Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Lactobacillus strains from sows improve swine appetite by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations","authors":"Shuang Li, Jie Zheng, Yang Zhao, Jiaqi He, Hao Liu, Wei Zhong, Yingyan Huang, Zhen Li, Min Yang, Xilun Zhao, Bin Feng, Lianqiang Che, Zhengfeng Fang, Jian Li, Shengyu Xu, Yan Lin, Xuemei Jiang, Lun Hua, Yong Zhuo, De Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"Lactational feed intake (LFI) is important for the efficiency of sow production. Previous studies indicated that the gut microbiota participated in host appetite regulation. The role of the gut microbiota, especially <ce:italic>Lactobacillus mucosae</ce:italic> LM1 and <ce:italic>Lactobacillus amylovorus</ce:italic> in LFI regulation of sows was proved in the previous study. However, it is unclear whether and how <ce:italic>L</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>mucosae</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>L. amylovorus</ce:italic> affect feed intake. Forty-nine sows with similar backfat thickness (15.81 ± 0.31 mm), parity (3.36 ± 0.16), and initial litter size (10.08 ± 0.10) were used in the current study. They were stratified into high- (H group; LFI = 6.37 ± 0.10 kg/d, <ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 26) and low LFI (L group; LFI = 4.85 ± 0.15 kg/d, <ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 23) groups. The performance data and fresh feces samples were collected. The differences in the gut microbiota of sows were analyzed. On d 110 of gestation, the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (<ce:italic>P &lt;</ce:italic> 0.05) and the concentration of fecal endotoxin (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.032) were lower in H group sows than in L group sows, while <ce:italic>L. mucosae</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.021) was the dominant strain in high LFI sows. Three strains, <ce:italic>L</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>mucosae</ce:italic> (L.M), <ce:italic>L. amylovorus</ce:italic> 1 (L.A1) and <ce:italic>L. amylovorus</ce:italic> 2 (L.A2), from the feces of high LFI sows on d 7 of lactation were isolated. Whole genome sequencing results showed these strains had probiotic properties. Then, 50 piglets (the commercial pig offspring from a three-way cross between Landrace × York gilts and Duroc boars) at 28 d of age (initial body weight = 7.38 ± 0.26 kg) and 32 germ-free (GF) mice at 28 d of age (initial body weight = 13.45 ± 0.77 g) were used as models to verify the role and mechanism of dominant strains in host feeding regulation. Two gavage experiments confirmed that these strains of <ce:italic>Lactobacillus</ce:italic> reduced plasma or colon pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations (<ce:italic>P &lt;</ce:italic> 0.05). These strains of <ce:italic>Lactobacillus</ce:italic> increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentration in both animals and decreased the number of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1r) positive cells in the colon of GF mice (<ce:italic>P &lt;</ce:italic> 0.05). Taken together, these findings suggested that these strains from high LFI sows improved in host feeding regulation by increasing the GLP-1 level to lower the inflammation level when reducing the number of GLP-1r positive cells to inhibit the GLP-1 activation on the satiety pathway. These results would provide novel information to enhance the feed intake of sows during lactation and even treat anorexia.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals the immunomodulatory role of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on Litopenaeus vannamei under variable salinity conditions","authors":"Jian Chen, Hongming Wang, Hang Yuan, Naijie Hu, Yudong Zheng, Yonghua Hu, Shuang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is a critical environmental factor in aquaculture, and <ce:italic>Clostridium autoethanogenum</ce:italic> protein (CAP) shows potential as a new feed protein source. This 8-week study compared two diets (fish meal [FM] and CAP) for juvenile Pacific white shrimp (<ce:italic>Litopenaeus vannamei</ce:italic>) at salinity levels of 15‰, 30‰, and 45‰. A total of 720 <ce:italic>L. vannamei</ce:italic> with an initial average body weight of 0.38 ± 0.01 g were randomly assigned to six experimental groups, each with three biological replicates of 40 shrimp per replicate. The study examined CAP’s impact on shrimp growth, immune response, and transcriptome, using two-way ANOVA to analyze the results. The results indicated that compared to the FM group, the shrimp in the CAP group exhibited a significantly higher weight gain rate and specific growth rate at the same salinity (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). However, at 45‰ salinity, the shrimp in the CAP group had a higher feed conversion ratio and feed intake compared to the FM group (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). After infection with white spot syndrome virus, the CAP group exhibited a significantly higher survival rate at 15‰ and 45‰ salinity compared to the FM group (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). As salinity increased, most immune enzyme activities and gene expression levels in the FM group initially increased and then decreased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Under the same salinity, except for phenoloxidase activity which showed no significant difference at 45‰ salinity, all other immune-related indicators and gene expressions in the CAP group were significantly higher than those in the FM group (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FM and CAP groups at various salinity levels were primarily associated with immune and metabolic pathways. Additionally, by combining the analysis of these DEGs with immune-related indicators, it was observed that under different salinity conditions, CAP was associated with the co-expression of immune and metabolism-related genes as well as changes in enzyme activity. In summary, CAP as the main protein source boosts growth, disease resistance, and nonspecific immunity in <ce:italic>L. vannamei</ce:italic>, while also regulating immune enzyme activity and gene expression to improve adaptability to salinity changes.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into methionine’s role in maintaining intestinal stem cell regeneration via autophagy regulation","authors":"Yaxue Lv, Yuqing Feng, Jiandong Lu, Sheng Zhang, Yihan Wei, Chunqi Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"As an essential amino acid, methionine (Met) is crucial for several biological functions, including protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and protection against oxidative stress. As research uncovers the role of Met in addressing conditions like colorectal cancer and colitis, understanding its mechanisms in promoting gut health becomes increasingly vital. This review highlights the importance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in maintaining gut stability and discusses the impact of autophagy on these stem cells. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive examination of Met's biological characteristics, metabolic pathways, and its regulatory effects on autophagy. Met has promising potential for innovation in both nutritional and therapeutic contexts through its regulation of autophagy. By emphasizing its role in enhancing gut health and its therapeutic capabilities for related diseases, this article offers fresh perspectives for developing food products and pharmaceuticals, paving the way for more in-depth research and applications in this area.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminal microbiota-derived inosine alleviates metabolic disorders in dairy cows supplemented with grape seed extract","authors":"Qi Shao, Xinwei Li, Guojin Li, Lin Cai, Muhammad Usman, Juan J. Loor, Zhiyuan Fang, Meng Chen, Chenxu Li, Lingxue Ju, Cai Zhang, Yuanxiao Li, Haihua Feng, Xiliang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminal microbiota and their metabolites can shape host metabolic responses. Grape seed extract (GSE) can modulate ruminal microbiota profiles and metabolites in vitro, thus, underscoring their potential benefits on energy metabolism in dairy cows. In this study, Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups (<ce:italic>n =</ce:italic> 10 per group) with or without dietary supplementation of GSE (15 g/d per cow) from -3 to 3 wk relative to calving. The results showed that GSE supplementation led to increased fat corrected milk yield (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.003), feed efficiency (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.045) and reduced milk somatic cell count (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.031). In addition, GSE resulted in greater overall serum glucose (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.011) and lower non-esterified fatty acids (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001), β-hydroxybutyric acid (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.002), haptoglobin (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.003), and serum amyloid A (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.008) concentrations along with lower alanine/aspartate aminotransferase activity (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, GSE supplementation altered the composition and metabolic profiles of ruminal microbiota (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), with microbiota-derived inosine being greater both in serum (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) and rumen fluid (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001). In addition, ruminal inosine correlated positively with milk production and alleviation of negative energy balance (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic> &gt; 0.5, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, just as GSE in vivo, exogenous inosine treatment elicited similar effects on energy metabolism and inflammation both in vitro (1 μM, hepatocytes and adipocytes) and in dairy cows with ketosis (8 mg/kg per day, <ce:italic>n =</ce:italic> 5) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Overall, results underscore a beneficial effect of ruminal microbiota-derived inosine in maintaining metabolic homeostasis postcalving. Thus, dietary GSE supplementation may improve energy metabolism and inflammatory state in dairy cows by enhancing ruminal-derived inosine production. Feeding GSE and inosine can be a potential strategy to alleviate health problems and optimize productivity in dairy cows during the transition period.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic technologies to improve phytogenic feed additive efficacy in pigs and poultry","authors":"Carlos W.T. Nantapo, Upenyu Marume","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) are a diverse group of plant-derived materials that have gained considerable interest and use over the last few years in the food and agriculture industry. This is due to the banning of the use of antibiotic growth promoters, as well as an abundance of natural compounds with several perceived beneficial properties. PFA boast a wide range of physiology influencing properties including growth enhancement, stimulating feed intake, appetite and endogenous secretions, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. However, despite the demonstrated potential of PFA and their phytochemical constituents in vitro, several technical limitations restrict their use and commercialisation in monogastric diets. Strategies to improve the bioavailability of phytic acid (PFA) in pig and poultry diets are described, including encapsulation, feed enzymes, fermentation, cocktails and blends of phytogenics, blending PFA with organic acids and feed enzyme inclusion. The objective of this review article is to complement the body of knowledge considering new scientific evidence. In addition, the review describes some scientific techniques developed to improve the bioaccessibility and bioavailability and facilitate the application of PFA in pig and poultry nutrition.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential lipid metabolism in beef cattle: A comparative study of high and low residual feed intake bulls","authors":"Xin Yi, Simeng Yi, Jinze Wang, Boping Ye, Xiaowen Zhu, Qingxiang Meng, Hao Wu, Zhenming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated lipid metabolism differences between low and high residual feed intake (LRFI and HRFI) bulls. Fifty-five Simmental bulls (449.84 ± 8.49 kg) were fed the same diet for 161 d to determine RFI values. At the end of experiment, back fat thickness (BFT) and rib eye area (REA) were measured via ultrasound, and serum samples were collected for lipid metabolism indicators. Post-slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue was analyzed for lipid metabolism indicators, histology, transcriptomics, and lipid metabolomics. Results: 1) Ultrasound showed LRFI bulls had lower BFT (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.031) but higher REA (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.021). 2) Serum total cholesterol (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.028) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.015) were lower in LRFI bulls. Leptin levels were lower in both serum (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.007) and adipose tissue (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.001) in LRFI bulls, as were acetyl-CoA carboxylase levels in serum (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.032) and adipose tissue (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.043). Conversely, adipose triglyceride lipase levels were higher in both serum (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.045) and adipose tissue (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.043), while adipose tissue fatty acid synthase levels were lower (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.035) in LRFI bulls. 3) Transcriptomics identified two pathways, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), involving five lipid metabolism-related genes. Among these, adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor type 1 (<ce:italic>ADCYAP1R1</ce:italic>), adenylate cyclase 10 (<ce:italic>ADCY10</ce:italic>), and adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (<ce:italic>ADCYAP1</ce:italic>) were significantly upregulated (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), while leptin receptor (<ce:italic>LEPR</ce:italic>) was downregulated (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.047) in LRFI bulls. Additionally, leptin (<ce:italic>LEP</ce:italic>) showed a downward trend (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.098) in LRFI bulls. 4) Lipid metabolomics revealed that the LRFI group had significantly higher levels of wax ester (WE) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.040) and significantly lower levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.040) compared to the HRFI group. Additionally, sphingomyelin (SPH) showed a trend towards lower abundance (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.054), and C12:0 levels tended to be higher (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.089) in the LRFI group. In conclusion, differences in the AMPK and cAMP signaling in adipose tissue are associated with reduced lipid synthesis and enhanced lipid degradation in LRFI bulls, which may contribute to reduced lipid deposition.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"277 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attrition of amino acids in the life span of broiler chickens","authors":"Shemil P. Macelline, Sonia Y. Liu, Peter H. Selle","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"A dietary protein intake of approximately 2.5 kg is required to generate 1.0 kg of protein in the carcass of broiler chickens at 42 d post-hatch, reflecting the attrition or wastage of dietary amino acids that occurs during their lifespan. Thus, the aim of this review is to examine amino acid utilisation in broilers because the identification and correction of any avoidable losses will advantage both the chicken meat industry and consumers. Amino acids are lost to catabolic pathways in their transition across the enterocytes for energy production required for digestive processes. However, slowly digestible starch has been indicated to spare amino acids from catabolic losses by providing more glucose as an alternative energy substrate; this potential benefit warrants further investigation. Protein turnover may represent an even greater source of amino acid attrition, but it is a complex area. Protein turnover refers to the dynamic equilibrium between protein deposition and degradation, with a positive balance indicating net protein synthesis and growth. 3-methylhistidine concentrations in systemic plasma may be a sufficiently accurate indicator of protein degradation, which is probably the more influential component in protein turnover. If this can be demonstrated, experiments involving both L-carnitine and 3-methylhistidine may prove highly instructive because there are indications that L-carnitine has the capacity to depress protein degradation and enhance protein turnover in broiler chickens. The function of insulin in avian species is essentially a conundrum, particularly in relation to its regulatory role over protein turnover as broilers mature, and, ideally, this should be elucidated. Importantly, nutritionists should continue to endeavour to formulate diets for broiler chickens that meet amino acid requirements accurately. When this is achieved, circulating ammonia levels arising from post-enteral amino acid imbalances will be limited to the advantage of protein turnover and broiler growth performance. It is possible that protein degradation would be attenuated by broiler diets with appropriate balances between protein-bound and non-bound entities, ideal amino acid ratios and higher dietary electrolyte balances.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate on the growth performance, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bone development of weaned piglets","authors":"Yuyue Xi, Baoshi Shi, Xutong Guo, Wenxue Li, Zhiru Tang, Qingsong Tang, Yetong Xu, Xie Peng, Zhihong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> (25-OH-VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>), combined with chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine sulfate (GS), on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone development of weaned piglets. One hundred weaned piglets (28 d old; Duroc × Landrace × Large White; initial body weight, 7.8 ± 0.22 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments, which included basal diet + 50 μg/kg vitamin D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> (CON), basal diet + 50 μg/kg 25-OH-VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> (HyD), basal diet + 50 μg/kg 25-OH-VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> + 800 mg/kg CS (CS), basal diet + 50 μg/kg 25-OH-VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> + 1200 mg/kg GS (GS), and basal diet + 50 μg/kg 25-OH-VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> + 800 mg/kg CS + 1200 mg/kg GS (CS+GS). The experiment lasted 31 d, including 3 d of acclimation. The results showed that pigs in the HyD and GS groups had a higher (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.006) apparent digestibility of calcium than pigs in the CON group. The bone mineral density and calcium content in the metatarsal and phalangeal bones of piglets in the CS and GS groups were significantly higher (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05) than those in the CON and HyD groups. The mRNA expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 and calcium-binding protein D9K in the colon mucosa and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5, solute carrier family 34 member 1, calcium-sensing receptor, and calcium-binding protein D28K in the kidneys of piglets was upregulated (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05) in the GS group compared to that in the CON, HyD, CS, and CS+GS groups. The protein expression of cytochrome P450 27B1 and calcium-sensing receptor in the kidneys of piglets was upregulated (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05) in the GS group compared to that in the CON, HyD, and CS+GS groups. Overall, dietary supplementation with 25-OH-VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> alone or in combination with GS enhanced bone development in piglets by improving calcium and phosphorus metabolism.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus) bacteria meal, influences the intestinal microbiome, and improves intestinal barrier function and immunity in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscointestinetatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)","authors":"Jiacheng Zhang, Weixing Liang, Jia Wang, Matt Longshaw, Xiaohui Dong, Qihui Yang, Hongyu Liu, Junming Deng, Beiping Tan, Shuyan Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"The hybrid grouper (<ce:italic>Epinephelus fuscointestinetatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂</ce:italic>) is an important aquaculture marine species in China. The current study was designed to test the effects of methanotroph (<ce:italic>Methylococcus capsulatus</ce:italic>) bacteria meal (MBM) on hybrid grouper growth and intestinal health outcomes. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were formulated, comprising a control diet (MBM0) with 400 g/kg fish meal (FM) as the main protein source, and four experimental diets, in which FM was replaced at 5% (MBM2), 10% (MBM4), 20% (MBM8) and 30% (MBM12) with 20, 40, 80 and 120 g/kg of MBM, respectively. The 450 healthy juvenile hybrid grouper (initial weight 28.84 ± 0.05 g), were randomly allocated into five groups, with three replicates in each group and 30 fish in each replicate. They were fed for eight weeks prior to being sampled for transcriptome and microbiome research. The final body weight (FBW, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) and weight gain rate (WGR, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) were obviously enhanced in MBM2 and MBM8 groups compared to MBM0 group, and the specific growth rate (SGR) in the MBM2 and MBM8 groups were significantly enhanced compared to MBM0 group (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001). The condition factor (CF) in MBM4 and MBM8 groups were considerably reduced than that in MBM0 group (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.008). The hepatic somatic index (HSI) in MBM8 and MBM12 groups were obviously enhanced than that in the other groups (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001). In the intestinal microflora analysis, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) exhibited a significant linear increase with increasing MBM replacement ratio (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.015). Concurrently, the richness of bacterial families and genera showed significant linear enrichment (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.023 and <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.028, respectively). There was a decrease in the relative abundance of the potentially pathogenic genera <ce:italic>Photobacterium</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Vibrio</ce:italic> in the MBM-fed group compared with the control group. The study has effectively shown that MEM may significantly enhance the health and growth of hybrid groupers by partially replacing FM in diets at the required amount of 3.70%, as determined by WGR regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methionine metabolism, functions, and application in swine","authors":"Mengliao Wan, Yulong Yin, Yehui Duan, Jiashun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Methionine (Met) is the only sulfur-containing essential amino acid for animals and is the second or third limiting amino acid in swine diets. It plays a role not only in protein synthesis, but also as an important methyl donor to participate in various biochemical reactions. Additionally, Met can be converted into several functional derivatives, such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and homocysteine (Hcy) through which it exerts its biological functions. Specifically, appropriate supplementation with Met or SAM has been shown to provide a wide range of health-promoting effects, particularly in enhancing reproductive performance, improving intestinal morphology, regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, promoting muscle growth, and improving meat quality. In contrast, elevated Hcy levels can increase oxidative stress and inflammation, negatively affecting reproductive performance. Supplemental Met has been widely used in swine production for many years. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of Met and its derivatives in the pig industry, and explores their mechanism of action and optimal dosage as a feed additive, aiming to support the effective development and rational use of Met.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}