Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation improved eggshell and bone quality of laying ducks during 60 to 76 weeks of age","authors":"Yanan Zhang, Huanting Xia, Shuang Wang, Weiguang Xia, Chenglong Jin, Xuebing Huang, Kaichao Li, Shenglin Wang, Chang Zhang, Chuntian Zheng, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> (25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) supplementation in the diet of aged laying ducks on eggshell and bone quality. A total of 792 healthy Longyan laying ducks (60 weeks old) were randomly divided into 11 groups, each with 6 replicates of 12 birds. The 11 groups were fed for 16 weeks with diets containing either 0 (control), or varying levels of VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> or 25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>: 800, 1600, 2400, 3200, and 4000 IU/kg, respectively. Compared to the control, supplementation with either VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> or 25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> increased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05) the eggshell thickness, weight, and ratio throughout the trial period. Improvements were also observed in the eggshell ultrastructure, including increases in total thickness, effective thickness, and mammillary knob width (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05), as well as reductions in the scores of structures in the mammillary layer with VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> or 25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> supplementation (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05). The calcium (Ca) content in the eggshell increased, and the mammillary layer proportion and mammillae density of the eggshell decreased with 25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05) but not VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> supplementation. Dietary supplementation with both VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> and 25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> increased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05) the phosphorus (P) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> contents in the plasma, but the plasma Ca content only increased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.025) with 25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> supplementation. In addition, dietary 25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> supplementation decreased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.012) calcitonin levels, and increased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05) procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide and bone Gla protein (osteocalcin) levels compared to VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> supplementation. Dietary VD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> or 25(OH)D<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> supplementation increased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05) the tibial Ca content and strength, as well as the femoral mineral content, Ca content, and strength. The potential for Ca transport and bone formation was improved by both supplements, as indicated by increased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05) expression of essential genes in the uterus, duodenum, tibia, and femur, including vitamin D receptor, calbindin-D28k, plasma membrane calcium pump 1b, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and runt-related transcription factor 2. Beta-galactosidase staining revealed a significant reduction (<ce:ital","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis alleviate Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal inflammation and stabilize intestinal microorganisms and serum metabolites in piglets","authors":"Xuebing Han, Rong Gao, Sujuan Ding, Hao Yao, Jun Fang, Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"Enterotoxigenic <ce:italic>Escherichia coli</ce:italic> (ETEC) is a major pathogen causing diarrhea in weaned piglets, and oral administration of probiotics has become an important strategy for preventing and treating ETEC-induced diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of two probiotics, <ce:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Lactobacillus brevis</ce:italic>, on ETEC-induced injury in piglets. Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into control (CON) group (fed with basal diet and treated with sterile saline), ETEC group (fed with basal diet and treated with ETEC), LP-ETEC group (fed with basal diet and treated with ETEC and <ce:italic>L</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>plantarum</ce:italic>) and LB-ETEC group (fed with basal diet and treated with ETEC and <ce:italic>L. brevis</ce:italic>), with 6 piglets in each group. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results indicated that both probiotics were able to inhibit the ETEC-induced reduction in daily weight gain of piglets and prevent the damage to jejunum. Serum metabolomic analysis showed that both probiotics significantly increased some beneficial metabolites including phosphatidylethanolamine, monoacylglyceride, cholic acid and rhodoxanthin (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Transcriptome sequencing indicated that <ce:italic>L. plantarum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>L. brevis</ce:italic> may alleviate piglet diarrhea by regulating genes including <ce:italic>LBH</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>RNASE1</ce:italic>. According to 16s rRNA sequencing, both probiotics were able to maintain the normal microbial community of the gut. In summary, <ce:italic>L. plantarum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>L. brevis</ce:italic> can protect piglets from ETEC-induced damage and promote healthy growth of piglets by regulating metabolites and gene expression.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"644 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsaicinoids and capsinoids of chilli pepper as feed additives in livestock production: Current and future trends","authors":"Vanesa Gutiérrez-Chávez, Carolina Gutiérrez-Chávez, Ana A. Feregrino-Pérez, Claudia Gutiérrez-Antonio, Consuelo Lomas-Soria, Ramón G. Guevara-González","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"Population growth and income increase have promoted a greater consumption of animal-based food. To increase the yield of livestock animals, antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been provided at sub-therapeutic doses in water and feed for production animals. Unfortunately, the misuse of antibiotics has been associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in their ban as animal growth promoters in different countries. In recent years, phytocompounds have emerged as an alternative to substitute the use of antibiotics on livestock; in this context, capsaicinoids and capsinoids from <ce:italic>Capsicum</ce:italic> chilli peppers have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo, exhibiting interesting biological activities, such as analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypotensive, anticancer, antidiabetic and slimming. Capsinoids and capsaicinoids of chilli pepper have been mostly studied as alternatives to the treatment of obesity; thus, there are several gaps regarding how these phytocompounds enhance weight gain when used as feed additives in animal nutrition and there is no summary of the plethora of research that has been carried out using <ce:italic>Capsicum,</ce:italic> in extract or powder, in the diet of different species of farm animals that includes the biological effects, suggested doses and possible mixtures with other phytocompounds or medicinal plants. Therefore, this review addresses updates on the mechanisms of action of AGPs and capsaicinoids from chilli pepper to improve animal health and promote growth and productivity. Additionally, the biological effects on farm animals after the addition of <ce:italic>Capsicum</ce:italic> in the diet are summarized, as well as the effective doses to promote growth in chickens, pigs and ruminants. Finally, future trends and challenges about the use of AGPs and chilli pepper compounds in livestock nutrition are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the nutritional value of corn contaminated with deoxynivalenol and irradiated with electron beam and its effects on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, serum parameters, and intestinal permeability in piglets","authors":"Zhongyuan Du, Haojian Chi, Xinge Li, Daiwen Chen, Junning Pu, Bing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxynivalenol (DON) negatively affects the growth of piglets. Electron beam irradiation (EBI) has the potential to reduce the DON content in feeds. However, the quantitative effects of DON contamination and EBI on the nutritional value of corn remain unclear, as does the impact of this corn on piglet feeding. These experiments explored the effect of DON contamination and EBI treatment on the nutritional value of corn and the feeding effects of this corn on piglets. In Exp.1, 40 piglets (initial weight: 14.88 ± 1.92 kg) were allotted to five experimental diets with eight replicates per diet. Five diets included four types of corn diets: normal corn (NC), DON-contaminated corn (DON-C), EBI-treated NC (EBI-NC), and EBI-treated DON-C (EBI-DON-C), and a nitrogen-free diet formulated to determine the basal endogenous loss of amino acids. In Exp.2, 56 piglets (initial weight: 7.58 ± 0.35 kg) were randomly allocated to treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two types of corn (NC vs. DON-C) and two corn treatments (without EBI vs. EBI). There were four diets and seven replicate pens per diet, with two pigs per pen. The study found that both DON contamination and EBI treatment decreased the effective energy value of corn (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), and EBI treatment also decreased the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of most amino acids (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), whereas DON contamination had no negative effect on the SID of amino acids (Exp.1). In Exp. 2, EBI-treated corn (EBI-C) increased the average daily gain (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> =0.001) and average daily feed intake (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001), while increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) and decreased nutrient digestibility (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). DON-C had a positive impact on FCR (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.005). Neither EBI-C nor DON-C affected serum biochemical parameters (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &gt; 0.05). However, DON-C may induce oxidative stress, impair immune function, and disrupt intestinal barrier. In conclusion, EBI reduced the DON content of DON-C, while impacted the nutritional value of corn. Furthermore, DON-C reduced the antioxidant capacity and immune function of piglets to some extent, although it did not affect their growth performance.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of soybean meal and field peas inclusion on growth performance, carcass traits and nutrient digestibilities in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets","authors":"Milan Kandel, Mehdi Toghyani, Shemil P. Macelline, Peter H. Selle, Ruth N. Zadoks, Sonia Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"Replacing soybean meal (SBM) in broiler diets with only other plant-based protein-rich ingredients or only non-bound amino acids (NBAA) may compromise growth performance in broiler chickens. However, combining both to replace SBM may be feasible while maintaining broiler performance. A 3 × 2 full factorial designed experiment was conducted to include three levels of SBM inclusions (conventional, medium, and low/nil) and with supplementation of field peas or not (50, 80, 100, and 120 g/kg in the starter, grower, finisher, and withdrawal phases, respectively). The variation of SBM inclusions in the diets led to changes in NBAA inclusions and total dietary crude protein. Each diet was offered to 10 replicates of 5 birds per bioassay cage, or a total of 300 straight-run, Ross 308 broilers, from 0-42 days post-hatch. From 0-10 days post-hatch, medium inclusion of SBM reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to conventional SBM inclusions (1.171 versus 1.129, &lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.044). From 0-24 days post-hatch, pea inclusions improved the body weight gain by 2.08% (1371 versus 1343 g/bird; &lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.038) and reduced FCR from 1.297 to 1.276 (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001) regardless of dietary SBM inclusion levels. Similarly, from 0-35 days post-hatch, pea inclusion increased body weight gain from 2632 to 2731 g/bird (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.001) and reduced FCR from 1.405 to 1.369 (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001). Overall from 0-42 days, field peas inclusion improved body weight gain by 2.87% (3421 versus 3519 g/bird, &lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.025), and reduced FCR by 3.1 points (1.518 versus 1.487, &lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.024) regardless of SBM inclusion levels from 0-42 days post-hatch. Dietary treatment did not influence carcass yield and energy utilisation (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &gt; 0.05). From 27-29 days, broiler chickens offered diets containing the standard SBM inclusion generated the lowest total tract nitrogen retention regardless of pea inclusion rates (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.001). Reducing SBM inclusions, which corresponded with a reduction in dietary crude protein, increased apparent distal jejunal and ileal protein (N) digestibility coefficients (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) and total tract nitrogen retention (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.001), regardless of field pea inclusion. Dietary treatments did not influence protein disappearance rates in both the distal jejunum and the distal ileum (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &gt; 0.05). Diets containing the least SBM had increased apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficients of valine, glycine and proline (7.07%) compared to the conventional diets (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, replacing SBM with 5%-12% field peas and NBAAs in wheat-based broiler diets to achieve a 20 g/kg dietary CP reduction did not compromise growth performance in broiler chickens. The mechanism by which peas enhanced growth perform","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of red clover isoflavone on lactation performance, milk quality and nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows","authors":"Zhanbo Xiong, Xiaoyin Zhang, Shiqi Zhang, Kexin Li, Yuan Gao, Ying Bu, Nan Zheng, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing nitrogen loss and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in dairy cows can reduce economic costs and mitigate the environmental impact of nitrogen emissions. Red clover isoflavone, a natural compound derived from plant extract, has the advantage of biological safety. This study aimed to investigate the effects of red clover isoflavone on lactation performance and nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows. Sixty-eight Holstein cows (165 ± 21 d in milk, 710 ± 75 kg initial body weight, 2.30 ± 1.21 parities, 33.93 ± 3.81 kg/d milk yield) were chosen in a randomized complete block design. Cows were divided into 5 blocks by milk yield and randomly assigned to 4 treatments (17 cows per treatment). The experimental period lasted 84 d, during which cows were fed a basal diet supplemented with red clover extract (RCE) at 0, 2, 4, or 8 g/kg of total mixed rations (TMR) on a dry matter (DM) basis. These levels corresponded to red clover isoflavones of 0, 0.46 (0.31 g/kg formononetin and 0.15 g/kg biochanin A), 0.93 (0.67 g/kg formononetin and 0.26 g/kg biochanin A), and 1.83 g/kg (1.32 g/kg formononetin and 0.52 g/kg biochanin A), respectively. With increasing supplementation of RCE in TMR, milk yield increased quadratically by 4.65% to 9.64% (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.020) and feed efficiency improved by 6.58% to 10.53% (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.005), with the optimal dose identified as 2 g/kg. Additionally, RCE supplementation significantly increased the yield of milk components, including fat, protein, lactose, non-fat milk solid, and total milk solid (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), with the highest in the 2 g/kg group. Regarding nitrogen metabolism, RCE supplementation linearly increased microbial nitrogen (MN) from 782.61 to 956.41 g/d (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.003), which was accompanied by a linear increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency from 26.32% to 30.31% (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001). In contrast, urinary total nitrogen (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.027) and milk urea nitrogen (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) decreased quadratically with increasing doses of RCE, reaching their minimum at 4 g/kg. Following RCE supplementation, the apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) exhibited a quadratic effect (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), with significantly higher digestibility observed in the 2 g/kg group. Metabonomics results revealed that RCE supplementation significantly upregulated the top 12 differential metabolites. These findings suggest that RCE supplementation at levels ranging from 2 to 4 g/kg DM enhances lactation performance, milk quality, and nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing dietary crude protein, branched-chain amino acids, and energy levels for broiler performance using a Box-Behnken design.","authors":"Sosthene Musigwa, Pierre Cozannet, Mingan Choct, Shu-Biao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the limitations and interactive effects of dietary crude protein (CP; 15%, 17% and 19%), excess branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) inclusions (0%, 20% and 40%), and net energy (NE; 9.0, 9.7 and 10.4 MJ/kg) on performance and nutrient utilization for Cobb 500 mix-sex broilers, using a Box-Behnken design. The study consisted of 2 experiments: Exp. 1 involved 1092 chickens, and their performance was measured from d 19 to 35, and Exp. 2 employed 156 birds for NE measurements from d 25 to 28. Both experiments used the same diets (<i>n</i> = 13), each replicated 7 times for Exp. 1 and 6 times for Exp. 2. On d 35, 4 birds per pen (2 males and 2 females) were sampled to collect ileal digesta and weigh carcass parts. Feed intake (FI), NE intake (NEi), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and breast yield were affected by CP × NE (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and CP × BCAA (<i>P</i> = 0.041). Diluting NE in the reduced CP (RP)-diets led to a higher FI (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and breast yield (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than high NE, but the NE levels had no effect (<i>P</i> > 0.05) on FI and breast yield in high CP (HCP)-diets. Breast yield increased (<i>P</i> = 0.041) with BCAA in HCP-diets, whereas in the RP-diets, the yield lowered (<i>P</i> = 0.041) with increased BCAA. A similar trend was observed with fat content: in HCP-diets, fat content increased (<i>P</i> = 0.007) with BCAA, while in RP-diets, fat content decreased (<i>P</i> = 0.007) with higher BCAA levels. In addition, increasing BCAA in the RP-diets decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.001) FI, NEi, WG and increased FCR (<i>P</i> = 0.001) than low BCAA. However, BCAA levels had no effect (<i>P</i> > 0.05) on these measurements in HCP-diets. High NE increased (<i>P</i> < 0.001) NEi and decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.001) FCR compared to low NE in the HCP-diets. However, the NE effect on both measurements did not differ (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in RP-diets. These results indicate that increasing BCAA levels beyond the recommended amounts in RP-diets impairs energy utilization, leading to poor performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"402-418"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of the probiotic <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG to pre-weaning calves decreases diarrhea incidence by modulating gut bacteria and associated metabolites.","authors":"Haoqi Han, Kaizhen Liu, Yao Wang, Mingming Song, Hongxia Lian, Tengyun Gao, Liyang Zhang, Tong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to investigate whether <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG (LGG) could be utilized as an effective strategy to promote growth performance of calves and to further study its impact on decreasing diarrhea. A total of 18 healthy Holstein calves (age 8 ± 3 days, weight 42.48 ± 1.04 kg) were raised in a centralized manner to minimize differences and then divided into two groups: one group received LGG supplementation (1 × 10¹⁰ CFU per calf per day), while the other served as the control (CON). Each group consisted of 9 replicates, with 1 calf per replicate. The experimental period spanned 6 weeks. The experimental results demonstrated an increase of the average daily growth (<i>P</i> = 0.094) and a highly significant reduction in diarrhea (<i>P</i> = 0.001) for the LGG group compared with the CON group. The supplementation of LGG resulted in an increased abundance of endogenous beneficial bacteria in the gut including <i>Lysinbacillus</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.012) and <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.041) while reducing levels of pathogenic bacteria in the <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.066). These particular groups could serve as biomarker bacteria for calf diarrhea and gut health. The alteration of metabolite production and metabolic pathways were also closely associated with the variation of bacterial composition in the gut microbiome of calves, of which included enrichment of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid and steroid biosynthesis. Overall, LGG administration had a positive impact on improving the intestinal homeostasis, alleviating diarrhea, and enhancing growth performance by modulating gut bacteria and metabolites in pre-weaning calves. Thus, LGG could be a potential alternative to prophylactic antibiotic treatment that would lower associated costs and provide new insights into preventing and treating calf diarrhea.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"234-244"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 14th China national symposium on animal nutrition: Embracing precision, efficiency, and innovation towards a greener future.","authors":"Chenbin Cui, Jing Wu, Min Tian, Xuefen Yang, Zongyong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"419-425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary arachidonic acid improves the growth performance, anti-oxidant capacity and ovary development of female rice field eel broodstocks (<i>Monopterus albus</i>).","authors":"Huamei Yue, Peng Fu, Haichao Deng, Rui Ruan, Huan Ye, Chuang Zhang, Chuangju Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arachidonic acid (ARA) is crucial for the growth, antioxidant capacity, and reproductive performance of fish. This study was conducted to assess the impact of dietary ARA on female rice field eel (<i>Monopterus albus</i>) broodstocks. A total of 600 eels, averaging 117.96 ± 3.65 g, were randomly distributed into 12 tanks, with each tank containing 50 fish. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets comprising 0, 0.50%, 1.00%, and 1.50% ARA were formulated and fed to experimental fish for 10 weeks. Weight gain rates (WGR) increased significantly in 0.50% and 1.00% ARA groups compared to the control (ANOVA, <i>P</i> = 0.001; quadratic, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The lowest WGR and hepatosomatic index (HSI) values were observed in the 1.50% ARA group. Ovarian crude lipid content decreased in response to the increase of dietary ARA (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly reduced in 1.00% and 1.50% ARA groups (linear and quadratic, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Compared to the control, dietary addition of ARA up to 1.50% increased hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content linearly and quadratically (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The ovarian ARA proportion was significantly increased in dietary ARA groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Dietary ARA increased the concentration of serum estradiol (E2), and contents of ovarian prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and vitellogenin (VTG) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The mRNA levels of ovarian cytochrome P450 (<i>cyp19a1a</i>), luteinizing hormone receptor (<i>lhr</i>), and hepatic vitellogenin (v<i>tg</i>) were significantly upregulated following ARA treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In summary, dietary ARA supplementation increased the growth performance and ovarian deposition of ARA, and reduced the ovarian crude lipid content of <i>M. albus</i>. Dietary ARA may regulate the synthesis of steroid hormones and VTG by enhancing the PGE2 downstream signaling pathway, thereby promoting gonadal development in female <i>M. albus</i> broodstock. The optimal dietary ARA supplementation for female <i>M. albus</i> broodstock is suggested to be 10.00 g/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"341-350"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}