Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Prebiotics in animal nutrition: Harnessing agro-industrial waste for improved gut health and performance.","authors":"M Cristina Ravanal, Carolina A Contador, Wing-Tak Wong, Qile Zhang, Analese Roman-Benn, Kong Shun Ah-Hen, Pilar E Ulloa, Hon-Ming Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides an overview of the current research on prebiotics and their applications in animal nutrition and health. Various types of prebiotics are introduced and classified, with an analysis of agro-industrial residues as sources. The potential of prebiotics as substrates for the growth and/or activity of probiotic microorganisms, as well as their applications in animal feeds, were examined. This analysis also considered the health-promoting advantages linked to different production techniques and bioactive compounds. The mechanisms by which prebiotics alter gastrointestinal tract microbiota are discussed, specifically in terms of combating pathogenic bacteria and modulating immune cells in the gut. Investigations of the impact of prebiotics in both polygastric and monogastric animals are reported, highlighting their effects on the gut ecosystem and animal performance. This review concludes that agro-industrial residues are valuable sources of prebiotics that possess numerous beneficial health-promoting properties suitable for animal nutrition. These prebiotics can serve as a relevant substitute in the ongoing search for alternative strategies to prevent and control the presence of pathogenic bacteria in animals, particularly considering the restriction on antimicrobial growth promoters. However, further research is necessary to explore the interaction between prebiotics and probiotics in animal care and well-being, to establish systematic management of production and practical applications of these functional feed additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"179-192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism by which fermented <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> influences meat quality of Taihe black-bone silky fowl.","authors":"Wei Wei, Yang Fu, Weifa Su, Wentao Li, Lixia Kai, Jingzhan Liang, Fengqin Wang, Changyou Shi, Yizhen Wang, Zeqing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to investigate the effects of Fermented <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> (FBP) on growth performance, meat quality, and the expression of meat quality-related genes in Taihe black-bone silky fowl (TBsf). In the present study, 360 ninety-day-old TBsfs (body weight = 781 ± 0.85 g) were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates (18 hens per replicate), of which the control group was fed the basal diet and the 3 experimental groups were supplemented with 2%, 4%, and 8% FBP. After 75 days, 8 TBsfs in each group were randomly selected to collect their left pectoral muscles for meat quality and transcriptome analysis. Compared with the control group, 4% FBP improved the growth performance and meat quality of TBsf, evidenced by the increasing trend in the ratio of feed intake to body weight gain (<i>P</i> = 0.082), and significantly increased equivalent umami concentration (EUC), amino acid, and nucleotide compositions (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In addition, the remaining meat quality indices including the yellowness of meat color, muscle fiber density, and shear force were also improved in the 4% group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with consistent improvements in the 8% FBP group. The transcriptome results indicated that FBP may regulate muscle fiber growth and development through the Forkhead box O (FoxO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and regulate meat color through the adipocytokine signaling pathway. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) further revealed the candidate genes involved in amino acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism, and the trends of these genes were inflecting with the 4% FBP group. Together, these results suggest that FBP significantly improved the growth performance, and meat quality of TBsf, with 4% FBP as the optimal addition ratio, and the transcriptome analysis revealed the mechanism of gene regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"365-377"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of krill (Euphausia superba) meal on growth performance of aquatic animals: A meta-analysis and prospective directions","authors":"Hung Quang Tran, Tram Thi Nguyen, Markéta Dvořáková Prokešová, Margareth Øverland, Laura Gasco, Vikas Kumar, Hien Van Doan, Vlastimil Stejskal","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.024","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctic krill meal (KM) (<ce:italic>Euphausia superba</ce:italic>) as a substitute for fishmeal in aquatic animal diets is gaining popularity worldwide. A quantitative approach investigating the efficacy of using this protein on the production performance of aquatic animals remains widely limited. Here, we employed a meta-analysis to quantify the overall effects (Hedges’g [<ce:italic>g</ce:italic>] value effect size) of KM on the specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and survival rate (SR) of several aquaculture species. A total of 22 records published during 2006 to 2022 from different countries, targeting 14 aquatic species, were employed in the present study. Overall, KM has a high nutritional value relative to fishmeal, particularly from the high protein and amino acid composition. Dietary KM significantly increased the overall effect size of SGR (<ce:italic>g</ce:italic> = 1.92) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.001); the positive effect was illustrated in marine species (<ce:italic>g</ce:italic> = 1.32 to 9.10) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05) and sturgeon (<ce:italic>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</ce:italic>) (<ce:italic>g</ce:italic> = 6.59) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001). The overall <ce:italic>g</ce:italic> value for FCR (−2.42) was significantly improved compared to the control group (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.001). The inclusion of KM in aquatic animal diets did not affect <ce:italic>g</ce:italic> value of PER (1.52, 95% confidence interval: −1.04 to 4.07) and survival rate (0.08, 95% confidence interval: −0.63 to 0.79) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.252 and 0.208, respectively). The meta-regression models indicated that SGR of rainbow trout (<ce:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</ce:italic>) was significantly correlated with dietary KM by a positive linear model (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.022). The cod and sturgeon (<ce:italic>A. gueldenstaedtii</ce:italic>) appeared to efficiently utilize krill-containing diets as illustrated by a negative linear model (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.011 and <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.024, respectively) between dietary KM and FCR. Dietary KM positively correlated with PER for Atlantic cod (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.021). Our meta-analysis highlighted the significant outcome of KM in diets for aquaculture species by reducing pressure on forage fish from marine resources and sparing edible foods. Specifically, including KM significantly reduced economic fish-in fish-out (eFIFO) in four taxa — the top forage fish consumers (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05): marine fish, salmon, shrimp, and trout. The meta-analysis revealed the decreased food-competition feedstuff in diets for important aquaculture species (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05) fed dietary KM. The outlook for efficient use of KM from marine resources in aquafeeds was elucidated in the present work.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black soldier fly larvae oil can partially replace fish oil in the diet of the juvenile mud crab (Scylla paramamosain)","authors":"Yuhang Yang, Tingting Zhu, Min Jin, Xiangkai Li, Shichao Xie, Yuhui Cui, Qicun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing dietary fish oil (FO) with black soldier fly larval oil (BSFO) on growth performance, antioxidant and immune response, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function of the juvenile mud crab. A total of 160 mud crabs (18.58 ± 0.02 g) were randomly distributed into five treatments spread across 160 aquaria. There were 4 replicates per treatment and 8 crabs per replicate. The basal diet (Control) contained 3% fish oil and fish oil was replaced with BSFO at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in the remaining four treatments. The results showed that when the proportion of BSFO replacing FO was less than 50%, there were no significant differences in percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the experimental and the control groups (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &gt; 0.05); however, PWG and SGR decreased as the percentage of substitution increased from 50% to 100% (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.01). When the percentage of substitution was less than 50%, the expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis and catabolism were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). When 25% and 50% FO were replaced with BSFO, the antioxidant and immune responses enhanced (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), and antioxidant and immune-related enzyme activities and metabolite concentrations in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas significantly increased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05), and the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), and the apoptosis index in the hepatopancreas significantly decreased (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, mitochondrial function indexes in the hepatopancreas, such as mitochondrial DNA copy number and expression levels of energy metabolism-related genes were significantly up-regulated (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> &lt; 0.05). Hepatopancreas mitochondria were more abundant in crabs fed diets with 25% and 50% replacement of FO with BSFO, while adenosine triphosphate content was the highest in 25% FO replacement group (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> = 0.003). In summary, the results of the present study demonstrated that the replacement of FO with BSFO at less than 50% (i.e. in-feed BSFO level of 1.5%) did not negatively affect the growth performance of mud crabs, and could improve the antioxidant capacity, immune response, and enhance mitochondrial function.","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of lentinan improves lactation performance by altering ruminal microorganisms and metabolites in dairy cows.","authors":"Lun Tan, Xiao Li, Caiyun Fan, Dian Wang, Shuaihong Li, Yuhang Ding, Zixi Yang, Zhao Zhuo, Jianbo Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lentinan (LNT) is a bioactive polysaccharide that has been proven to improve the production performance of animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of LNT on lactation performance and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Through random block design, 80 Holstein cows were randomly assigned to four treatments (CON, control group, fed a basal diet; and 5LNT, 10LNT, 15LNT groups, fed a basal diet with 5, 10, 15 g/d LNT, respectively) according to the days in milk (57 ± 21.3 d), milk yield (42.3 ± 7.88 kg/d) and parity (3.44 ± 1.45). Each treatment had 20 replicates of one cow each. The results showed that there was a linear increment in the production of milk (<i>P</i> = 0.034, increased by 3.28 kg/d), milk protein (<i>P</i> = 0.020, increased by 76.04 g/d) and lactose (<i>P</i> = 0.003, increased by 213.07 g/d) with the increase in LNT doses. In addition, the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) linearly increased with the increasing LNT supplementation (<i>P</i> = 0.008, increased by 15.42%). In terms of ruminal fermentation, oxidation-reduction potential value (<i>P</i> = 0.001, reduced by 35.89), the proportion of acetate (<i>P</i> = 0.004, reduced by 8.91%) and acetate to propionate ratio (A/P; <i>P</i> = 0.002, reduced by 1.27) linearly decreased, while the proportion of propionate (<i>P</i> = 0.003, increased by 6.42%) and butyrate (<i>P</i> = 0.037, increased by 2.49%) linearly increased with the increase in LNT dosages. The changes in ruminal fermentation parameters led to changes in the ruminal microbiota and metabolites. Supplementation with LNT increased the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and decreased the relative abundance of some harmful bacteria, such as Rhodobacteraceae, <i>Tyzzerella</i>, <i>Lysinibacillus</i> and <i>Turicibacter</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, LNT supplementation up-regulated 2-(pyridin-2-ylamino) benzoic acid and hippuric acid (<i>P</i> < 0.05), which could promote phenylalanine metabolism, and down-regulated some metabolites inhibiting arginine biosynthesis, like 2-methylglutaric acid and N2-acetylornithine (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, lentinan supplementation significantly elevated 2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)benzoic acid (Py-PABA) and hippurate (<i>P</i> < 0.05), metabolites associated with enhanced phenylalanine metabolism, while reducing inhibitors of arginine biosynthesis such as 2-methylglutaric acid and N²-acetylornithine (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of LNT could improve the ruminal microbiota and metabolism and further affect the lactation performance of cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"107-118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating enteric methane emissions: An overview of methanogenesis, inhibitors and future prospects.","authors":"Xin Xie, Yurong Cao, Qiushuang Li, Qi Li, Xingze Yang, Rong Wang, Xiumin Zhang, Zhiliang Tan, Bo Lin, Min Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteric methane emissions account for approximately 17% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and represent 2% to 12% of energy losses from energy intake in ruminants. To reduce these emissions and accelerate the achievement of carbon neutrality, it is critical to understand the factors driving methanogenesis in the rumen and develop effective methane mitigation strategies. Methanogenesis inhibitors, when used in conjunction with nutritional and breeding management strategies, are widely regarded as effective additives for optimizing rumen function, enhancing nutrient utilization and reducing enteric methane emissions. The field of inhibitor development is evolving rapidly under increasing mitigation pressure, necessitating continual review to guide the understanding of their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, risk and potential for widespread use in ruminant production systems. This review compiles data from 78 peer-reviewed in vivo studies conducted over the past 5 years, focusing on 10 inhibitors, which demonstrates 5% to 75% in daily methane emission reduction, 2% to 70% in methane yield reduction, and 11% to 74% in methane intensity reduction. Among the inhibitors, macroalgae are the most effective, achieving 22% to 75% of methane reductions, followed by small targeted molecule inhibitors 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) with 13% to 62% of methane reductions. Additionally, this review discusses the mechanisms underlying these mitigation strategies, their impact on animal productivity performance, the barriers to their widespread adoption, and directions for future research. Special attention is given to the effects of these inhibitors on rumen hydrogen partial pressure and other metabolic pathways, as improper use may adversely affect nutrient utilization, overall metabolism and animal performance. Future mitigation efforts should focus on the developing next-generation inhibitors that precisely target methanogenic archaea and the methanogenesis pathway. These novel inhibitors must meet on a principle of safety for the host animals, human health and environment, and be economically viable and technically supported with efficiency in achieving long-term mitigation with minimal lifecycle carbon footprints.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"84-96"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics interpretation of how lysophospholipids regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and immunity in hybrid grouper (♀<i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i> × ♂<i>Epinephelus Lanceolatu</i>) fed high-lipid diets.","authors":"Hongjin Deng, Jiacheng Zhang, Weixing Liang, Beiping Tan, Shuyan Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment explored the effects of lysophospholipids on hybrid grouper (initial average weight: 22.65 ± 0.03 g) hepatic lipid metabolism and immunity at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. A total of 375 hybrid groupers were divided into 5 groups of 3 replicates of 25 fish each. Five isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formed by adding 0 (L₀, control group), 0.05% (L_0.05), 0.1% (L_0.1), 0.15% (L_0.15) and 0.2% (L_0.2) lysophospholipids, respectively. After 8 wk, compared to the control group, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein deposition rate were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the L_0.1 group (<i>P</i> = 0.011). The total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in the serum and liver of the fish in the L_0.1 group were significantly lower than those in the L₀ group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared to the L₀ group, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were substantially higher, and malondialdehyde content was considerably lower in the L_0.1 group (<i>P</i> < 0.05); complement 3, lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase levels in the L_0.1 group were significantly higher than those in the L₀ group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The hepatic lipoprotein lipase activity and gene expression in the L_0.1 group were significantly higher whereas fatty acid synthase activity and gene expression were significantly lower than those in the L₀ group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The gene expression and activities of hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase in the L_0.1 group were considerably higher than those in the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The mRNA expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecule and interleukin-10 genes were significantly higher in the L_0.1 group than in the L₀ group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ genes in the L₀ group was significantly higher than those in the L_0.1 group (<i>P</i> < 0.05).The transcriptome and metabolome data showed that the critical genes such as lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid synthase, as well as metabolites such as taurine and docosahexaenoic acid were enriched in the lipid metabolism pathway. In conclusion, 0.1% lysophospholipids activated critical genes and metabolites in the adenosine 5-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors signaling pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and immunity in hybrid grouper.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"140-154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of fumonisin B1 on growth performance and intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>).","authors":"Daiyu Chen, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Lin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a prevalent mycotoxin found in plant-based feed ingredients, and it negatively impacts the performance of aquatic animals. However, the mechanism of this toxicity remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of dietary FB1 on the growth performance of juvenile grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>). A total of 720 juvenile grass carp (10.92 ± 0.02 g) were fed with four different levels of FB1 diets (0, 2.06, 3.94, and 8.05 mg/kg) for 30 d and each group had 3 replicates of 60 fish. Our data indicated that when the FB1 concentration in the diet exceeded 3.94 mg/kg, there was a significant decline in growth performance (e.g., final body weight, percent weight gain, and body length) (<i>P</i> < 0.05), as well as reductions in the activities of digestive enzymes (e.g., chymotrypsin and trypsin), alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase in juvenile grass carp (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, increased levels of intestinal sphinganine (Sa), sphingosine (So), and FB1 residues were observed, along with disruptions in intestinal tissue structure and elevated serum D-lactic acid levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, FB1 inhibited the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1a/NF-E2-related factor-2 signaling pathway, resulting in decreased gene expression of intestinal copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 4b, and glutathione peroxidase 1a (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These alterations were accompanied by a reduction in glutathione levels, total superoxide dismutase activity, and total antioxidant capacity (<i>P</i> < 0.05), as well as an increase in levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in the intestine (<i>P</i> < 0.05). FB1 induced intestinal apoptosis by downregulating the gene expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (<i>P</i> = 0.009), while simultaneously upregulating the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, FB1 decreased the gene expression of apical junction complex-related molecules (e.g., zonula occluden-1, occludin, and nectin) (<i>P</i> < 0.05), while increasing the expression of claudin-15b, myosin light chain kinase, Rho family GTPases, and Rho-associated protein kinase (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These findings indicated that dietary FB1 negatively impacts the growth performance of juvenile grass carp, likely due to reduced digestive and absorptive capacities, elevated intestinal Sa and So levels, and disruption of intestinal structure integrity. This study filled the study gap on the toxicity of FB1 to the intestines of aquatic animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"193-206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying colostral immunoglobulin G absorption in the gut of neonatal goat kids.","authors":"Chao Yang, Yan Cheng, Tianxi Zhang, Kefyalew Gebeyew, Amanda Fischer-Tlustos, Leluo Guan, Michael Steele, Zhiliang Tan, Zhixiong He","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early colostrum feeding facilitates the passive transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG), which contributes to the defensive establishment of neonates; however, the molecular mechanisms of IgG absorption in the small intestine of neonatal mammals remain largely unknown. In this study, a total of 16 neonatal goat kids with similar body weight (2.05 ± 0.31 kg) were selected and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 feeding treatments: normal colostrum feeding (NCF, <i>n</i> = 8) or delayed colostrum feeding (DCF, <i>n</i> = 8). Multi-omics coupled with individual bioinformatics analyses were employed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IgG absorption. Phenotypic analysis showed that the capacity of IgG absorption was largely affected (<i>P</i> < 0.05) by colostrum feeding time in neonatal goat kids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis generated 23 gene modules (gene module defined M1 to M23) and the M12 module was highly correlated (|r| > 0.70 and adjusted <i>P</i> < 0.01) with IgG absorption. Genes in M12 were involved in the endocytosis pathway, especially related to clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in the above-mentioned pathways regulated the clathrin synthesis (<i>CLTC</i>), the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles (<i>ARPC1A</i>), and the sorting and recycling endosomes (<i>CAPZA2</i>, <i>KIAA0196</i>, <i>RAB10</i>, <i>RAB11A</i> and <i>VPS35</i>) as well as the formation of macropinosomes (<i>FGFR4</i> and <i>RhoA</i>) in micropinocytosis, which induced differences in serum IgG concentrations. Additionally, 5 differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-2755-3p, miR-10400-5p, miR-71-5p, miR-2944-3p and miR-2411-3p) were predicted to regulate mRNA involved in clathrin-coated vesicles, Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn)-IgG sorting, and macropinosomes formation that may cause the difference in IgG absorption ability. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling IgG absorption of neonatal ruminants and reveals novel mRNA and miRNA markers involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis which may provide the fundamental knowledge related to IgG absorption to support further study in other mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"21 ","pages":"166-178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of <i>S</i> <i>cutellariae radix</i> flavonoid extract improves lactation performance in dairy cows by regulating gastrointestinal microbes, antioxidant capacity and immune function.","authors":"Dongwen Dai, Chunxiao Dong, Fanlin Kong, Shuo Wang, Shuxiang Wang, Wei Wang, Shengli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Scutellariae radix</i> flavonoid extract (SFE) has been acknowledged for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties in enhancing gastrointestinal microbial communities and improving the host's immunity. Nevertheless, the impacts of dietary supplementation with SFE on the gastrointestinal microbes and host metabolism in dairy cows remain uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with SFE on the lactation performance, gastrointestinal microbes, and plasma biochemical parameters of dairy cows. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous dairy cows were used in a crossover design over 28-d periods that included a 21-d adaptation and a 7-d sample collection period. Cows were fed a basal diet (CON group) or a basal diet supplemented with SFE at 25 g/d (SFE group). SFE supplementation tended to increase milk yield (<i>P</i> = 0.067) and milk urea N concentration (<i>P</i> = 0.079), and decreased the milk somatic cell counts (SCC, <i>P</i> = 0.036). Cows in the SFE group had lower plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β concentrations compared with the CON (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, SFE supplementation increased butyrate concentration in the rumen (<i>P</i> = 0.044). The microbial structure of rumen and duodenum were affected by SFE supplementation (<i>P</i> = 0.009 and <i>P</i> = 0.031; respectively), resulting in enrichment of <i>Butyrivibrio</i> in both parts of the SFE cows (<i>P</i> = 0.034 and <i>P</i> = 0.029; respectively). However, microbial structure and composition of feces were not affected by SFE supplementation. Overall, our study indicated that dietary supplementation with SFE could enhance lactation performance and milk quality in dairy cows by improving the gastrointestinal inner environment and health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"20 ","pages":"499-508"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}