Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"Lower Energy-Demanding Extraction of Bioactive Triterpene Acids by Microwave as the First Step towards Biorefining Residual Olive Skin.","authors":"Irene Gómez-Cruz, María Del Mar Contreras, Inmaculada Romero, Eulogio Castro","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101212","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the olive oil industry, a pit fraction is collected from olive pomace and split into a clean pit fraction and a residual olive skin-rich fraction, which does not an industrial application. Therefore, in this work, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was applied to obtain high-value triterpene acids (maslinic acid and oleanolic acid) from this biomass using the renewable solvent ethanol. The response surface methodology was used to gain a deeper understanding of how the solvent (ethanol-water, 50-100% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), time (4-30 min), and temperature (50-120 °C) affect the extraction performance, as well as the energy required for the process. The effect of milling was also studied and the solid-to-liquid ratio was also evaluated, and overall, a good compromise was found at 10% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) using the raw sample (unmilled biomass). The optimised conditions were applied to residual olive skin sourced from various industries, yielding up to 5.1 g/100 g and 2.2 g/100 g dry biomass for maslinic acid and oleanolic acid, respectively. In conclusion, the residual olive skin is a promising natural source of these triterpene acids, which can be extracted using MAE, releasing extracted solids rich in polymeric carbohydrates and lignin that can be valorised under a holistic biorefinery process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant, Nutritional Properties, Microbiological, and Health Safety of Juice from Organic and Conventional 'Solaris' Wine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) Farming.","authors":"Ireneusz Ochmian, Sebastian W Przemieniecki, Magdalena Błaszak, Magdalena Twarużek, Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101214","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the technological parameters, microbiological, and functional properties of juice from Solaris grapes grown under conventional and organic farming systems to assess how these cultivation methods influence juice quality. The one-year study focused on key aspects such as the levels of health-promoting polyphenols, the presence of mycotoxins, and pesticide residues. Organic grapes showed greater bacterial and fungal diversity, with significant differences in dominant genera. <i>Sphingomonas</i> and <i>Massilia</i> were the predominant bacteria across both systems, while <i>Erysiphe</i> was more common in conventional grapes, and <i>Aureobasidium</i> was abundant in both. Despite the presence of genes for mycotoxin production, no mycotoxins were detected in the juice or pomace. Organic juice exhibited significantly higher levels of polyphenols, leading to enhanced antioxidant properties and improved technological characteristics, including lower acidity and higher nitrogen content. However, residues of sulfur and copper, used in organic farming, were detected in the juice, while conventional juice contained synthetic pesticide residues like cyprodinil and fludioxonil. These findings highlight that while organic juice offers better quality and safety in terms of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, it also carries risks related to residues from organic treatments, and conventional juice poses risks due to synthetic pesticide contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox Signaling in Endosomes Using the Example of EGF Receptors: A Graphical Review.","authors":"Dana Maureen Hebchen, Katrin Schröder","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101215","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early endosomes represent first-line sorting compartments or even organelles for internalized molecules. They enable the transport of molecules or ligands to other compartments of the cell, such as lysosomes, for degradation or recycle them back to the membrane by various mechanisms. Moreover, early endosomes function as signaling and scaffolding platforms to initiate or prolong distinct signaling pathways. Accordingly, early endosomes have to be recognized as either part of a degradation or recycling pathway. The physical proximity of many ligand-binding receptors with other membrane-bound proteins or complexes such as NADPH oxidases may result in an interaction of second messengers, like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and early endosomes, that promote the correct recognition of individual early endosomes. In fact, redoxosomes comprise an endosomal subsection of signaling endosomes. One example of such potential interaction is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Here we summarize recent findings on EGFR signaling as a well-studied example for receptor trafficking and <i>trans</i>-activation and illustrate the interplay between cellular and endosomal ROS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Angiotensin II and Oxidative Stress in Radiation-Induced Cataract Formation: Potential for Therapeutic Intervention.","authors":"Vidya P Kumar, Yali Kong, Riana Dolland, Sandra R Brown, Kan Wang, Damian Dolland, David Mu, Milton L Brown","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101207","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-induced cataracts (RICs) represent a significant public health challenge, particularly impacting individuals exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) through medical treatments, occupational settings, and environmental factors. Effective therapeutic strategies require a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying RIC formation (RICF). This study investigates the roles of angiotensin II (Ang II) and oxidative stress in RIC development, with a focus on their combined effects on lens transparency and cellular function. Key mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage to lens proteins and lipids, as well as the impact of Ang II on inflammatory responses and cellular apoptosis. While the generation of ROS from water radiolysis is well established, the impact of Ang II on RICs is less understood. Ang II intensifies oxidative stress by activating type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) on lens epithelial cells, resulting in increased ROS production and inflammatory responses. This oxidative damage leads to protein aggregation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising lens transparency and contributing to cataract formation. Recent studies highlight Ang II's dual role in promoting both oxidative stress and inflammation, which accelerates cataract development. RICs pose a substantial public health concern due to their widespread prevalence and impact on quality of life. Targeting Ang II signaling and oxidative stress simultaneously could represent a promising therapeutic approach. Continued research is necessary to validate these strategies and explore their efficacy in preventing or reversing RIC development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as Biostimulant against Salinity: Improving Antioxidative Defense and Reactive Oxygen Species Balancing in Eggplant Seedlings.","authors":"Muhammad Fasih Khalid, Muhammad Zaid Jawaid, Muddasir Nawaz, Rana Abdul Shakoor, Talaat Ahmed","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101209","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects the agricultural sector and poses a significant threat to sustainable crop production. Nanoparticles (NPs) act as biostimulants and significantly mitigate abiotic stress. In this context, this experiment was designed to assess the effects of foliar application of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles at 200 and 400 ppm on the growth of eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) seedlings under moderate (75 mM) and high (150 mM) salinity stress. The TiO₂-NPs employed were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The seedlings were assessed physiologically, growth-wise, and biochemically. The seedlings were significantly affected by their physiological attributes (Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, NPQ), growth (root length, shoot length, number of leaves, fresh biomass, dry biomass, leaf greenness), antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APx, GR), stress indicators (H₂O₂, MDA), and toxic ion (Na⁺) concentrations. The maximum decrease in physiological and growth attributes in eggplant seedling leaves was observed with no TiO₂-NP application at 150 mM NaCl. Applying TiO₂-NPs at 200 ppm showed significantly less decrease in Fv'/Fm', root length, shoot length, number of leaves, fresh biomass, dry biomass, and leaf greenness. In contrast, there were larger increases in SOD, POD, CAT, APx, GR, and TSP. This led to less accumulation of H₂O₂, MDA, and Na⁺. No significant difference was observed in higher concentrations of TiO₂-NPs compared to the control. Therefore, TiO₂-NPs at 200 ppm might be used to grow eggplant seedlings at moderate and high salinity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Agbadua et al. Oxidized Resveratrol Metabolites as Potent Antioxidants and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. <i>Antioxidants</i> 2022, <i>11</i>, 1832.","authors":"Orinamhe G Agbadua, Norbert Kúsz, Róbert Berkecz, Tamás Gáti, Gábor Tóth, Attila Hunyadi","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101206","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There was an error in the original publication (Section 2 [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular Opacification.","authors":"Chenshuang Li, Weijia Yan, Hong Yan","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101210","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term complication of cataract surgery. Traditionally, the pathogenesis of PCO involves the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs), which undergo transdifferentiation into a myofibroblast phenotype, hyperproliferation, matrix contraction, and matrix deposition. This process is driven by the marked upregulation of inflammatory and growth factors post-surgery. Recently, research on the role of redox environments has gained considerable attention. LECs, which are in direct contact with the aqueous humour after cataract surgery, are subjected to oxidative stress due to decreased levels of reduced glutathione and increased oxygen content compared to contact with the outer fibre layer of the lens before surgery. In this review, we examine the critical role of oxidative stress in PCO formation. We also focus on glutaredoxins (Grxs), which are antioxidative enzymes produced via deglutathionylation, their protective role against PCO formation, and their therapeutic potential. Furthermore, we discuss the latest advancements in PCO therapy, particularly the development of advanced antioxidative pharmacological agents, and emphasise the importance and approaches of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatments in PCO management. In conclusion, this review highlights the significant roles of oxidative stress in PCO, the protective effects of Grxs against PCO formation, and the potential of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies in treating PCO.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NRF2 and Thioredoxin Reductase 1 as Modulators of Interactions between Zinc and Selenium.","authors":"Alina Löser, Maria Schwarz, Anna Patricia Kipp","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101211","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Selenium and zinc are essential trace elements known to regulate cellular processes including redox homeostasis. During inflammation, circulating selenium and zinc concentrations are reduced in parallel, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. Accordingly, we modulated the zinc and selenium supply of HepG2 cells to study their relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HepG2 cells were supplied with selenite in combination with a short- or long-term zinc treatment to investigate intracellular concentrations of selenium and zinc together with biomarkers describing their status. In addition, the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NRF2 was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zinc not only increased the nuclear translocation of NRF2 after 2 to 6 h but also enhanced the intracellular selenium content after 72 h, when the cells were exposed to both trace elements. In parallel, the activity and expression of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) increased, while the gene expression of other selenoproteins remained unaffected or was even downregulated. The zinc effects on the selenium concentration and TXNRD activity were reduced in cells with stable NRF2 knockdown in comparison to control cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This indicates a functional role of NRF2 in mediating the zinc/selenium crosstalk and provides an explanation for the observed unidirectional behavior of selenium and zinc.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual Role of Amyloid Beta-Peptide in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Unveiling Their Connections in Alzheimer's Disease Etiopathology.","authors":"Hugo Fanlo-Ucar, Pol Picón-Pagès, Víctor Herrera-Fernández, Gerard Ill-Raga, Francisco J Muñoz","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101208","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and it is currently the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. It is characterized by the extracellular aggregation of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) into oligomers and fibrils that cause synaptotoxicity and neuronal death. Aβ exhibits a dual role in promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. This review aims to unravel the intricate connection between these processes and their contribution to AD progression. The review delves into oxidative stress in AD, focusing on the involvement of metals, mitochondrial dysfunction, and biomolecule oxidation. The distinct yet overlapping concept of nitro-oxidative stress is also discussed, detailing the roles of nitric oxide, mitochondrial perturbations, and their cumulative impact on Aβ production and neurotoxicity. Inflammation is examined through astroglia and microglia function, elucidating their response to Aβ and their contribution to oxidative stress within the AD brain. The blood-brain barrier and oligodendrocytes are also considered in the context of AD pathophysiology. We also review current diagnostic methodologies and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby offering potential treatments for halting or slowing AD progression. This comprehensive synthesis underscores the pivotal role of Aβ in bridging oxidative stress and inflammation, advancing our understanding of AD and informing future research and treatment paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Lyophilized Milk Kefir-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying System on Cognitive Enhancement via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.","authors":"Mai M Anwar, Amira A Boseila, Abeer A Mabrouk, Abdelfattah A Abdelkhalek, Amr Amin","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101205","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammatory bowel disorders (IBDs) are characterized by altered intestinal permeability, prompting inflammatory, oxidative stress, and immunological factors. Gut microbiota disorders impact brain function via the bidirectional gut-brain axis, influencing behavior through inflammatory cascades, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter levels. This study highlights the potential effect of integrating lyophilized milk kefir alone and lyophilized milk kefir as solid carriers loaded with a self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension (SNESNS) of licorice extract on an induced chronic IBD-like model in rats. Licorice-SNESNS was prepared by the homogenization of 30 mg of licorice extract in 1 g of the selected SNEDDS (30% Caraway oil, 60% Tween 20, and 10% propylene glycol (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)). Licorice-SNESNS was mixed with milk kefir and then freeze-dried. Dynamic TEM images and the bimodal particle size curve confirmed the formation of the biphasic nanosystems after dilution (nanoemulsion and nanosuspension). Daily oral administration of lyophilized milk kefir (100 mg/kg) loaded with SNESNS (10 mg/kg Caraway oil and 1 mg/kg licorice) restored normal body weight and intestinal mucosa while significantly reducing submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration in induced rats. Importantly, this treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to lyophilized milk kefir alone by leading to a more significant alleviation of neurotransmitter levels and improved memory functions, thereby addressing gut-brain axis disorders. Additionally, it normalized fecal microbiome constituents, inflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress in examined tissues and serum. Moreover, daily administration of kefir-loaded SNESNS normalized the disease activity index, alleviated histopathological changes induced by IBD induction, and partially restored the normal gut microbiota. These alterations are associated with improved cognitive functions, attributed to the maintenance of normal neurotransmitter levels and the alleviation of triggered inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}