Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A new insight on alleviating the inhibitory effect of aflatoxin B1 on muscle development in grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>): The effect of 4-Methylesculetin in vivo and in vitro.","authors":"Xiangning He, Jiajia Zhang, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Hequn Shi, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Lin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an important fungal toxin, exists mainly in plant feed ingredients and animals consuming feed contaminated with AFB1 will have reduced growth and impaired health condition mainly due to oxidative stress and reduced immunity. Our previous study found that AFB1 caused oxidative damage and inhibited muscle development of zebrafish. 4-Methylesculetin (4-ME), a coumarin derivative, is now used in biochemistry and medicine widely because of its antioxidant function. Whether 4-ME could alleviate the inhibition of muscle development in grass carp induced by AFB1 has not been reported. In this experiment, 720 healthy grass carp (11.40 ± 0.01 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 60 fish each, including control group, AFB1 group (60 μg/kg diet AFB1), 4-ME group (10 mg/kg diet 4-ME), and AFB1+4-ME group (60 μg/kg diet AFB1 + 10 mg/kg 4-ME diet), for a 60-d growth experiment. In vitro, we also set up 4 treatment groups for grass carp primary myoblast, including control group, AFB1 group (15 μmol/L AFB1), 4-ME group (0.5 μmol/L 4-ME) and AFB1+4-ME group (15 μmol/L AFB1+0.5 μmol/L 4-ME). The results showed that dietary AFB1 decreased growth performance of grass carp, damaged the ultrastructure and induced oxidative damage in grass carp muscle, and significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of myogenin (MyoG), myogenic differentiation (MyoD), myosin heavy chain (MYHC), as well as the protein expression levels of laminin β1, fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ (<i>P</i> < 0.05), significantly activated the protein expression levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and phosphorylate-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) both in grass carp muscle and grass carp primary myoblast (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Supplementation of AFB1 with 4-ME significantly improved the growth performance inhibition and alleviated the muscle fiber development inhibition and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in grass carp induced by AFB1 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The present results revealed that supplementation of AFB1 contaminated feed with 4-ME reduced the inhibition of growth and muscle development by alleviating AFB1-induced ECM degradation in grass carp, which might be related to the p38 MAPK/uPA/MMP/ECM pathway. The results implied that 4-ME could be used as a valuable mycotoxin scavenger in animal feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"339-354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio affects growth, reproductive performance and health of female yellow catfish (<i>Pelteobagrus fulvidragrus</i>): A lipidomics analysis.","authors":"Shuzhan Fei, Zheng Chen, Haokun Liu, Junyan Jin, Yunxia Yang, Dong Han, Xiaoming Zhu, Shuoqi Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the impact of dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO/L) ratio on the growth, reproductive, and offspring performance of broodstock yellow catfish, and to elucidate the metabolic differences between mothers and offspring using lipidomics. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with varying CHO/L ratios (0.65, 1.44, 2.11, 3.13, and 5.36) were fed to five groups of female broodfish with three replicates per group and 35 female broodfish per replocate in a pond-cage culture system. After an eight-week feeding trial, the dietary CHO/L ratio had a significant impact on the growth and reproductive performance of female yellow catfish. The weight gain ratio (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in the CHO/L0.65 and CHO/L2.11 groups were significantly higher than those in the CHO/L5.36 group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The fertilization and hatching rates were the highest when the dietary CHO/L ratio was 0.65 and 2.11, respectively. When the dietary CHO/L ratio was 3.13 and 5.36, the plasma contents of testosterone (T) was significantly lower than those of other groups (<i>P</i> = 0.013), and the plasma vitellogenin (VTG) content was the lowest when the CHO/L ratio was 5.36. The plasma contents of estradiol (E2) significantly decreased with increasing dietary CHO/L ratio (<i>P</i> _L = 0.012). Lipidomic analysis revealed that the ovary primarily consisted of five subclasses in terms of lipid composition, namely triglyceride, fatty acyl, sterol, glycerophospholipid, and sphingolipid; however, sphingolipids were not detected in the larvae. The relative expression levels of the ovarian lipid metabolism-related genes sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (<i>srebp1</i>), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (<i>acc</i>), delta (12)-oleate desaturase (<i>fad2</i>), and elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 (<i>elvol5</i>) significantly increased with increasing dietary CHO/L ratio (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The relative expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes <i>srebp 1</i>, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (<i>pparα</i>), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 isoform (<i>cpt</i>), adipose triglyceride lipase (<i>atgl</i>), <i>fad2</i>, and <i>elvol5</i> in offspring larvae were initially increased and then decreased with increasing dietary CHO/L ratios until reaching a maximum at a ratio of 2.11 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, based on the broken-line regression of the dietary CHO/L ratio and egg diameter, the optimal dietary CHO/L ratio was 1.91 for broodfish yellow catfish. A high CHO/L ratio diet results in increased lipogenesis and hepatic lipid accumulation in maternal organisms, leading to impaired reproductive performance and reduced offspring quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"429-441"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise evaluation of the nutritional value of yeast culture and its effect on pigs fed low-protein diets.","authors":"Baocheng Hu, Tairan Liu, Bing Xia, Yanjun Dong, Ming Liu, Junyan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study was to assess the nutritional value of yeast culture (YC) and to explore the effect of YC on growth performance and health of piglets fed low-protein diets. In Exp. 1, 12 growing barrows were allocated into control diet and YC diet treatments to determine the available energy of YC. Results showed that the digestible energy and metabolizable energy of YC are 12.12 and 11.66 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. In Exp. 2, 12 growing barrows were surgically equipped with a T-cannula near the distal ileum and were assigned to 2 dietary treatments (nitrogen-free diet and YC diet), and the amino acid digestibility of YC was determined. In Exp. 3, a total of 96 weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments, including low-protein basal diet (Basal), Basal + 0.5% YC (0.5%YC), Basal + 1.0% YC (1.0%YC), and Basal + 1.5% YC (1.5%YC). The results were as follows: YC supplementation linearly improved the weight gain and feed intake ratio (<i>P</i> < 0.001), linearly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase on d 14 (<i>P</i> = 0.032) and linearly decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde on d 14 (<i>P</i> = 0.008) and d 32 (<i>P</i> = 0.004) in serum, and linearly decreased the concentration of total short-chain fatty acid on d 14 in feces (<i>P</i> = 0.045). Compared with other treatments, 1.5%YC group showed a greater abundance of various probiotics, such as <i>Prevotellaceae</i>, <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Turicibacter</i>. In Exp. 4, twelve growing barrows with an ileal T-cannula were randomly assigned to Control and 1.5%YC treatments to clarify the impact of YC supplementation on nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibility. Results showed that YC had no significant effect on nitrogen efficiency and nutrient digestibility, except for trend of reducing the total tract digestibility of organic matter (<i>P</i> = 0.067). In conclusion, the present study assessed the digestible and metabolizable energy values (12.12 and 11.66 MJ/kg DM, respectively) and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acid (from 43.93% to 82.65%) of YC in pig feed and demonstrated that moderate supplementation of YC (1.5% of diet) can effectively improve feed conversion efficiency, enhance antioxidant capacity, and promote a balanced gut microbiota in piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"325-338"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ regulates productive performance, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in aged laying ducks.","authors":"Yongyan Jin, Huanting Xia, Wei Chen, Xuebing Huang, Kaichao Li, Shuang Wang, Weiguan Xia, Shenglin Wang, Chang Zhang, Yanan Zhang, Chuntian Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D₃) on productive performance, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in aged laying ducks. A total of 432 healthy Longyan ducks at 60-week of age were randomly allotted to 6 groups, each with 6 replicates of 12 ducks. Ducks were given a basal diet (without added 25(OH)D₃) or that diet supplemented with 800, 1600, 2400, 3200, or 4000 IU/kg 25(OH)D₃ for a total of 16 wk. Dietary supplementation with 25(OH)D₃ improved egg production, egg mass and average daily feed intake, and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of ducks during the whole trial period (linear, quadratic; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Supplementation with 25(OH)D₃ decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) content in yolk (<i>P</i> = 0.008), decreased high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content in plasma (<i>P</i> = 0.002). Hepatic index, VLDL, LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol content in liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver activity score of liver and alanine aminotransferase activity in plasma were decreased with supplementation of 25(OH)D₃ (linear or quadratic; <i>P</i> < 0.05). The decreased hepatic apolipoprotein B 100 and lipoprotein lipase expression, and increased hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 expression resulted from 25(OH)D₃ supplementation (linear, quadratic; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, 25(OH)D₃ supplementation increased the villus/crypt ratio (linear, quadratic; <i>P</i> < 0.05) and expression of zonula occludens protein 1 and nuclear factor-κ-gene binding in duodenum (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The supplementation of 25(OH)D₃ reduced the abundance of Wittenberg polluted soil-2 bacteria, Synergistota, <i>Bacteroidales</i>, <i>Colidextribacter</i>, Eggerthellaceae, <i>Oscillospira</i>, <i>Oscillibacter</i>, <i>UCG-009</i>, Barnesiellaceae and <i>Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010</i> in cecal contents (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Dietary requirements for 25(OH)D₃ for ducks (60 to 76 wk), were estimated to be 3377 IU/kg for egg production, 3434 IU/kg for egg mass, and 3256 IU/kg for FCR. In summary, dietary 25(OH)D₃ supplementation improved productive performance and influenced liver and plasma lipid homeostasis in aged laying ducks, which may be associated with the reduction of bacteria involved in carbohydrate metabolism in the cecum. Supplementing the basal diet with 3250 to 3450 IU/kg 25(OH)D₃ is recommended for aged laying ducks (60 to 76 wk).</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"90-103"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compound <i>Bacillus</i> improves eggshell quality and egg metabolites of hens by promoting the metabolism balance of calcium and phosphorus and uterine cell proliferation.","authors":"Qian Jin, Fei Wang, Weisheng Ye, Qi Wang, Shujie Xu, Shaoxiong Jiang, Xiang Li, Min Yue, Dongyou Yu, Mingliang Jin, Aikun Fu, Weifen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics have beneficial effects on improving egg quality, but there is little research about the effect of probiotics on metabolite composition, and the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms by which compound <i>Bacillus</i> improves egg quality and metabolite composition. A total of 20,000 Jingfen No. 6 laying hens at 381 d old were randomly divided into two treatments: control group with a basal diet, and the basal diet with 5 × 10⁸ CFU/kg compound <i>Bacillus</i> supplementation (Ba) group. The trial lasted eight weeks. The results showed that compound <i>Bacillus</i> improved the gloss and strength of eggshells and reduced the ratio of sand-shell eggs by 23.8%. Specifically, the effective layer of eggshell was thicker and its calcite column was closely connected. Compound <i>Bacillus</i> increased the contents of beneficial fatty acids in the egg yolk, and lipids and lipid-like molecules in the albumen (<i>P</i> < 0.01), while decreased the contents of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and benzene ring compounds in the egg yolk and organic oxygen compounds in the albumen (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In addition, the compound <i>Bacillus</i> increased the calcium absorption in the duodenum by up-regulating the expression of transporters and serum hormone synergism (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and promoted metabolic balance of calcium and phosphorus. Simultaneously, uterine transcriptome showed that the expression of ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (<i>CHAC1</i>), glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (<i>C1GALT1</i>), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 1 beta (<i>PIP5K1B</i>), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (<i>MTHFD2</i>), brain enriched myelin associated protein 1 (<i>BCAS1</i>), and squalene epoxidase (<i>SQLE)</i> genes were increased (<i>P</i> < 0.01), indicating that nutrient metabolism activity was enhanced. The expression of the <i>BCAS1, C1GALT1,</i> KLF transcription factor 13 (<i>KLF13</i>), and leucine rich repeat neuronal 1 (<i>LRRN1</i>) was increased (<i>P</i> < 0.01), indicating that the cell proliferation was enhanced, which slowed uterus aging. In conclusion, compound <i>Bacillus</i> improved the eggshell strength and metabolite composition in the egg by promoting metabolic balance of calcium and phosphorus, cell proliferation, and nutrient metabolism in the uterus.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"355-369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary sanguinarine supplementation improves the growth performance and intestinal immunity of broilers.","authors":"Yue Su, Guanyu Chang, Jingyu Liu, Peng Huang, Jianguo Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary sanguinarine (SAN) can enhance the growth performance of poultry and livestock, but the regulatory mechanism of the SAN monomer on intestinal homeostasis and how it promotes growth performance has not yet been clarified. In this study, 200 chickens were divided into four groups and fed different doses of SAN (0, 0.225, 0.75, 2.25 mg/kg) for transcriptome and microbiota analysis. The data showed that different doses of SAN supplementation increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of 22 to 42 d old and 1 to 42 d old broilers (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and 0.225 mg/kg SAN reduced the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Dietary SAN increased the villus height and the villus height/crypt depth (V/C) ratio in the ileum (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The levels of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin<i>-</i>1) were up-regulated in the ileum and cecum (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, IgG, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ were up-regulated in the serum and ileum (<i>P</i> < 0.01). RNA-seq analysis revealed 385 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log₂ fold change| ≥ 1, FDR < 0.05) between the SAN group and CON group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed 15 pathways mostly associated with the immune system. Additionally, the reverse transcription-PCR results showed that the relative mRNA expression of β-defensin and mucin 2 were up-regulated (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and Toll-like receptor (<i>TLR</i> <i>2</i> and <i>TLR</i> <i>4</i>) mRNA expression were down-regulated by SAN (<i>P</i> < 0.01), which was consistent with the transcriptomic analysis. Western blot analysis also showed that SAN reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins such as TLR4, nuclear factor-kappa B and IL-1β in the ileum (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In addition, at the genus level, SAN significantly increased the relative abundance of bacteria (<i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Romboutsia</i>) involved in acetate and butyrate production in the cecum, which are associated with enhanced intestinal immune function and maintaining intestinal health. In conclusion, SAN ameliorates the growth performance of broilers, enhances intestinal immune function, regulates the structure of microbiota and maintains intestinal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"76-89"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the brown macroalga <i>Saccharina latissima</i> (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) as a feed ingredient for livestock: A review.","authors":"Sachin Dhakal, Alexander Oliver Jüterbock, Xingen Lei, Prabhat Khanal","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, marine macroalgae have been recognized as potential alternative and sustainable feeding resources for livestock. Differences in nutritional values and biomass yield across macroalgal species are critical factors while aiming to utilize them as animal feed components. A brown macroalga, <i>Saccharina latissima</i>, also known as sugar kelp, has a promising biomass yield and high nutritional and bioactive compounds that can benefit both ruminant and monogastric animals. For example, the dietary inclusion of <i>S. latissima</i> in dairy and beef cattle can enhance milk yield, meat quality, and iodine content in milk and meat while reducing enteric methane emissions in vitro. However, high iodine content and the presence of some potentially toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, etc.) lead to critical challenges, demanding careful consideration while determining the inclusion level of <i>S. latissima</i> in the livestock feed. To address these challenges, effective post-harvest biomass processing techniques, particularly hydrothermal treatments, have shown promise in reducing heavy metals and minerals of concern (e.g., iodine) and enhancing their safety as animal feed. It is thus essential to evaluate the sustainability of post-harvest processing techniques as they are usually energy-demanding and can negatively influence nutrient utilization in animals as certain digestible fractions can disappear during processing. Furthermore, variations in the nutritional and bioactive composition of <i>S. latissima</i> due to seasonal and spatial factors can create challenges for commercial exploitation. In this context, multiple harvesting of biomass and choosing the appropriate harvesting seasons can maximize the nutritional potential of <i>S. latissima</i>. In conclusion, <i>S. latissima</i> can be a novel feed ingredient for livestock, but year-round biomass availability and identifying cost-effective and energy-efficient post-harvest biomass processing methods that optimize both nutritional values and digestibility of <i>S. latissima</i> are critical for improving animal production, performance, and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"153-165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of selenium-L-methionine on growth, antioxidant capacity and resistance to nitrite stress of spotted seabass (<i>Lateolabrax maculatus</i>) under two rearing water temperatures.","authors":"Xiao Li, Jing Li, Kangle Lu, Xueshan Li, Kai Song, Ling Wang, Chunxiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 10-week feeding trial, followed by 24-h nitrite stress, was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary selenium-L-methionine (Se-Met) on growth, Se accumulation, antioxidant capacity, transcripts of selenoproteins and histological changes of muscle as well as resistance to nitrite stress in spotted seabass (<i>Lateolabrax maculatus</i>) reared at optimal (27 °C) and high (33 °C) temperatures. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.9, 1.8, 3.5, and 7.0 mg Se-Met/kg. Each diet was fed to fish (2.60 ± 0.2 g) in two parallel treatments at 27 or 33 °C. The results showed that elevated temperature (33 °C) induced thermal stress in fish, and fish under thermal stress exhibited lower weight gain and hepatosomatic index but a higher condition factor compared to those reared at 27 °C. However, the growth and feed utilisation were promoted in <i>L. maculatus</i> with 0.9 to 3.5 mg/kg Se-Met treatments. The protein and lipid content in the muscle increased with the dietary Se-Met level, and the total Se level in the whole body and muscle showed a linear increase with dietary Se-Met supplementation. Thermal stress changed the histology of the muscle, leading to raised levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced antioxidant parameters in the serum and liver, and a decrease in the transcripts of selenoprotein genes in the muscle. Meanwhile, increased antioxidant capacity of serum and liver and up-regulated transcripts of selenoprotein of muscle were observed in <i>L. maculatus</i> reaching a maximum with 3.5 mg Se-Met/kg treatment. After 24 h of nitrite stress, thermal stress exacerbated oxidative damage caused by nitrite stress in <i>L. maculatus</i>. In contrast, dietary Se-Met enhanced the resistance to nitrite stress of <i>L</i>. <i>maculatus</i> fed with Se-Met enriched diets containing 0.9 to 1.8 mg Se-Met/kg. Based on the effects of dietary Se-Met on the growth, antioxidant capacity and resistance to nitrite stress of <i>L. maculatus</i>, this study suggests that the optimal range of Se-Met supplementation in <i>L. maculatus</i> diets is 1.80 to 2.39 mg Se-Met/kg of diet at 27 °C and 1.80 to 4.46 mg Se-Met/kg of diet at 33 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"166-179"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance and immune response of broilers during active <i>Eimeria</i> infection are modified by dietary inclusion of canola meal or corn-DDGS in reduced-protein corn-soybean meal diets.","authors":"Revathi Shanmugasundaram, Adeleye M Ajao, Shahna Fathima, Adelumola Oladeinde, Ramesh K Selvaraj, Todd J Applegate, Oluyinka A Olukosi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with canola meal (CM) or corn-distillers' dried grains with solubles (cDDGS) in reduced-protein (RP) diets for <i>Eimeria</i>-infected broilers. A total of 1120 broiler chicks were distributed in a 4 × 2 (4 diets × with or without infection) factorial arrangement with 7 replicates per treatment and 20 birds per replicate. The 4 diets, fed between d 7 and 42, were (i) a standard diet with crude protein at 200 g/kg (SP); (ii) a RP (crude protein at 160 g/kg) corn-SBM diet (RP-SBM); (iii) a RP diet in which 80 g/kg CM replaced 60 g/kg SBM (RP-CM); and (iv) a RP diet in which 100 g/kg cDDGS replaced 50 g/kg SBM (RP-cDDGS). On d 15, birds were infected with mixed <i>Eimeria</i> (+E) oocysts. Birds and feed were weighed at intervals for growth performance, and samples for immunology responses were collected on d 21. The results showed as follows: 1) during the acute infection phase, diet × <i>Eimeria</i> infection was shown by the diets having no effect in the uninfected group. In contrast, the RP-SBM diet tended to produce higher (<i>P</i> < 0.10) weight gain among the infected birds. The d 42 body weight was greater (<i>P</i> = 0.001) for the uninfected birds. 2) There was a significant diet × <i>Eimeria</i> infection on bile anti-<i>Eimeria</i> immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations (<i>P</i> = 0.015), splenocyte proliferation, macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and cecal tonsil interleukin (<i>IL</i>)-17 mRNA amounts (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Most of these responses were not influenced by the diets in the uninfected birds. However, among the infected birds, birds fed RP-SBM had higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) bile IgA than those fed SP or RP-cDDGS. For the spleen, the interaction was that birds fed RP-SBM or RP-cDDGS diets had the highest or lowest NO production, respectively, and birds that received RP-SBM had greater (<i>P</i> < 0.05) splenic CD⁸⁺:CD⁴⁺ cell ratio than other diets. In conclusion, partial replacement of SBM with CM or cDDGS had only a marginal effect on d 42 body weight and FCR of the broiler chickens receiving the RP diets. In contrast, these had a negative impact on the immune responses of the broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"442-452"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient utilisation and growth performance of broiler chickens fed standard or moderately reduced dietary protein diets with and without β-mannanase supplementation.","authors":"Reza Barekatain, Leon Hall, Peter V Chrystal, Anna Fickler","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of reduced protein diets in broiler chicken production provides potential benefits for performance and environmental footprint of production. The effectiveness of β-Mannanase supplementation in wheat and soy based standard protein (SP) and reduced protein (RP) diets was tested for growth performance, nutrient utilisation and selected intestinal gene expression of broiler chickens. In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, two main factors included dietary protein (standard and reduced protein) and β-Mannanase supplementation (with or without). All diets contained phytase and carbohydrases (xylanase and glucanase). A total of 480 Ross 308 male off-sex day-old chickens were assigned to the four experimental diets in a 35-d study. Each diet was replicated 12 times with 10 birds per replicate. Using an additional 160 birds, separate apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nutrient digestibility assays were undertaken for the 4 experimental diets from d 21 to 24 of age. Selected genes involved in gut integrity, inflammation and immune response were quantified using quantitative PCR assays. There was no interaction between β-Mannanase and dietary protein for any of the studied parameters except ileal viscosity. Enzyme had no effect on feed intake but tended to increase body weight gain (BWG) from d 0 to 35 of age (<i>P</i> = 0.079). Birds fed RP diet consumed more feed when assessed from d 0 to 35 of age (<i>P</i> = 0.029). At the same time, β-Mannanase tended to reduce feed conversion ratio independent of dietary protein (<i>P</i> = 0.069). β-Mannanase reduced ileal viscosity of the birds fed RP diet (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Reducing dietary protein increased nitrogen retention, nitrogen digestibility coefficient and digestibility coefficients of 11 amino acids (<i>P</i> < 0.001). β-Mannanase significantly improved digestibility coefficients of nitrogen and Arg, Gly, Thr, Lys, and Ile (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on AME or gene expression of selected tight junction proteins, interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, mucin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B. In conclusion, supplementation of β-Mannanase tended to improve feed efficiency and increased nutrient digestibility of broilers fed wheat-based diets independent of a moderate reduction in dietary protein. Complementary mode of actions of β-Mannanase for intestinal health requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}