Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Fish Meal Replacement in Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Diet With Alternative Protein Sources","authors":"Buddhi E. Gunathilaka,&nbsp;Geun-Up Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Min Lee","doi":"10.1155/anu/4630480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4630480","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Chum salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>) is an indigenous salmonid species found in Korea. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fish meal (FM) replacement with krill meal (KM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), meat meal (MM), and chicken byproduct meal (CBM) in chum salmon diets. A control diet was designed to contain 60% FM, 5% KM, and 8% SPC (FM60). Three diets were formulated to contain 45%, 30%, and 15% FM (FM45, FM30, and FM15). The reduced protein levels after FM replacement were supplied with a mixture of KM, SPC, MM, and CBM. Fish, averaging 5.94 ± 0.19 g, were fed four experimental diets or a commercial diet (COMF) for 6 weeks. Final body weight of fish fed FM30 and FM15 diets were significantly increased than fish fed COMF. Feed intake (FI) was significantly higher in FM60, FM45, and FM30 groups than COMF group. Condition factor (CF) was significantly higher in FM15 group compared to FM60 and COMF groups. Muscle saturated, highly unsaturated, and omega-3 fatty acids were significantly higher in COMF group compared to those of fish fed other diets. FM15 groups exhibited significantly lower EPA and DHA levels compared to FM60, FM45, and FM30 groups and significantly higher omega-6 levels compared to other groups. The results indicate that a mixture of KM, SPC, MM, and CBM can be used to replace FM in chum salmon diet down to 30%–15% while maintaining normal performance compared to diet containing 60% FM.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4630480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meals With and Without Stickwater Highly Utilized in Freshwater by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Parr","authors":"André S. Bogevik,&nbsp;Erika Hanson,&nbsp;Tor Andreas Samuelsen,&nbsp;Katerina Kousoulaki","doi":"10.1155/anu/8827164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8827164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal is a promising sustainable protein source for aquafeeds. Processing BSFL into meal and oil can be based on wet rendering technology where the raw material is heat treated and mechanically separated into press cake, stickwater (SW), and oil. In this study, to verify the effect of SW reincorporation into the press cake, dried BSFL cake and SW meal were included in feed mixes before extrusion. Four experimental feeds were prepared, containing 100 g kg⁻¹ BSFL meal with a cake/SW ratio of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 60/40 g kg⁻¹, respectively and compared to a control feed in a trial with Atlantic salmon parr reared in freshwater. The feeds had similar nutritional value and all feeds were highly digestible. The highest content of manganese (Mn) was found in the BSFL cake feed (120 mgkg⁻¹), was reduced with increased SW inclusion and lowest in the control feed. There were no dietary differences in growth or welfare with increased SW inclusion, and no negative impact of high dietary Mn levels. The high Mn content was not accumulated in the fish, and only resulted in an increased excretion of Mn. Further studies are needed to verify these results in Atlantic salmon postsmolt.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8827164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Plant-Based Diet During the First Month of Feeding on Alevin Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Development of Tongue Sensory System Regulating Feeding Behavior","authors":"Maud Martinat,&nbsp;Amelle Varvarais,&nbsp;Cécile Heraud,&nbsp;Anne Surget,&nbsp;Anthony Lanuque,&nbsp;Frederic Terrier,&nbsp;Jérôme Roy","doi":"10.1155/anu/6690967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6690967","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Taste perception is essential for animals to detect nutrients, providing critical dietary information necessary for growth and survival. Since the early growth performance of alevin rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) can be affected by food intake influenced by terrestrial ingredients without fish meal and fish oil, our study aimed to evaluate the role of taste receptors in nutrient detection and the associated signaling pathways leading to central nervous system activation in the regulation of feeding behavior. We conducted a nutritional experiment from the first feeding to 30 days, comparing the performance of fish fed a commercial-like diet (C diet: a blend of fish meal, fish oil, and plant ingredients) with those on a totally plant-based diet (V diet). After 5 and 30 days of feeding, fish were fasted for 16 h and then fed either the C or V diet, with sampling conducted at 20 min and 6 h post-meal. We evaluated the expression of nutrient-sensing genes related to fatty acids, amino acids, and sweetness, and taste receptor genes for flavors. Additionally, we examined calcium signaling pathways in the tongue, focusing on indolamine and catecholamine pathways, alongside appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the brain and intestinal hormones in the gut of alevins. Results indicated that fish on the V diet experienced a decrease in body weight gain starting 10 days after feeding to 30 days, along with changes in feed intake during the periods of 0–10 days and 21–30 days after the first meal. In tongue tissue, after 5 days of feeding, fish on the C diet showed a slight upregulation of nutrient taste receptors, but not those related to flavor, along with an upregulation of the calcium signaling pathway. By 30 days, there was a general upregulation of nutrient and flavor taste receptors, although the calcium signaling pathway showed less clear evidence of regulation. A significant dysregulation of the serotonin pathway, along with its degradation, was observed in the tongues of fish fed the V diet at both 5 and 30 days. For the first time in fish, catecholamine quantification levels in the tongue emerged as a potential marker for nutrient detection, with high quantification of L-DOPA after 5 days on the V diet, but much lower after 30 days. This impaired monoamine and catecholamine turnover in the tongue could be linked to a failure in activating the tongue-brain axis, potentially contributing to reduced food intake, as indicated by poorly regulated brain neuropeptides but also intestinal hormones in fish fed the V diet after 30 days. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the V diet disrupts the feeding response at an early stage, underscoring the heightened sensitivity of rainbow trout alevins’ tongue sensing systems to novel food sources during critical early development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6690967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Prey Selectivity and Feeding Habits of Wels Catfish (Silurus glanis L., 1758) in a Deep Anatolian Reservoir: Seasonal, Length, and Age-Dependent Diet Analysis","authors":"Ramazan Yazici,&nbsp;Mahmut Yilmaz,&nbsp;Okan Yazicioğlu","doi":"10.1155/anu/4619857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4619857","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Feeding habits and dietary preferences of wels catfish (<i>Silurus glanis</i>) were investigated in Sıddıklı Dam Lake through the examination of 200 individuals. The results revealed that the species predominantly exhibited piscivorous feeding characteristics, with <i>Tinca tinca</i> (IRI% = 78.93) identified as the primary food source. The food items in the stomach showed a wide spectrum, ranging from benthic invertebrates, crustaceans, molluscs, amphibians, and mammals to fishes. The study not only assessed the general food composition of wels catfish but also delved into the seasonal variations in diet composition. It was found that the stomach fullness index (FI) varied significantly among the seasons, with Winter showing the highest values (0.827). On the other hand, the lowest value was detected in the Autumn season (0.480). Age and length groups were also considered, with notable differences in stomach FI and diet composition observed across different stages of growth. Food preference analysis highlighted the selective tendencies of wels catfish towards certain food types, with <i>Atherina boyeri</i> and <i>T. tinca</i> emerging as preferred choices in different size groups. For small, medium, and large length individuals, the most preferred prey fish were <i>A. boyeri</i> (Va = 0.39518, <i>χ</i>2 = 31.2336), <i>T. tinca</i> (Va = 0.63564, <i>χ</i>2 = 82.8073) and <i>T. tinca</i> (Va = 0.666495, <i>χ</i>2 = 88.4307), respectively. The findings provide valuable insights into the feeding behaviour of wels catfish, underscoring the importance of understanding these patterns for effective management and conservation efforts. Further research should aim to explore the ecological implications of these feeding habits on the overall aquatic ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4619857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Substituting Fish Meal With Hydrolyzed Feather Meal on the Growth Performance, Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Yanhong Zhou,&nbsp;Hualiang Liang,&nbsp;Mingchun Ren,&nbsp;Dongyu Huang,&nbsp;Jiaze Gu","doi":"10.1155/anu/6564426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6564426","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>An 8-week breeding experiment was conducted to study the impacts of adding different levels (0%, 3.1%, 6.2%, 9.3%, 12.4%, and 15.5%) of hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) in place of fish meal (FM) in the feed on the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidative ability of juvenile largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>), with fishmeal substitution levels (FSLs) of 0% (control group; FSL0), 10% (FSL10), 20% (FSL20), 30% (FSL30), 40% (FSL40), and 50% (FSL50), respectively. The findings show that there were no notable differences observed among the different treatment groups when contrasted with FSL0. However, as the substitution level increased, final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) declined, while the feedback coefficient rate (FCR), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI) increased. With an increase in the FSL, catalase (CAT) activity increased in all the groups and was significantly higher in the FSL20 and FSL50 groups than the control group; SOD activities in FSL40 and FSL50 significantly increased, and the plasma MDA contents in FSL40 and FSL50 significantly decreased. The gene expression levels of IL-10 and IL-8 in the groups FSL20 to FSL50 significantly decreased. When compared with <i>FSL0</i>, the gene expression levels of <i>CHOP</i> and <i>ATF6</i> were also significantly lower in the FSL10 to FSL50 groups. The overall expression level of <i>ASK1</i> was significantly reduced in the FSL20 group. Similarly, the expression level of <i>JNK1</i> was also significantly reduced in the FSL20 group. To sum up, replacing FM with HFM at 50% did not impact the growth of juvenile largemouth bass. An FSL range of 20%–50% can enhance the antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass, reduce inflammation and stress states, and have beneficial effects on the body. It is beneficial for maintaining the healthy growth of largemouth bass.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6564426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low Molecular Weight Duck Blood Protein Hydrolysate as a Feed Additive on the Intestinal Microbiome, Antioxidant Activity, and Humoral Immune and Inflammatory Responses in Flowerhorn Fish","authors":"Pimpisut Manassila,&nbsp;Papungkorn Sangsawad,&nbsp;Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn,&nbsp;Jirawadee Kaewda,&nbsp;Pakpoom Boonchuen,&nbsp;Sirawich Limkul,&nbsp;Chatsirin Nakharuthai","doi":"10.1155/anu/9970984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9970984","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Food-derived bioactive peptides could serve as feed ingredients and/or feed additives. We investigated the health-promoting properties of low molecular weight duck blood protein hydrolysate (DBPH), fractionated by ultrafiltration with a 10 kDa molecular weight cut-off membrane, in flowerhorn fish. The analysis of molecular weight distribution revealed that the most common sizes of DBPH fell within the range of 3–7 kDa (39.68%), followed by &gt;7–10 kDa (20.69%), 1–3 kDa (23.03%), and &lt;1 kDa (9.00%). After 1 month of the feeding trial, fish fed with diets supplemented with 2% DBPH exhibited the highest growth, antioxidant activity, and humoral immune response enhancement under normal conditions. In addition, microbiome analysis confirmed that 2% DBPH possesses antimicrobial activity, as evidenced by the significant decrease in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and alpha diversity indexes, including Chao1 and Shannon. Compared to the control group, fish that were fed with diets supplemented with 2% DBPH exhibited a significantly higher abundance of the genera Cetobacterium and Romboutsia, which could serve as indicators of the overall health and well-being of the fish. After a <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> challenge, fish fed with diets supplemented with 2% DBPH exhibited an enhanced ability to modulate inflammatory genes, including interleukin (IL)-1<i>β</i>, IL-6, CC, and CXC chemokine as well as antioxidant gene expression (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)). Overall, dietary supplementation with 2% DBPH could improve the overall health of the flowerhorn fish by ameliorating humoral immune response, alleviating oxidative stress, and strengthening resistance against <i>S. agalactiae</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9970984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Coral Grow-Out Through an Integrated Aquaculture Approach","authors":"Rachel C. Neil,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Barton,&nbsp;Andrew Heyward,&nbsp;David S. Francis,&nbsp;Leo Nankervis,&nbsp;Thomas S. Mock,&nbsp;David G. Bourne,&nbsp;Craig Humphrey","doi":"10.1155/anu/1446195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/1446195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Some coral species in natural reef systems derive benefits from fish which live in close association with them. This study investigates the benefits of incorporating fish in ex situ coral culture to enhance coral physiological performance. Corals that typically have fish associations (<i>Acropora kenti</i> and <i>Pocillopora verrucosa</i>) and those that do not (<i>Porites lutea</i> and <i>Platygyra daedalea</i>) were grown in aquaria under different fish-associated treatments for 3 months. Physiological performance of the corals, including growth, protein content, symbiont density and photosynthetic efficiency were assessed in the different treatments where corals were (1) kept with a school of <i>Chromis viridis</i> fed a pelleted diet, (2) supplied filtered water from a tank housing <i>C. viridis</i>, (3) fed live feeds whilst maintained with <i>C. viridis</i>, (4) supplied only with live feeds, (5) supplied with a pelleted fish diet without <i>C. viridis</i> and (6) not supplied feeds and without <i>C. viridis</i>. Whilst the responses of the corals varied between species, generally, exposure to fish or fish-water increased the protein and/or symbiont density within coral tissue. <i>A. kenti</i> and <i>P. lutea</i>, which derive a higher proportion of their energy requirement from autotrophy, displayed improved growth in the fish treatments, whilst the more heterotrophic <i>P. verrucosa</i> grew fastest when supplied with live feeds. The more heterotrophic, slow-growing <i>P. daedalea</i> did not show significant improvements in growth under any of the treatments, and there were no major differences in photosynthetic efficiency between treatments in any of the corals. These results indicate that incorporating fish into coral culture could provide an accessible source of nitrogen and phosphorous enrichment via the dissolved portion of the fish’s wastes and, in turn, enhance the growth of corals more reliant on autotrophy, like Acroporids. The results point to potential efficiency gains for coral husbandry practices, with the aim of satisfying the growing demands of reef restoration and ornamental aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/1446195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Oral Effects of Alcoholic Extract of Wild Yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii) on Growth Performance, Immune, and Biochemical Serum Responses in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Maryam Shadmand,&nbsp;Amin Gholamhosseini,&nbsp;Azadeh Yektaseresht,&nbsp;Mahdi Banaee,&nbsp;Marzieh Heidarieh,&nbsp;Sara Bagheri,&nbsp;Mohammad Karimi,&nbsp;Milad Adel,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio","doi":"10.1155/anu/2360780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2360780","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Achillea wilhelmsii</i> (AW), a plant rich in flavonoids, including lutein, apigenin, rutin, and phenolic compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, is used in traditional medicine. In this study, the impact of AW extract on the growth, immune response, and biochemical indices of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) was investigated. Over 8 weeks, fish were fed diets supplemented with varying concentrations of AW extract (0%, 0.5%, 1%, or 2%). No significant differences were observed in growth performance, glucose levels, or key enzymes such as lactic acid dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between the AW-supplemented groups and the control group. However, fish that received AW supplementation showed significantly higher levels of total serum protein, lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Moreover, the AW-fed groups exhibited lower mortality after exposure to <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>. In conclusion, AW supplementation could enhance immune function in rainbow trout and decrease mortality after exposure to <i>Y. ruckeri</i>. Therefore, using this plant (1% and 2%) in aquaculture could be justified as a means to increase resistance to pathogens and improve the immune system performance of fish.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2360780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Nonenriched and Iron-Enriched Yeasts Improve Hematological and Antioxidant Parameters in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Fed on Diets Containing Cottonseed Meal","authors":"Seyyed Morteza Hoseini,&nbsp;Esmail Pagheh,&nbsp;Abbassali Aghaei Moghaddam,&nbsp;Behrouz Gharavi,&nbsp;Melika Ghelichpour","doi":"10.1155/anu/9955172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9955172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) as a partial substitute for soybean meal, along with iron-enriched and nonenriched <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (PTCC 5052) on growth performance, anemia, iron and gossypol retention, and hepatic antioxidant and histological characteristics in juvenile rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>. Fish (31.6 ± 0.33 g) were distributed across 16 tanks in four quadruplicate treatment groups. A control diet without CSM, a diet containing 15% CSM (CSM), a diet with 15% CSM plus 1 × 10⁸ cfu/g of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> (CSMY), and a diet with 15% CSM plus 1 × 10⁸ cfu/g of iron-enriched <i>S. cerevisiae</i> (CSMYFE) were fed to the treatment groups. After 8 weeks of feeding, there were no significant differences in growth performance, feed efficiency, total/differential leukocyte counts, plasma iron concentration, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hepatic antioxidant and histological characteristics among the treatment groups. Blood erythrocyte counts and hematological indices were similar across treatments, but the CSM group exhibited significantly lower blood hematocrit (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and hemoglobin (<i>p</i> = 0.002) levels compared to the other treatments. Hepatic iron concentration was significantly higher in the CSMYFE group than in the other treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Hepatic gossypol concentrations in the CSM, CSMY, and CSMYFE treatments were similar and significantly higher than that of the control treatment (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.001). Plasma total antioxidant capacity (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and ascorbate level (<i>p</i> = 0.025) were significantly elevated in the CSMY and CSMYFE groups compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, a dietary inclusion of 15% CSM as an alternative to soybean meal does not negatively affect fish growth performance, hepatic histology, or antioxidant parameters; however, it does result in decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels while increasing hepatic gossypol levels. The inclusion of <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, whether iron-enriched or nonenriched, mitigates the decreases in blood hematocrit and hemoglobin levels and enhances hepatic antioxidant parameters.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9955172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Cholesterol Supplementation in High Soybean Meal Diet on Growth, Lipid Metabolism, and Intestinal Health of Juvenile Rice Field Eel Monopterus albus","authors":"Kai Xie,&nbsp;Xiang Liu,&nbsp;Yong Shi,&nbsp;Minglang Cai,&nbsp;Jihong Dai,&nbsp;Junzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Hu","doi":"10.1155/anu/2233612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2233612","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The rising cost of fish meal (FM) in aquaculture feed has prompted the search for alternative protein sources like soybean meal (SBM). However, SBM-based diets can negatively affect fish growth, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health. One possible solution is to add cholesterol to SBM-based feeds to mitigate these adverse effects, but the optimal levels and the resulting benefits remain unclear. In this study, the impact of adding cholesterol to low FM and high soybean protein diets on the growth, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of <i>Monopterus albus</i> was evaluated. Juvenile <i>M. albus</i> (initial body weight of 20.00 ± 0.02 g) were fed a control diet with 42% FM + 22% SBM diet (FM group), 22% FM + 52% SBM diet (SBM group), and the SBM diet supplemented with 5 g/kg or 10 g/kg cholesterol (SBC5 and SBC10 groups, respectively). The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were significantly lower in the SBM group compared to the FM group, but WGR increased with the addition of 10 g/kg cholesterol. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased significantly in the SBM group, indicating liver stress, but returned to normal levels in the SBC10 group. Cholesterol supplementation also improved serum and liver lipid profiles and significantly increased the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the liver. In addition, cholesterol supplementation increased the activities of intestinal enzymes (e.g., amylase) and restored the structural integrity of the intestinal lining, including villus height and goblet cell count. Additionally, the SBC10 group exhibited a richer and more diverse intestinal microbiota, with increased abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. These findings demonstrate that supplementing 10 g/kg cholesterol in a high SBM diet improves growth performance, lipid metabolism, intestinal health, and gut microbiota composition in <i>M. albus</i>. This study provides a practical food-borne strategy to enhance the use of plant-based proteins in aquaculture while mitigating their negative effects, contributing to the sustainability of fish farming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2233612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}