-water conditions. Growth performance, feed efficiency, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, and abdominal muscle composition were analysed using one-way ANOVA and polynomial regressions. Growth and feed conversion ratio were unaffected by HFM inclusion (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Lipase, cellulase, and carbohydrate-digesting enzymes remained stable, while trypsin and chymotrypsin showed a mild increase at 1.25%–2.5% inclusion. Glutathione peroxidase activity tended to increase (<i>p</i> = 0.10), whereas reduced glutathione was significantly lower in all HFM-fed groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and glutathione reductase remained unchanged. Muscle protein and moisture were unaffected, while ether extract showed a modest but significant increase (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, enzymatically HFM can be safely incorporated up to 5% in low-fishmeal diets for <i>P. vannamei</i> without impairing growth, digestive function, antioxidant defence, or flesh composition, supporting its potential as a sustainable ingredient for modern shrimp feeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Two Different Polarity Extracts of Angelica sinensis on Growth, Body Composition, and Metabolism in Juvenile Carp","authors":"Huatao Li,&nbsp;Haijing Liu,&nbsp;Guichuan Chen,&nbsp;Wang Xiong,&nbsp;Boyan Li,&nbsp;Qihui Yang,&nbsp;Jing Xu,&nbsp;Gangfu Chen","doi":"10.1155/anu/8840979","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/8840979","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the effects of low and high polarity extracts (LPE and HPE) of <i>Angelica sinensis</i> (AS) on growth, body composition, and metabolism in carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i> var. Jian). Over a 42-day period, 780 fish were randomly separated into 13 groups with three replicate aquariums respectively. Thirteen groups received the feeding of basic diet, six LPE diets, and six HPE diets, respectively. The results indicated that dietary LPE decreased weight gain (WG), condition factor (CF), the activities of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), trypsin and lipase in digestive organs, plasma total amino acids (TAAs), triglyceride (TG) and ammonia levels, lipid productive value (LPV), and ammonia excretion rate (AER; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and α-amylase in digestive organs, the content of total protein (TP) and glucose (GLU) in plasma, protein productive value (PPV), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and O:N ratio in carp (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). At the same time, dietary HPE increased WG, CF, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), trypsin and lipase in digestive organs, the content of TP in plasma and LPV, PPV, OCR, and O:N ratio (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and decreased the activities of GOT and GPT in hepatopancreas as well as the content of ammonia, TAA, and GLU in plasma of carp (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). According to the above findings, dietary LPE inhibits the growth and accumulation of body lipid and enhances the accumulation of body proteins by decreasing the digestion and absorption of lipids as well as amino acid catabolism, and increasing the catabolism of sugar and fat in fish. Dietary HPE enhances the growth and accumulation of body lipid and proteins by decreasing the catabolism of amino acid and increasing the digestion and absorption of proteins and lipids and the catabolism of sugar in fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Dietary Dunaliella salina Supplementation Enhances Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, Stress Tolerance, and Carotenoid-Based Pigmentation in Juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)","authors":"Chen Qian,&nbsp;Jinghao Li,&nbsp;Yawen Zhang,&nbsp;Yongxu Cheng,&nbsp;Jiayao Li","doi":"10.1155/anu/3727931","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3727931","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To meet the growing market demand for high-quality red swamp crayfish (<i>Procambarus clarkii</i>), nutritional strategies are needed to improve both health and visual traits. The microalga <i>Dunaliella salina</i>, renowned for its rich natural β-carotene content, presents a promising solution. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with <i>D. salina</i> powder at five graded levels (0%, 0.34%, 0.67%, 1.34%, and 2.00%) on juvenile crayfish over a 60-day feeding trial. Results demonstrated that weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were highest in the 2.00% supplementation group. Notably, a low inclusion level of 0.34% significantly promoted ovarian development, as evidenced by the highest gonadosomatic index (GSI) and digestive enzyme activities. Antioxidant capacity (AOC, total superoxide dismutase [T-SOD], total AOC [T-AOC]) and nonspecific immunity (alkaline phosphatase [AKP]) were maximally enhanced at 0.67% inclusion. Most importantly, dietary <i>D. salina</i> was efficiently converted to astaxanthin and deposited in tissues, with carapaces and ovaries coloration parameters showing a strong, dose-dependent correlation with carotenoid accumulation. Regression analysis identified an optimal inclusion range of 1.23%–1.53% for maximizing carotenoid deposition, immune function, and AOC. Furthermore, the 2.00% supplementation group exhibited the highest tolerance to air exposure stress. Our findings provide definitive, data-driven insights for the precise application of <i>D. salina</i> in functional crayfish feeds, facilitating the industry’s transition from quantity-focused production to quality- and value-driven aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12881992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Supplemental Effective Microorganisms in Feed on the Growth, Lipid Deposition and GH–IGF-I Axis of the Blunt Snout Bream Megalobrama amblycephala","authors":"Hao Zhu,&nbsp;Fan Wu,&nbsp;Xuan Che,&nbsp;Jinxing Xiao","doi":"10.1155/anu/5564422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5564422","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an effective microorganism (EM)-based microbial inoculum on the growth and expression of related genes in 1-year-old healthy <i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>. The bacterial strains included <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Bacillus velezensis</i>, <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> and <i>Lactococcus</i> sp. The fish were randomly divided into five groups: one group was fed a basal diet (control group), and the other groups were provided feed containing EMs at levels of 5, 10, 20 or 40 g/kg. The growth performance, gastrointestinal digestive enzyme activity and expression of the growth hormone (GH), GH receptor A (GHRA), GH receptor B (GHRB) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in the liver of <i>M. amblycephala</i> after 60 days of outdoor cage culture were analysed. The weight gain rate for <i>M. amblycephala</i> significantly increased when EM was added to the feed, and the 10 g/kg EM group had the greatest weight gain, which was 7.34% higher than that of the control group; this group also presented the highest intestinal protease and lipase activities. Regarding hormone levels, GH, GHRA, GHRB and IGF-1 expression levels were highest in the 10 g/kg EM group. Additionally, EM addition significantly improved lipoprotein metabolism in the liver, resulting in a decrease in low-density lipoprotein levels and an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels. The results of this study suggest that EM supplementation in feed improves the growth performance of <i>M. amblycephala</i>, reduces the risk of fatty liver and affects the expression of growth genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5564422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Corn Fermented Protein as a Primary Protein Source on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Efficiency, Hemolymph Biochemical Parameters, and Physiological and Digestive Gene Expression of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Khanh Q. Nguyen,&nbsp;Cristhian San Andres,&nbsp;Adela N. Araujo,&nbsp;Trenton L. Corby,&nbsp;Melanie A. Rhodes,&nbsp;Scott Tilton,&nbsp;Timothy J. Bruce,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis","doi":"10.1155/anu/7696899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7696899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to determine the effect of replacing fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), and corn protein concentrate (CPC) in an equal ratio with corn fermented protein (CFP) on Pacific white shrimp, <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> growth, feed utilization efficiency, hemolymph parameters, and physiological gene expression. A green water recirculation system was employed with a stocking density of 30 shrimp per tank (~35 shrimp/m²) and an initial weight of 0.216 ± 0.007 g (mean ± standard deviation). Six experimental diets were investigated over 8 weeks. The primary protein sources in the basal diet were systematically replaced (0% – 25% diet) with CFP. No significant changes in shrimp growth indicators were found between shrimp reared on the various diets (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05). We found few significant differences in feed utilization efficiency (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05), but especially for feed conversion ratio (FCR; <i>p</i> = 0.372) shifts in net phosphorus retention (PR; <i>p</i>  &lt; 0.001) were significant. Physiological gene expression analysis revealed no signs of gut inflammation or digestive enzyme disorders (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05). At the same time, the hemolymph index exhibited similar patterns with no statistically significant outcome (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05). The results showed that, under a setting with natural productivity, different replacement levels did not impair the growth response, feed consumption, physiological gene expression, and hemolymph indicators of Pacific white shrimp when appropriately balanced with other protein sources. The results demonstrated the feasibility of replacing the primary protein source with CFP in practical feed applications. Overall, using CFP in shrimp feed formulation resulted in a good growth rate with no adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7696899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}