Aquaculture Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Optimal Dietary Replacement of Fishmeal With Spirulina platensis Enhances Growth Performance, Digestion, Antioxidant Capacity, Ovarian Development, and Muscle Quality in Macrobrachium nipponense","authors":"Longyu Liu,&nbsp;Anran Zou,&nbsp;Weihong Zhao,&nbsp;Tianqi Cao,&nbsp;Fengjuan Jiang,&nbsp;Da Yue,&nbsp;Ling Yin,&nbsp;Wenjing Wu,&nbsp;Chuanjie Qin,&nbsp;Zhigang Gao","doi":"10.1155/anu/7865897","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/7865897","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the optimal replacement level of fishmeal with <i>Spirulina platensis</i> in diets for <i>Macrobrachium nipponense</i>, focusing on its comprehensive effects on growth performance, hepatopancreatic catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, ovarian development, and muscle amino acid composition. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, replacing 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the fishmeal with <i>S. platensis</i>. A 30-day feeding trial, which spanned the critical period of ovarian development, was conducted to evaluate these diets. Results showed that substitution levels up to 60% maintained growth and survival comparable to the control group, while levels of 80% and 100% resulted in poor survival and growth. The 60% replacement group demonstrated the highest activities of key digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase, and amylase) and the peak activities of SOD and CAT. Diets containing spirulina exhibited a significantly higher ovarian maturation rate than the control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Muscle amino acid analysis revealed that high substitution levels (≥60%) decreased arginine but increased proline content, with the 100% group showing significant reductions in total essential amino acids (EAAs), arginine, methionine, threonine, leucine, and lysine (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). This study demonstrates that substituting up to 60% of fishmeal with <i>S. platensis</i> is a viable strategy for <i>M. nipponense</i> aquaculture, which delivers comprehensive benefits, including supported growth, enhanced health, and promoted ovarian development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Responses to Cyclic Fasting in Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","authors":"Haiyan Xiong,&nbsp;Zhengwei Ye,&nbsp;Chenchen Bian,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang,&nbsp;Jiahao Liu,&nbsp;Qiang Ma,&nbsp;Yuliang Wei,&nbsp;Mengqing Liang,&nbsp;Houguo Xu","doi":"10.1155/anu/7599690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7599690","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Feed accounts for the majority of aquaculture production costs, making strategies that reduce feed input without compromising growth economically attractive. This 72-day study evaluated the effects of cyclic fasting regimens on growth, body composition, and liver transcriptome in juvenile turbot (initial body weight 5.54 g). Fish were assigned to a control group (CON) (continuously fed) and three cyclic fasting groups: fasting for 1 day followed by refeeding for 3 days (FT1RF3), fasting for 2 days followed by refeeding for 6 days (FT2RF6), and fasting for 3 days followed by refeeding for 9 days (FT3RF9). The FT1RF3 regimen showed potential for inducing compensatory growth, with final body weight comparable to that of the CON and a numerically lower feed conversion ratio. Minimal differences in protein, amino acid, and fatty acid compositions were observed across groups. FT1RF3 was associated with broad metabolic suppression, enhanced fatty acid utilization, heightened innate immune preparedness, and promotion of cellular renewal. In contrast, FT2RF6 and FT3RF9 resulted in systemic lipid accumulation and numerically lower final body weights, with the metabolic strategy appearing to shift toward survival-oriented energy storage at the expense of somatic growth. Overall, juvenile turbot exhibited period-dependent responses to fasting: FT1RF3 showed potential for inducing compensatory growth through metabolic adaptation, whereas fasting for 2–3 days suggested a tendency toward metabolic dysfunction and growth suppression. These findings provide a scientific basis for applying cyclic fasting regimens in aquaculture, with fasting durations tailored to fish developmental stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7599690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of Dietary Fishmeal Replaced by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Yang Chen,&nbsp;Xirui Li,&nbsp;Xinyu Li,&nbsp;Hang Su,&nbsp;Xiangyu She,&nbsp;Ruyi Li,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai,&nbsp;Fei Song","doi":"10.1155/anu/7583815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7583815","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Black soldier fly larvae meal (BFLM) is characterized by high yield and a well-balanced nutritional profile, making it a promising alternative protein source for aquafeeds in the near further. Previous studies have demonstrated its potential to partially replace fishmeal (FM) in aquatic diets. Therefore, a 56-day feeding trial was conducted in largemouth bass (LMB) to evaluate the effects of graded level of BFLM (0%, 17%, 34%, 51%, and 68%) as a substitute for FM on growth performance, antioxidant, immune responses, and muscle quality. The results showed that dietary BFLM replacement levels above 17% significantly reduced SGR, FER, and whole-body crude lipid content, thereby impairing growth performance. In addition, higher substitution levels disrupted the antioxidant system, promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines through activation of the nrf2-keap1 pathway, and consequently induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, BFLM replacement exceeding 17% decreased muscle hardness and chewiness, reduced the content of aroma-, umami-, and sweet-related compounds, and increased the levels of off-flavor substances and SFAs, ultimately leading to deterioration in muscle quality. Based on the present results, the optimal replacement level of BFLM in diets for LMB should not exceed 17%. A comprehensive analysis of the adverse effects associated with high levels of BFLM substitution indicated that the high content of saturated fatty acids (FAs) and the low content of long-chain polyunsaturated FAs in BFLM were the key factors limiting growth performance, inducing oxidative stress, and reducing muscle quality. To improve the efficiency of BFLM as a substitute for FM, it is necessary to optimize FA composition while comprehensively considering growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, and muscle quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7583815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Replacing Fish Meal With Duck By-Product Meal in Diets on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Economic Efficiency of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"Seong Woo Shin,&nbsp;Sung Hwoan Cho","doi":"10.1155/anu/3065283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/3065283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fish feeds are generally more expensive than livestock feeds because they contain high amounts of costly fish meal (FM). Therefore, formulating low-FM diets is necessary for the sustainability of aquaculture. This study evaluates impacts of FM replacement with duck by-product meal (DBM) in diets for olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>) on growth performance, feed utilization, and economic efficiency. Four hundred and fifty juvenile fish (initial weight of 6.30 g) were equally distributed into 18, 50-L flow-through tanks in triplicate. Six experimental diets were formulated to be isoproteic (52.0%) and isolipidic (12.0%). The control (Con) diet contained 60% FM. In the Con diet, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of FM were substituted with DBM, named as the DBM20, DBM40, DBM60, DBM80, and DBM100 diets, respectively. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation throughout the 50-day trial. After the 50-day feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, and feed consumption were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 for all) higher in fish supplied with the Con, DBM20, and DBM40 diets than in those supplied with the DBM60, DBM80, and DBM100 diets. However, there were no significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) differences in feed utilization, plasma chemistry, and whole-body fish supplied with the experimental diets. Amino acid and fatty acid profiles of the whole-body fish were strongly influenced by dietary amino acid and fatty acid profiles. Economic profit index (EPI) of the Con, DBM20, and DBM40 diets was significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) higher than that of the DBM60, DBM80, and DBM100 diets. Therefore, DBM could replace up to 40% of FM in a 60% FM-based diet without negative impacts on the growth performance, feed utilization, plasma chemistry, and chemical composition of olive flounder and EPI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/3065283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paecilomyces variotii Mycoprotein in Diets for Juvenile Rainbow Trout: Effects on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health and Technical Feed Quality","authors":"Ashwath Gaudhaman,&nbsp;Aleksandar Vidakovic,&nbsp;Niklas Warwas,&nbsp;Darragh Doyle,&nbsp;Byron Morales-Lange,&nbsp;Margareth Øverland,&nbsp;Torbjörn Lundh,&nbsp;Kartik Baruah","doi":"10.1155/anu/4320030","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/4320030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture continues to search for new protein sources that can promote fish growth and health, as well as reduce competition between food and feed. Thus, the current study evaluated the dietary inclusion of a <i>Paecilomyces variotii</i>-based microbial ingredient on technical pellet quality, growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). Five experimental diets were formulated to include 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of <i>P. variotii</i>. Fish (initial body weight: 43 ± 10 g) were fed with the experimental diets for 9 weeks in triplicate tanks per treatment. Increasing inclusion levels of <i>P. variotii</i> significantly influenced feed pellet physical characteristics, with reduced pellet durability but an increased water stability index. Growth performance did not differ significantly between the control group and fish fed diets containing up to 20% <i>P. variotii</i>. However, fish fed the 30% <i>P. variotii</i> exhibited reduced feed intake and growth, suggesting an upper limit for its dietary inclusion. Moreover, the transepithelial potential (TEP) in the proximal intestine was significantly lower in fish fed the 30% <i>P. variotii</i> diet compared with the control, indicating compromised epithelial integrity at higher inclusion levels. Although the villi length was significantly higher at a 30% inclusion level, no significant difference was observed in the goblet cell area among treatments. Overall, under the present diet formulation and processing conditions, the inclusion of <i>P. variotii</i> appears feasible at inclusion levels up to 20% (without adverse effects on growth performance or intestinal health). This supports its potential as a sustainable feed ingredient, yet further studies with longer feeding periods and different developmental stages of fish are needed to fully assess its applicability in commercial aquaculture settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Dietary Vitamin E Improve Efficiency of Selenium Nanoparticles on Reproductive Performance in Marine Fish? Using Arabian Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) Female Brooder as an Experimental Model","authors":"Sadegh Saffari,&nbsp;Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh,&nbsp;Omid Khademzadeh","doi":"10.1155/anu/5995657","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/5995657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 90-day research was carried out to examine the synergistic effects of dietary selenium nanoparticles (SeNs) and vitamin E (Vit E) on the reproduction of female Arabian yellowfin seabream (<i>Acanthopagrus arabicus</i>) female brooders (224.9 ± 8.7 g). Seven isoproteic (<i>~</i>500 g/kg) and isolipidic (~150 g/kg) plant protein-rich (60% of fishmeal [FM] replaced with plant protein sources [PPSs]) diets were formulated as follows: (1) control (without SeN and Vit E supplementation), (2) Se⁺¹ (supplemented with 1 mg/kg SeN), (3) Se⁺¹E⁺¹⁰⁰ (supplemented with 1 mg/kg SeN + 100 mg/kg Vit E), (4) Se⁺¹E⁺²⁵⁰ (supplemented with 1 mg/kg SeN + 250 mg/kg Vit E), (5) Se⁺² (supplemented with 2 mg/kg SeN), (6) Se⁺²E⁺¹⁰⁰ (supplemented with 2 mg/kg SeN + 100 mg/kg Vit E), and (7) Se⁺²E⁺²⁵⁰ (supplemented with 2 mg/kg SeN + 250 mg/kg Vit E). Two hundred and ninety-four brooders were stocked into 21 containers (1.5 m³) and subjected to the dietary treatments for 90 days. Disinfected seawater (temperature: 20 ± 1.2°C, salinity: 40.2 ± 0.22 g/L) was used in a flow-through system. The highest (60.2% ± 3.2%) and lowest (37.57% ± 5.2%) fertilization rate percentages were in Se⁺²E⁺²⁵⁰ and control groups, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The lowest hatching rate was in control (55.0% ± 3.6%) and the highest values were in Se⁺² (73.0% ± 2.0%), Se⁺²E⁺¹⁰⁰ (70.5% ± 2.5%), and Se⁺²E⁺²⁵⁰ (67.1% ± 5.6%) groups. The control group had higher abnormal embryogenesis percentage (13.8% ± 1.9%) than the other groups. Selenium concentration in the liver, ovaries, eggs and 3 days post hatch (3DPH) larvae of fish fed Se⁺², Se⁺²E⁺¹⁰⁰ and Se⁺²E⁺²⁵⁰ was higher than the other treatments. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased in the liver and ovaries of brooders fed diets supplemented with SeN or in combination with Vit E. Interestingly, TAC significantly increased in the 3DPH larvae by increasing GPx activity, meanwhile catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) level decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Based on these findings, supplementing plant protein-rich diets with SeN at 2 mg/kg or in combination with 100–250 mg/kg Vit E recommended to promote reproductive performance and antioxidant capacity in <i>A. arabicus</i> female brooders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Use of a Commercial Bacterial Biomass as a Bioactive Component of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Feeds","authors":"Magida Tabbara,&nbsp;Adela Araujo,&nbsp;Sidra Nazeer,&nbsp;Silvio Peixoto,&nbsp;Richard Smullen,&nbsp;Matthew Briggs,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis","doi":"10.1155/anu/8869967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/8869967","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Survival, growth rate, and welfare have always been the primary concerns of shrimp aquaculturists. Accordingly, a number of bioactive feed components have been supplemented in shrimp feed to improve health condition, feed intake, and growth. The present study evaluated the effects of supplementing a high ash, low protein marine bacterial biomass on feeding behavior, growth, proximate composition, hemolymph biochemistry, and digestive enzyme gene expression of juvenile <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. Six isonitrogenous (36% crude protein) and isolipidic (6% crude lipid) diets were prepared to include graded levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 20% of the diet) of a commercial bacterial biomass. Feed intake and behavior were assessed using passive acoustic monitoring prior to growth assessment. Following acoustic monitoring, juvenile <i>L. vannamei</i> (0.58 ± 0.02 g) were size-sorted and stocked in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, six of which were the diets prepared. The remaining two treatments were to offer shrimp the basal diet or the diet containing 10% bacterial biomass at 115% of the standard feeding ration. Each treatment consisted of five replicate aquaria, and the experiment was performed for 42 days. Results suggest that the inclusion of the bacterial biomass significantly affected shrimp feed consumption, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), alkaline phosphatase level, and protein and phosphorus retention (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Results were mainly influenced by bacterial biomass inclusion level. Shrimp offered the 10% bacterial biomass diet exhibited the most weight gain among shrimp offered the standard ration. However, offering shrimp the same diet but at 115% of the standard ration further improved weight gain. The present study suggests that supplementing shrimp feed with 10% of the commercial bacterial biomass we studied would lead to better growth, feed consumption, and feed conversion without adverse effects on hemolymph, overall health or digestion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/8869967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensatory Fatty Acid Metabolism and Hepatic Gene Expression in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fed Marine-Ingredient-Free Circular Diets Low in EPA and DHA","authors":"Christopher Shaw,&nbsp;Klaus Knopf,&nbsp;Sven Wuertz,&nbsp;Koushik Roy,&nbsp;Radek Gebauer,&nbsp;Tobias Goldhammer,&nbsp;Viola Schöning,&nbsp;Wibke Kleiner,&nbsp;Marvin Sens,&nbsp;Christian Ulrichs,&nbsp;Werner Kloas","doi":"10.1155/anu/4162985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/4162985","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Raw materials rich in EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-3) such as marine fish oils and meals are becoming increasingly scarce and valuable throughout the aquafeed industry, while human dietary intake of EPA and DHA is deficient in many parts of the world. Therefore, EPA and DHA sources have to be used judiciously and strategically in diets for especially freshwater fish, which, compared to their marine counterparts, tend to have a superior ability to biosynthesize these functionally important fatty acids (FAs) from their C₁₈ precursors. Hence, this study tested the effect of a minimal dietary EPA + DHA level on growth performance, fillet and liver FA profile development, gene expression dynamics (<i>elovl2</i>, <i>elovl5</i>, and <i>fads2</i>), and nutrient excretion of African catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>) by replacing salmon oil with rapeseed oil in a marine-ingredient-free basal diet formulated with low EPA + DHA circular animal protein sources. Even though growth performance attained with a commercial African catfish diet utilizing the same salmon oil was not achieved with the two experimental diets, low EPA + DHA levels in the rapeseed oil experimental diet did not negatively affect growth. Expression of hepatic <i>elovl2</i>, <i>elovl5</i>, and <i>fads2</i> was significantly elevated in the rapeseed oil-fed fish, while particularly EPA and DHA in the fillet, and EPA in the liver were consistently and significantly lower compared to the salmon oil-based diets. Concomitant examination of gene expression and FA profile development indicates the notable capacity of African catfish to de novo synthesize EPA and DHA from ALA (C18:3n-3), which suggests the potential of low EPA + DHA diets for this species. From a human nutritional point of view, however, this biosynthetic capacity was insufficient to compensate for the effect of the low EPA + DHA rapeseed oil diet on fillet FA profile quality, with EPA + DHA content and n-6:n-3 FA ratio being significantly negatively affected. Irrespective of oil source, the phosphorus-rich experimental diets resulted in a significantly improved ratio of excreted dissolved nitrogen to phosphorus compared to the industrial control from a plant nutrition perspective, confirming prior results on the ability to improve diets for use in aquaponics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/4162985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Dietary Vitamin D Supplementation During Winter can Mimic Vitamin D Levels Induced by Summer Daylight Exposure in Atlantic Salmon","authors":"Frederike Keitel-Gröner,&nbsp;David Lausten Knudsen,&nbsp;Eirik Hoel,&nbsp;Margunn Sandstad,&nbsp;Kjetil Berge","doi":"10.1155/anu/3152332","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3152332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) is an essential nutrient for vertebrate calcium homeostasis, skeletal integrity, and immune function. In aquaculture, declining use of fishmeal and fish oil has reduced dietary vitamin D₃ levels in salmon feeds, raising questions about tissue deposition and nutritional quality of farmed fish. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic fate of elevated dietary vitamin D₃ in farmed Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) under commercial production conditions in southern Norway. Fish were fed either a control diet (~4000 IU/kg vitamin D₃) or a test diet with a 10-fold higher inclusion (~40,000 IU/kg vitamin D₃) for 32 weeks from November to July 2025. Plasma, liver, and muscle samples were analyzed for vitamin D₃ and its metabolites [25(OH)D₃ and 1,25(OH)₂D₃], alongside plasma biomarkers of health. Salmon tolerated the high dietary vitamin D₃ without observed adverse effects on growth and mortality. Elevated dietary inclusion significantly increased vitamin D₃ concentrations in plasma, liver, and muscle, with less pronounced effects on hydroxylated metabolites, compensating for lower levels during winter months. However, seasonal variation was evident in all tissues investigated. Overall, the results demonstrate that high dietary vitamin D₃ supplementation increases tissue concentrations in Atlantic salmon without compromising health, thereby improving the nutritional profile of farmed salmon fillets for human consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148216034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duckweed (Lemnaceae) as a Functional Protein Ingredient in Koi Carp Diets: Species-Dependent Effects on Growth, Pigmentation, Antioxidant Status, and Gut Health","authors":"Yingjie Song,&nbsp;Shasha Luo,&nbsp;Shuang Li,&nbsp;Xinyan Yang,&nbsp;Ruimin He,&nbsp;Zhangli Hu,&nbsp;Xuewei Yang,&nbsp;Yinglin Lu","doi":"10.1155/anu/3873558","DOIUrl":"10.1155/anu/3873558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Duckweed (<i>Lemnaceae</i>) has emerged as a promising aquatic plant protein for aquafeeds, yet its functional impacts on ornamental fish remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated five duckweed species, <i>Lemna minor</i> (LM), <i>Wolffia globosa</i> (WO), <i>Landoltia punctata</i> (LP), <i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i> (SP), and rootless <i>L. punctata</i> (LR), as partial fishmeal replacers in koi carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>). Phase I determined optimal inclusion levels based on growth performance using isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (0–40% weight-for-weight [w/w]). Phase II further assessed selected inclusions (LM₂₀, WO₂₀, LP₃₀, SP₁₀, and LR₃₀) for pigmentation, antioxidant status, intestinal immunity, and gut microbiota. Moderate replacement with LM and WO (20%) significantly improved weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein digestibility, and essential amino acid retention compared with the control. These treatments also enhanced skin redness and yellowness, accompanied by higher muscle astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein deposition. Antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]) were elevated and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) reduced, while intestinal lysozyme and phenoloxidase (PO) activities increased. Proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) were downregulated, whereas IL-10 and tight-junction genes (claudin, occludin, and ZO-1) were upregulated, indicating improved mucosal immunity and barrier function. Gut microbiota profiling revealed enriched <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> and higher α-diversity in LM₂₀ and WO₂₀, whereas SP (SP₁₀) showed limited benefits. These findings demonstrate that specific duckweed species, particularly LM and WO, act as functional ingredients beyond protein supply, improving pigmentation, antioxidant capacity, mucosal immunity, and beneficial gut microbial profiles. These results identify LM and WO as nutritionally feasible and functionally active protein ingredients for koi carp, supporting their application in sustainable ornamental aquafeeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148209729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}