Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Neonatal vitamin A but not retinoic acid administration increases intramuscular adipocyte number in sheep by promoting vascularization.","authors":"Zhongzuo Huang, Xiaoxiao Yu, Zongyou Jiang, Gaojian Tang, Shaoqi Gao, Yifan Xiang, Yicheng Luo, Boping Ye, Yating Li, Pengkang Song, Yu Xin, Min Du, Junxing Zhao, Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether vitamin A (VA) administration during the neonatal stage could increase the number of intramuscular adipocytes in Hu sheep by promoting vascularity. A total of 56 newborn male Hu sheep were divided into four groups and received intramuscular injections of either 0, 7500 IU retinoic acid (RA), 7500 IU VA, or a combination of 7500 IU VA and 5 mg SU5416 (an angiogenic inhibitor), at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days of age. At 15 days of age, 6 sheep from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed for intramuscular adipogenic capacity analysis. The remaining 8 sheep in each group were raised until they were 8 months old. VA-treated sheep exhibited an increase in preadipocytes, elevated expression of adipogenic genes (CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha [<i>CEBPA</i>] and CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta [<i>CEBPB</i>]) and angiogenic genes (vascular endothelial growth factor A [<i>VEGFA</i>]), and stromal vascular fraction cells in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle with enhanced adipogenic capacity (<i>P</i> ＜ 0.05). These effects were entirely negated by SU5416. Upon slaughter, VA increased final weight, carcass weight, and average daily gain (<i>P</i> ＜ 0.05) but did not affect feed intake at 21 to 32 weeks (<i>P</i> = 0.824). VA increased the number of intramuscular adipocytes in the LD and semitendinosus (ST) muscle (<i>P</i> ＜ 0.05) without changing the adipocyte number of the omentum, perirenal and subcutaneous fats (<i>P</i> ＞ 0.05). VA injections also increased intramuscular triglyceride (TG) content (<i>P</i> = 0.016) without changing the omentum fat weight or subcutaneous fat thickness (<i>P</i> ＞ 0.05), but it did increase the perirenal fat weight (<i>P</i> = 0.011). Consistently, SU5416 mitigated the effects of VA on intramuscular TG content and adipocyte count, correlating with a decrease in vascularity. In contrast, RA injections didn't affect the intramuscular fat (<i>P</i> = 0.744) but reduced the TG content of the omentum and perirenal fat (<i>P</i> ＜ 0.05). In conclusion, intramuscular injections of VA but not RA at the neonatal stage improved the growth performance of Hu sheep, increasing the number of intramuscular adipocytes and marbling by promoting angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary astaxanthin alleviates black soldier fly oil-induced negative changes of fatty acids content and muscle quality on <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> via mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.","authors":"Yongkang Chen, Jian Zhong, Xuanqi Chen, Xiaomin Li, Haiqi Pu, Baoyang Chen, Yucai Guo, Anqi Chen, Wenjie Li, Peng Hu, Xinliang Zhu, Wei Zhao, Jin Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effect of black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) larvae oil (BO) produced by a novel technique, subcritical butane extraction, on the flesh quality, lipid nutrients and muscle growth of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) fillet, and investigated the alleviating mechanisms of dietary astaxanthin (AST) supplementation. Two hundred and forty fish (215.16 ± 2.30 g) were distributed to three groups with four replicates. Fish were fed three experimental diets for 8 weeks: the control diet (CD diet), total fish oil of the CD diet was replaced with BO to formulate the BO100 diet, and then 1 g/kg AST was supplemented with the BO100 diet to formulate the AST diet. Results showed that the final body weight and the sarcomere length of fillet were significantly increased and the protein phosphorylation levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 S6 kinase were enhanced in the BO100 group compared to the CD group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). However, there was a reduction in the hardness, springiness and chewiness of fillets, with a decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in the fish of the BO100 group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Supplementation of AST in the BO100 diet mitigated the impairment of springiness and chewiness and further promoted the sarcomere length of fillet (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary AST partially restored the EPA and DHA content of fillet by increasing the phosphorylation levels of serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and activating the gene expression of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. To conclude, BO produced by subcritical butane extraction can be a readily available oil source for rainbow trout feed that can be used to promote muscle growth in rainbow trout. Further dietary AST supplementation can alleviate BO-induced lipid accumulation, restore DHA levels and improve the flesh quality of rainbow trout fillet.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"313-324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indole-3-propionic acid enhances growth performance and reduces diarrhea via modulating redox status and intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets.","authors":"Dongxu Ming, Xincong Xu, Xianren Jiang, Yanpin Li, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangbo Xiang, Mingyuan Huang, Yu Pi, Xilong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) has anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial for weaned piglets with underdeveloped immune systems. The study explores the impact of IPA supplementation on growth performance, oxidative stress, and inflammation response in weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, 90 weaned piglets were divided into six groups (5 replicates per group, 3 pigs per replicate), with each group receiving a basal diet with varying amounts of IPA (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) for 42 d. Piglets fed the diets with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of IPA exhibited reduced feed conversion ratios (F:G) compared to the control piglets (<i>P</i> = 0.035). Notably, 50 and 100 mg/kg IPA treatments significantly reduced diarrhea incidence and serum interleukin (IL)-6 content (<i>P <</i> 0.05). Conversely, a high dosage of 600 mg/kg IPA led to increased serum contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 (<i>P <</i> 0.05). Optimal antioxidant benefits were observed at 100 mg/kg IPA supplementation, which significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels while enhancing serum total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activity on d 14 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Exp. 2 investigated the effects of IPA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in weaned piglets. The study consisted of 32 weaned piglets allocated into 4 groups, with 8 replicates per group and 1 piglet per replicate: a control group, a LPS challenge group, a LPS challenge group supplemented with 100 mg/kg IPA, and a group supplemented with 100 mg/kg IPA alone. Upon administration of LPS or saline injection, the results indicated that dietary IPA supplementation in challenged piglets enhanced villus height: crypt depth, modulated <i>IL-8</i> and <i>IL-</i>22 mRNA relative expression, and increased the tight junction protein claudin-1 mRNA relative expression in the intestinal mucosa (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of IPA at specific concentrations significantly improves growth performance, reduces diarrhea incidence, and mitigates inflammation and oxidative stress in weaned piglets. It may be concluded that incorporating IPA into the diet of weaned piglets can effectively improve their health and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"240-247"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary high lipid and high plant-protein affected growth performance, liver health, bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in groupers.","authors":"Jia Xu, Fan Wang, Chaoqun Hu, Junxiang Lai, Shiwei Xie, Kefu Yu, Fajun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High lipid diets (HLD) and high plant-protein diets (HPD) exhibit potential fishmeal-saving effects but negatively impact liver health and growth performance in fish. We hypothesized that HLD and HPD impair liver health in pearl gentian groupers (<i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i>♂ × <i>Epinephelus lanceolatus</i>♀) through the modulation of intestinal microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Four diet groups were tested: control diet (CD, 46.21% crude protein, 9.48% crude lipid), HLD (46.37% crude protein, 16.70% crude lipid), HPD (46.50% crude protein, 9.38% crude lipid), and high lipid-high plant-protein diet (HLPD, 46.54% crude protein, 16.67% crude lipid). A total of 300 fish (average body weight = 15.22 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into 4 diet treatments (ensuring 3 tanks replicates of each diet treatment, each tank containing 25 fish). After an eight-week feeding period, the HLD and HPD significantly decreased the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake (FI) in comparison to CD group, with HLPD exacerbating these indicators (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared to CD group, the content of total cholesterol (T-CHO) and triglyceride (TG) in liver and serum were significantly increased in HLD group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared to HPD group, the content of T-CHO in liver was significantly decreased, the content of TG in liver and serum were significantly increased in HLPD group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). HLD, HPD, and HLPD impaired liver health by inducing histological damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Compared to CD group, the mRNA relative expression of bile salt export pump (<i>bsep</i>) and multidrug resistance protein 3 (<i>mdr3</i>) were significantly increased in HLD group, whereas the mRNA relative expression of sterol-27-hydroxylase (<i>cyp27a1</i>), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (<i>meh</i>), apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (<i>asbt</i>), multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (<i>mrp3</i>), farnesoid X receptor (<i>fxr</i>) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (<i>tgr5</i>) were significantly decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared to CD group, the mRNA relative expression of <i>mdr3</i>, <i>asbt</i>, <i>mrp3</i>, organic anion transporters 1 (<i>oatp1</i>), <i>meh</i>, <i>fxr</i> and <i>tgr5</i> were significantly decreased in HPD group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In summary, HLD affects intestinal microbiota, BA metabolism, and lipid metabolism, leading to lipid deposition and liver damage. HPD regulates gut microbiota, BA metabolism, inflammatory responses, and BA receptor expression, impairing grouper liver health. HLPD synergistically combines the adverse effects of HLD and HPD on grouper liver health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"370-385"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of glycyrrhetinic acid in attenuating adverse effects of a high-fat diet in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>).","authors":"Quanquan Cao, Zhihao Zhang, Ju Zhao, Lin Feng, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Juan Zhao, Haifeng Liu, Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has been shown to promote growth characteristics and play a crucial role in anti-inflammatory responses in animals. To investigate the effects of dietary GA supplementation on growth performance, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal barrier protection in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) fed a high-fat diet (HFD), a 77-day feeding experiment was conducted. A total of 750 largemouth bass, initially averaging 17.39 ± 0.09 g in body weight, were randomly allocated to five experimental groups and fed a control diet, a HFD, and the HFD diet supplemented with GA at either 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg, named as control, HDF, HFD + GA 0.5, HFD + GA 1.0, and 1.5 HFD + GA 1.5, respectively. Each group contained three replicates. The study revealed that dietary GA improved final body weight (<i>P</i> < 0.001), percent weight gain (<i>P</i> = 0.041), and feed intake (<i>P</i> < 0.001), all of which had been affected by a HFD in largemouth bass (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Supplementation of HFD with 1.0 mg/kg GA increased the mRNA expressions and protein levels of corresponding tight junctions, occludin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1 in the intestines of largemouth bass. Furthermore, the addition of HFD with both of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg GA decreased the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory genes such as interleukin-1β (<i>IL-1β</i>), <i>IL-18</i>, and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (<i>caspase-1</i>), as well as proteins associated with pyroptosis-induced inflammation, including NOD-like receptor family and pyrin domain contain 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), gasdermin E (GSDME), and N-terminal domain of GSDME (GSDME-N) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Finally, dietary GA supplementation alleviated mitochondrial damage and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by the HFD. It is concluded that GA supplementation in HFD enhances growth performance, increases mRNA expression and protein levels of tight junction-related parameters, decreases mRNA expression and protein levels of pyroptosis-related genes, and alleviates intestinal mitochondrial injury and inflammation induced by HFD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"248-260"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary methionine on the growth and protein synthesis of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) fed fish meal-free diets.","authors":"Jiadai Liu, Erchao Li, Xinyu Li, Xiaodan Wang, Qincheng Huang, Han Wang, Yixin Miao, Qingchao Shi, Jianguang Qin, Liqiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of dietary methionine (Met) on growth performance and protein synthesis in juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) fed fish meal (FM)-free diets. Three diets free of FM containing 0.48% (LM), 1.05% (MM), and 1.72% (HM) Met were assessed, and the cysteine content in all the diets was adjusted to 0.46%. The control diet contained 35% FM without Met supplementation. Extra lysine was added to all of the FM-free diets to match the lysine level in the control diet. Juvenile <i>E. sinensis</i> (800 crabs weighing 0.74 ± 0.01 g each) were fed these four diets for eight weeks, with five replicates for each treatment. Both the LM and HM groups presented lower weight gain than all the other groups did (<i>P</i> = 0.002). The survival of the crabs was lower in the LM and HM groups than in the MM group (<i>P</i> = 0.005). Compared with those in the other groups, the growth performance of the crabs in the MM group improved, and lipid deposition and protein accumulation increased. These positive outcomes are associated with high protein expression linked to the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and low expression of genes and proteins linked to the PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway. The study of Met supplementation has explored the response of the PERK pathway through reducing glutathione (GSH) levels to promote protein synthesis. The injection of Met and L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, suppressed GSH production and altered the expression of genes and proteins related to protein synthesis pathways. This study suggests that Met supplementation in FM-free diets can increase the growth and protein synthesis of <i>E. sinensis</i> by modulating specific cellular pathways, particularly the mTOR and PERK pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"226-239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-level L-Gln compromises intestinal amino acid utilization efficiency and inhibits protein synthesis by GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathway in piglets fed low-crude protein diets.","authors":"Jun Li, Yinfeng Chen, Yang Yang, Ying Yang, Zhenlong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gln, one of the most abundant amino acids (AA) in the body, performs a diverse range of fundamental physiological functions. However, information about the role of dietary Gln on AA levels, transporters, protein synthesis, and underlying mechanisms in vivo is scarce. The present study aimed to explore the effects of low-crude protein diet inclusion with differential doses of L-Gln on intestinal AA levels, transporters, protein synthesis, and potential mechanisms in weaned piglets. A total of 128 healthy weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated into four treatments with four replicates. Pigs in the four groups were fed a low-crude protein diet containing 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% L-Gln for 28 d. L-Gln administration markedly (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.05) increased Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Glu, Gln, His, Ile, Lys, Met, Orn, Phe, Ser, Thr, Tyr, and Val levels and promoted trypsin activity in the jejunal content of piglets. Moreover, L-Gln treatment significantly enhanced concentrations of colonic Gln and Trp, and serum Thr (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.01), and quadratically increased serum Lys and Phe levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and decreased plasma Glu, Ile, and Leu levels (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that L-Gln administration significantly upregulated <i>Atp1a1</i>, <i>Slc1a5</i>, <i>Slc3a2</i>, <i>Slc6a14</i>, <i>Slc7a5</i>, <i>Slc7a7</i>, and <i>Slc38a1</i> relative expressions in the jejunum (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, dietary supplementation with L-Gln enhanced protein abundance of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2, <i>P</i> = 0.010), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in the jejunum of piglets (<i>P</i> = 0.008). These results demonstrated for the first time that a low crude protein diet with high-level L-Gln inclusion exhibited side effects on piglets. Specifically, 2% and 3% L-Gln administration exceeded the intestinal utilization capacity and compromised the jejunal AA utilization efficiency, which is independent of digestive enzyme activities. A high level of L-Gln supplementation would inhibit protein synthesis by GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling in piglets fed low-protein diets, which, in turn, upregulates certain AA transporters to maintain AA homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"480-487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inositol supplementation improves meat quality by modulating amino acid metabolism and gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.","authors":"Enfa Yan, Haijun Sun, Linjuan He, Boyang Wan, Ming Shen, Qiyuan Miao, Jingdong Yin, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intramuscular fat (IMF) content influences various meat quality traits, including tenderness, flavor, juiciness and nutritional value. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inositol supplementation on meat quality, metabolic profiles, and gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs. A total of 144 finishing pigs (initial body weight 70.41 ± 0.78 kg) were randomly divided into control, 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.3% inositol groups. The data showed that inositol increased backfat thickness at the 6th to 7th rib and 10th rib, IMF content, and improved tenderness (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05, <i>n</i> = 8). Paralleling an increase in fat deposition, 0.3% inositol also increased the protein level of PPARγ in the subcutaneous fat (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle (<i>P</i> = 0.062). Inositol elevated the content of amino acids in LT muscle and enhanced amino acid metabolism of finishing pigs, including lysine degradation, tyrosine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing showed that 0.3% inositol supplementation altered the profiles of microbes in the colon, particularly decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and increasing the abundance of Bacteroidota (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that differential microbes had strong correlation with differential metabolites in serum, including amino acids. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary inositol supplementation could effectively improve IMF content and tenderness of pork, enhance amino acid metabolism, and regulate gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"180-191"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen-mammary gland axis and bacterial extracellular vesicles: Exploring a new perspective on heat stress in dairy cows.","authors":"Qi Huang, Yang Xiao, Peng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress poses a significant threat to the global livestock industry, particularly impacting dairy cows due to their higher metabolic heat production and increased susceptibility. The rumen microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating heat stress in dairy cows. Moreover, the rumen-mammary gland axis has been recently unveiled, indicating that rumen bacteria and their metabolites can influence mammary gland health and function. Extracellular vesicles, cell-derived vesicles, are known to carry various biomolecules and mediate intercellular communication and immune modulation. This review proposes the hypothesis that heat stress poses a threat to dairy cows via the rumen-mammary gland axis by regulating rumen microbiota and their secreted extracellular vesicles. It summarizes existing knowledge on bacterial extracellular vesicles and the rumen-mammary gland axis, suggesting that targeting the rumen microbiota and their extracellular vesicles, while enhancing mammary gland health through this axis, could be a promising strategy for preventing and alleviating heat stress in dairy cows. The aim of this review is to offer new insights and guide future research and development efforts concerning heat stress in dairy cows, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and potential interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between rumen epithelium-associated microbiota and host immunological and metabolic adaptations in response to different milk replacer feeding intensities in dairy calves.","authors":"Carolin B M Müller, Lisa-Maria Tümmler, Henry Reyer, Torsten Viergutz, Björn Kuhla","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The milk replacer feeding regime in dairy calves has a great impact on metabolic and immunological functioning and affects animal welfare and lifetime performance. The feeding regime influences the rumen microbial composition, and epithelium-associated microbes may interact with the immune system of the host. We examined the correlations between blood leukocyte counts and the rumen epithelium-associated microbiome in dairy calves fed 2 different milk replacer feeding intensities and if these factors related to metabolic traits. Fourteen newborn female dairy calves were allocated to a group receiving either 10% (<i>n</i> = 7) or 20% (<i>n</i> = 7) milk replacer of their body weight (on average 41 kg) and provided ad libitum access to grass hay and concentrate pellets. At 3 weeks of life, all calves were fitted with a rumen cannula. Calves were weaned at 12 weeks of life and received a total mixed ration for ad libitum intake. Pre- (8-10 weeks of life) and post-weaning (21-23 weeks of life), methane production was measured in respiration chambers, and rumen epithelium and blood were sampled for 16S rRNA sequencing and leukocyte analyses, respectively. Pre-weaning, the reduced milk replacer feeding intensity was accompanied with higher concentrate intake but lower growth performance (<i>P</i> < 0.001), a higher abundance of amylolytic and lower abundance of cellulolytic epimural microbes. The group fed a low milk replacer intensity had also greater portions of monocytes (<i>P</i> = 0.031), CD8⁺ (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and CD14⁺ (<i>P</i> = 0.044) leukocytes, suggesting elevated inflammatory conditions. Correlations between CD8⁺ T cells and rumen methanogens, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were recorded, but these were not consistent throughout maturation. Post-weaning, differences in feed intake and rumen microbial composition converged among milk replacer groups, while differences in growth performance (<i>P</i> = 0.040) and CD8⁺ cells (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were still present. In conclusion, a reduced milk replacer feeding intensity in dairy calves compromised growth performance and immunity and this effect persisted in the long-term. Significant correlations between the proportion of leukocytes and distinct epimural microbe taxa indicated an interplay between rumen epimural colonization and immune functioning of the host. However, further research is required addressing this interplay between rumen epimural microbes and immune functioning in dairy calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"287-300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}