Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary Phospholipids and Their Impact on Crustacean Physiology: Growth, Metabolism, Immunity, and Beyond","authors":"Hrishika Barua,&nbsp;Mahima Ranjan Acharjee,&nbsp;Stephen G. Giteru,&nbsp;Methila Chowdhury,&nbsp;Haizhou Wu,&nbsp;Lokesh Kumar,&nbsp;Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed","doi":"10.1155/anu/8180797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8180797","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Phospholipids (PL) are widely used as aquafeed to enhance aquaculture production, particularly in crustaceans. The most common source of PL for aquaculture is lecithin, which is derived from both animals (e.g., eggs) and plants (e.g., soybeans). Including optimal levels of PL in crustacean diets enhances growth performance, survivability, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism. PL is especially critical for early juveniles, as it supports osmoregulation by elevating Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. Furthermore, PL-enriched diets trigger energy metabolism, enhancing their physiological performance. In reproduction, PL provides energy for lipids mobilization and steroid transformation, improving the process of vitellogenesis in females. However, excessive PL can negatively affect the survival rate (SR), molting frequency (MF), condition factor (CF), and hepatosomatic index (HSI). This comprehensive review explores recent findings on how PL-enriched diets affect crustacean growth, metabolism, immunity, reproduction, gut microbiota, and osmoregulation. It also addresses gaps in our understanding of specific PL dietary needs for optimal crustacean health and productivity, offering evidence-based guidelines for effective PL supplementation in aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8180797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Replacement of Fish Meal With Cottonseed and Blood Meals on Growth, Serum Biochemistry, Body Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity in GIFT Tilapia Juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Xin Liu,&nbsp;Bo Liu,&nbsp;Qunlan Zhou,&nbsp;Cunxin Sun,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Zheng,&nbsp;Bo Liu","doi":"10.1155/anu/5535909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5535909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Nile tilapia of an initial average weight of 36.55 ± 0.15 g were stocked in 15 tanks at 20 fish per tank. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets (31.5% crude protein, 7.45% crude lipid) were formulated to replace 0% (D-0 diet), 25% (D-25 diet), 50% (D-50 diet), 75% (D-75), and 100% (D-100 diet) of fish meal (FM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) and blood meal (BM). After 60 days of rearing experiment, results showed that final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight gain rae (WGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), the whole-body crude proteins and ash content exhibited no significant change at D-25, D-50, and D-75 group (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) compared to the control. FBW, WGR, PER, SGR, crude protein, and ash were significantly lower, while FCR was significantly higher in D-100 compared to control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Serum biochemical activities indicated that albumin (ALB), triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) exhibited no significant change (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) among all treatments. However, glucose (GLU) concentration was significantly increased in the D-50 and D-75 groups compared with the control group. Meanwhile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly lower in the D-100 group, aspartate transaminase (AST) was significantly higher in D-25, D-50, D-75, and D-100 groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in D-75 group, and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) was lower in D-25 compared to the control group. These results suggest that D-75 is the optimal substitution level without adverse effects on GIFT tilapia juveniles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5535909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Different Microalgae Biomass Typologies Used in Rotifers Enrichment for Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae Nutrition","authors":"Daniela T. de Castro,&nbsp;Matthew Castaldi,&nbsp;Gil Martins,&nbsp;Tamára Santos,&nbsp;Hugo Pereira,&nbsp;Patrícia Diogo,&nbsp;João Varela,&nbsp;Paulo J. Gavaia","doi":"10.1155/anu/5351038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/5351038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The use of enriched rotifers with industrially produced microalgae represents a valuable tool for the enhancement of zebrafish larval nutrition and increased biological performance. Currently, a monoculture of microalgal species (<i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp.) in form of liquid paste is routinely used for rotifers enrichment for zebrafish larvae feeding; however, the most adequate typology (i.e., paste or freeze-dried) of the industrially produced microalgal biomass is still controversial. This work aimed to compare the effects of rotifers enriched with three different industrially produced microalgae species (i.e., <i>Nannochloropsis oceanica</i>, <i>Tetraselmis chui</i>, and <i>Tisochrysis lutea</i>) using paste and freeze-dried powder. Enriched rotifers were provided as feed during larval growth and the impact on growth and survival was evaluated. The use of enriched rotifers with both paste or freeze-dried microalgae improved growth compared to larvae fed exclusively with commercial microdiet. Larvae fed rotifers enriched with <i>N. oceanica</i> and <i>T. chui</i> attained higher weight and length both at 15 and 30 days postfertilization (dpf), while the use of microalgae in paste contributed to greater larvae lengths when compared to freeze-dried. The experimental results in this study revealed that <i>N. oceanica</i> and <i>T. chui</i> in paste are the most suitable microalgae forms to be used in zebrafish larvae nutrition and in the improvement of enrichment methodologies for rotifers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/5351038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methionine Promoted the Growth of Golden Pompano by Activating Intestinal Transport and TOR Signaling Pathway","authors":"Zhikang Song,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhou,&nbsp;Yingtao Li,&nbsp;Zhiwen Chen,&nbsp;Xingyuan Liu,&nbsp;Xinting Liu,&nbsp;Zhenzhu Sun,&nbsp;Chaoxia Ye","doi":"10.1155/anu/8592097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8592097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This experiment aimed to study the effects of methionine (Met) on growth performance, intestinal structure and transport, Met metabolism, and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in golden pompano (<i>Trachinotus ovatus</i>). Fish (9.12 ± 0.03 g) were fed with six diets with 0.79%, 0.90%, 1.01%, 1.12%, 1.23%, and 1.34% DL-Met for 8 weeks. Our study showed that Met supplementation significantly increased fish growth, villus length, crypt depth, and the mRNA levels of intestinal amino acid transporters including asc-type amino acid transporter 1 (<i>asc-1</i>), sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B (<i>asct2</i>), and cationic amino acid transporter1 (<i>cat1</i>) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Liver histological analysis revealed that Met addition improved cell swelling, nuclear migration, and hepatic vacuolation. Appropriate Met supplementation significantly increased mRNA level of key genes (methionine adenosyl transferase [<i>mat</i>], cystathionine beta-synthase [<i>cbs</i>], cystathionine γ-lyase [<i>cse</i>], and cysteine dioxygenase [<i>cdo</i>]) involved in transmethylation, transsulfuration metabolism, and taurine synthesis pathways. The level of 1.12%–1.23%, 1.12%, and 1.23% Met significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of S-adenosyl methionine/target of rapamycin (<i>samtor</i>), regulatory-associated protein of TOR (<i>raptor</i>), and ribosomal protein s6 (<i>s6</i>), respectively. The protein levels of protein kinase B (AKT), TOR, p-TOR, S6K, p-S6K, and p-S6 increased firstly and then decreased with increasing dietary Met supplementation. In conclusion, Met supplementation may promote growth of golden pompano by improving intestinal structure and amino acid transport, increasing transmethylation and transsulfuration metabolism, and activating TOR signaling pathways through SAMTOR and AKT.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8592097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Dietary Fishmeal Substitution by Full-Fat and Defatted Zophobas morio Larvae Meals on Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata): An Integrative Approach","authors":"Adamantia Asimaki,&nbsp;Pier Psofakis,&nbsp;Elli-Zafeiria Gkalogianni,&nbsp;Aikaterini-Maria Katouni,&nbsp;Panagiotis Berillis,&nbsp;Konstantinos A. Kormas,&nbsp;Christos I. Rumbos,&nbsp;Christos G. Athanassiou,&nbsp;Antigoni Vasilaki,&nbsp;Eleni Fountoulaki,&nbsp;Morgane Henry,&nbsp;Eleni Mente,&nbsp;Enric Gisbert,&nbsp;Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis","doi":"10.1155/anu/8885509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8885509","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study evaluated the dietary fishmeal substitution by full-fat (FF) and defatted (DF) <i>Zophobas morio</i> meals regarding growth, feed efficiency, proximate and fatty acid compositions, digestive enzymes activities, histology and midgut microbiota in gilthead seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>). Juveniles initially weighing 3.4 g were distributed to triplicate groups and fed at satiation six isonitrogenous (8.41%) and isocaloric (21 Mj/kg) diets for 100 days. An insect meal-free diet was the control (CTRL), two diets contained a FF <i>Z. morio</i> meal at 49 g/kg (FF-49) and 97 g/kg (FF-97), and three diets contained a DF <i>Z. morio</i> meal at 58 g/kg (DF-58), 116 g/kg (DF-116) and 174 g/kg (DF-174) at the expense of fishmeal. Neither the form nor the inclusion level of <i>Z. morio</i> meals affected the feed intake of fish denoting a similar acceptability to that of fishmeal. Fish survival, growth and feed efficiency were not impaired by all dietary inclusion levels of <i>Z. morio</i> meals. Proximate composition of fish was altered but without indicating a clear correlation with the form or inclusion level of <i>Z. morio</i>. Increasing inclusions of both forms of <i>Z. morio</i> meals tended to decrease 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 levels in fish tissues. All fish exhibited similar proteolytic enzyme activities, but the increasing inclusions of both insect meal forms led to gradual increases in the lipase and α-amylase activities indicating a compensatory mechanism for lipid and carbohydrate digestion. The use of <i>Z. morio</i> meals led to some mild histomorphological changes in the intestine and liver that were more pronounced in fish fed the FF form at the highest inclusion level. Midgut bacterial communities of the groups were similar and dominated by potentially beneficial members of <i>Saccharimonadales</i> and <i>Rhodobacteraceae</i>, except FF-97 fish that had high abundances of <i>Legionella</i>- and <i>Pandoraea</i>-like bacteria. To conclude, <i>Z. morio</i> meal, either FF or DF, is a suitable insect protein for fishmeal substitution towards more sustainable aquafeeds for <i>S. aurata</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8885509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mangrove (Avicennia marina) Leaf Aqueous Extract on Growth, Immunity, and Hypoxia Tolerance in Gray Mullet (Liza ramada)","authors":"Mohammed F. El Basuini,&nbsp;Esraa Roshdi,&nbsp;Tamer El-Sayed Ali,&nbsp;Salma M. Zeid,&nbsp;Ali A. Soliman,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. Gewaily,&nbsp;Islam I. Teiba,&nbsp;Mayada Alhoshy,&nbsp;Emad H. El-Bilawy,&nbsp;Islam Mamdouh,&nbsp;Akram Ismael Shehata","doi":"10.1155/anu/2381301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/2381301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study evaluates the influences of dietary mangrove (<i>Avicennia marina</i>) leaf aqueous extract (MLAE) on growth, health, and stress tolerance in <i>Liza ramada</i> over an 84-day feeding assessment. Fish (initial weight: 34.89 ± 0.15 g) were served diets encompassing 0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg/kg MLAE. The 300 mg/kg MLAE group reached the best growth performance compared to other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also the most productive at this level. Polynomial regression identified an optimal MLAE range of 250–275 mg/kg for maximizing growth and feed efficiency. Digestive enzyme potencies (amylase, lipase, and protease) were elevated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the 300 and 400 mg/kg groups. Higher MLAE levels reduced total bacterial count and populations of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Histological analysis showed enhanced intestinal villi structure and immune cell infiltration in MLAE-fed groups. Blood chemistry revealed increased total protein (TP), albumin (AB), and globulin contents and reduced cholesterol in the 200–400 mg/kg groups. MLAE improved hypoxia tolerance, indicated by increased LT50% values, and reduced stress markers (glucose, cortisol) under hypoxia. Immune indicators (lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity [BA], and NBT%) and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) were enhanced, with lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These outcomes suggest that MLAE supplementation enhances growth, health, and stress resilience in gray mullets, offering potential applications for sustainable aquaculture. Further studies should explore the mechanistic pathways underlying these benefits and assess the long-term impacts of MLAE supplementation on fish health and aquaculture productivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/2381301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Replacement Impacts of Fish Meal With Corn Gluten Meal on the Growth, Feed Utilization, and Biochemical Composition of Juvenile Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major)","authors":"Tae Woong Kwon,&nbsp;Sung Hwoan Cho","doi":"10.1155/anu/8361723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8361723","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The reliance on fish meal (FM) as the primary protein source in aquafeeds is becoming increasingly unsustainable due to overfishing and limited resources. Therefore, finding an alternative protein source for FM is a crucial issue in the research of aquafeed nutrition. Corn gluten meal (CGM) is a plant protein source commonly used in aquafeeds that has been considered a practical substitute for FM. This study is designed to evaluate the impacts of substituting FM with CGM in the feed of red sea bream (<i>Pagrus major</i>) on growth, feed utilization, and biochemical composition. Total of 600 juvenile (8.60 ± 0.011 g; initial mean body weight ± SE) fish were assigned to twelve 300 L flow-through tanks. The control (Con) diet included 55% FM. In the Con diet, 20%, 40%, and 60% of FM were replaced with CGM, identified as the CG20, CG40, and CG60 diets, respectively. Four isoproteic (51.5%) and isolipidic (14.5%) diets were prepared. All diets were supplied to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand-fed to satiation level twice daily for 56 days. At the completion of the 56-day feeding trial, the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of red sea bream fed the Con and CG20 diets were superior (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 for both) to fish fed the CG40 and CG60 diets. WG and SGR of red sea bream linearly decreased with elevated dietary FM replacement levels (<i>Y</i> = −5.003333<i>X</i> + 38.9667, <i>R</i>² = 0.9004, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 and <i>Y</i> = −0.002607<i>X</i> + 0.0314, <i>R</i>² = 0.9083, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Feed consumption (FC), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein retention (PR) of red sea bream fed the Con and CG20 diets were statistically (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.006, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.003, and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.004, respectively) higher than those of fish fed the CG40 and CG60 diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of red sea bream fed the CG40 and CG60 diets were statistically (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0002) higher than that of fish fed the Con and CG20 diets. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of fish fed the Con and CG20 diets was statistically (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.005) lower than that of fish fed the CG40 and CG60 diets. Neither the plasma and serum parameters nor the biochemical composition except for arginine and lysine content of the whole-body fish were statistically (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) altered by dietary FM substitution with CGM. In conclusion, FM up to 20% could be replaced by CGM in the diet of red sea bream without bringing about negative impacts on the growth, feed utilization, biological indices (except for HSI), blood chemistry, proximate composition, amino acid (AA; except for arginine and lysine content), and fatty acid (FA) profiles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8361723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substitution of Fishmeal With Soy Protein Concentrate on Growth, Organic Damage, Antioxidant, Transcriptome, and Metabolomics in Macrobrachium rosenbergii","authors":"Li Wang,&nbsp;Qincheng Huang,&nbsp;Zhimin Gu,&nbsp;Cui Liu,&nbsp;Jia Xu,&nbsp;Yangxin Dai,&nbsp;Tiantian Ye,&nbsp;Junjun Yan,&nbsp;Jilun Meng,&nbsp;Yutong Zheng,&nbsp;Bo Liu","doi":"10.1155/anu/6541143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/6541143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The present study investigated growth performance, body composition, hepatic and intestinal morphology, biochemical indices, transcriptomic responses, and metabolomic profiles in giant freshwater prawn (<i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>) fed six kinds of soy protein concentrate (SPC) diets over an 8-week feeding trial. The six SPC diets were formulated by replacing varying proportions of fishmeal (FM) with SPC, with the final percentage of FM set at 350, 280, 210, 140, 70, and 0 g/kg, respectively, and designated as F35, F28, F21, F14, F7, and F0 diets. Results showed that the final body weight (FBW), weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR) of prawn fed F35 were greater than those of prawn fed F7 and F0. The crude lipid content of prawn fed F0 was higher than that of prawn fed F28. Notably, increasing SPC substitution levels disrupted hepatopancreas morphology, with structural degradation becoming more pronounced beyond 40% replacement (F21). Compared to F35 group, the F0 significantly decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and increases the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in hemolymph. Based on the transcriptomics, two differentially expressed genes (DEGs) LOC136825138 and LOC136856310 were consistently observed across all groups. The metabolomics indicated that 77 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) across all treatments. A negative correlation was observed between LOC136856310 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonoyl dopamine, 8Z,11Z-eicosadienoic acid, and vitamin E nicotinate. A comprehensive analysis of both metabolomic and transcriptomic data sets revealed substantial perturbations associated with “alpha-linolenic acid metabolism” and “glycerophospholipid metabolism”. In conclusion, elevated levels of dietary SPC had detrimental effects on the growth performance, hepatopancreas health, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of <i>M. rosenbergii</i>. Based on the growth performance, dietary FM level for <i>M. rosenbergii</i> could be reduced to 140 g/kg by using SPC as a sole substitute, with an inclusion of 211 g/kg of SPC in the diet.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/6541143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dietary Lipid to Carbohydrate Ratio on Elemental Stoichiometric Relationships in Growth Phenotypes of Ruditapes Decussatus","authors":"Kristina Arranz,&nbsp;Iñaki Urrutxurtu,&nbsp;Enrique Navarro","doi":"10.1155/anu/9924742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9924742","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Understanding the mechanisms of nutrient regulation in bivalves is crucial for optimizing their growth under varying dietary conditions. In the present work, juveniles of the carpet shell clam (<i>Ruditapes decussatus</i>) from the same cohort were size-segregated to obtain fast and slow growing phenotypes. These clams were then conditioned to diets presenting a range of lipid/carbohydrate proportions but similar carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios. Subsequently, experiments were conducted to determine elemental (C and N) balances in order to achieve the following aims: (a) To identify strategies of homeostatic nutrient regulation in relation to either endogenous (growth phenotype) or dietary factors and (b) to quantify the extent to which stoichiometric adjustments (at both pre- and postabsorptive levels) are accomplished throughout the successive components of elemental balances. The elemental balances of both C and N exhibited higher values under the lipid-rich diets, indicating the presence of nutritional limitations in juvenile clams fed on low lipid/carbohydrate proportion, resulting from a greater digestive imbalance of lipids in diets of low digestibility coupled to limited dietary lipid income. These nutritional limitations were more effectively managed by the fast-growing phenotype, pointing to the importance of enhanced energetic status in sustaining homeostatic nutrient regulation. The stoichiometric coupling between consumed diets and the biosynthetic requirements of growing tissues relied on postabsorptive rather than preabsorptive mechanisms, although notable discrepancies in this regard were observed between conditioning diets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9924742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dietary Protein and Lipid Level on Growth, Antioxidant, and Gene Expression of Juvenile Parabramis pekinensis","authors":"Wentao Xu,&nbsp;Ye Xu,&nbsp;Zhijing Yang,&nbsp;Yaming Feng,&nbsp;Huanhuan Huo,&nbsp;Xiaoping Miao,&nbsp;Hailong Gu","doi":"10.1155/anu/9923321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/9923321","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Unreasonable ratio of protein to lipid in feeds could affect growth, antioxidant, and related pathway genes expression. This study aimed to investigate the suitable proportion of protein to lipid in feed with <i>Parabramis pekinensis</i>. The ratio protein-lipid (<i>P</i>/<i>L)</i> indicated by G1 (2.52), G2 (3.16), G3 (4.03), G4 (5.33), G5 (7.49), and G6 (11.67), which were fed to <i>P. pekinensis</i> (80 ± 10.52 g) for 56 days. The present results showed that diets with a protein-to-lipid ratio of approximately 3.5:1 (35% protein and 10% lipid, or less) were optimal for enhancing growth parameters, including body weight, WGR, PER, VSI, HSI, SGR, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The quadratic regression analysis of FCR and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in <i>P. pekinensis</i> showed that <i>P/L</i> ratio performed best around 5.33. As the <i>P/L</i> ratio in feeds turned down, the best growth performance appeared at about 5.33 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), which was due to the unbalanced feed protein and fat levels. Meanwhile, <i>P/L</i> in 5.33 group exerted a protective function against oxidative damage in <i>P. pekinensis</i>. In addition, the increased antioxidant capacity contributed to the growth performance of the fish in 5.33 group, which showed the connection obviously. Thus, the connection existed in target of rapamycin (TOR) and Nrf2 signaling pathway, which was downregulated when the <i>P/L</i> ratio was around 2.52 and 11.67. On the contrary, the <i>P/L</i> ratio around 5.33 could enhance the expression of <i>tor</i> and <i>s6k1</i> to improve the growth of <i>P. pekinensis</i>. In the Nrf2 signaling pathway, the expression of <i>keap1</i>, <i>sod1</i>, and <i>gpx</i> affected antioxidant ability and the <i>P/L</i> ratio from 4.03 to 7.49 could be able to balance the antioxidant capacity, maintaining in normal level of <i>P. pekinensis</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/9923321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}