Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Astaxanthin supplementation mitigated intestinal damage and immunity in overfed Pekin ducks by regulating gut morphology, intestinal inflammation, and antioxidant balance.","authors":"Xueze Lv, Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Weifang Yang, Ziyue Zhang, Keying An, Bozhi Shi, Yingchao Dong, Shugeng Wu, Zhaofei Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the impact of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation on growth performance, serum lipid profile, gut morphology, and antioxidant and immune function in the intestinal mucosa of Pekin ducks subjected to overfeeding. A total of 150 male Pekin ducks at one day of age were randomly allotted into five treatment groups with five replicates of six ducks each. The control group and ad libitum group (ALG) received a basal diet while others received basal diets supplemented with AST at 40 mg/kg (Low-dose group [LDG]), 80 mg/kg (medium-dose group [MDG]), and 120 mg/kg (high-dose group [HDG]). After 1 to 14 d on basal diets (brooding phase), the ducks were assigned to the dietary treatment groups for 15 to 38 d (Grower phase) and 39 to 42 d (overfeeding period). Results indicated that AST supplementation improved final body weight and weight gain at both the grower and overfeeding phases (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Overfeeding increased the serum lipid level, altered intestinal morphology, and led to higher expression of pro-inflammatory factors and oxidative stress biomarkers while reducing antioxidant enzyme activity, associated gene expression, and anti-inflammatory factors in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, overfeeding caused increased apoptotic cell counts in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa of the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), culminating in intestinal tissue damage and dysfunction. Dietary supplementation of AST mitigated these adverse effects, alleviated intestinal damage and promoted gut health. It exerted a hypolipidemic effect, improved villi morphometrics in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and enhanced the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor (sTNFαR), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). It also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the mRNA expression of key antioxidant-related genes, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (<i>Nrf2</i>), glutathione S-transferases (<i>GSTs</i>), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (<i>GCLC</i>) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, it reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the number of apoptotic cells in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Immunoglobulin secretion and mucosal immunity were also significantly improved with AST supplementation (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Variations among the AST dietary groups suggest that a medium dosage of 80 mg/kg could effectively mitigate intestinal damage from overfeeding while enhancing growth performance, antioxidant defences, and immune responses. Our results would provide a theoretical reference for using AST as a nutritional strategy to enhance gut health in ducks exposed to overfeeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"426-438"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal consumption of glycerol monolaurate optimizes milk fatty acid profile and enhances piglet gut health in association with G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) activation.","authors":"Liang Xiong, Zhijin Zhang, Shiqi Dong, Tongbin Lin, Xianhuai Yue, Fang Chen, Wutai Guan, Shihai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effect of maternal glycerol monolaurate (GML) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance, transfer of immunity and redox status, milk fat and fatty acid profile, and fecal microbiota. Eighty multiparous sows (Landrace × Large white) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups (with or without 1000 mg/kg GML) with 40 replicates per treatment. The feeding experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation (G85) to d 23 of lactation (L23). The samples were collected on d 1 (L1) and 21 (L21) of lactation. Our results showed that maternal GML supplementation significantly increased litter weight (<i>P</i> = 0.002), average daily gain of piglets (<i>P</i> = 0.048), and sow average daily feed intake (<i>P</i> = 0.032). Compared with CON group, the concentrations of lauric acid (C12:0; <i>P</i> = 0.022), C16:0 (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and total saturated fatty acids (<i>P</i> = 0.006) in colostrum as well as C12:0 in L21 milk (<i>P</i> = 0.001) were higher in GML group. Besides, the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in colostrum as well as sow and piglet plasma, the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity in sow colostrum were also significantly higher in the GML group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Microbiome results showed that GML addition increased fecal microbial alpha diversity as well as the relative abundances of short chain fatty acids producing bacteria Ruminococcaceae and <i>Parabacteroides</i>; and decreased the harmful Proteobacteria of sows (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The Spearman analysis showed that the microbial biomarkers Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and <i>Parabacteroides</i> were positively correlated with IgA and IgG of sow plasma and milk (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Besides, maternal GML addition up-regulated the relative protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in the duodenum and jejunum of piglets. Collectively, current findings suggested that maternal GML supplementation enhanced piglet growth during lactation, which might be associated with improving milk fat and lauric acid contents, microbiota derived immunoglobulins transfer, and gut health through potential involvement of GPR84 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"387-403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to \"L-Leucine stimulates glutamate dehydrogenase activity and Glutamate synthesis by regulating mTORC1/SIRT4 pathway in pig liver\" [Animal Nutrition 4 (2018) 329-338].","authors":"Tongxin Wang, Weilei Yao, Qiongyu He, Yafei Shao, Ruilong Zheng, Feiruo Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.12.002.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bacillus pumilus 315</i> improves intestinal microbiota and barrier function to alleviate diarrhea of neonatal goats.","authors":"Dingkun Fan, Shuai Jiao, Yuze Fu, Jixian Zhang, Yimin Zhuang, Juan Huang, Yanliang Bi, Jianxin Zhang, Naifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea is the leading cause of mortality in postnatal goat kids, seriously impacting breeding efficiency. This study aimed to explore the effects of <i>Bacillus pumilus 315</i> (<i>B. pumilus</i>) on goat kids' diarrhea and its regulatory mechanism. Thirty-six 1-day-old goat kids were assigned into four treatments, the control (CON) group and low-, medium- and high-dose groups supplemented with <i>B. pumilus</i> at 1 × 10⁸ (BP1), 5 × 10⁸ (BP5), and 1 × 10⁹ CFU/d (BP10). Each group consisted of 9 replicates with 1 goat kid per replicate. The results showed that the incidence of diarrhea and fecal scores decreased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05). A dose of 5 × 10⁸ CFU/d <i>B. pumilus</i> reduced pro-inflammatory factors (including tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], interleukin-6 [IL-6], <i>P</i> < 0.05), increased the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors (including transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β], peroxisome proliferate-activated receptor-gamma [PPAR-γ], interleukin-10 [IL-10], <i>P</i> < 0.05), immune indicators (including immunoglobulin G [IgG], immunoglobulin A [IgA], immunoglobulin M [IgM], secretory immunoglobulin A [sIgA], <i>P</i> < 0.05) and antioxidant indicators (including total antoxidative capacity [T-AOC], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], catalase [CAT], <i>P</i> < 0.05) in both jejunum and colon, and ultimately improved the barrier function of the jejunum and colon mucosa. The enhanced gut immunity and barrier function were associated with increased abundance of <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and decreased abundance of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary addition of <i>B. pumilus</i> may improve gut health by modulating the composition and function of the flora, ultimately alleviating diarrhea in goat kids.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"366-375"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dietary forage proportion and crossbreeding on feed efficiency and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows.","authors":"Sabrina Ormston, Tianhai Yan, Xianjiang Chen, Alan W Gordon, Katerina Theodoridou, Sharon Huws, Sokratis Stergiadis","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing forage proportion (FP) in the diets of dairy cows would reduce competition for human edible foods and reduce feed costs, particularly in low-input systems. However, increasing FP reduces productivity and may increases methane (CH₄) emission parameters. This work aimed to investigate the impact of FP and breed on feed efficiency and CH₄ emission parameters. Data from 32 individual experiments conducted at the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute between 1992 and 2010 were utilised in this study resulting in data from 796 Holstein-Friesian (HF), 50 Norwegian Red (NR), 46 Jersey × HF (J × HF) and 16 NR × HF cows. Diets consisted of varying proportions of forage and concentrate dependent on the experimental protocols of each experiment. A linear mixed model was used to investigate the effect of low (LFP; 10% to 30%), medium (MFP; 30% to 59%), high (HFP; 60% to 87%) and pure (FOR; 100%) FP (dry matter [DM] basis) and breed on feed efficiency, and CH₄ emission parameters and multivariate redundancy analysis identified associations between animal and dietary drivers on the same variables. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was higher for cows offered LFP (17.3 kg/d) and MFP (17.9 kg/d) compared to HFP (15.3 kg/d) and FOR (13.8 kg/d) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Milk yield (<i>P</i> < 0.001), milk yield/DMI (<i>P</i> < 0.001), energy corrected milk (ECM)/DMI (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and milk energy/DMI (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were higher for LFP and MFP compared to HFP and FOR. Methane/DMI was higher for HFP (24.3 g/kg) compared to MFP (22.4 g/kg) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Methane/milk yield (<i>P</i> < 0.001) or CH₄/ECM (<i>P</i> < 0.001) was higher for HFP (22.5 or 21.6 g/kg) and FOR (27.0 or 25.8 g/kg) compared to MFP (19.1 or 17.9 g/kg). There were no differences between LFP and MFP or between HFP and FOR for milk yield, milk yield/DMI, ECM/DMI, milk energy/DMI, CH₄/milk yield and CH₄/ECM (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Differences existed between breeds for residual feed intake (<i>P</i> = 0.040), milk yield/DMI (<i>P</i> = 0.041) and CH₄/DMI (<i>P</i> = 0.048) with multivariate redundancy analysis demonstrating negative correlations with efficiency and positive correlations with CH₄/DMI and CH₄/milk yield. Feeding concentrates at 70% to 90% of DMI (LFP group) would not result in any further benefits for productivity, feed efficiency or CH₄ yield and intensity when compared to feeding 41% to 70% concentrates of DMI (MFP group). There may be opportunity to improve profitability for lower intensity farms with less concentrate input.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"419-429"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal dietary inulin intake during late gestation and lactation ameliorates intestinal oxidative stress in piglets with the involvements of gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism.","authors":"Dongdong Lu, Cuiping Feng, Yu Pi, Hao Ye, Yujun Wu, Bingxu Huang, Jinbiao Zhao, Dandan Han, Nicoline Soede, Junjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal inulin intake has been shown to alleviate oxidative stress in piglets, but the role of bile acids (BAs) in this process remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the roles of gut microbiota and BAs metabolism in the amelioration of intestinal oxidative stress in piglets through a maternal inulin diet. A total of 40 sows were allocated into two dietary treatments from day 85 of gestation until the end of lactation: CON (control diet) and INU (diet with 2% wheat bran replaced by inulin). An oxidative model was further established on the intestinal porcine epithelial cell-jejunum 2 cell line (IPEC-J2) to examine the effect of bacterial BAs on intestinal oxidative stress. Results showed that the maternal inulin diet promoted the average daily gain of piglets during suckling and reduced diarrhea rate during weaning (<i>P</i> = 0.026 and <i>P</i> = 0.005, respectively). Piglets from the INU group had lower serum levels of reactive oxygen species (<i>P</i> = 0.021), malondialdehyde (<i>P</i> = 0.045), along with higher serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (<i>P</i> = 0.027), catalase (<i>P</i> = 0.043), and total superoxide dismutase (<i>P</i> = 0.097). Compared to the CON group, maternal inulin intake increased fecal ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) by 10.84%, hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) by 250.64% (<i>P</i> = 0.026), and lithocholic acid (LCA) by 16.41% (<i>P</i> = 0.048) in piglets. Moreover, the fecal abundance of <i>Ruminococcus</i> and <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i> increased by 167.08% and 75.47% in INU piglets (<i>P</i> = 0.046 and <i>P</i> = 0.037, respectively). Furthermore, the in vitro study using IPEC-J2 cells demonstrated that UDCA, LCA, and HDCA attenuated intestinal oxidative stress by mediating kelch-1ike ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling. In conclusion, our results suggested that maternal dietary inulin intake during late gestation and lactation alleviates intestinal oxidative stress of piglets by regulating gut microbiota and BA metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"318-331"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of peroxidized lipids on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and gut microbiome in piglets.","authors":"Mengxuan Tang, Yuliang Wu, Chen Guang Olnood, Yundi Gao, Fei Wang, Zicheng Zhang, Can Peng, Xihong Zhou, Chunxia Huang, Xia Xiong, Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of peroxidized lipids on piglets' growth performance, intestinal morphology, inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress in the liver, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon, and ileal microbiota. Twenty piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]; age = 21 d old, BW = 6.5 ± 1 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 replicates per group and one piglet per replicate. The control group was fed 6% fresh soybean oil and the peroxidized soybean oil (PSO) group fed 6% PSO. The experimental feeding period lasted 24 d. The study found no impact on ADFI, ADG and gain to feed ratio (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, the PSO group increased the diarrhea index and the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<i>P</i> < 0.05), along with decreased concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen (<i>P</i> < 0.05). For oxidative enzymes, PSO increased the concentration of F2-isoprostane in urine (<i>P</i> = 0.032), malondialdehyde (MDA) in the duodenum (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and jejunum (<i>P</i> = 0.004), decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver (<i>P</i> = 0.001) but increased TBARS in duodenum (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and carbonylated proteins in the duodenum (<i>P</i> = 0.003). For antioxidant enzymes, PSO decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver (<i>P</i> = 0.001), colon (<i>P</i> = 0.002), and jejunum (<i>P</i> = 0.015), along with glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver (<i>P</i> = 0.008) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in ileum (<i>P</i> = 0.001). For inflammatory reactions, PSO increased interleukin (IL)-1β concentrations in the duodenum and colon, and IL-10 in the jejunum, while decreasing IL-4 concentration in the duodenum (<i>P</i> < 0.05). For intestinal morphology and ileal microbiota, PSO increased ileal crypt depth, while decreasing the crypt-to-villus ratio (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Peroxidized soybean oil increased the relative abundance of <i>Prevotella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_6, Pasteurella</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed that PSO worsened diarrhea, increasing the ileal crypt depth and the relative abundance of harmful microbiota, and induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestines and liver, primarily in the jejunum and ileum.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"430-443"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with isochlorogenic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health of broilers.","authors":"Siyuan Zhou, Haotian Jiang, Yujia Wang, An Yan, Guohua Liu, Shudong Liu, Baojiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with isochlorogenic acid (ICA) on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 400 Cobb broilers (44.20 ± 0.16 g, one day old) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments (ICA supplementation at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/kg diet) with 8 replicates of 10 birds each. The experimental trial lasted for 42 d. The feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) exhibited a quadratic decrease in response to ICA supplementation during both the 1 to 42 d (<i>P</i> = 0.048) and 22 to 42 d (<i>P</i> = 0.039) periods, with the lowest F/G observed at a dietary ICA concentration of 2000 mg/kg. The apparent digestibility of calcium (<i>P</i> = 0.038) and crude protein (<i>P</i> < 0.001) exhibited a linear upward trend, and both the villus height and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio showed a quadratic increase (<i>P</i> = 0.027) with ICA supplementation. Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expression of ileum claudin-1 (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and occludin (<i>P</i> = 0.048), along with the gastrointestinal pH (<i>P</i> < 0.05), decreased linearly, whereas the concentration of ileum secretory immunoglobulin A (<i>P</i> = 0.005) increased linearly with ICA supplementation. Additionally, the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (<i>P</i> = 0.038) in the ileum, trypsin activity (<i>P</i> = 0.016), the serum concentration of immunoglobulin G (<i>P</i> = 0.005), and the activities of serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (<i>P</i> = 0.005) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (<i>P</i> = 0.040) increased quadratically with ICA supplementation. Additionally, the relative mRNA expression of <i>SOD-1</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.040) and <i>GSH-Px</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.040) in the ileum increased linearly with ICA supplementation. The abundance of <i>Streptococcus alactolyticus</i> was significantly higher in broilers supplemented with ICA at 2000 mg/kg compared to the control treatment (<i>P</i> = 0.030), and the concentration of metabolites, such as 15-deoxy-delta-12,14- prostaglandin J2, was increased by ICA supplementation. Dietary ICA enhanced broilers growth performance via increased digestive enzyme activity, leading to improved feed digestibility. Additionally, ICA improved health status by maintaining gut pH and enhancing antioxidant and immune functions. The optimal supplemental level of ICA of improving growth performance and intestinal immune function of broilers was 2000 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"472-486"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary geniposide supplementation could enhance hepatic lipid metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and ammonia stress resistance in turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>).","authors":"Haoran Sun, Tongtong Yue, Yuqing Hou, Tao Li, Zhi Li, Haiyan Liu, Peiyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary geniposide supplementation on growth performance, lipid metabolism, health status, and ammonia stress resistance in turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>). Four hundred fifty fish were randomly allocated into 5 treatments with triplicate tanks (30 fish per tank). They were hand-fed to apparent satiety for 56 d with a basal diet (GP0) or diets containing 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg geniposide (termed as GP100, GP200, GP400, GP800, respectively). After the conclusion of the feeding trial, the fish were exposed to ammonia stress for 96 h. The results showed that the growth performance were not affected by geniposide (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Dietary supplementation with geniposide decreased crude lipid in viscera without liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and the liver, as well as triglyceride concentrations in plasma, the liver and SAT (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 400 and 800 mg/kg geniposide significantly down-regulated lipogenesis-related gene expression, as well as fatty acid uptake-related gene expression, while significantly up-regulated triglyceride secretion-related gene expression in the liver compared with the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The GP800 group exhibited a significant reduction in plasma malondialdehyde contents compared with the control group, while both the GP200 and GP800 groups showed a significant increase in plasma complement C3 activities (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a notable enhancement in plasma lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase levels in the geniposide supplemented groups compared to the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, a significant decrease in the mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokine and a remarkable increase in the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines were discovered in geniposide supplemented groups relative to the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Cumulative survival rates after ammonia stress in the GP400 and GP800 groups were statistically higher than that in the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary geniposide supplementation could reduce lipid deposition in turbot by regulating lipid metabolism and transportation, and remarkably enhance immunity, antioxidant ability, and resistance to ammonia stress in turbot. Based on the quadratic regression analyses, the optimal concentrations of geniposide were estimated to be 545.21 to 668.41 mg/kg feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"458-468"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of combined thymol and rosmarinic acid on the intestinal microbiota and barrier function of the piglets challenged by Escherichia. coli K88","authors":"Runlin Li, Xuedong Ding, Mingkang Lei, Panpan Li, Ilias Giannenas, Jing Wang, Weiyun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"It has been found that thymol (Thy) and rosmarinic acid (Ros-A) improve the growth performance of piglets and relieve intestinal inflammation in animals. The effects of Thy and Ros-A separately or in combination (Thy×Ros-A) on the intestinal function and health of piglets challenged with <ce:italic>Escherichia coli</ce:italic> K88 (<ce:italic>E. coli</ce:italic> K88) were investigated. A total of 30 piglets aged 21 d were assigned to 5 groups (<ce:italic>n =</ce:italic> 6). The control (Con) and K88 groups piglets received a basal diet, while the Thy, Ros-A, and Thy×Ros-A groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg Thy, 500 mg/kg Ros-A, and 250 mg/kg Thy + 250 mg/kg Ros-A, respectively. On the 19th and 20th day, piglets in the K88, Thy, Ros-A, and Thy×Ros-A groups were orally administered 10 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing approximately 1 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">9</ce:sup> colony-forming units/mL of <ce:italic>E. coli</ce:italic> K88, while the Con group received an equal volume of PBS. The results showed that the Thy×Ros-A treatment reduced the damage to ileal villi induced by the <ce:italic>E. coli</ce:italic> K88 challenge, leading to longer villi in the ileum (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Thy and Ros-A modulated the composition of the ileal microbiota. Compared to the K88 group, the Thy×Ros-A group had a higher abundance of <ce:italic>Lactobacillus</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Romboutsia</ce:italic>, while <ce:italic>Escherichia-Shigella</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Desulforvibrio</ce:italic> were lower (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the Thy×Ros-A group showed elevated levels of gene and protein expressions for zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-1 compared to the K88 group (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, combining Thy and Ros-A reduced ileal damage and relieved the inflammation in weaned piglets challenged with <ce:italic>E. coli</ce:italic> K88 by regulating intestinal microflora and improving barrier function.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}