Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"Role and Functions of Irisin: A Perspective on Recent Developments and Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Aurelio Minuti, Ivana Raffaele, Michele Scuruchi, Maria Lui, Claudia Muscarà, Marco Calabrò","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050554","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irisin is a peptide derived from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) and is primarily produced by muscle fibers under the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) during exercise. Irisin has been the subject of extensive research due to its potential as a metabolic regulator and its antioxidant properties. Notably, it has been associated with protective actions within the brain. Despite growing interest, many questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects. This review summarizes recent findings on irisin, highlighting its pleiotropic functions and the biological processes and molecular cascades involved in its action, with a particular focus on the central nervous system. Irisin plays a crucial role in neuron survival, differentiation, growth, and development, while also promoting mitochondrial homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and facilitating autophagy-processes essential for normal neuronal function. Emerging evidence suggests that irisin may improve conditions associated with non-communicable neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and multiple sclerosis. Given its diverse benefits, irisin holds promise as a novel therapeutic agent for preventing and treating neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar Spray of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) Improves Lead (Pb) Resistance in Rice.","authors":"Hang Zhou, Junjie Liu, Ziyang Chen, Jing An, Jingxin Huo, Qing Bu, Tao Su, Liming Zhao, Xuefeng Shen, Yingbin Xue, Gangshun Rao, Naijie Feng, Dianfeng Zheng, Rui Zhang","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050552","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread use of lead (Pb) has led to serious environmental and human health problems worldwide. The application of oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) in alleviating abiotic stress in plants has received extensive attention. In this study, 50 mg·L^-1 CeO₂ NPs can improve Pb resistance and promote rice growth. Specifically, this study observed that CeO₂ NPs increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), but the difference did not reach a significant level. At the same time, CeO₂ NPs upregulated antioxidant metabolites alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol under Pb stress. In addition, CeO₂ NPs upregulated multiple defense response-related genes, such as <i>OsOPR1</i> and <i>OsPR10a</i>; <i>RPR10a</i>, and improved rice carbon flow and energy supply by upregulating sucrose and D-glucose. The results of this study provided technical support for alleviating Pb stress in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea Squirt-Derived Peptide WLP Mitigates OKA-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-like Phenotypes in Human Cerebral Organoid.","authors":"Qiqi Chen, Zhiqiu Wang, Wei Guo, Aiqin Xue, Guohui Bian, Xinhua Guo, Shiya Lu, Pinli Zeng, Hao Li, Xizhi Zhu, Yan Huang, Xiaobo Cen, Qian Bu","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050553","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, poses significant humanistic and economic burdens worldwide. Previously, we identified Trp-Leu-Pro (WLP), a novel antioxidant peptide derived from the sea squirt (<i>Halocynthia roretzi</i>); however, its effects on AD remained unexplored. In this study, we developed a rapid and efficient method to generate AD cerebral organoids with consistent quality using okadaic acid (OKA) exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of WLP on OKA-induced AD pathology in cerebral organoids and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that cerebral organoids exposed to 25 nM OKA successfully recapitulated hallmark AD pathologies, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposits, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and neuronal loss. WLP treatment significantly enhanced cell viability, increased the proportion of neuronal progenitor cells, and reduced Aβ plaques and NFTs in OKA-induced cerebral organoids. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the neuroprotective effects of WLP are primarily mediated through the regulation of synapse-related and oxidative stress pathways. These findings highlight the potential of WLP as a promising nutraceutical candidate for AD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Key Role and Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Exploration Based on Multi-Omics Analysis and Experimental Validation.","authors":"Sijie Zhang, Tianzhi Li, Shiyi Sun, Yujiao Jiang, Yuxin Sun, Yan Meng","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050557","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), characterised by abnormal ventricular thickening, involves complex mechanisms including gene mutations, calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the progression of HCM by mediating cardiomyocyte injury and remodelling. This study systematically analysed HCM transcriptomic data using differential gene expression, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and unsupervised consensus clustering to identify key genes and classify HCM subtypes. Four oxidative stress-related characteristic genes (<i>DUSP1</i>, <i>CCND1</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, and <i>THBS1</i>) were identified using LASSO regression, SVM-RFE, and Random Forest algorithms. Their functional significance was validated by immune infiltration analysis, drug prediction using the cMAP database, and molecular docking. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed their cell-type-specific expression, and in vitro experiments confirmed their role in HCM. These findings provide insights into oxidative stress mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for HCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress and Skin Diseases: The Role of Lipid Peroxidation.","authors":"Federica Li Pomi, Luca Gammeri, Francesco Borgia, Mario Di Gioacchino, Sebastiano Gangemi","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050555","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a biochemical process through which lipids are subjected to a peroxidation reaction in the presence of free radicals. The process can cause alterations in biological membranes and the formation of substances harmful to the body that can form aggregates with proteins and nucleic acids. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are the main products of LPO. These compounds have cytotoxic and genotoxic properties and contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. This research focuses on the correlation between LPO and skin diseases. For some skin diseases, such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia, LPO products have been shown to have a clear role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Lipid aldehydic products like MDA and 4-HNE can enhance inflammation by stimulating pro-inflammatory genes and producing cytokines. Furthermore, these products can stimulate cell death and increase oxidative stress. For other diseases (atopic dermatitis, urticaria, pemphigus, and melanoma), the role of LPO is unclear, even if the levels of LPO biomarkers are elevated in proportion to the severity of the disease. LPO can also be exploited to counteract the proliferation of neoplastic cells. Therefore, enhancing LPO would play an adjuvant role in the therapy of neoplastic diseases such as melanoma. In particular, the therapeutic implication resulting from the role of LPO products in the cytotoxicity induced by photodynamic therapy used for the adjuvant treatment of melanoma could be of interest in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from <i>Kaempferia galanga</i> L.: Integrated Phytochemical Profiling, Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation.","authors":"Siyu Wang, Jianzhan Yang, Lei Cai, Haoxiang Li, Xiaodong Han, Bo Liu, Jianwei Wu","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050551","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Kaempferia galanga</i> L. is well known for its use in medicinal and edible homologous application. Various diseases, including those related to oxidation, are commonly treated with it. However, its antioxidant effect is still lacking systematical study. We aimed to screen the most potential antioxidant fraction of the crude ethanolic extract from <i>K. galanga</i> (KG) and evaluate its antioxidant activity and potential mechanism. The ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract from <i>K. galanga</i> (KGEA) was chosen as the most potent antioxidant activity from all the fractions tested. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to determine 43 compounds in KGEA, and 25 potential bioactive compounds were identified by pharmacokinetic analysis. Network pharmacology revealed 174 overlapping targets of chemical and antioxidant targets, and the key targets were identified. Molecular docking and MD simulation revealed a strong binding affinity between the core compounds and their targets. In tests against DPPH and ABTS, KGEA exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. In H₂O₂-induced cells, KGEA could decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; alleviate mitochondrial damage; promote the increase in antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GSH-Px; and reduce the levels of MDA. Mechanistically, KGEA regulated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways against oxidative damage. Moreover, in H₂O₂-induced zebrafish, KGEA attenuated ROS generation, cell death, lipid peroxidation, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities; it also decreased MDA levels. The antioxidant properties of KGEA were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, and it should be considered as an antioxidant agent for further profound study.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Nutritional and Health-Related Properties of Taralli Through the Use of <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i>: Focus on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties.","authors":"Giusy Rita Caponio, Graziana Difonzo, Marica Troilo, Ilaria Marcotuli, Agata Gadaleta, Grazia Tamma, Maria Letizia Gargano, Fortunato Cirlincione","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050550","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a portion of whole durum wheat semolina was replaced with <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i> powder (PeP) at concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w) to produce two taralli variants, TPE5 and TPE10. The impact of PeP on the technological, chemical, physical, and sensory properties of taralli was evaluated. The functional characteristics of the enriched taralli were assessed employing HCT8 human colon carcinoma cells as the experimental model. The inclusion of PeP in taralli increased total dietary fiber, meeting the \"high fiber\" criteria under Regulation 1924/2006 while also enhancing the total phenol content. The higher fiber and polyphenol content in the enriched samples contributed to a significant reduction in glycemic index and starch hydrolysis. Treatment with PeP-enriched taralli resulted in a notable decrease in intracellular ROS levels in HCT8 cells, demonstrating strong antioxidant potential. Furthermore, TPE5 exerted beneficial effects by reducing inflammation-evidenced by a significant decrease in NFkB phosphorylation at serine 536-and by promoting apoptosis. These effects are likely mediated through the regulation of intracellular oxidative states. Overall, these findings indicate that PeP enrichment enhances the nutritional profile of taralli and provides potential health benefits, reinforcing its role as a valuable functional ingredient.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Therapeutic Effects of <i>Dendropanax morbiferus Lév</i>. Water Leaf Extracts in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Animal Model.","authors":"Dongho Lee, Min Jung Kim, Chang-Soo Cho, Ye Jin Yang, Jin-Kyung Kim, Ryounghoon Jeon, Sang-Hyun An, Kwang Il Park, Kwangrae Cho","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050548","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition known for its symptoms of joint damage and cartilage breakdown. Current treatments frequently result in adverse effects and show restricted efficacy in the long term. <i>Dendropanax morbiferus</i>, a plant recognized for its bioactive properties, demonstrates promise in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the therapeutic properties of <i>Dendropanax morbiferus Lév.</i> water extract (DMWE) in RA through the utilization of in vitro and in vivo models. (2) Methods: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds in DMWE. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical-scavenging assays. The in vitro experiments involved the treatment of CHON-001 cells with DMWE in order to assess its impacts on inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. The impact of DMWE on the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) signaling pathways was also assessed. RA was induced in Balb/c mice who were subsequently treated with varying doses of DMWE to assess its impact on joint morphology, edema, and body weight. (3) Results: DMWE demonstrated substantial antioxidant activity and hindered the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-8 in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. It additionally inhibited the JAK2/STAT pathway and diminished inflammatory responses. Treatment with DMWE in living organisms led to a decrease in joint swelling, improved weight regains, and maintained joint structure, with higher doses exhibiting effects similar to those of the positive control, dexamethasone (Dexa). (4) Conclusions: DMWE was found to have excellent in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In an RA-induced mouse model, DMWE-3 (500 mg/kg BW) was found to effectively treat RA by reducing the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors and preventing joint deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Subsp. <i>lactis</i> LL-1 and <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> LP-16 Influence the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites for Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects in Mice.","authors":"Peng Gao, Yuanyang Nie, Lili Zhao, Jing Zhang, Wupeng Ge","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050547","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study utilized a high-fat diet-induced obese male C57BL/6 mice model to investigate the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> LL-1 and <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> LP-16. A gut microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing, along with measurements of body weight, lipids, inflammation markers, and gut metabolites, revealed that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) significantly reduced body weight, blood lipid levels, and liver oxidative stress. They also enhanced gut microbiota diversity and evenness, potentially by modulating the <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio to limit excess energy absorption. Malondialdehyde (MDA) showed extremely significant positive correlations with <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, and <i>Colidextribacter</i>, and a significant positive correlation with <i>Helicobacter,</i> while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) exhibited opposite trends. Specifically, <i>Muribaculaceae</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> showed negative correlations with MDA levels and positive correlations with SOD and GSH-Px. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) positively correlated with <i>Muribaculaceae</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Mucispirillum</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus,</i> but negatively correlated with <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Colidextribacter</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, and <i>Helicobacter</i>. They increased SCFA levels by promoting beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogens, alleviating obesity and hyperlipidemia. Additionally, they regulated the gut microbiota, decreasing bile acids and long-chain fatty acids while increasing SCFAs, short peptides, and vitamins, thereby improving gut metabolic disorders and enhancing host gut health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Herbal Eye Drops Exhibit Neuroprotective and Intraocular Pressure-Reducing Effects in a Glaucoma Rat Model.","authors":"Tibor Rak, Evelin Patko, Edina Szabo, Alexandra Vaczy, Dorottya Molitor, Dora Reglodi, Adrienne Csutak, Tamas Atlasz","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050549","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Glaucoma is a multifactorial group of diseases characterized by progressive optic neuropathy. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only successfully modifiable risk factor for all forms of glaucoma. However, recent research has highlighted the reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as promising therapeutic targets. In this study, we evaluated the antiglaucomatous effects of a combined herbal extract applied as eye drops in a rat model of glaucoma. (2) Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: healthy controls, glaucomatous animals treated with preservative-free artificial tears, and healthy and glaucomatous groups receiving combined herbal-based eye drops for 8 weeks. Glaucoma was induced through injection of microbeads into the anterior chamber at week 1 and week 3. Before the first injection and at weeks 4 and 8, rats underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinogram (ERG) recordings. Retinal analyses were conducted to assess retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count, vessel density, and markers of neural pathways, oxidative stress, and inflammation. (3) Results: The combination of herbal extracts showed beneficial effects on IOP elevation, and significantly improved ERG responses. Neuroprotective effects were assessed using OCT, immunohistochemistry, and proteomics. Most parameters in herbal eye drop-treated rats were not statistically different from those in healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: Topical administration of plant-based compounds may serve as an effective supportive therapy for ocular hypertension and retinal neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}