Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress","authors":"Liulan Zhao, Liangshun Cheng, Yifang Hu, Xiaohui Li, Yihui Yang, Jin Mu, Lianfeng Shen, Guojun Hu, Kuo He, Haoxiao Yan, Qiao Liu, Song Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-carbohydrate (HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a low-carbohydrate diet (9% starch) (LC), a high carbohydrate diet (18% starch) (HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA (HCSA), 2 g/kg SB (HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB (HCSASB). The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and ameliorated serum parameters (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). And, importantly, dietary SA and SB repaired the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-7 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), reduced HC-induced intestinal damage, and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138840665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens: Challenges in testing and using alternative products","authors":"Robert J. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics (IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health, productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, <em>Clostridium perfringens</em>, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author’s particular experience, reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138657922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexed amino acid minerals vs. bis-glycinate bound minerals: Impact on the performance of old laying hens","authors":"Marcos J.B. Santos, Maria C.M.M. Ludke, Leandro M. Silva, Carlos B.V. Rabello, Mércia R. Barros, Fabiano S. Costa, Clariane S. Santos, Jamille S.S. Wanderley","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals (Zn, Mn, and Cu) from complexed amino acid minerals (ZMCAA) and bis-glycinate bound minerals (ZMCGly) in laying hen diets on performance, internal and external egg quality, yolk mineral deposition, intestinal morphometry, and bone characteristics. At 78 weeks of age, 400 Lohmann White laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments, and 10 replicates per treatment. Treatments were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using either Zn, Mn, and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 levels: low (20, 20, and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively) or high (40, 40, and 7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively). The analysis of variance was performed and in cases where differences were observed and the means were compared using Tukey's test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The source and level of trace mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying hens. Hens fed ZMCAA had higher egg production (<em>P</em> = 0.01), egg weight (<em>P</em> = 0.02), egg mass (<em>P</em> = 0.01), and lower feed conversion ratio (<em>P =</em> 0.05) compared to those fed ZMCGly. ZMCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height (<em>P</em> = 0.01), albumen weight (<em>P</em> = 0.01), and eggshell thickness (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The deposition of Zn (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), Mn (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and Cu (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in the egg yolk was greater when hens received ZMCAA. Tibia weight (<em>P</em> = 0.04), and bone densitometry (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in the tibia were higher with ZMCAA supplementation. In the small intestine, ZMCAA resulted in longer villi (<em>P</em> = 0.02) and reduced crypt depth (<em>P</em> = 0.01) in the duodenum. Jejunum and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Laying hens fed ZMCAA exhibited superior performance, egg quality, deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk, and bone density compared to hens fed ZMCGly. In this study, older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138481337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin and corresponding detoxification mechanisms: A narrative review","authors":"Pengju Wang, Lv-hui Sun, Xu Wang, Qinghua Wu, Aimei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>T-2 toxin is one of the most widespread and toxic fungal toxins in food and feed. It can cause gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and does not readily degrade during food and feed processing. Therefore, suppressing T-2 toxin-induced organ toxicity through antidotes is an urgent issue. Protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin have been recorded widely in the literature, but these protective agents and their molecular mechanisms of detoxification have not been comprehensively summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of the various protective agents to T-2 toxin and the molecular mechanisms underlying the detoxification effects. Targeting appropriate targets to antagonize T-2 toxin toxicity is also an important option. This review will provide essential guidance and strategies for the better application and development of T-2 toxin antidotes specific for organ toxicity in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138481335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance, serum parameters, inflammatory responses, intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaned piglets fed 18% crude protein diets with different ratios of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine","authors":"Jian Wang, Sujie Liu, Jiayu Ma, Xiaoli Dong, Shenfei Long, Xiangshu Piao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study was to explore the Ile requirement of piglets fed 18% crude protein (<strong>CP</strong>) diets. Two hundred and fifty 28-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (8.37 ± 1.92 kg) were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments (10 piglets per replicate, 5 barrows and 5 gilts per replicate) with 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% standardized ileal digestible (<strong>SID</strong>) Ile-to-Lys ratios, and the SID Lys was formulated to 1.19%. The experimental design consisted of two phases (d 1 to 14 and d 15 to 28). Results showed that average daily gain (<strong>ADG</strong>) had a tendency to quadratically increase as the SID Ile-to-Lys ratio increased (<em>P</em> = 0.09), and the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios required to maximize ADG were 48.33% and 54.63% for broken-line linear model and quadratic polynomial model, respectively. Different SID Ile-to-Lys ratios had no significant effects on average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio. Dry matter (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), CP (<em>P</em> = 0.01), ether extract (<em>P</em> = 0.04), gross energy (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and organic matter (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) digestibility increased quadratically. Serum total cholesterol levels decreased linearly (<em>P</em> = 0.01) and quadratically (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01); aspartate aminotransferase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), interleukin-1β (<em>P</em> = 0.01), and tumor necrosis factor-α (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) levels decreased quadratically; immunoglobulin G (<em>P</em> = 0.03) and immunoglobulin M (<em>P</em> = 0.01) concentrations increased quadratically. Serum Ser levels decreased linearly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (<em>P</em> = 0.01); Glu (<em>P</em> = 0.02), Arg (<em>P</em> = 0.05), and Thr (<em>P</em> = 0.03) levels decreased quadratically; Gly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and Leu (<em>P</em> = 0.01) levels decreased linearly; Ile (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) concentration increased linearly. Duodenal villus height (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) increased quadratically. The deficiency or excess of Ile decreased short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria abundance and increased pathogenic bacteria abundance. Overall, taking ADG as the effect index, the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios of piglets offered 18% CP diets were 48.33% and 54.63% based on two different statistical models, respectively, and the deficiency or excess of lle negatively affected piglet growth rates and health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138481336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary crude protein time-dependently modulates the bacterial community and metabolites and changes dietary nutrient efficiency in growing pigs","authors":"Yuming Wang, Junyan Zhou, Ning Cao, Lu Wang, Jiayu Tu, Xiangfang Zeng, Shiyan Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reduced nutrient digestibility of low-protein (<strong>LP</strong>) diets has been shown to be caused by the weakened fermentative capacity of the post-gut flora. The dynamic regulation of dietary protein contents on post-gut microbial population and fermentative metabolism is unclear. Twelve growing barrows (19.9 ± 0.8 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the blind end of the cecum were randomly administered a high-protein (HP, 21.5% crude protein [<strong>CP</strong>]) diet or an LP (15.5% CP) diet for 28 d. The cecal content and feces were collected at d 1, 14, and 28 of the experiment for microflora structures and metabolite concentrations analysis. The nutrient digestibility coefficient and plasma biochemical parameters were also determined. Compared with the HP treatment, the LP treatment showed decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and CP (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In addition, urinary nitrogen losses, total nitrogen losses, and daily nitrogen retention in the LP treatment were lower than those in the HP treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and the nitrogen retention-to-nitrogen intake ratio in the LP treatment was increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The HP group showed increased cecal total short-chain fatty acids (<strong>SCFA</strong>) concentration and fecal propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA concentrations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) on d 14 and 28, which may be mainly related to the elevated abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as <em>Ruminococcus</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, and <em>Prevotella</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Probiotics, such as <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Bacteroidales S24-7</em>, and <em>Rikenella,</em> enriched in the LP treatment possibly contributed to reduced plasma endotoxin content. The differences in the abundances of almost all the above-mentioned flora appeared on d 28 but not d 14. Likewise, differences in the Simpson and Shannon indices and clustering patterns of the microbiota between treatments were also only observed on d 28. To sum up, in a time-dependent manner, the LP diet increased probiotics with gut-improving functions and decreased SCFA-producing bacteria, which may cause enhanced intestine health and reduced nutrient digestibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138485823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of vitamin E in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Ke Yao, Lin Feng, Wei-Dan Jiang, Yang Liu, Lu Zhang, Hai-Feng Mi, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Pei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vitamin E (VE) is an essential lipid-soluble vitamin that improves the fish flesh quality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VE on growth performance and flesh quality in sub-adult grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>). A total of 450 fish (713.53 ± 1.50 g) were randomly divided into six treatment groups (three replicates per treatment) and fed for nine weeks with different experimental diets (dietary lipid 47.8 g/kg) that contained different levels of VE (5.44, 52.07, 96.85, 141.71, 185.66, and 230.12 mg/kg diet, supplemented as dl-α-tocopherol acetate). Notably, the treatment groups that were fed with dietary VE ranging from 52.07 to 230.12 mg/kg diet showed improvement in the percent weight gain, special growth rate, and feed efficiency of grass carp. Moreover, the treatment groups supplemented with dietary VE level of 141.71, 185.66, and 230.12 mg/kg diet showed enhancement in crude protein, lipid, and α-tocopherol contents in the muscle, and the dietary levels of VE ranging between 52.07 to 141.71 mg/kg diet improved muscle pH_24h and shear force but reduced muscle cooking loss in grass carp. Furthermore, appropriate levels of VE (52.07 to 96.85 mg/kg diet) increased the muscle polyunsaturated fatty acid content in grass carp. Dietary VE also increased the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis-related genes, including <em>fas</em>, <em>scd-1</em>, <em>fad</em>, <em>elovl</em>, <em>srebp1</em>, <em>pparγ</em>, and <em>lxrα</em>, and up-regulated the expression of SREBP-1 protein. However, dietary VE decreased the expression of fatty acid decomposition-related genes, including <em>hsl</em>, <em>cpt1</em>, <em>acox1</em>, and <em>pparα</em>, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes, including <em>perk</em>, <em>ire1</em>, <em>atf6</em>, <em>eif2α</em>, <em>atf4</em>, <em>xbp1</em>, <em>chop,</em> and <em>grp78</em>, and down-regulated the expression of p-PERK, p-IRE1, ATF6, and GRP78 proteins. In conclusion, dietary VE increased muscle fatty acid synthesis, which may be partly associated with the alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ultimately improves fish flesh quality. Moreover, the VE requirements for sub-adult grass carp (713.53 to 1590.40 g) were estimated to be 124.9 and 122.73 mg/kg diet based on percentage weight gain and muscle shear force, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":" 1192","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens","authors":"James K. Lugata, Sawadi F. Ndunguru, Gebrehewaria K. Reda, Xénia E. Ozsváth, Eszter Angyal, Levente Czeglédi, Gabriella Gulyás, Renáta Knop, János Oláh, Zoltán Mészár, Rita Varga, Brigitta Csernus, Csaba Szabó","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methionine (Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-SL layer hybrid (TSL) — commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed (HPC) — a native genotype were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs (Noln); 2) saline-injected (Saln); 3) DL-Met injected (DLM); and 4) L-Met injected (LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) compared to the control. The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione content (GSH), glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha (<em>GST3</em>), occludin (<em>OCLN)</em> gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1 (<em>IGF1</em>) gene, tricellulin (<em>MD2</em>), occludin (<em>OCLN)</em>, superoxide dismutase 1 (<em>SOD1</em>), and <em>GST3</em> genes than the TSL genotype (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). In conclusion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138469120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition","authors":"Michael R. Bedford, Birger Svihus, Aaron J. Cowieson","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity, interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut pH, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare, live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical, mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"8 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138469119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavonoids from mulberry leaves inhibit fat production and improve fatty acid distribution in adipose tissue in finishing pigs","authors":"Yingying Liu, Yinglin Peng, Chen Chen, Huibo Ren, Ji Zhu, Yuan Deng, Qingming Cui, Xionggui Hu, Jianhua He, Huali Li, Xinghui Zhu, Yulong Yin, Jun He, Yi Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves (FML) on plasma biochemical indices, serum activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes, fat morphology, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues of finishing pigs. We used 120 Chinese hybrid barrows of Berkshire and Bama mini-pigs with an average initial body weight of 45.11 ± 4.23 kg. The pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups and fed a control diet based on corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran or a control diet supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, or 0.16% FML. Each experimental group had six replicates (pens), with four pigs per pen. After a 7-d adaptation period, the feeding trial was conducted for 58 d. Blood and adipose tissue samples were collected from 30 pigs (one pig per pen) at the end of the test. The results showed that FML supplementation significantly decreased the feed intake to body gain ratio, the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and free fatty acids, and the serum activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (linear or quadratic effects, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and decreased the plasma triglyceride concentration (quadratic, <em>P</em> = 0.07). Increasing FML supplementation increased the average daily gain and serum activities of lipoprotein lipase (linear and quadratic effects, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and adipose triglyceride lipase (linear, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Dietary FML supplementation decreased the adipocyte area in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose (DSA) tissue of finishing pigs (linear, <em>P</em> = 0.05) and increased the adipocyte area in the visceral adipose tissue (quadratic, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Increasing FML supplementation decreased the C20:1 content in DSA, abdominal subcutaneous adipose, and visceral adipose tissues of finishing pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and increased the C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA contents (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The lipid metabolism genes were regulated by the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway, and their expressions differed in different adipose tissues. These findings suggest that FML improved growth performance, regulated lipid metabolism, inhibited fat production, and improved fatty acid distribution in the adipose tissue of finishing pigs, thereby improving pig fat’s nutritional quality and health value.</p>","PeriodicalId":8184,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":" 1193","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}