Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A Nutritional Bioenergetic Model for Farmed Fish: Effects of Food Composition on Growth, Oxygen Consumption and Waste Production","authors":"Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou,&nbsp;Ep H. Eding,&nbsp;Nikos Papandroulakis,&nbsp;Konstadia Lika","doi":"10.1155/anu/9010939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9010939","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The study of flow and transformation of energy and nutrients via mathematical modelling provides an in silico tool approach for designing scientific experiments, improving precision in aquaculture production and reducing the need for experimental animals. The proposed nutritional bioenergetics model is based on the dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, a mechanistic framework to study individual metabolism. The model is an extension of the typical DEB models in that it includes a digestion module where the protein and non-protein food components contribute to assimilation via the concept of a synthesising unit (SU). The model allows predictions for measurable quantities of interest for aquaculture, including feeding rate, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide, ammonia and solid waste production, under various temperatures and feeding conditions, both in terms of quantity and macronutrient composition. The feeding schedule’s effects, such as the diurnal variation in waste production in response to feeding frequency, are also captured. The model quantifies the effects of the dietary protein-to-energy ratio on food intake and assimilation; energy-rich diets or those with excessive or poor amounts of protein show reduced intake. The model has been parametrised and validated for rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) to demonstrate its capabilities. Testing the model with diverse datasets has shown that it predicts weight gain well, and to a lesser extent, oxygen consumption and total ammonia production. The proposed model could be a useful in silico tool for fish researchers, technicians and farm operators.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9010939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Performance of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Fed Low Fish Meal Diets With an Innovative Mixture of Low Trophic Ingredients","authors":"Anna Tampou,&nbsp;Katerina Kousoulaki,&nbsp;Antigoni Vasilaki,&nbsp;Nikolaos Vlahos,&nbsp;Eleni Nikouli,&nbsp;Nikolas Panteli,&nbsp;Konstantinos Feidantsis,&nbsp;Konstantinos Kormas,&nbsp;Styliani Andreopoulou,&nbsp;Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis,&nbsp;Panagiotis Berillis,&nbsp;Ioannis Nengas,&nbsp;Efthimia Antonopoulou,&nbsp;Eleni Mente","doi":"10.1155/anu/7504207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7504207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study examined the growth performance, cellular signaling, and gut microbiome of gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) fed four diets using low-trophic-level ingredients for 65 days. Control (C) diet contained fish meal (FM) as the main protein source and fish oil (FO) as a lipid source. In the 0%FMFO diet all FM and FO present in the C diet was replaced with a combination of microalgae, insect meal (IM), and tunicate meal (TM). IM and TM diets were formulated to contain 20% of the novel protein ingredients, replacing 68.09% and 45.91% of FM in diet C, respectively. Compared to diet C, feed utilization and growth performance of <i>S</i>. <i>aurata</i> fed 0%FMFO diet was not different (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) and TM diet had a significantly lower (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05) specific growth rate (SGR), higher (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and decreased fillet lipid content (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In liver and foregut of fish fed TM diet the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) significant increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), indicating higher glycolytic potential, whereas the decrease in Hsp70, Hsp90, AMPK, and p38 MAPK may indicate reduced stress response. Fish midgut microbiome included beneficial taxa for the host. The results suggested that the mixture of algae, insect, and TM could replace all FM and FO in gilthead sea bream diets without affecting the fish growth performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7504207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Glycine Supplementation on Growth and Hematological Indices in Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)","authors":"Trinh H. V. Ngo,&nbsp;Marty Riche,&nbsp;Timothy J. Bruce,&nbsp;Luke A. Roy,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis","doi":"10.1155/anu/8641915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8641915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>With the rising incorporation of alternative protein sources in fish diets, understanding amino acid (AA) supplementation strategies, including glycine, optimizes fish growth performance and immune function. A 12-week feeding trial evaluated the effect of dietary glycine (Gly) supplementation on the growth performance and blood biochemistry of juvenile Florida pompano (<i>Trachinotus carolinus</i>; 19.55 ± 0.32 g). Experimental diets incorporated soybean meal (SBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), and corn protein concentrate, and were formulated to contain 40% crude protein and 8% crude lipid. Glycine was supplemented at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%, with alanine (Ala) adjustments to ensure all diets were isonitrogenous. Growth metrics, including final weight (FW) (85.21–90.93 g), weight gain (WG) (336%–366%), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.61–1.69), showed no significant differences among treatments. A significant linear decrease in the hepatosomatic index (<i>R</i>² = 0.244, <i>p</i> = 0.027), stable liver enzymes, and a significant increase in serum cholesterol at 1% glycine supplementation (<i>R</i>² = 0.507; <i>p</i> = 0.002) suggest that glycine may influence hepatic metabolism, potentially through enhanced bile acid conjugation. Whole-body proximate composition and AA profiles remained unchanged, and serum lysozyme activity (SLA) showed no significant variation across treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.730). These findings suggest that glycine supplementation did not enhance growth but influenced some metabolic parameters. Further research is suggested to clarify the underlying mechanisms under various cultural conditions and stress challenges.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8641915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Unveil Key Regulators of Feed Efficiency in Larimichthys crocea on Fishmeal-Free Diets","authors":"Yuhan Jin,&nbsp;Gongsi Wang,&nbsp;Peng Ren,&nbsp;Lining Zhang,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai,&nbsp;Yunzhang Sun,&nbsp;Fang Han,&nbsp;Zhiyong Wang","doi":"10.1155/anu/2147842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2147842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Understanding the molecular underpinnings of feed efficiency (FE) is crucial for advancing sustainable aquaculture, particularly under fishmeal-free (FM-free) dietary strategies. This study investigated the physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic differences between high-FE and low-FE <i>Larimichthys crocea</i> individuals fed a plant-based diet. High-FE fish exhibited significantly higher activities of hepatic amylase (AMS), hepatic lipase (HL), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), as well as changed serum albumin (ALB) and peroxidase (POD) levels, suggesting enhanced digestive function and antioxidant capacity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 239 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with significant enrichment in steroid biosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis, and autophagy pathways. Genes involved in glycolysis were downregulated, indicating a metabolic shift toward increased reliance on lipid and protein catabolism. Metabolomic profiling identified 359 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), primarily comprising lipids and amino acids, enriched in pathways related to amino acid metabolism, energy production, and ABC transporter activity. Integrative O2PLS and correlation analyses identified tightly linked gene–metabolite pairs, such as <i>pfkp</i> and peptide fragment, and highlighted <i>mao</i> as a regulatory factor that links energy and protein digestion. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified five hub genes (<i>tpi1</i>, <i>tktl2</i>, <i>fdps</i>, <i>pgam1</i>, and <i>ldha</i>) that are central to metabolic coordination. These findings offer comprehensive insights into the metabolic reprograming and regulatory mechanisms underlying enhanced FE in <i>L. crocea</i>, highlighting potential molecular targets for selective breeding and feed optimization in FM-free aquaculture systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2147842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ivy (Hedera helix) Leaf Extract on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Hematological Parameters, Innate Immunity, and the Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Raha Fadaei,&nbsp;Ahmad Noori,&nbsp;Arash Akbarzadeh,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar,&nbsp;Marina Paolucci","doi":"10.1155/anu/4030680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4030680","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Herbal bioactive compounds are effective in enhancing the antioxidant and immune status of fish, as they effectively neutralize oxidative stress. The present study examined the effectiveness of Ivy (<i>Hedera helix</i>) leaf extract (ILE) on growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant parameters, and the expression of immune-related genes in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). Four test diets were prepared as follows: a control diet at 0 mg of ILE (ILE0) and diets of 100 mg (ILE100), 150 mg (ILE150), and 200 mg (ILE200) of ILE/kg. A total number of 240 rainbow trout, with an initial weight of 6.38 ± 0.30 g, were divided into 12 tanks and fed on the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Results indicated that ILE150 and ILE200 exhibited significantly higher final weight (FW), weight gain, and specific growth rate compared to the control and ILE100 treatments. Additionally, fish fed with ILE showed significantly higher activity of digestive enzymes, including trypsin, pepsin, proteases, lipase, and amylase compared to the control group. The experimental diets also significantly affected hematological indices, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and their highest levels were observed in ILE150 and ILE200. Furthermore, a notable reduction was observed in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in all ILE-supplemented diets. Serum antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), significantly increased in ILE150 and ILE200, but serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly declined in treatments fed with ILE compared to the control group. Alternative complement, total immunoglobulin, total protein, and lysozyme levels were significantly higher in ILE-supplemented-diet treatments. The results also showed a significant upregulation of immune-related genes, such as interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and lysozyme, in ILE150 and ILE200 compared to the control and ILE100. In conclusion, administering ILE at doses of 150–200 mg/kg diet could improve the growth performance and immune-antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4030680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Coelastrella tenuitheca Isolate Enhances Growth, Immunity, and Gene Expression in Whiteleg Shrimp","authors":"Mohamed Ashour,&nbsp;Fawzia S. Ali,&nbsp;Ahmed Mamoon,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Mabrouk,&nbsp;Ahmed I. A. Mansour,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Abdelhamid,&nbsp;Abdallah Tageldein Mansour,&nbsp;Ehab Mohamed,&nbsp;Mostafa Elshobary","doi":"10.1155/anu/4019255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4019255","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In this study, the freshwater microalga <i>Coelastrella terrestris</i> NIOF17/005 was utilized as a feed additive for the Pacific whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>). <i>Coelastrella terrestris</i> was characterized morphologically, phylogenetically (using 18s rRNA), and biochemically. Shrimp diets were supplemented with <i>C. terrestris</i> at 0, 1, 2.5, and 5 g/kg. After a 56-day feeding trial, the biochemical analysis of <i>C. terrestris</i> revealed a composition of 38.12% protein, 37.82% lipids, and 15.75% carbohydrates, with valuable bioactive compounds including polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant substrates. The supplementation of 2.5 g/kg <i>C. terrestris</i> significantly improved the growth performance of <i>L. vannamei</i> (10.23 g final weight), survival rate (92.67%), and feed conversion ratio (1.71). The whole-body composition analysis of <i>L. vannamei</i> indicated enhanced protein content (59.74%) and lipid content (7.92%) in the algal-supplemented groups in comparison to the control. Digestive enzyme activities of amylase and lipase increased significantly, with peak activities observed at 2.5 g/kg supplementation (49.55 and 60.06 IU/L, respectively). Nonspecific immunity parameters, including lysozyme (4.47 µg/mL), superoxide dismutase (SOD; 10.77 IU/g), and catalase (CAT; 10.47 IU/g) activities, were substantially elevated in shrimp-fed <i>C. terrestris</i>-supplemented diets, with optimal levels at 2.5 g/kg. The gene expression analysis showed that both studied growth-related genes and immunity-related genes were upregulated. These genes reached their maximum expression at a supplementation level of 2.5 g/kg, with the expression levels being approximately 2–3 times higher in the supplemented group in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggested that the inclusion of <i>C. terrestris</i> NIOF17/005 (2.5 g/kg) into shrimp feed formulations could enhance productivity, improve shrimp health, and potentially increase the sustainability of shrimp farming operations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4019255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplementation With Fish Oil Enhances the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Female Broodstock Haliotis discus hannai","authors":"Weiguang Zou,&nbsp;Jiacheng Gan,&nbsp;Yanbo Liu,&nbsp;Yawei Shen,&nbsp;Jiawei Hong,&nbsp;Yaobin Ma,&nbsp;Chunxiang Ai,&nbsp;Xuan Luo,&nbsp;Weiwei You,&nbsp;Caihuan Ke","doi":"10.1155/anu/9987051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9987051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Macroalgae have long been utilized as a natural feed source in abalone aquaculture. The switch to formulated feeds improves nutritional control while reducing the cost instability of natural feeds. Recently, lipid supplementation has received a lot of attention since it is essential to the early developmental and broodstock stages of aquatic species. The present study aimed to investigate how the growth and reproductive performances of female broodstock <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> were affected by the dietary supplementation of five lipids: fish oil (FO), perilla seed oil (PO), safflower oil (SO), olive oil (OO), and lard (LO). A total of 500 adult female abalones were randomly divided into five groups (four replicates per group) and fed with five lipid-supplemented diets for 90 days. The LO group was the worst (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while the FO group significantly showed the best growth performance, gonad index (GI), fertility, fertilization rate, larvae hatching rate, and larval attachment rate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the FO and PO groups exhibited significantly higher levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), vitellogenin (VTG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), progesterone (PROG), and 17β-estradiol (E₂) than the LO group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), indicating their higher ovarian developmental maturity. Furthermore, histological and fatty acid analysis revealed that the FO group contained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which may contribute to ovarian maturation and egg quality. Therefore, the best lipids for improving the growth and reproductive performances of female abalone might be FO enriched in highly unsaturated fatty acids rather than plant-derived lipids, providing new insights into nutritional research and applications in vegetarian mollusks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9987051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pomelo Peel and Soybean Meal Fermented Compound as Feedstuff for Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea): A Study on Growth and Intestinal Health","authors":"Zi-Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Hang Hong,&nbsp;Yi-Ling Li,&nbsp;Guo-He Cai,&nbsp;Pan Wang,&nbsp;Chuang-Zhong Zhu,&nbsp;Kang-Le Lu,&nbsp;Hong-Ling Yang,&nbsp;Yun-Zhang Sun","doi":"10.1155/anu/6556868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6556868","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Pomelo peel is a main by-product of pomelo consumption, while most of the by-products are discarded as wastes with environmental threats. Indeed, it contains many nutrients and bioactive ingredients, which makes it a promising source of aquatic feedstuff. In this study, a 56-day feeding trial was set out to assess the dietary application of pomelo peel and soybean meal (SBM) (1:4 ratio) fermented compound (PSFC) in large yellow croaker (<i>Larimichthys crocea</i>). Results indicated that dietary PSFC improved weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), but did not affect feed utilization, body shape parameters and survival rate (SR) of croakers. Moreover, PSFC significantly decreased serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and <i>D</i>-lactate concentration, increased muscle thickness and villus height, as well as upregulated <i>occludin</i>, <i>claudin-11</i>, <i>ZO-1</i> and <i>JAM</i> mRNA levels. The inhibition of proinflammatory <i>IL-1</i>β and promotion of anti-inflammatory <i>IL-4/13b</i> and <i>IL-10</i> expressions were documented in croakers fed with PSFC. Dietary PSFC upregulated intestinal <i>TLR1</i>, <i>TLR2A</i>, and <i>TLR2B</i> expression, which had significantly positive correlations with improved inflammatory status. Furthermore, PSFC application caused clear alterations in the intestinal microbiota of croakers, which characterized with decreased relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota and Acidobacteriota and increased relative abundances of <i>unclassified_Muribaculaceae</i> and <i>Akkermansia</i>. Overall, PSFC can significantly improve growth and intestinal health of <i>L. crocea</i>, and showed potential as protein source on <i>L. crocea</i> culture. This work offers a novel insight into the development of fermented protein sources for aquafeeds using pomelo peel and SBM as fermentation ingredients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6556868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Diatom Skeletonema costatum Dietary Supplementation Improves Growth, Immunological Responses, Antioxidant Activities, Gene Expressions, and Digestive Enzymes of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Mohamed Ashour,&nbsp;Einar Ringø,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Mabrouk,&nbsp;Ahmed I. A. Mansour,&nbsp;Mohammed A. E. Naiel,&nbsp;Abdallah Tageldein Mansour,&nbsp;Rabee M. A. Gheetas,&nbsp;Ehab Mohamed,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Abdelhamid","doi":"10.1155/anu/5013608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5013608","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This work highlighted the impact of dry concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg diet) of the marine diatom species <i>Skeletonema costatum</i> (SK_0%, SK_0.1%, SK_0.2%, and SK_0.4%, respectively) as an aquafeed additive on the postlarvae of Pacific whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>). During an 8-week feeding trial, the impact of <i>S. costatum</i> on growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidant activities, immunity-associated gene expressions, and immunological responses of Pacific white shrimp was investigated. The protein, lipid, and carbohydrates of <i>S. costatum</i> were 33.50%, 35.95%, and 11.87%, respectively. Shrimp reared in group SK_0.4% exhibited a significant improvement in growth performance indicators, compared to the other groups. The results showed that, compared to the control group (SK_0%), shrimp-fed <i>S. costatum</i> supplemented groups (SK_0.1%, SK_0.2%, and SK_0.4%) showed significantly (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05) higher amylase activities. Compared to the control group (SK_0%), shrimp-fed <i>S. costatum</i> groups (SK_0.1%, SK_0.2%, and SK_0.4%) demonstrated major significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) improvement in catalase and superoxide dismutase values. Shrimp reared in group SK_0.4% showed a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) improvement in lipase and lysozyme activities. The increasing levels of <i>S. costatum</i> dietary supplementation significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increase the relative gene expression of the p53-like protein isoform delta (<i>p53</i>) gene. SK_0.4% revealed a major significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increase in the relative gene expression of the prophenoloxidase (<i>PPO1</i>) and peroxiredoxin (<i>Prx</i>) genes. This study highlights the potential of <i>S. costatum</i> as a promising aquafeed additive enhancing growth performance and immunity of Pacific whiteleg shrimp health, opening the way for more sustainable shrimp aquaculture practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5013608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Pesticide Toxicity in Fish: Insights Into the Ameliorative Role of Plant-Derived Compounds—A Review","authors":"Sayyed Ali Moezzi,&nbsp;Sudabe Ramezani,&nbsp;Kiadokht Rezaei,&nbsp;Arash Javanshir Khoei","doi":"10.1155/anu/5328773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5328773","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Pesticide contamination in aquatic environments poses severe risks to fish health, causing oxidative stress, immunosuppression, endocrine disruption, and neurotoxicity. These effects result from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs), enzyme inhibition, and damage to physiological systems. Plant-derived compounds and phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids, offer a sustainable strategy to mitigate these toxic effects due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and detoxifying properties. Phytochemicals protect fish by scavenging ROS, upregulating antioxidant enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and enhancing detoxification pathways (i.e., cytochrome P450 enzymes and glutathione-S-transferase). They also reduce inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signaling and restore immune function by improving phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, phytochemicals counter endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity by stabilizing hormone levels and preventing the accumulation of acetylcholine in neural pathways. Incorporating plant-derived compounds into fish diets can reduce oxidative damage, strengthen immune responses, and enhance fish resilience to pesticide exposure. This review emphasizes the potential of phytochemicals to promote safer, more sustainable aquaculture practices. Further research on dosage and application methods could lead to significant advancements in aquatic toxicology and fish health management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5328773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}