Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The dynamic distribution of the rectal microbiota in Holstein dairy calves provides a framework for understanding early-life gut health.","authors":"Qi Huang, Fengtao Ma, Yuhang Jin, Duo Gao, Meinan Chang, Peng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The posterior intestinal microbiota plays a vital role in the growth and health of Holstein dairy calves. However, its establishment and dynamic changes during early development remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial colonization and development in the rectum of calves within the first 70 d after birth. Here, 96 rectal content samples were collected from 8 Holstein dairy calves at 12 time points and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbial alpha diversity increased with age. The bacterial community displayed a distinct dynamic distribution. The phylum Proteobacteria was replaced by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes after d 3. The colonization process of bacterial genera in the rectum of neonatal calves can be divided into 2 periods: the colonization period (stage 1: d 1 and stage 2: d 3) and the stable period (stage 3: d 7-14, stage 4: d 21-42, and stage 5: d 49-70). The fermentation pattern and metabolic function changed from propionate fermentation dominated by <i>Shigella</i> to lactic acid fermentation dominated by <i>Lactobacillus, Blautia,</i> and <i>Oscillospira</i>. The stable period was more comprehensive and complete than the colonization period. This study revealed the dynamic changes in the posterior intestinal microbiota of Holstein dairy calves during early development. The transition period (d 7-14) was identified as a key stage for early nutritional intervention, as the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> increased and the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Proteobacteria and <i>Shigella</i>) decreased. This study provides a framework for understanding early-life gut health and offers theoretical guidance for future research on host-microbe interactions and early nutritional interventions. It is suggested that nutritional interventions based on microbial characteristics at different stages be implemented to improve calf growth performance and immune function, which may contribute to the reduction of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders during dairy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the link between D-mannose and juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Improved growth and intestinal structure associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitophagy, and apical junctional complexes","authors":"Chong Zhang, Lin Feng, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Xiaowan Jin, Hongmei Ren, Hua Li, Fali Wu, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Weidan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"D-mannose, essential for protein glycosylation, has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects and to maintain intestinal flora homeostasis. In addition to evaluating growth performance, we examined the impact of D-mannose on the structure of epithelial cells and apical junction complexes in the animal intestine. All 1800 grass carp (16.20 ± 0.01 g) were randomly divided into six treatments with six replicates of 50 fish each and fed with six different levels of D-mannose (0.52, 1.75, 3.02, 4.28, 5.50 and 6.78 g/kg diet) for 70 d. The study revealed that D-mannose increased feed intake ( < 0.001) but did not affect the percent weight gain (PWG), special growth rate, and feed conversion ratio ( > 0.05). D-mannose supplementation at 1.75 g/kg increased crude protein content in fish and lipid production value ( < 0.05). D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 g/kg increased intestinal length, intestinal weight and fold height of grass carp compared to the control group ( < 0.05). This improvement may be attributed to the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI)-mediated enhancement of glycolysis. This study found that D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 or 3.02 g/kg reduced serum diamine oxidase activity or D-lactate content ( < 0.05) and improved cellular and intercellular structures for the first time. The improvement of cellular redox homeostasis involves alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) signaling pathways. The alleviation of ER stress may be linked to the phosphomannomutase (PMM)-mediated enhancement of protein glycosylation. In addition, ubiquitin-dependent [PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin] and ubiquitin-independent [BCL2-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L), BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1)] mitophagy may play a role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. The enhancement of intercellular structures includes enhancing tight junction and adherent junction structures, which may be closely associated with the small Rho GTPase protein (RhoA)/the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, D-mannose improved intestinal cellular redox homeostasis associated with ER stress and mitophagy pathways, and enhanced intercellular structures related to tight junctions and adherent junctions. Furthermore, quadratic regression analysis of the PWG and intestinal reactive oxygen species content indicated that the optimal addition level of D-mannose for juvenile grass carp was 4.61 and 4.59 g/kg, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pogostemon cablin essential oil as feed additive promotes the repair of the rumen epithelial barrier in heat-stressed beef cattle","authors":"Huan Chen, Mingrui Yang, Xianglong Shang, Hao Chen, Yi Li, Yanjiao Li, Lin Li, Mingren Qu, Xiaozhen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"essential oil (PEO), extracted from , has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress properties, as well as the ability to improve gastrointestinal digestion. This study aims to evaluate the effects of PEO on the performance, rumen epithelial morphology, and barrier function in heat-stressed beef cattle. Thirty-six male Jingjiang cattle at 18 months old were randomly assigned into four groups and fed a diet containing PEO at 0 (control), 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg in the feed concentrate ( = 9). All experimental cattle were fed under high temperature and humidity in summer for 60 days. The results indicated that 50 mg/kg of PEO treatment enhanced the average daily gain of beef cattle compared with the control group ( = 0.032). All PEO treatments reduced the diamine oxidase activity ( = 0.004) and malondialdehyde content ( = 0.008) in serum. In addition, the content of 70 kDa heat shock protein in the 100 mg/kg group was increased, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in both 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg groups were enhanced compared to the control group ( < 0.05). More importantly, PEO treatment with 50 mg/kg enhanced the mRNA relative expressions of occludin in ruminal epithelia but decreased the mRNA relative expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, Beclin1 ( < 0.05), and extremely significant declined the mRNA relative expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinases and ubiquitin-binding protein in contrast to the control group ( < 0.01). These findings indicated that dietary PEO supplementation might be favorable to improve growth performance and repairing damaged rumen epithelium of heat-stressed cattle by down-regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant essential oils combined with organic acids restored lipopolysaccharide-induced leaky intestine via gut microbial modulation in weaned piglets","authors":"Xiaoyu Zheng, Yibo Wang, Xuemei Zhou, Tanyi Deng, Yueqi Zhao, Zhichao Fu, Yulong Wei, Wen Ma, Shihai Zhang, Wutai Guan, Fang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"Intestine derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is closely related to systemic inflammation and disorders, yet little is known about its roles in the weanling stress of piglets and its potential as a nutritional intervention target. This study aimed to investigate the potential of essential oils (EO) and organic acids (OA) in mitigating weaning stress in piglets by modulating the circulation of intestine derived LPS. Seventy-two weaned piglets at 21 d old with body weight of 8.12 ± 0.168 kg were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and an experimental group, each consisting of six pens with six piglets per pen, and were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3 kg/t OA + 500 g/t EO (EO + OA). On the 14th day of the feeding trial, 12 weaned piglets were randomly selected from the CON group, and 6 piglets were selected from the experimental group. Based on diet composition and stress treatment, these 18 piglets were divided into the following three groups: 1) CON group. Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of saline as a control. 2) LPS group. Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) to induce stress. 3) EO + OA + LPS group. Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with EO and OA and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) to induce stress. The results showed that EO + OA significantly ameliorated the oxidative imbalance and inflammation disorder induced by LPS in piglets' serum and intestine by inhibiting the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, compared to the LPS group, supplementation with EO + OA restored LPS-induced reductions in Bcl-2 protein expression in the piglets' intestines ( &lt; 0.05) and mitigated morphological damage; it also enhanced both the protein expression and relative gene expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 ( &lt; 0.05), and reduced the plasma diamine oxidase activity (DAO) and LPS content ( &lt; 0.05). Compared to the CON group, supplementation with EO + OA altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria relative abundance () ( &lt; 0.05) and decreasing harmful bacteria relative abundance [ ( &lt; 0.01), ( &lt; 0.05)]. Further analysis revealed that plasma LPS content in piglets was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of (r = −0.662, = 0.021), (r = −0.492, = 0.031), and average daily gain (ADG) (r = −0.912, = 0.041). Plasma LPS content was also positively correlated with the plasma inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.591, = 0.021), IL-6 (r = 0.623, = 0.021), IL-12 (r = 561, = 0.031) contents, and the relative abundance of (r = 0.712, = 0.041). In summary, the addition of EO + OA prevents the leakage of intestine derived LPS into the circulation by improving intestinal integrity and microbiota co","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary black soldier fly oil enhances growth performance, flesh quality, and health status of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Hailin Yuan, Junru Hu, Xiangce Li, Qiuxuan Sun, Xiaohong Tan, Cuihong You, Yewei Dong, Yanhua Huang, Meng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to assess the effects of dietary black soldier fly oil (BSFO) on the growth performance, flesh quality, and health status of largemouth bass (). Six iso-nitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated by substituting fish oil and soybean oil (1/2, wt/wt) with BSFO in percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The diets were fed to 960 fish (initial body weight = 16.5 g) in four replicates for 8 weeks. Indicators related to growth performance, body composition, hematology, flesh quality, expression of genes related to inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, and the response of fish to challenge were analyzed. The results showed that the weight gain rate was numerically improved in all BSFO substitution groups, ranging from 9.3% to 44.0% compared to the control group. The highest survival rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index and condition factor were observed in the BFSO20 group. In terms of flesh quality, the water-holding capacity of the dorsal muscle was elevated with higher levels of dietary BSFO. However, significant changes in texture properties (cohesiveness, gluing, and chewiness) were observed in the BSFO20 group ( < 0.05). Six hematological parameters related to glycolipid and liver function were optimized in most of the BFSO substitution groups. Furthermore, the expressions of six inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes , , , , , and ) were significantly affected by dietary BSFO ( < 0.05). Following bacterial challenge, the seven-day cumulative survival rates of fish were considerably increased from 10.0% in the control group to 60.0% and 66.7% in the BSFO80 and BSFO100 groups, respectively. One-variable linear regression analysis revealed that various parameters related to fish growth, flesh quality, and health status were significantly influenced by dietary BSFO substitution levels in a dose-dependent manner ( < 0.05). In conclusion, substituting around 20% of dietary fish oil and soybean oil with BSFO is promising in improving the growth performance and flesh quality of . However, to enhance immunity and disease resistance, it is recommended to further increase the inclusion of BSFO in the diet.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on cottonseed meal as a protein source in pig nutrition: An updated review","authors":"An Tao, Jiahao Wang, Bin Luo, Bowen Liu, Zirui Wang, Xingping Chen, Tiande Zou, Jun Chen, Jinming You","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"At a global level, the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig production. Moreover, given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish meal, it becomes imperative to promptly explore alternative sources of protein feed for the sustainable advancement of the pig industry. Cottonseed meal, a by-product from the extraction of cottonseed oil, exhibits significant potential as a protein source for pig feed owing to its high protein content, high yield, low cost, well-balanced amino acid composition, and sufficient accessibility. However, cottonseed meal possesses several anti-nutritional factors, especially gossypol, which adversely affect growth and reproductive performance, resulting in the limited utilization of cottonseed meal in pig feed. To maximize the benefits of cottonseed meal and promote its application in pig production, it is imperative to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional value and current utilization. In this review, we initially presented a summary of the nutritional values of cottonseed meal, primary anti-nutritional factors, and effective approaches for improving its utilization as a protein source feed. Subsequently, we comprehensively summarized the latest research progress of cottonseed meal application in pig nutrition over the past decade. The outcome of this review serves as a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the research and application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition and promotes the reduction of soybean meal utilization in the pig industry.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented soybean meal improved laying performance and egg quality of laying hens by modulating cecal microbiota, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, antioxidant and immunological functions","authors":"Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Lingling Huang, Haijun Zhang, Jing Wang, Guanghai Qi, Kai Qiu, Shugeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"Antinutritional factors in feedstuffs may limit their utilization in livestock production, but fermentation process can be used to improve feed quality; however, studies on fermented soybeans for laying hens remain limited. We investigated the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) at various inclusion levels as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on egg production, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, gut morphology and microbiota, antioxidant capacity and immune response of young laying hens. A total of 360 Hy-line Brown laying hens aged 18 weeks were selected and divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates each and 12 birds per replicate. The control group received a basal diet while the trial group received the basal diet with FSBM included at 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%, respectively, for 12 weeks. Our findings revealed that the nutritional value of FSBM was higher compared to that of SBM in terms of reduced content of trypsin inhibitors and increased contents of crude protein, amino acids and minerals. FSBM enhanced egg production ( < 0.05), feed-to-egg ratio ( < 0.05), and albumen quality (albumen height and Haugh unit) ( < 0.05). Furthermore, FSBM improved apparent fecal amino acid digestibility ( < 0.05), gut morphology (increased villus height, villus width, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and decreased crypt depth) ( < 0.05), antioxidant capacity (reduced malondialdehyde and increased catalase, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity) ( < 0.05) and immune function (increased concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM; increased levels of transforming growth factor beta and Toll-like receptor 2; and reduced levels of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha) ( < 0.05). Further analysis showed that FSBM altered the composition of the gut microbiota favoring beneficial microbes. These findings suggest that probiotic fermentation improved the nutritional value of SBM. The inclusion of FSBM in the diets of laying hens at 2.5% or 5.0% improved amino acid digestibility, gut health, immune function, egg production and egg quality.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum promotes intestinal development through gut colonization of layer chicks","authors":"Yaoming Cui, Yanxia Liu, Jing Yang, Haitao Duan, Peng Wang, Linna Guo, Yanjiao Guo, Suying Li, Yating Zhao, Jinrong Wang, Guanghai Qi, Junjun Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of in microencapsulation (LPM) on intestinal development in layer chicks were investigated in this study, as well as the colonization of in the gut. A total of 480 healthy Hy-Line Brown layer chicks at 0 d old were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 replicates each treatment), and the diets of these birds were supplemented with nothing (control), (0.02 g/kg feed; 10 CFU/kg feed), LPM (1.0 g/kg feed; 10 CFU/kg feed) and wall material of LPM (WM; 0.98 g/kg feed), respectively. Compared to control, LPM improved growth performance and intestinal development of layer chicks, evidenced by significantly increased body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, villus height, villus height/crypt depth, as well as weight and length of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum ( < 0.05). These results could be attributed to the increased colonization of in the gut, which was verified by significant increases in lactic acid content, viable counts in chyme and mucosa ( < 0.05), as well as a visible rise in number of strains labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of and significantly increased in response to microencapsulated supplementation ( < 0.05), accompanied by the significant up-regulation of colonization related genes ( < 0.05), encoding solute carrier family, monocarboxylate transporter, activin A receptor, succinate receptor and secretogranin II. To sum up, microencapsulated supplementation promoted intestinal development, which could be attributed to the enhancement of colonization in the intestine through the mutual assistance of and interactions with colonization related transmembrane proteins.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics revealed the mechanism of feed efficiency in sheep by the combined action of the host and rumen microbiota","authors":"Guangchen Zhou, Junda Li, Xuhui Liang, Bohua Yang, Ximeng He, Hongyu Tang, Hongran Guo, Gongwei Liu, Wenyuan Cui, Yulin Chen, Yuxin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of feed efficiency (FE) in sheep by linking rumen microbiota with its host by the multi-omics analysis. One hundred and ninety-eight hybrid female sheep (initial body weight = 30.88 ± 4.57 kg; 4-month-old) were selected as candidate sheep. Each test sheep was fed in an individual pen for 60 days, and the residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated. The ten candidate sheep with the highest RFI were divided into the Low-FE group, and the ten with the lowest RFI were divided into the High-FE group, all selected for sample collection. The RFI, average daily gain and average daily feed intake were highly significantly different between the two experimental groups ( < 0.05). Compared with Low-FE group, the insulin-like growth factor-1 and very low-density lipoprotein in serum and the propionate in rumen significantly increased in High-FE group ( < 0.01), but the acetate:propionate ratio in rumen significantly decreased in High-FE group ( = 0.034). Metagenomics revealed sp. and were key bacteria, and increased abundance of the genes encoding the enzymes for cellulose degradation and production of propionate in High-FE group. The results of proteomics and section showed the rumen papilla length ( < 0.001) and expression of carbonic anhydrase and Na/K-ATPase were significantly higher in High-FE group ( < 0.05). On the other hand, the acetyl-CoA content significantly increased in the liver of High-FE group ( = 0.002). The relative expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein A4 genes were significantly up-regulated in the liver of High-FE group ( < 0.01), but relative expression level of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3 gene was significantly down-regulated ( = 0.037). These findings provide the mechanism by which the collaborative interaction between rumen microbiota fermentation and host uptake and metabolism of fermentation products impacts feed efficiency traits in sheep.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined intestinal microbiota and transcriptomic analysis to investigate the effect of different stocking densities on the ability of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to utilize Chlorella sorokiniana","authors":"Hang Yuan, Minghua Xie, Jian Chen, Naijie Hu, Honming Wang, Beiping Tan, Lili Shi, Shuang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming to investigate the impact of different stocking densities on the ability of Pacific white shrimp () to utilize (CHL), a 3 × 2 factorial design stocking experiment was used in this study. Specifically, shrimp was fed with two dietary protein sources (fishmeal [FM] and CHL) at low (LSD; 100 per m), medium (MSD; 200 per m) and high (HSD; 300 per m) stocking densities for 8 weeks. The growth performance and resistance to (1.0 × 10 CFU/mL) of shrimp decreased with the increase of stocking density, but dietary CHL improved this result. Differences between the CHL and FM groups for . resistance were significant only under high-density conditions ( < 0.05). Significant interactions between stocking density and protein source were found on the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenol oxidase (PO), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hepatopancreas and the activities of intestinal amylase, most of which were significantly different between CHL and FM groups only at high stocking density ( < 0.05). Analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that dietary CHL increased the alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota, inhibited the colonization of pathogenic bacteria and enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Transcriptomic results showed that at high stocking densities, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the FM vs CHL group were mostly upregulated and primarily enriched in immune and metabolic related pathways including Toll, immune deficiency (Imd) and glycolysis–gluconeogenesis pathways. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the top ten intestinal bacteria at the genus level and markedly enriched DEGs, also more were detected under high density situations. In conclusion, CHL has great potential as a novel protein source in the intensive farming of shrimp.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}