Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Parathyroid glands exhibit reduced parenchymatic chief cells and increased extracellular collagen as a response to a long-term low-phosphorus diet in pigs","authors":"Michael Oster, Henry Reyer, Frieder Hadlich, Siriluck Ponsuksili, Petra Wolf, Klaus Wimmers, Jonas Keiler","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"Parathyroid glands (PTG) are essential in maintaining mineral homeostasis, particularly in regulating blood calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels. The endocrine regulation via parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a prerequisite for the efficient utilization of dietary P. The PTG contain lobules of PTH-producing chief cells surrounded by extracellular collagen. It is hypothesized that the areal proportions of chief cells and extracellular collagen in PTG are dependent on dietary P intake. Based on PTG gene expression patterns, a total of 18 crossbred pigs balanced for sex and litter were fed one of three long-term diets with low (<ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 6), medium (<ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 6), or high P levels (<ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 6) from weaning at d 28 until slaughter at d 120. Total dietary P levels of low, medium, and high P groups were 5.20, 6.48 and 7.80 g/kg diet for grower, respectively, and 4.12, 5.50 and 6.96 g/kg diet for fattener, respectively. The effects of P supply were analyzed for their impact on the microscopic structure of porcine PTG using microphotographs following Azan trichrome staining verified by immunohistochemistry of PTH, calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), collagen type I (COL1), and collagen type III (COL3) and related to gene expression data. Histological stainings of PTG showed significantly reduced areas of PTG chief cells (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) and increased extracellular collagen (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) in animals fed low dietary P compared to control and high P diets. The long-term adaptation to a low P diet indicates a PTG reorganization and suggests that the lobular structure, along with the extracellular matrix, may play a role in the complex processes of mineral homeostasis. Mechanistically, this could be a component of a physiologic and possibly reversible response following long-term P intake, which has implications for PTG regulation and, consequently, PTH control.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the differences in rumen bacteria and their impact on dairy cows' production performance: A review","authors":"Jianhao Yang, Yifan Li, Mengkun Sun, Shanshan Guo, Pengfei Lin, Aihua Wang, Yaping Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"This review aimed to summarize the relationship between rumen bacteria and production performance in dairy cows. The composition and metabolic functions of rumen bacteria significantly influenced production performance. However, previous studies lacked a systematic review of how variations in rumen bacterial composition correlate with production performance. This review described the differences in rumen bacterial composition among dairy cows with varying production performance, focusing on milk yield and composition, feed efficiency (FE), average daily gain (ADG) and methane production. Additionally, we explored the differences in rumen bacteria across different parities and testing time points. Through this systematic summary, we discussed the impact of rumen bacterial composition on dairy cow production performance and provided new insights and guidelines for devising targeted microbiome adjustment strategies.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"671 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration","authors":"Yezi Kong, Qi Wang, Jing Wang, Xiaoyu Qiu, Yong Yang, Jingbo Liu, Feiyun Yang, Renli Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a metabolite of tryptophan produced by gut bacterial catabolism that has a variety of functions, including anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and regulation of glucose metabolism. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary IPA supplementation on early muscle development in piglets. Twelve healthy Landrace × Rongchang piglets at 30 d of age were randomly divided into control (CON group, 10.78 ± 0.040 kg) and 0.1% IPA (IPA group, 10.80 ± 0.062 kg) for 50 d. The results showed that IPA increased the proportion of glycolytic myofibers significantly in muscle (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.002). Supplementation with IPA increased PK activity (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.025) and gene expression of myosin heavy chain 4 (<ce:italic>MYH4</ce:italic>) in muscle (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001), and decreased the gene expression of <ce:italic>MYH7</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>MYH2</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.01) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.01). Supplementation with IPA enhanced insulin sensitivity and activated PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in vivo and accelerated differentiation of C2C12 cells in vitro. In addition, IPA affected gut microbiota by increasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and significantly reduced the concentration of kynurenine and melatonin (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, IPA increased glycolytic myofibers and promoted muscle growth by regulating the homeostasis of glucose metabolism mediated by PI3K-mTOR signaling and the gut microbiota in piglets.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect fat as feed: Potential to modify the fatty acid composition of animal-derived foods","authors":"Pablo G. Toral, Manuela Renna, Pilar Frutos, Laura Gasco, Gonzalo Hervás","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"Insect products are attracting both scientific and commercial interest because of their high quality as food and feed, with insect farming having a low environmental impact and the potential to mitigate food-feed-fuel competition. Research on edible insects has primarily focused on their role as alternative protein sources, but the use of insect fat as feed offers a tool to modulate the fatty acid (FA) profile of animal-derived foods. In this review, we conducted a systematic literature search on the composition of insect fats and their effects in animal feeding trials. We compiled two datasets of FA profiles: insects used as feed (<ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 120) and associated animal-derived products (<ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 378). Most studies were available in aquaculture and poultry, but despite fewer publications in pigs, rabbits, and ruminants, results also seem promising in these species. Based on our dataset, insects can be described as non-conventional feeds with conventional FA profiles that could easily replace plant oils in animal diets without significantly altering the ration. Nevertheless, greater analytical effort is needed to improve insect FA descriptions. In general, a limited number of insect species have been used as feed, primarily <ce:italic>Hermetia illucens</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Tenebrio molitor</ce:italic>, with opposite effects on the FA profile of animal products: the former consistently increases saturated FA content (12:0 and 14:0) in fish, meat, and eggs, while the latter usually improves the concentration of unsaturated FA (<ce:italic>cis</ce:italic>-9 18:1 and 18:2n-6). Responses to the use of other insect species are associated with their specific FA profiles. However, inconsistent effects of insect fats have often been described in the literature, largely due to the degree of unsaturation of the fat in control diets. As a general recommendation, when the aim is to improve the FA profile of animal products, insects should replace feeds with an equal or lower degree of unsaturation. Because few studies have evaluated the use of extracted insect oils as feed, a major effort is needed in the coming years to define recommended levels of inclusion and examine potential interactions with basal diet composition.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4-Methylesculetin alleviated aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury and ferritinophagy through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) - target of rapamycin (TOR) -unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase (Ulk) axis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Xiangning He, Jiajia Zhang, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Hequn Shi, Lin Feng, Xiaoqiu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), frequently identified in animal feed and raw materials, induces oxidative stress as a primary toxicological consequence. The coumarin compound 4-methylesculetin (4-ME) possesses notable antioxidant properties, leading to its application in medical contexts. Given that the liver is the principal organ targeted by AFB1, this study investigated the potential mechanism through which 4-ME mitigated hepatic injury induced by AFB1 in grass carp. The grass carp (initial body weight of 11.40 ± 0.01 g) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (3 replicates/treatment and 60 fish/replicate), which were control group (Control), 60 μg/kg AFB1 group (AFB1), 10 mg/kg 4-ME group (4-ME) and 60 μg/kg AFB1 + 10 mg/kg 4-ME group (AFB1 + 4-ME). The present study found that AFB1 caused liver injury, dietary 4-ME supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity through the Nrf2 pathway, decreased the levels of AFB1-NDA adducts (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) and total bile acid (TBA) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) in liver, and decreased the protein expression of CYP3A4 in liver (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001), inhibited the transcriptional levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related genes (including <ce:italic>XBP1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>IRE1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>ATF6</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>Chop</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>EIF2α</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>PERK</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>GRP78</ce:italic>) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), autophagy-related genes (including beclin 1, <ce:italic>LC3</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>ATG12</ce:italic>) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05) and apoptosis-related genes (including <ce:italic>Bax</ce:italic>, caspase-8 and caspase-3) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Dietary 4-ME supplementation also decreased the contents of iron (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.004), and increased SLC7A11 (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.001) and GPx4 protein levels (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) in liver, and alleviated AFB1-induced elevation of AMPK and Ulk1 genes and proteins expression (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), and the decreased of TOR gene and protein expression (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05) in live. In summary, AFB1 induced oxidative damage, ERS, apoptosis, and autophagy in the liver of grass carp, which are associated with ferroptosis and linked to the activation of the AMPK-TOR-Ulk1 signaling axis. Notably, supplementation with 4-ME mitigated these effects. The findings offer new theoretical insights into the potential of 4-ME to alleviate ferritinophagy-related diseases induced by AFB1 in grass carp.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary digestible energy levels on growth performance, intestinal function, carcass traits, meat quality and blood biochemical parameters of Ningxiang pigs","authors":"Zhaobin Wang, Chunchun Geng, Jiaqi Zhang, Xianglin Zeng, Xin Wang, Cheng Zhang, Weidong Zhang, Qiye Wang, Huansheng Yang, Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of changing the digestible energy (DE) level of the diet on the growth performance, intestinal function, carcass traits, meat quality and blood biochemical indices of Ningxiang pigs, and to comprehensively identify the lipid molecules in the abdominal fat of Ningxiang pigs through lipidomics technology to evaluate the pork quality. The experiment selected 225 castrated Ningxiang pigs (47.64 ± 0.58 kg) and randomly divided them into 5 groups, with 5 replicates in each group and 9 Ningxiang pigs in each replicate. Diets with DE of 11.34, 11.80, 12.31, 12.82 and 13.31 MJ/kg were fed respectively, and the experimental period was 56 days. The increase in DE significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001), gastric juice pH (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.054) and colonic volatile fatty acid content (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.023) of Ningxiang pigs. The increase in ADG was the result of increased lipid deposition with increasing DE. Increasing DE would lead to a downward trend in the redness value of muscle (a*, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.088) and significantly reduce the stomach weight index (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.006). Increasing DE increased the depth of duodenal crypts (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.002), and reduced the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.002). The colonic microbiota was significantly affected by the increase in DE (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). 11.34 MJ/kg DE level reduced serum urea nitrogen levels (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.025) and 11.80 MJ/kg DE level significantly increased pancreatic lipase levels (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.007). In addition, lipidomics revealed the differences in the expression patterns of differential lipid molecules in the abdominal fat of Ningxiang pigs and their potential effects on related metabolic pathways. In conclusion, changes in digestible energy levels had significant effects on the growth performance, intestinal function, carcass traits, meat quality and blood biochemical indices in Ningxiang pigs. High-energy diets may result in excessive fattening of Ningxiang pigs.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential: Exploring the application of bioactive peptides in aquaculture","authors":"Shiyou Chen, Tao Ding, Jie Wang, Xiaofang Liang, Hao Wang, Junjun Wang, Min Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"Bioactive peptides (BAPs), typically comprising two to 20 amino acids, are widely acknowledged for their distinctive biological functions. They can be broadly classified as endogenous or exogenous peptides. Integrating BAPs into feed is now deemed an efficacious nutritional strategy to enhance the resilience of farmed aquatic species against stress-induced damage and pathogen infections. Moreover, dietary BAPs have exhibited significantly favorable effects on fish and shrimp’s feed utilization and growth performance. The present review comprehensively explores the extensive research on the diverse applications of BAPs in aquaculture, explicitly focusing on recent advances in utilizing antioxidative, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory peptides. Additionally, the study incorporates several common dipeptides and tripeptides to address the challenges associated with inefficient absorption, high production costs, and the inherent instability of amino acid monomers. Furthermore, the review explores the methods for obtaining BAPs through enzymatic hydrolysis technology, highlighting key challenges that require attention in aquatic research. This review is expected to encourage further investigation in the related fields.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing milk quality and modulating plasma lipid metabolism of lactating dairy goats: The impact of bile acid supplementation","authors":"Qingyan Yin, Xingwei Jiang, Huifeng Liu, Peiyue Wang, Xiaodong Su, Jun Zhang, Xinjian Lei, Junhu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"An essential function carried out by bile acids (BA) is to aid in lipid absorption, as they emulsify lipids and combine with them to form chylomicrons. While BA have been utilized as lipid emulsifiers in monogastric and aquatic animals, their impact on ruminants remains relatively unexplored. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of BA on the lipid absorption of lactating dairy goats. In experiment 1, twelve lactating goats with similar days in milk (42 ± 2 d), body weight (46.2 ± 5.1 kg), and milk yield (1.62 ± 0.33 kg) were administered four BA doses (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/d) to explore the effects of BA supplementation. The results observed a positive correlation between the BA dose and plasma total bile acid concentration (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001). Notably, when goats received BA, there was a trend of increase in the proportion of preformed fatty acids in milk (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.079). In experiment 2, eighteen lactating goats with similar days in milk (100 ± 6 d), body weight (45.0 ± 3.7 kg), and milk yield (1.60 ± 0.31 kg) were divided into two groups (HF and HFB): HF group received no BA, while HFB group received BA (4 g/d). Both the groups were fed diets with fat powder supplementation (1% of dry material) for 5 weeks. BA supplementation led to a significant increase in milk yield (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.024) and fat concentration (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.045). Meanwhile, there was a significant rise of total bile acid concentration in plasma (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001), rumen (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001) and feces (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, BA supplementation had a significant impact on blood metabolism, up-regulating 241 metabolites and down-regulating 208 metabolites (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). BA supplementation also altered the correlations among various plasma lipid components (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). In fatty acid (FA) analysis, 26 different FA were detected, out of which 16 showed significant down-regulation upon BA supplementation (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, BA supplementation positively influenced lactating dairy goats, particularly when fed diets with fat powder supplementation. BA supplementation enhanced milk yield, improved milk fat concentration, and significantly altered lipid-related blood metabolism. These findings suggest that BA supplementation could be a valuable strategy for enhancing dairy production and lipid metabolism in dairy goats, offering potential benefits for the dairy industry.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fiber derived short-chain fatty acids as a critical driver of the gut-bone axis in animal bone health: A review","authors":"Zeshan Zulfiqar, Shucheng Huang, Yinghua Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal health, regulated by gut microbiota, is essential for optimal animal production performance and bone metabolism. Dietary fiber, a key modulator of gut microbiota, influences microbial composition and enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids, which in turn affect bone remodeling processes. This review examines the mechanistic links between dietary fiber, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and bone health, highlighting their roles in mitigating oxidative stress, modulating immune responses, and regulating osteogenic and osteoclastic activities. By elucidating these interactions, we provide insights into the potential of dietary fiber as a nutritional strategy for improving bone integrity and managing bone-related disorders in animals.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation improved eggshell and bone quality of laying ducks during 60 to 76 weeks of age","authors":"Yanan Zhang, Huanting Xia, Shuang Wang, Weiguang Xia, Chenglong Jin, Xuebing Huang, Kaichao Li, Shenglin Wang, Chang Zhang, Chuntian Zheng, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt;, VD&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt;) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; (25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt;) supplementation in the diet of aged laying ducks on eggshell and bone quality. A total of 792 healthy Longyan laying ducks (60 weeks old) were randomly divided into 11 groups, each with 6 replicates of 12 birds. The 11 groups were fed for 16 weeks with diets containing either 0 (control), or varying levels of VD&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; or 25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt;: 800, 1600, 2400, 3200, and 4000 IU/kg, respectively. Compared to the control, supplementation with either VD&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; or 25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; increased (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) the eggshell thickness, weight, and ratio throughout the trial period. Improvements were also observed in the eggshell ultrastructure, including increases in total thickness, effective thickness, and mammillary knob width (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05), as well as reductions in the scores of structures in the mammillary layer with VD&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; or 25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; supplementation (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05). The calcium (Ca) content in the eggshell increased, and the mammillary layer proportion and mammillae density of the eggshell decreased with 25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) but not VD&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; supplementation. Dietary supplementation with both VD&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; and 25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; increased (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) the phosphorus (P) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; contents in the plasma, but the plasma Ca content only increased (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.025) with 25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; supplementation. In addition, dietary 25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; supplementation decreased (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; = 0.012) calcitonin levels, and increased (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide and bone Gla protein (osteocalcin) levels compared to VD&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; supplementation. Dietary VD&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; or 25(OH)D&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;3&lt;/ce:inf&gt; supplementation increased (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) the tibial Ca content and strength, as well as the femoral mineral content, Ca content, and strength. The potential for Ca transport and bone formation was improved by both supplements, as indicated by increased (&lt;ce:italic&gt;P&lt;/ce:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) expression of essential genes in the uterus, duodenum, tibia, and femur, including vitamin D receptor, calbindin-D28k, plasma membrane calcium pump 1b, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and runt-related transcription factor 2. Beta-galactosidase staining revealed a significant reduction (&lt;ce:ital","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}