Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of taurine and methionine supplementation on the nitrogen metabolism of beef steers elucidated through plasma metabolome profiling.","authors":"Yufeng Liu, Cheng Liu, Shuo Zhang, Jinming Hu, Meng M Li, Guangyong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objectives of the experiment were to compare the effects of rumen-protected taurine (RPT) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on the nitrogen (N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and metabolomics in beef steers and to clarify whether taurine plays similar roles as methionine (Met) in the regulation of N metabolism in beef steers. Six Simmental steers aged 12 months (liveweight 325 ± 7 kg) were used as experimental animals. The experimental treatments included a basal diet, the basal diet + 70.0 g/d RPT and the basal diet + 74.2 g/d RPM. The treatments were assigned in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period included 15 d for adaptation and 5 d for sampling. The results showed that supplementing the diet with RPT or RPM did not affect the apparent nutrient digestibility (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Supplementing the diet with RPT or RPM increased the N retention (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and the N utilization efficiency (NUE) (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and decreased the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and the estimated skeletal protein degradation rate (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Supplementing the diet with RPT increased the plasma concentrations of taurine (<i>P</i> < 0.001), cysteine (<i>P</i> = 0.010), valine (<i>P</i> = 0.013) and total non-essential amino acids (NEAA) (<i>P</i> = 0.047) and tended to increase the plasma concentrations of essential amino acids (EAA) + NEAA (<i>P</i> = 0.087), but it did not affect the plasma concentrations of total EAA (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Supplementing the diet with RPM increased the plasma concentrations of methionine (<i>P</i> = 0.033), lysine (<i>P</i> = 0.047), cysteine (<i>P</i> = 0.007), leucine (<i>P</i> = 0.046), isoleucine (<i>P</i> = 0.046), valine (<i>P</i> = 0.034), total EAA (<i>P</i> = 0.028), total NEAA (<i>P</i> = 0.004) and EAA + NEAA (<i>P</i> = 0.004). The plasma metabolomics profiling revealed that supplementing the diet with RPT upregulated the plasma concentrations of taurine (<i>P</i> < 0.001), L-cysteine (<i>P</i> = 0.004) and some amino acid (AA) analogues (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and RPM upregulated the plasma concentrations of Met (<i>P</i> = 0.021), L-isoleucine (<i>P</i> = 0.036), L-tryptophan (<i>P</i> = 0.006) and some AA analogues (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, taurine has similar impacts to Met in improving the N retention and the NUE in beef steers. Taurine deficiency negatively affects the NUE of beef steers. Supplementation of the diet with taurine is beneficial to the N utilization in beef steers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"376-386"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat straw and alfalfa hay alone or combined in a high-concentrate diet alters microbial-host interaction in the rumen of lambs.","authors":"Kefyalew Gebeyew, Hui Mi, Ruiping Du, Min Gao, Diriba Diba, Shaoxun Tang, Zhixiong He, Zhiliang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inclusion of various forages in a normal forage-to-concentrate ratio has widely been reported to reveal the changes that occur in the foregut tissues. However, the mechanism by which the wheat straw, alfalfa hay, or both alter the orchestrated crosstalk of microbiome and host-transcriptome in the rumen of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet is elusive. Sixty-three Hulunbuir lambs were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups, and each dietary group had 3 pens with 7 lambs. The lambs were fed high-concentrate diets (70%) supplemented with either 30% wheat straw (30S), a mixture of 15% alfalfa hay and 15% wheat straw (30M), or 30% alfalfa hay (30A) over a 2-week adaptation period and a 12-week formal trial. Compared with the 30S and 30A groups, the 30M group had greater (<i>P</i> < 0.05) levels of plasma glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), interleukin-2 (IL-2). Humoral immunity showed a tendency to increase in the 30M group, as evidenced by the greater levels of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) A and IgG (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The 16S rRNA result showed that the abundance of <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> (<i>NK3A20 group</i> and <i>unclassified</i>)<i>, Olsenella, Shuttleworthia,</i> and <i>Succiniclasticum</i> were enriched in the 30M group. Meanwhile, the abundances of <i>Ruminococcaceae NK4A214</i> and <i>prevetolla_7</i> were enriched in 30S and 30A, respectively. The RNA-seq identified 35 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the \"30S vs. 30M\" and \"30S vs. 30A,\" enriched in lipid metabolism pathways, including glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolism. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis results revealed that the expression of genes in the darkred (194 genes) and darkgreen (134 genes) modules showed a strong positive correlation with phenotypic traits and bacterial genera, respectively. The genes in the darkgreen module were involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism and showed a wide range of associations with <i>Prevotella_7, Shuttleworthia,</i> and <i>Succiniclasticum</i>, indicating that ruminal microbes might act as a vital driver in the microbiome-host interaction, likely through fermentation of end-products or metabolites. In conclusion, the results indicate that microbiome enrichment in response to feeding wheat straw and alfalfa hay might drive microbiome-host crosstalk to regulate rumen function in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"444-457"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased proline intake during gestation alleviates obesity-related impaired fetal development and placental function in gilts","authors":"Shuangbo Huang, Jinfeng Li, Hongxuan Ye, Zihao Huang, Junyi Wu, Liudan Liu, Shuo Ma, Hefeng Luo, Tanghong Wei, Kai Liu, Jinping Deng, Dingfa Liu, Chengquan Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal proline (Pro) supplementation enhances fetal survival and placental development in mice. However, the effect of Pro on fetal and placental development in gilts remains to be investigated, particularly in the context of obesity-induced impaired pregnancy. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary Pro on fetal and placental development in obese gilts. Exp.1: On day 60 of gestation, forty-eight gilts with similar delivery times were selected and followed up until delivery to determine the relationship between maternal obesity, litter performance, and Pro abundance in term placentae. The results showed that impaired reproductive performance was associated with body condition parameters and inadequate placental Pro availability of gilts. Exp. 2: A total of 114 gilts were then used in a 2 × 3 factorial design to investigate the interaction between body condition (factor I: normal or obese gilts) and dietary Pro levels [factor II: low (0.89%, L-Pro), medium (1.39%, M-Pro), and high (1.89%, H-Pro)] on farrowing performance and placental angiogenesis. This resulted in six treatment combinations: normal-L-Pro, obese-L-Pro, normal-M-Pro, obese-M-Pro, normal-H-Pro, and obese-H-Pro. The effective number of replicates per group was 17, 21, 19, 21, 18, and 18, respectively (1 gilt per replicate). The results showed that increasing Pro intake increased piglet birth weight (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.001), litter weight (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001), placental efficiency (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.036) and placental vascular density (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001), and decreased the number of mummified fetuses (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.001), the rate of low-birth-weight piglets (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.005), and the rate of invalid piglets (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.029). Interaction effects were observed between body condition and dietary Pro levels on piglet birth weight (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.046), within-litter birth weight variation (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.012), and placental vascular density (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.007). Moreover, the beneficial effect of Pro on farrowing performance may be related to the improvement of sirtuin 1-superoxide dismutase 2-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species axis homeostasis and angiogenesis in the placenta. Our results suggest that gestation diets need to provide adequate Pro to meet the needs of fetal and placental development, particularly in obese gilts.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term leucine supplementation increases body weight in goats by controlling appetite and muscle protein synthesis under protein-restricted conditions.","authors":"Xiaokang Lv, Aoyu Jiang, Jinling Hua, Zixin Liu, Qiongxian Yan, Shaoxun Tang, Jinhe Kang, Zhiliang Tan, Jian Wu, Chuanshe Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An inadequate amino acid (AA) supply in animals under protein-restricted conditions can slow skeletal muscle growth. Protein translation can be activated by short-term leucine (Leu) stimulation; however, whether muscle mass increases under long-term Leu supplementation and how the gut and muscle respond to Leu supplementation are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated if muscle mass increases with long-term Leu supplementation under protein-restricted conditions. We identified changes in the link between the gut and muscles under different amino acid supply conditions, using goats as the study object. A total of 27 Xiangdong black male goats with average initial body weight (BW) of 10.88 ± 1.22 kg were randomly divided into three dietary treatments: a normal protein diet (NP, 14.24% crude protein [CP]); a low protein diet (LP, 8.27% CP with supplemental 1.66% rumen-protected lysine [RPLys] and 0.09% rumen-protected methionine [RPMet]); and LP diet with rumen-protected Leu (RPLeu) (LP + RPLeu, 8.75% CP with supplemental 1.66% RPLys, 0.09% RPMet and 1.46% RPLeu). The animal trial lasted for 110 d, consisting of 20 d of adaptation and a 90 d of experimental period. The results showed that long-term protein restriction increased gut tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) activity (<i>P</i> < 0.001), tryptophan (Trp) catabolism (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis (<i>P</i> < 0.001), which all subsequently reduced goat appetite. Long-term Leu supplementation inhibited 5-HT synthesis (<i>P</i> < 0.001), decreased Trp catabolism in the gut, and increased appetite in goats. Long-term protein restriction enhanced jejunal and ileal branched-chain amino acid transferase (BCAT) (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and branched-chain α-Keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) (<i>P</i> = 0.048) activities, which increased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism. Immunofluorescence results showed that protein restriction decreased the intestinal mucosal expression of solute carrier family 1 member 5 (<i>SLC1A5</i>) (<i>P</i> = 0.032) and solute carrier family 7 member 5 (<i>SLC7A5</i>) (<i>P</i> < 0.001), reduced BCAA transport from the mucosa to the blood, lowered BCAA levels in the blood (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Western blot results showed that protein restriction inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation in goat muscles. Leu supplementation increased BCAA translocation from the intestine to the blood and promoted activation of the muscle mTOR pathway and protein synthesis. In conclusion, our results suggest that Leu supplementation in low-protein diets improves appetite and alleviates the inhibition of muscle protein synthesis in goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"404-418"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing nutrient efficiency through optimizing protein levels in lambs: Involvement of gastrointestinal microbiota.","authors":"Zhibin Luo, Huimin Ou, Christopher S McSweeney, Zhiliang Tan, Jinzhen Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of ruminants is of utmost significance for both economic and environmental benefits. Optimizing dietary protein levels represents a key nutritional strategy to enhance ruminant growth performance and reduce nitrogen emissions. In a 63-day experiment, 24 healthy Hulunbuir lambs (initial weight 17.1 ± 2.0 kg, 2.5 months old) were subjected to three treatments: a low-protein diet (LP; crude protein of 78.4 g/kg dry matter [DM]), a medium-protein diet (MP; crude protein of 112.0 g/kg DM), and a high-protein diet (HP; crude protein of 145.6 g/kg DM), with 8 lambs in each treatment (4 males and 4 females). Lambs in the MP treatment presented greater daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio than those in the HP treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05, quadratically). Compared with the LP treatment, the MP treatment resulted in greater crude protein digestibility (<i>P</i> < 0.001, quadratically) and acid detergent fiber digestibility (<i>P</i> = 0.022, quadratically). In the serum, the urea nitrogen level increased quadratically with increasing dietary protein levels (<i>P</i> < 0.001), while the LP treatment exerted the highest concentrations of glutamate, glycine, alanine, and histidine (<i>P</i> < 0.05, quadratically). The ammonia nitrogen concentrations in the rumen and colon increased quadratically with increase in dietary protein levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The HP treatment increased the molar concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate in the rumen and colon (<i>P</i> < 0.05, quadratically). In contrast, the LP treatment decreased the molar proportion of acetate (<i>P</i> = 0.007, quadratically) and increased the molar proportion of butyrate (<i>P</i> < 0.001, quadratically) in the colon. The microbial diversity and structure were significantly altered by dietary protein level intervention across all gastrointestinal regions. The rumen of the MP treatment was enriched with fiber-degrading bacteria <i>Fibrobacter</i>_<i>succeinogenes</i> and starch-degrading bacteria <i>Selenomonas_ruminantium</i>. The colon in the LP treatment harbored microbial biomarkers including <i>Escherichia</i> spp. and <i>Lactobacillus amylovorus</i>, and the colon in the MP treatment was characterized by the enrichment of <i>Solibacillus_cecembensis</i>. These findings suggest that the MP diet with a crude protein content of 112.0 g/kg DM improved the growth performance and nutrient efficiency of lambs, which was achieved via the involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"332-341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of canola to decrease soybean meal inclusions in diets for broiler chickens.","authors":"Milan Kandel, Shemil P Macelline, Mehdi Toghyani, Peter V Chrystal, Mingan Choct, Aaron J Cowieson, Sonia Yun Liu, Peter H Selle","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feedstuffs derived from canola, predominantly canola meals plus whole, \"full-fat\" canola seed, and even canola protein isolates and/or concentrates, have the potential to decrease soybean meal inclusions in diets for broiler chickens. The protein content of soybean meal exceeds that of canola meal; however, canola meal contains more methionine and cysteine in absolute and relative terms. The purpose of this review is to explore this potential as Australian chicken-meat production is uniquely positioned to take advantage of this opportunity to the extent that it can be realised. Australia harvests ample quantities of canola, the bulk of which is exported as seed; alternatively, soybean production is very limited; therefore, large quantities of soybean meal are imported as the principal source of dietary protein for broiler chickens. This importation of soybean meal is not sustainable; however, canola meal inclusions in broiler diets do not usually exceed 100 g/kg. Regression equations derived from 15 recent studies indicate that dietary inclusions of 150 g/kg solvent-extracted canola meal would compromise weight gain by 4.04% and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 4.72%. The foremost factors driving these depressions in canola meal are probably (1) high fibre contents coupled with low energy densities and (2) the presence of glucosinolates, which may be converted into toxic metabolites including thiocyanates. Moreover, regression equations from nine studies suggest that calculated dietary glucosinolate concentrations of 2.00 μmol/g would compromise weight gain by 5.72% and FCR by 6.56%. The nutritive value of canola meal could be enhanced by improvements in canola breeding programs, processing methods in canola meal production, and dietary formulations including judicious application of exogenous enzymes. Consideration is given to these aspects in this review as any improvements would increase the extent to which canola meal can feasibly replace soybean meal in broiler diets. An additional pathway to decrease the reliance on soybean meal could be the adoption of reduced-crude protein (CP) diets containing canola meal. The combined strategy of canola meal replacing soybean meal in reduced-CP diets, if successful, would tangibly decrease soybean meal requirements in global chicken-meat production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"342-354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Probiotic effect of ferulic acid esterase-producing <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> inoculated alfalfa silage on digestion, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats\" [Anim Nutr 11 (2022) 38-47].","authors":"Fuhou Li, Baibing Zhang, Yixin Zhang, Xia Zhang, Samaila Usman, Zitong Ding, Lizhuang Hao, Xusheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.010.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"18 ","pages":"464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in the milk lipidomic profile of lactating dairy cows fed the diets containing alfalfa hay versus alfalfa silage.","authors":"Kaizhen Liu, Meiqing Chen, Guoxin Huang, Chuanyou Su, Wenhao Tang, Ning Li, Jiyong Yang, Xufang Wu, Boxue Si, Shengguo Zhao, Nan Zheng, Yangdong Zhang, Jiaqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alfalfa is primarily stored as silage or hay in livestock production. Previous research has shown that the storage method of grass significantly influences milk composition. This study aimed to investigate milk production performance and lipid composition in dairy cows fed diets consisting of alfalfa hay or alfalfa silage as roughage. Forty-two mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected and randomly divided into three groups, each receiving a total mixed ration consisting of alfalfa hay (AH), 50% alfalfa silage + 50% alfalfa hay (AHAS), or alfalfa silage (AS). The results showed that milk fat content (<i>P</i> = 0.049) and milk fat yield (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were significantly higher in the AH and AHAS groups compared to the AH group. With increased supplementation of alfalfa silage in the diet, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content increased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001), while ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content (<i>P</i> = 0.007) and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The contents of sphingomyelins, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylglycerols in the AHAS and AS samples were higher than in the AH samples, although the differences were not statistically significant. Additionally, the content of phosphatidylcholines was significantly higher in the AS group compared to the AH group (<i>P</i> = 0.032). In conclusion, feeding dairy cows a diet consisting of alfalfa silage can increase the major phospholipid content and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in raw milk, which is more conducive to human health. These findings provide valuable insights into the benefits of alfalfa silage for dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"261-271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of fecal microbiota between diarrhea and non-diarrhea piglets reveals biomarkers of gut microbiota associated with diarrhea.","authors":"Jiang Zhu, Yue Sun, Lingyan Ma, Qu Chen, Caihong Hu, Hua Yang, Qihua Hong, Yingping Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of weaned piglets, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality and economic loss in the pig industry. However, the structural characteristics of the gut microbiota and the key genera associated with early diarrhea in piglets within large-scale production systems are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the microbial community structure and the specific genera alteration between the healthy piglets and diarrhea piglets, and to identify the biomarkers of gut microbiota associated with diarrhea in piglets. A total of 250 fecal samples, including 130 healthy piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire) in the Control group and 120 from diarrhea piglets in Diarrhea group, were collected from three large-scale farms as discovery cohorts and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, 150 fecal samples from another large-scale pig farm were collected for the validation trail. The Chao1 and ACE indices were obviously lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in the diarrhea piglets compared to the healthy ones. Principal coordinate analysis showed significant differences in the distance matrix of gut microbiota between the healthy and diarrhea piglets (Bray-Curtis: <i>P</i> = 0.001, Jaccard: <i>P</i> = 0.001). Eighty-five genera were differentially enriched (<i>P</i> < 0.001) between healthy and diarrhea piglets. Notably, <i>Treponema</i>, <i>Sphaerochaeta</i>, <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>, <i>Slackia</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus</i> were identified as potential biomarkers of diarrhea susceptibility; <i>Clostridium sensu stricto 1</i>, <i>Prevotella_9</i>, <i>Olsenella</i>, <i>Dorea</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group</i> were found to be beneficial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. These differentially enriched genera of healthy and diarrhea piglets were further confirmed in the validation cohort. In conclusion, this study identified the diarrhea-associated and beneficial genera in the faces of piglet, providing a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and intervention of diarrhea in weaned piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"401-410"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of phytase and 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in broilers fed calcium-phosphorous deficient diets, with or without <i>Eimeria</i> challenge, on growth performance, body composition, bone development, and gut health.","authors":"Hanyi Shi, Venkata S R Choppa, Deependra Paneru, Woo K Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study evaluated the effects of nutritional strategies on broilers challenged with <i>Eimeria</i> from d 14 to 26. A total of 840 Cobb male broilers were fed five diets in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement: 1) nutrient adequate diet (PC; 0.84% calcium [Ca], 0.42% available phosphorus [avP]); 2) Ca-P deficient diet (NC; 0.64% Ca, 0.22% avP); 3) NC + 1500 FTU/kg phytase of diet (NC + PHY); 4) NC + 5000 IU/kg 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol of diet (NC + 25OHD); and 5) NC with both supplements (NC + PHY + 25OHD), with and without <i>Eimeria</i> challenge. All treatments had six replicate cages with 14 birds per cage. At 5 days post inoculation (DPI), the challenged birds exhibited higher serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-d (FITC-d) levels than the unchallenged birds (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The NC + PHY and NC + PHY + 25OHD groups exhibited lower FITC-d levels compared to the NC + 25OHD group (<i>P</i> = 0.012). Significant interaction effects between <i>Eimeria</i> challenge and dietary treatments were observed on various parameters. During 0 to 6 and 0 to 12 DPI, <i>Eimeria</i> challenge resulted in decreased the body weight gain (BWG) (<i>P</i> < 0.05) but had a negative effect on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in birds compared to the unchallenged group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Reducing Ca and avP levels in the diet (NC) did not adversely affect BWG, but negatively impacted FCR, bone ash weight, ash concentration, and femur bone microstructure parameters (<i>P</i> < 0.05). On 12 DPI, <i>Eimeria</i> challenge led to decreased tibia bone weight, bone volume, fat-free bone weight (FFBW), and ash weight of birds (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Supplementation with phytase alone or in combination with 25OHD improved growth performance, gut permeability, bone ash and bone microstructure parameters in birds (<i>P</i> < 0.05). However, the group fed 25OHD alone showed enhancements on growth performance, mineral apposition rate (MAR), bone ash concentration and ash percentage of the birds (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, lowering Ca and avP levels in the diet negatively affected FCR and bone development but did not affect intestinal integrity in broilers. Dietary supplementation of phytase, 25OHD, or phytase in combination of 25OHD could enhance the growth performance and bone quality of broilers infected with <i>Eimeria</i>. Notably, the benefits of phytase supplementation were generally more pronounced than those associated with 25OHD supplementation; however, the combination of phytase and 25OHD could induce optimum effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"411-428"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}