Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary high lipid and high plant-protein affected growth performance, liver health, bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in groupers.","authors":"Jia Xu, Fan Wang, Chaoqun Hu, Junxiang Lai, Shiwei Xie, Kefu Yu, Fajun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High lipid diets (HLD) and high plant-protein diets (HPD) exhibit potential fishmeal-saving effects but negatively impact liver health and growth performance in fish. We hypothesized that HLD and HPD impair liver health in pearl gentian groupers (<i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i>♂ × <i>Epinephelus lanceolatus</i>♀) through the modulation of intestinal microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Four diet groups were tested: control diet (CD, 46.21% crude protein, 9.48% crude lipid), HLD (46.37% crude protein, 16.70% crude lipid), HPD (46.50% crude protein, 9.38% crude lipid), and high lipid-high plant-protein diet (HLPD, 46.54% crude protein, 16.67% crude lipid). A total of 300 fish (average body weight = 15.22 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into 4 diet treatments (ensuring 3 tanks replicates of each diet treatment, each tank containing 25 fish). After an eight-week feeding period, the HLD and HPD significantly decreased the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake (FI) in comparison to CD group, with HLPD exacerbating these indicators (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared to CD group, the content of total cholesterol (T-CHO) and triglyceride (TG) in liver and serum were significantly increased in HLD group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared to HPD group, the content of T-CHO in liver was significantly decreased, the content of TG in liver and serum were significantly increased in HLPD group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). HLD, HPD, and HLPD impaired liver health by inducing histological damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Compared to CD group, the mRNA relative expression of bile salt export pump (<i>bsep</i>) and multidrug resistance protein 3 (<i>mdr3</i>) were significantly increased in HLD group, whereas the mRNA relative expression of sterol-27-hydroxylase (<i>cyp27a1</i>), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (<i>meh</i>), apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (<i>asbt</i>), multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (<i>mrp3</i>), farnesoid X receptor (<i>fxr</i>) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (<i>tgr5</i>) were significantly decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared to CD group, the mRNA relative expression of <i>mdr3</i>, <i>asbt</i>, <i>mrp3</i>, organic anion transporters 1 (<i>oatp1</i>), <i>meh</i>, <i>fxr</i> and <i>tgr5</i> were significantly decreased in HPD group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In summary, HLD affects intestinal microbiota, BA metabolism, and lipid metabolism, leading to lipid deposition and liver damage. HPD regulates gut microbiota, BA metabolism, inflammatory responses, and BA receptor expression, impairing grouper liver health. HLPD synergistically combines the adverse effects of HLD and HPD on grouper liver health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"370-385"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of glycyrrhetinic acid in attenuating adverse effects of a high-fat diet in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>).","authors":"Quanquan Cao, Zhihao Zhang, Ju Zhao, Lin Feng, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Juan Zhao, Haifeng Liu, Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has been shown to promote growth characteristics and play a crucial role in anti-inflammatory responses in animals. To investigate the effects of dietary GA supplementation on growth performance, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal barrier protection in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) fed a high-fat diet (HFD), a 77-day feeding experiment was conducted. A total of 750 largemouth bass, initially averaging 17.39 ± 0.09 g in body weight, were randomly allocated to five experimental groups and fed a control diet, a HFD, and the HFD diet supplemented with GA at either 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg, named as control, HDF, HFD + GA 0.5, HFD + GA 1.0, and 1.5 HFD + GA 1.5, respectively. Each group contained three replicates. The study revealed that dietary GA improved final body weight (<i>P</i> < 0.001), percent weight gain (<i>P</i> = 0.041), and feed intake (<i>P</i> < 0.001), all of which had been affected by a HFD in largemouth bass (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Supplementation of HFD with 1.0 mg/kg GA increased the mRNA expressions and protein levels of corresponding tight junctions, occludin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1 in the intestines of largemouth bass. Furthermore, the addition of HFD with both of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg GA decreased the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory genes such as interleukin-1β (<i>IL-1β</i>), <i>IL-18</i>, and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (<i>caspase-1</i>), as well as proteins associated with pyroptosis-induced inflammation, including NOD-like receptor family and pyrin domain contain 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), gasdermin E (GSDME), and N-terminal domain of GSDME (GSDME-N) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Finally, dietary GA supplementation alleviated mitochondrial damage and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by the HFD. It is concluded that GA supplementation in HFD enhances growth performance, increases mRNA expression and protein levels of tight junction-related parameters, decreases mRNA expression and protein levels of pyroptosis-related genes, and alleviates intestinal mitochondrial injury and inflammation induced by HFD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"248-260"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary methionine on the growth and protein synthesis of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) fed fish meal-free diets.","authors":"Jiadai Liu, Erchao Li, Xinyu Li, Xiaodan Wang, Qincheng Huang, Han Wang, Yixin Miao, Qingchao Shi, Jianguang Qin, Liqiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of dietary methionine (Met) on growth performance and protein synthesis in juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) fed fish meal (FM)-free diets. Three diets free of FM containing 0.48% (LM), 1.05% (MM), and 1.72% (HM) Met were assessed, and the cysteine content in all the diets was adjusted to 0.46%. The control diet contained 35% FM without Met supplementation. Extra lysine was added to all of the FM-free diets to match the lysine level in the control diet. Juvenile <i>E. sinensis</i> (800 crabs weighing 0.74 ± 0.01 g each) were fed these four diets for eight weeks, with five replicates for each treatment. Both the LM and HM groups presented lower weight gain than all the other groups did (<i>P</i> = 0.002). The survival of the crabs was lower in the LM and HM groups than in the MM group (<i>P</i> = 0.005). Compared with those in the other groups, the growth performance of the crabs in the MM group improved, and lipid deposition and protein accumulation increased. These positive outcomes are associated with high protein expression linked to the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and low expression of genes and proteins linked to the PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway. The study of Met supplementation has explored the response of the PERK pathway through reducing glutathione (GSH) levels to promote protein synthesis. The injection of Met and L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, suppressed GSH production and altered the expression of genes and proteins related to protein synthesis pathways. This study suggests that Met supplementation in FM-free diets can increase the growth and protein synthesis of <i>E. sinensis</i> by modulating specific cellular pathways, particularly the mTOR and PERK pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"226-239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-level L-Gln compromises intestinal amino acid utilization efficiency and inhibits protein synthesis by GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathway in piglets fed low-crude protein diets.","authors":"Jun Li, Yinfeng Chen, Yang Yang, Ying Yang, Zhenlong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gln, one of the most abundant amino acids (AA) in the body, performs a diverse range of fundamental physiological functions. However, information about the role of dietary Gln on AA levels, transporters, protein synthesis, and underlying mechanisms in vivo is scarce. The present study aimed to explore the effects of low-crude protein diet inclusion with differential doses of L-Gln on intestinal AA levels, transporters, protein synthesis, and potential mechanisms in weaned piglets. A total of 128 healthy weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated into four treatments with four replicates. Pigs in the four groups were fed a low-crude protein diet containing 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% L-Gln for 28 d. L-Gln administration markedly (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.05) increased Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Glu, Gln, His, Ile, Lys, Met, Orn, Phe, Ser, Thr, Tyr, and Val levels and promoted trypsin activity in the jejunal content of piglets. Moreover, L-Gln treatment significantly enhanced concentrations of colonic Gln and Trp, and serum Thr (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.01), and quadratically increased serum Lys and Phe levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and decreased plasma Glu, Ile, and Leu levels (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that L-Gln administration significantly upregulated <i>Atp1a1</i>, <i>Slc1a5</i>, <i>Slc3a2</i>, <i>Slc6a14</i>, <i>Slc7a5</i>, <i>Slc7a7</i>, and <i>Slc38a1</i> relative expressions in the jejunum (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, dietary supplementation with L-Gln enhanced protein abundance of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2, <i>P</i> = 0.010), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in the jejunum of piglets (<i>P</i> = 0.008). These results demonstrated for the first time that a low crude protein diet with high-level L-Gln inclusion exhibited side effects on piglets. Specifically, 2% and 3% L-Gln administration exceeded the intestinal utilization capacity and compromised the jejunal AA utilization efficiency, which is independent of digestive enzyme activities. A high level of L-Gln supplementation would inhibit protein synthesis by GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling in piglets fed low-protein diets, which, in turn, upregulates certain AA transporters to maintain AA homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"480-487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inositol supplementation improves meat quality by modulating amino acid metabolism and gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.","authors":"Enfa Yan, Haijun Sun, Linjuan He, Boyang Wan, Ming Shen, Qiyuan Miao, Jingdong Yin, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intramuscular fat (IMF) content influences various meat quality traits, including tenderness, flavor, juiciness and nutritional value. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inositol supplementation on meat quality, metabolic profiles, and gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs. A total of 144 finishing pigs (initial body weight 70.41 ± 0.78 kg) were randomly divided into control, 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.3% inositol groups. The data showed that inositol increased backfat thickness at the 6th to 7th rib and 10th rib, IMF content, and improved tenderness (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05, <i>n</i> = 8). Paralleling an increase in fat deposition, 0.3% inositol also increased the protein level of PPARγ in the subcutaneous fat (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle (<i>P</i> = 0.062). Inositol elevated the content of amino acids in LT muscle and enhanced amino acid metabolism of finishing pigs, including lysine degradation, tyrosine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing showed that 0.3% inositol supplementation altered the profiles of microbes in the colon, particularly decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and increasing the abundance of Bacteroidota (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that differential microbes had strong correlation with differential metabolites in serum, including amino acids. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary inositol supplementation could effectively improve IMF content and tenderness of pork, enhance amino acid metabolism, and regulate gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"180-191"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen-mammary gland axis and bacterial extracellular vesicles: Exploring a new perspective on heat stress in dairy cows.","authors":"Qi Huang, Yang Xiao, Peng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress poses a significant threat to the global livestock industry, particularly impacting dairy cows due to their higher metabolic heat production and increased susceptibility. The rumen microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating heat stress in dairy cows. Moreover, the rumen-mammary gland axis has been recently unveiled, indicating that rumen bacteria and their metabolites can influence mammary gland health and function. Extracellular vesicles, cell-derived vesicles, are known to carry various biomolecules and mediate intercellular communication and immune modulation. This review proposes the hypothesis that heat stress poses a threat to dairy cows via the rumen-mammary gland axis by regulating rumen microbiota and their secreted extracellular vesicles. It summarizes existing knowledge on bacterial extracellular vesicles and the rumen-mammary gland axis, suggesting that targeting the rumen microbiota and their extracellular vesicles, while enhancing mammary gland health through this axis, could be a promising strategy for preventing and alleviating heat stress in dairy cows. The aim of this review is to offer new insights and guide future research and development efforts concerning heat stress in dairy cows, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and potential interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between rumen epithelium-associated microbiota and host immunological and metabolic adaptations in response to different milk replacer feeding intensities in dairy calves.","authors":"Carolin B M Müller, Lisa-Maria Tümmler, Henry Reyer, Torsten Viergutz, Björn Kuhla","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The milk replacer feeding regime in dairy calves has a great impact on metabolic and immunological functioning and affects animal welfare and lifetime performance. The feeding regime influences the rumen microbial composition, and epithelium-associated microbes may interact with the immune system of the host. We examined the correlations between blood leukocyte counts and the rumen epithelium-associated microbiome in dairy calves fed 2 different milk replacer feeding intensities and if these factors related to metabolic traits. Fourteen newborn female dairy calves were allocated to a group receiving either 10% (<i>n</i> = 7) or 20% (<i>n</i> = 7) milk replacer of their body weight (on average 41 kg) and provided ad libitum access to grass hay and concentrate pellets. At 3 weeks of life, all calves were fitted with a rumen cannula. Calves were weaned at 12 weeks of life and received a total mixed ration for ad libitum intake. Pre- (8-10 weeks of life) and post-weaning (21-23 weeks of life), methane production was measured in respiration chambers, and rumen epithelium and blood were sampled for 16S rRNA sequencing and leukocyte analyses, respectively. Pre-weaning, the reduced milk replacer feeding intensity was accompanied with higher concentrate intake but lower growth performance (<i>P</i> < 0.001), a higher abundance of amylolytic and lower abundance of cellulolytic epimural microbes. The group fed a low milk replacer intensity had also greater portions of monocytes (<i>P</i> = 0.031), CD8⁺ (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and CD14⁺ (<i>P</i> = 0.044) leukocytes, suggesting elevated inflammatory conditions. Correlations between CD8⁺ T cells and rumen methanogens, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were recorded, but these were not consistent throughout maturation. Post-weaning, differences in feed intake and rumen microbial composition converged among milk replacer groups, while differences in growth performance (<i>P</i> = 0.040) and CD8⁺ cells (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were still present. In conclusion, a reduced milk replacer feeding intensity in dairy calves compromised growth performance and immunity and this effect persisted in the long-term. Significant correlations between the proportion of leukocytes and distinct epimural microbe taxa indicated an interplay between rumen epimural colonization and immune functioning of the host. However, further research is required addressing this interplay between rumen epimural microbes and immune functioning in dairy calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"287-300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal supplementation with konjac glucomannan and κ-carrageenan promotes sow performance and benefits the gut barrier in offspring.","authors":"Feng Gao, Yongqing Du, Haiyang Liu, Hongwei Ding, Wentao Zhang, Zhongyu Li, Baoming Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aims to investigate the effects of dietary konjac glucomannan and κ-carrageenan (SF) on sow performance and suckling piglet gut barrier. Thirty-four sows in late gestation (parity 2-5) were selected at random and grouped into two treatments. The control group (Con group; <i>n</i> = 17) was fed the basal diet; the SF group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.25% konjac glucomannan + 0.25% κ-carrageenan (SF group; <i>n</i> = 17). The results showed that sows fed the SF diet had a higher feed intake during lactation than the Con group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and the levels of neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) (<i>P</i> = 0.006) and acetylcholine enzyme (AChE) (<i>P</i> < 0.05) significantly increased. The fecal microbial analysis indicated that the SF diet had a higher abundance of <i>Subdoligranulum, Holdemanella</i>, and <i>Succinivibrio</i> at the genus level, and the acetate level was significantly increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, SF lowered the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in milk (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Regarding suckling piglets, maternal supplementation with SF reduced jejunal IL-6 protein levels in suckling piglets (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In the colon of the piglet, the SF group up-regulated protein levels of occludin (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (0.05 ≤ <i>P</i> < 0.1), and claudin 4 (CLDN4) (0.05 ≤ <i>P</i> < 0.1) protein levels tended to be up-regulated. Consequently, supplementation of SF in sow diets positively affects lactation feed intake and maternal microflora. Furthermore, the maternal effect improves the jejunum and colon barriers of suckling piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"272-286"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aflatoxin B1 on subacute exposure of hybrid groupers (<i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i>♀ × <i>Epinephelus lanceolatus</i>♂): Growth, liver histology, and integrated liver transcriptome and metabolome analysis.","authors":"Hao Liu, Shuqing Liang, Weibin Huang, Yuanzhi Yang, Menglong Zhou, Baiquan Lu, Biao Li, Wenshan Cai, Hengyang Song, Beiping Tan, Xiaohui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increasing incorporation of plant-based ingredients into the grouper diet, the issue of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in the diet has become a significant concern. In this study, the negative effects of AFB1 on the growth and liver health of hybrid groupers (<i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i>♀ × <i>Epinephelus lanceolatus</i>♂) were investigated in the context of growth, liver histology, serum biochemical indices, and integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data. A total of 540 healthy hybrid groupers, initially weighing 11.59 ± 0.03 g, were randomly divided into six groups (three replicates of 30 fish each): the control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups were supplemented with 7 (AF7), 30 (AF30), 111 (AF111), 445 (AF445) and 2230 μg/kg AFB1 (AF2230) in the basal diet respectively, for 56 days. Groups control, AF445, and AF2230 were selected for subsequent histological, muscle fatty acid, and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses based on the results of hybrid grouper growth and serum biochemical indices. Compared to the control group, both whole-body crude lipid and muscle crude lipid contents showed significant decreases in the AF2230 group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), while only muscle crude lipid content showed a significant decrease in the AF445 group (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Liver damage was seen in the histology of the liver of AF445 and AF2230 groups. Muscle fatty acid results showed that the addition of 445 and 2230 μg/kg AFB1 to the diets increased saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids in muscle (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Transcriptome analyses revealed multiple metabolic pathways associated with AFB1 metabolism, and metabolomics analyses further confirmed changes in the activity of these pathways. The results of the combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that AFB1 causes liver injury mainly by affecting liver retinol metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochromes P450, drug metabolism-cytochromes P450 and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, dietary AFB1 levels above 445 μg/kg resulted in growth inhibition, liver injury, liver AFB1 accumulation, and reduced muscle polyunsaturated fatty acid content in groupers, thereby affecting muscle quality. This study provides novel insights into the detrimental effects of AFB1 on aquatic species and contributes to the scientific basis for the health and sustainability of aquaculture practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"192-214"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cottonseed oil as a substitute for fish oil in the commercial diet for juvenile swimming crabs (<i>Portunus trituberculatus</i>).","authors":"Tiantian Xu, Zheng Yang, Shichao Xie, Tingting Zhu, Wenli Zhao, Min Jin, Qicun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A six-week feeding trial was carried out to determine the feasibility of cottonseed oil (CSO) as a viable substitute for fish oil (FO) in the commercial diet of swimming crabs. Ninety healthy swimming crabs (initial body weight 34.28 ± 0.59 g) were randomly assigned to 90 plastic baskets. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (450 g/kg protein and 120 g/kg lipid) were formulated replacing FO with CSO at 0%, 50% and 100% (CSO-0, CSO-50, and CSO-100), respectively. Each diet was randomly allocated to three replicates, each consisting of 10 crabs. Results indicated that crabs fed with CSO-100 diet had the lowest the percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival among all treatments (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TAG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) contents and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity in hemolymph were significantly affected by dietary substitution of FO with CSO (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The contents of total saturated fatty acids (SFA), total mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and total long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in the hepatopancreas and muscle were negatively correlated with the substitution level, whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) contents increased significantly with increasing levels of dietary substitution of FO with CSO (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Dietary substitution of FO with CSO resulted in changes in the composition of volatile substances in muscle, with 16 volatile substances in muscle significantly affected (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The relative expression of genes related to lipid synthesis such as fatty acid synthase (<i>fas</i>), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (<i>acc</i>) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (<i>gpat1</i>) in the hepatopancreas were significantly up-regulated in the CSO-50 group compared to other treatment groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The relative expression of fatty acid anabolism-related genes fatty acyl desaturase 2 (<i>fads2</i>) and elongase 4 (<i>elovl4</i>) were significantly down-regulated with the increase of dietary substitution of FO with CSO (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, 50% substitution with CSO had no negative effects on growth performance, promoted lipid synthesis and metabolism, facilitated lipid accumulation. However, complete substitution of FO with CSO inhibited fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, resulting in a lower tissue LC-PUFA content and an altered composition of muscle volatiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"466-479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}