Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"The Inclusion of Supercritical Fluid Extract of <i>Ulva lactuca</i> in the Diet of Common Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) Enhances Physiological Resilience and Antioxidant Status During Therapeutic-Dose Antibiotic Administration.","authors":"Alina Nicoleta Macoveiu Dobre, Liliana Mihalcea, Dana Moraru, Nicoleta Bălan, Mirela Crețu, Angelica Docan, Iulia Grecu, Cristian Rîmniceanu, Daniela Ionela Istrati, Floricel Maricel Dima, Lorena Dediu","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091171","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread use of antibiotics in aquaculture has raised concerns regarding adverse physiological effects on fish, creating a need for dietary strategies that enhance fish resilience during antibiotic administration and support animal welfare under therapeutic treatment conditions. This study evaluated, for the first time, a phytochemically characterized supercritical fluid extract of <i>Ulva lactuca</i> (Ul-SFE), rich in flavan-3-ols (epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate) and other phenolics, as a dietary supplement in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Juvenile carp (n = 360; 20.20 ± 0.13 g) received a control or Ul-SFE-supplemented diet (50 mg kg^-1) for 10 weeks, followed by 10 days of florfenicol or oxytetracycline exposure at therapeutic doses. Growth, plasma biochemistry, oxidative stress, and innate immunity were assessed. Ul-SFE significantly improved FCR, SGR, and PER during growth. Under antibiotic challenge, both florfenicol and oxytetracycline affected growth performance and biochemical status, though with different predominant patterns: florfenicol exposure was mainly characterized by reduced growth performance, while oxytetracycline exposure was mainly characterized by biochemical disturbance-reduced total protein and globulin, elevated glucose, ALT, and lipid peroxidation, and impaired antioxidant/immune status. Ul-SFE consistently attenuated these effects, reducing malondialdehyde by 24-30% and increasing antioxidant capacity by 5-7%; its protective effect on lysozyme was strongly diet-dependent (Diet × Antibiotic, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ranging from a 20% increase without antibiotics to negligible under oxytetracycline. These findings show Ul-SFE improves feed utilization and confers partial, treatment-dependent resilience against antibiotic-induced stress, supporting its potential as a functional feed additive in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics and Extracellular Vesicles as Redox Modulators in Wound Healing: From Microbial Therapeutics to Engineered Nanotherapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Aline Yen Ling Wang, Ana Elena Aviña, Jerry Tsing-Kai Lin, Yen-Yu Liu, Min Hsuan Lin, Huang-Kai Kao","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091172","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged inflammation, excess oxidative stress, unregulated angiogenesis, and faulty tissue regeneration that are associated with slow wound healing and poor clinical outcomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling deregulation is involved in the pathway of chronic wound pathophysiology, altering redox balance, augmenting the inflammatory response, and inhibiting the cellular response. In this review, a structured literature search and evidence-screening process was used to synthesize evidence on probiotics, EVs, and engineered EVs derived from probiotics in the context of wound healing. Studies suggest that EVs from probiotics may impact redox-sensitive processes of wound healing, including changes associated with Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB signaling, modulation of mitochondrial ROS, macrophage polarization, and repair of the epithelial barrier. Many of these mechanistic links are derived from pathway-based markers or indirect experiments, however, and will need further mechanistic validation. Probiotic-EVs may offer potential advantages over traditional antioxidant delivery and mammalian-EV systems, including being cell-free, compatible with the microbiome, and easy to engineer. Recent progress in synthetic biology, cargo loading, biomaterial-assisted delivery systems, and ROS-responsive platforms may enable engineered probiotic-EVs to serve as programmable redox nanotherapies. However, major issues regarding EV standardization, biosafety, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and clinical validation remain unresolved. Importantly, the evidence for the application of probiotic-derived EVs to wound healing is predominantly preclinical, and there is a lack of direct clinical evidence to date. Collectively, EVs secreted from probiotics might hold potential for chronic wound care and redox-oriented regenerative medicine as a therapeutic platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphingolipid Remodeling and Extracellular Vesicle Signatures Reflect Disease Severity in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy Driven by Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.","authors":"Manuela Moriggi, Lucia Ruggiero, Enrica Torretta, Dario Zoppi, Beatrice Arosio, Chiara Fiorillo, Vincenzo Nigro, Daniele Capitanio, Cecilia Gelfi","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091166","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a progressive and heterogeneous disorder lacking reliable circulating biomarkers for disease monitoring and therapeutic response. We hypothesized that metabolic dysregulation, lipotoxicity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induce sphingolipid remodeling that is reflected in serum and correlates with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed RNA sequencing, differential expression, and pathway analyses on biceps brachii muscle biopsies from mild (<i>n</i> = 9) and severe (<i>n</i> = 5) FSHD patients and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 6). Selected transcripts were validated by OpenArray quantitative PCR. Serum samples from mild (<i>n</i> = 9), severe (<i>n</i> = 13), and control subjects (<i>n</i> = 10) were analyzed by targeted and untargeted LC-MS/MS sphingolipidomics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Severe FSHD exhibited transcriptomic signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, inflammation, and extracellular vesicle biogenesis. RNA-seq revealed activation of the de novo ceramide synthesis pathway, with increased SPTLC1-3, CERS2, CERS5, and DEGS1, reduced SMPD1/4 and SMPDL3A, and dysregulation of cerebroside metabolism. Migrasome/extracellular vesicle markers (TSPAN4, TM4SF1, PIGK, CPQ, ITGA5, and ITGB1) were predominantly upregulated in patients with severe disease. Serum lipidomics showed severity-dependent increases in dihydroceramides, ceramides, sphingomyelins, and dihydrosphingomyelins, while the Cer/HexCer d18:1/18:0 ratio progressively increased with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses identify sphingolipid dysregulation and extracellular vesicle biogenesis as hallmarks of severe FSHD and support circulating sphingolipids as candidate biomarkers for disease severity and therapeutic monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Polyamines and Plant Salinity Tolerance: A Systematic Review, Evidence Map, and Family-Aware Quantitative Synthesis.","authors":"João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro, Toshik Iarley da Silva, Ester Dos Santos Coêlho, Jucilene Jesus Santos, Adriel Sousa Matos Silva, Elaine Conceição Gomes, Pablo Henrique de Almeida Oliveira, Aftab Jamal, Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091165","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity disrupts plant redox balance, ion homeostasis, and water relations, and exogenous polyamines have been widely investigated as potential mitigators of these effects. However, it remains unclear which polyamine-mediated responses are reproducible across independent studies and whether redox protection consistently translates into downstream physiological recovery. We therefore conducted an integrated systematic review, evidence map, and publication-family-aware quantitative synthesis to evaluate the effects of exogenous putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in salt-stressed plants. We systematically searched Scopus and Web of Science through 9 August 2026, and eligible studies compared exogenous-polyamine-treated plants with corresponding salt-stressed controls. The review was not prospectively registered. Of 1093 records, 647 unique records were screened, and 179 reports were assessed in full text, yielding 34 retained reports and 444 complete quantitative contrasts. Multilevel random-effects models estimated reductions of 19.2% in malondialdehyde (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.9-25.1%) and 25.6% in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂; 95% CI, 15.5-34.6%). Superoxide showed a protective mean response but remained uncertain because its 95% CI included the null. In contrast, antioxidant-enzyme responses varied widely across studies, with no consistent cross-family increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), or peroxidase (POD/POX) activity. Conservative independent-family syntheses supported favorable ion balance, modestly higher relative water content, and greater dry biomass, whereas total chlorophyll remained uncertain and net photosynthesis was highly heterogeneous. No clear superiority of putrescine, spermidine, or spermine was detected. Overall, exogenous polyamines most consistently reduced oxidative damage and stabilized ion-water homeostasis, whereas antioxidant-enzyme activity and photosynthetic recovery were more context-dependent. Interpretation is limited by small independent-family counts, incomplete reporting in some studies, and the absence of a formal study-level risk-of-bias assessment. By integrating systematic review, evidence mapping, and family-aware quantitative synthesis, this review provides an evidence-based hierarchy that distinguishes reproducible polyamine-mediated responses from context-dependent outcomes and helps define priorities for future salinity-tolerance research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoids in the Context of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern: From Food Matrix and Bioavailability to Biomarkers and Human Health.","authors":"Giuseppina Augimeri, Mary Fucile, Alberto Vaccarella, Giancarlo Statti, Filomena Conforti, Daniela Bonofiglio","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091164","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mediterranean Diet pattern is characterized by high intake of plant-based foods rich in bioactive nutrients, including carotenoids. This review examines the major dietary carotenoids and xanthophylls characteristic of the Mediterranean food matrix, focusing on their structural diversity, plant biosynthesis, release from the food matrix, bioavailability, and biological redox-modulating activities. The literature was collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to trace the pathway of carotenoids from their accumulation in plant tissues to their potential effects on human health. Culinary processing and the concomitant intake of dietary lipids can enhance carotenoid bioaccessibility by promoting isomerization and facilitating the formation of mixed micelles during digestion. In addition to systemic absorption, noninvasive diagnostic tools, including skin carotenoid measurements by reflectance spectroscopy and macular pigment optical density, provide useful biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake. Carotenoids may contribute to systemic antioxidant and redox regulation by quenching singlet oxygen, scavenging free radicals, and modulating redox-sensitive signaling pathways. Overall, their structural diversity, food-matrix interactions, bioaccessibility, and biological activities support continued investigation of carotenoid-rich foods within the Mediterranean dietary pattern and their associations with human health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Chitosan Hybrid Particles with Shrimp Shell Protein Hydrolysate-EGCG Conjugates for Antioxidant Protection in Lipid Systems.","authors":"Akanksha R Gautam, Soottawat Benjakul, Avtar Singh, Ravindran Muthukumarasamy, Nilesh Nirmal, Saleh Al-Ghamdi, Mohammad Fikry","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091163","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shrimp shell-derived chitosan and protein hydrolysate-epigallocatechin gallate conjugates (SEC) were used to fabricate hybrid particles (C-SEC) at mass ratios of 1:1, 1:5, and 1:10 using an alkali precipitation method. SEC incorporation significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of chitosan particles (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Among the formulations, C-SEC prepared at a ratio of 1:5 (C-SEC-1:5) exhibited the highest antioxidant activities, including DPPH (14.55 mM TE/g) or ABTS (9.80 mM TE/g), or hydroxyl (70.29%) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (10.59 mM TE/g), and metal chelating activity (6.37 mM EE/g). The particle size was markedly reduced from 738 nm for chitosan particles (CP) to 112 nm following incorporation of SEC, indicating the formation of finely dispersed hybrid particles. ¹H NMR analysis confirmed successful molecular integration of SEC into the chitosan matrix through non-covalent interactions. Thermal analyses revealed altered degradation and transition behavior of the hybrid particles. TGA showed that the principal degradation stages shifted to higher temperatures, whereas DSC showed an increase in transition enthalpy from 370.74 to 2449.60 J/g. SEM and TEM images revealed that the C-SEC-1:5 formed porous, interconnected particle networks with rough surfaces. The selected hybrid particles also showed superior inhibition of Cu²⁺-induced lecithin liposome oxidation and β-carotene bleaching compared with CP, demonstrating concentration-dependent protection against lipid oxidation. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of C-SEC-1:5 as an antioxidant-based functional ingredient and bioactive delivery vehicle in food and nutraceutical formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet-Induced Hyperhomocysteinemia in C57BL/6 Mice: Simultaneous Evaluation of Plasma Homocysteine, Methionine, and Cysteine by LC-MS/MS and Assessment of Associated Oxidative Stress in Brain Homogenates.","authors":"Maria Luisa Valle, Christopher Lawrence De Jesus, Bitseat Getaneh, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, James Loveland, Christopher William, Donatello Arienzo, Thomas A Neubert, Agueda Rostagno, Jorge Ghiso","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091162","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a risk factor for cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic dysfunctions in humans, has been recapitulated in murine models by genetic and dietary modifications. The relevance of HHcy in clinical and experimental settings has led to the development of various analytical techniques with varying sensitivity and sample volume requirements. This study uses a fit-for-purpose, small-volume LC-MS/MS workflow to quantify plasma homocysteine (Hcy), methionine (Met), and cysteine (Cys) in a diet-induced HHcy mouse model. Using these assays that overcome limitations imposed by sample availability in small animals, our study evaluated circulating levels of these amino acids in C57BL/6 mice fed a HHcy-inducing diet rich in Met and lacking vitamins B6, B9, and B12. The increased Hcy and decreased Cys plasma concentrations observed in these mice correlated with decreased glutathione concentrations in brain homogenates and concomitant increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme Glutathione-S-Transferase and in the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde. Overall, our work links plasma HHcy to the induction of brain oxidative stress, supporting the role of dietary modifications as complementary therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Citrus</i> Pomace-Derived Plant Complexes Enhance Caco-2 Wound Closure In Vitro and Modulate Selected Probiotic Strains.","authors":"Mariarosaria Ingegneri, Martina Imbesi, Souda Belaid, Marta Mangano, Maria Neve Ombra, Filomena Nazzaro, Antonella Smeriglio, Domenico Trombetta","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091161","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Citrus</i> processing by-products represent a sustainable source of bioactive plant complexes with potential applications in intestinal health. This study investigated the effects of standardized food-grade orange (OE) and lemon (LE) pomace extracts and their simulated gastrointestinal digestates (DIGs) on intestinal epithelial responses and selected probiotic strains. Caco-2 cells were used to assess cytotoxicity, epithelial wound closure, and, in differentiated monolayers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), extracellular levels of SOD2, catalase, Nrf2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β. In parallel, the effects of OE, LE, and their corresponding DIGs on the growth and cell-surface hydrophobicity of four probiotic lactic acid bacteria were evaluated. OE and LE DIGs were non-cytotoxic and promoted epithelial wound closure in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In LPS-challenged monolayers, both DIGs counteracted alterations in extracellular oxidative stress-related proteins and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels without affecting cell viability. OE and LE also produced strain-dependent effects on probiotic growth and cell-surface hydrophobicity, which were modified by gastrointestinal digestion. Overall, these findings extend previous evidence on the intestinal bioactivity of <i>Citrus</i> pomace-derived plant complexes and support their further investigation as sustainable food-grade ingredients for gut health applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Associations of Lipopolysaccharide, Soluble NOX2-Derived Peptide, and Hydrogen Peroxide with Adiposity and Muscularity in Adults on Maintenance Hemodialysis.","authors":"Giovanni Imbimbo, Federica Foti, Thomas Ammann, Maria Grazia Chiappini, Vittoria Cammisotto, Valentina Castellani, Pasquale Pignatelli, Alessio Molfino","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091156","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Endotoxemia and oxidative stress may contribute to adverse body-composition changes in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, but their relationships with adiposity and muscularity remain incompletely defined. We investigated whether the concentrations of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) showed differential associations with bioimpedance-derived body-composition compartments and explored their relationships with normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), a surrogate of protein intake. <b>Methods:</b> In this observational, cross-sectional study, adult patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled at a single center. Serum LPS and sNox2-dp and H₂O₂ concentrations were measured before dialysis. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis; fat mass (FM) was used as an index of adiposity, whereas intracellular water indexed to height squared (ICW/h²) was used as a proxy of muscularity. Associations were examined using Spearman correlation and multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and nPCR. <b>Results:</b> A total of 58 participants were included with a median age of 73 years; 64% were male and mean body mass index was 24.6 ± 4.2 kg/m². LPS correlated with sNox2-dp (rho = 0.420, <i>p</i> = 0.001), whereas sNox2-dp correlated with H₂O₂ (rho = 0.352, <i>p</i> = 0.007); the LPS-H₂O₂ association was borderline (rho = 0.259, <i>p</i> = 0.050). sNox2-dp correlated positively with fat-free mass, total body water, ICW, and ICW/h², whereas LPS correlated with FM (rho = 0.305, <i>p</i> = 0.023). Participants with nPCR > 0.89 g/kg/day had higher LPS concentrations than those with lower nPCR (<i>p</i> = 0.015), and nPCR correlated with ICW/h² (rho = 0.36, <i>p</i> = 0.007). In multivariable analysis, LPS remained independently associated with FM (β = 0.210, <i>p</i> = 0.046). nPCR was positively associated with ICW/h² at the threshold of statistical significance (β = 1.393, <i>p</i> = 0.050), whereas sNox2-dp showed a nonsignificant positive trend (<i>p</i> = 0.060). <b>Conclusions:</b> In maintenance hemodialysis, endotoxemia and NOX2 activation showed differential associations with body composition: LPS with adiposity and sNox2-dp with muscularity. Higher nPCR was associated with both greater muscularity and higher LPS concentrations, suggesting a complex relationship between protein intake, the gut-oxidative-stress axis, and body composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leakage-Aware Machine Learning and Deep Learning Benchmarking of Food Antioxidant Capacity Prediction on the Antioxidant Food Table.","authors":"Erkan Caner Ozkat","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091157","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Antioxidant Food Table is the largest open collection of measured food antioxidant capacity. It covers 3139 products assayed by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method. The table has served mainly as a dietary lookup source and has never been machine-readable or benchmarked. Here it was extracted into a validated open dataset (3135 records, 99.9%). A leakage-aware benchmark of antioxidant capacity prediction from product description and category was then constructed. Eighteen predictors, from naïve baselines to deep networks and fusions, were evaluated under two partitioning regimes with the same five seeds and permutation controls. Since 39.4% of records share a product name, the conventional random split rewards memorization. A learning-free duplicate lookup explained 45% of the apparent <i>k</i>-nearest-neighbor advantage over the category median. In grouped evaluation, ridge regression on term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) features (R2=0.674) outperformed both deep networks. Pretrained word vectors did not close this gap. An equal-weight fusion of all eight models performed best (R2=0.684) with 2.6-fold lower variability. Protocol and representation, rather than architecture, dominated the outcome on this benchmark. The dataset, code, and predictions are released openly.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}