Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"Interplay of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Oxidative Stress Hydroperoxides with Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation and Iron Status According to Oral Contraception Use.","authors":"Sabina Cauci, Cinzia Buligan, Patrizia Nacci, Lorenza Driul, Francesco Curcio, Gianluca Tell, Maria Pia Francescato","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040523","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the interplay between systemic total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress (OS) (lipid hydroperoxides), inflammation, iron status, and oral contraception (OC) use in 182 healthy 23-year-old women (76 OC-users, and 106 non-OC-users). In all women, blood TAC (FORD units) values were significantly inversely associated with OS (FORT units), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and transferrin; and positively associated with transferrin saturation (TfS%). No significant associations were observed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, serum iron, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), sTfR/log(ferritin) ratio (sTfR-F index), ferritin, folate, uric acid, or creatinine. OS hydroperoxides were positively associated with hsCRP and transferrin, and inversely associated with TfS%. sTfR was positively correlated with hydroperoxides in non-OC-users and with folate in all women and non-OC-users, but was not associated with hsCRP in any group. The combined abnormal condition of low TAC and elevated OS (<i>n</i> = 71) was significantly more frequent among OC-users (OR = 39.0), women with hsCRP ≥ 3 mg L^-1 (OR = 10.1), transferrin ≥ 330 mg dL^-1 (OR = 6.58), and smokers (OR = 3.76). OC use modulated the TAC/OS balance and inflammation. Low TAC and elevated OS may impact health status. Enhanced TAC/OS knowledge may increase awareness of effects of OC use among fertile-age women. Ferritin was independent of TAC/OS status and OC use, supporting its reliability as an iron biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Protection Against Parkinson's Disease by Ergothioneine-Nature's Multifactorial Neuroprotectant.","authors":"Teddy J W Tng, Irwin K Cheah, Barry Halliwell, Kah-Leong Lim","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040519","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of neuroprotective nutraceuticals as a strategy against neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) has gained considerable traction in recent years. In this review, we highlight ergothioneine (ET)-a naturally occurring thiol/thione derivative abundant in mushrooms-as a promising candidate, given its long half-life, blood-brain barrier penetration, and high bioavailability. Numerous population studies have linked low blood ET levels with increased risk and progression of neurological and other age-related disorders in humans, suggesting that dietary ET may confer neuroprotective benefits. Supporting this, several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ET treatment in reducing PD-associated molecular damage across various pre-clinical models such as <i>C. elegans</i>, <i>Drosophila</i>, rodent models and human neuronal cultures, leading to marked improvements in disease phenotypes. Here, we summarize some of the proposed mechanisms by which ET may exert neuroprotection in PD, including the reduction of protein aggregation, enhancement of mitochondrial function, mitigation of oxidative stress, and attenuation of apoptosis and neuroinflammation. We also highlight recent clinical trials demonstrating the safety and potential efficacy of ET and propose future research to facilitate the translation of ET into the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Functional <i>HMOX2</i> Genetic Variant Is Associated with Resting Diastolic and Mean Arterial Pressure in Healthy Humans.","authors":"Vincent Beauchamps, Julianne Touron, Danielle Gomez-Merino, Adrien Lagraniere, Carine Malle, Marie-Claire Erkel, Damien Léger, Mounir Chennaoui, Fabien Sauvet, Pierre A Fabries","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040518","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basal blood pressure (BP) is partly determined by systemic vascular resistance, which is modulated by vasoactive pathways, including gaseous messengers. Carbon monoxide (CO), continuously generated by the constitutive enzyme heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) encoded by <i>HMOX2</i>, promotes vascular smooth muscle relaxation and may contribute to interindividual variability in resting BP. The functional single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4786504_T>C has been associated with higher <i>HMOX2</i> expression in C-allele carriers, providing a plausible biological link between genetic variation in the HO-2/CO pathway and vascular redox signaling. We investigated this association in forty young, healthy, normotensive adults studied under controlled laboratory conditions during a 4-day sleep deprivation protocol, with repeated standardized daytime BP measurements (478 observations). Linear mixed-effects models were adjusted for major physiological and behavioral covariates. T-allele carriers (C/T + T/T) exhibited higher diastolic BP (β = +6.08 mmHg, 95%CI [1.32-10.84], <i>p</i> = 0.017) and mean arterial pressure (β = +5.28 mmHg, 95%CI [0.28-10.29], <i>p</i> = 0.046) than C/C homozygotes, with no effect on systolic BP or heart rate. The association remained consistent across sensitivity and additive genetic models. This hypothesis-generating study provides preliminary evidence in humans, albeit limited by sample size, of a link between a functional <i>HMOX2</i> variant and resting BP, consistent with a possible contribution of constitutive HO-2 activity to BP regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Standardized Onion Peel-Derived Bioactive Ingredient Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics and Autophagy in HepG2 Cells.","authors":"Ilaria Di Gregorio, Vincenzo Migliaccio, Maria D'Elia, Rita Celano, Valentina Santoro, Anna Lisa Piccinelli, Mariateresa Russo, Luca Rastrelli, Lillà Lionetti","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040513","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onion peel represents a valuable food by-product rich in bioactive phenolic compounds. Building on previous phytochemical investigations, an onion peel extract from the <i>Rossa</i><i>di Tropea</i> variety was developed as a standardized bioactive ingredient (OPI-T), defined by flavonol (quercetin and its glycosylated and oxidized derivatives) and anthocyanin (cyanidin derivatives) markers, ensuring batch-to-batch consistency, and evaluated for its potential against hepatic steatosis. The present study aimed to assess the protective effects of OPI-T against palmitate-induced steatosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, a widely used in vitro model of hepatic lipid accumulation. An onion peel extract derived from the <i>Ramata di Montoro</i> variety was included as a natural negative reference to account for varietal variability. HepG2 cells were co-treated with palmitate (500 µM) and OPI-T (25 or 50 µg/mL). Lipid accumulation was evaluated by Oil Red O and BODIPY staining, while oxidative stress was assessed by the DCF assay. Mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy were investigated through the analysis of key protein markers, including MFN2, DRP1, SQSTM1/p62 and LC3 II/I. OPI-T significantly attenuated palmitate-induced lipid accumulation (-18%) and reduced intracellular ROS production (-75%), while modulating mitochondrial dynamics toward a reduced fission phenotype with a marked increase in the MFN2/DRP1 ratio (1.66) and improving autophagy flux. In contrast, the <i>Ramata di Montoro</i> variety showed weaker or inconsistent effects under the same experimental conditions. Overall, these findings support the functional validation of a standardized onion peel-derived ingredient, highlighting its potential application as a bioactive component for functional food or nutraceutical development targeting hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Status as an Indicator of Gonadal Maturation in Three Species of Mediterranean Sea Urchin.","authors":"Pedro A Álvarez, Alberto Coll, María Elena Díaz-Casado, Félix Hidalgo, Eva E Rufino-Palomares, Amalia Pérez-Jiménez, Cristina E Trenzado","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040516","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sea urchins are invertebrates that play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by controlling benthic algal communities and whose natural populations are being affected by different biotic and abiotic factors. Triggering physiological processes promotes the activation of certain metabolic pathways, so oxidative status markers could be a suitable tool to asses maturation stage in which natural populations are. Antioxidant status of three species of Mediterranean Sea urchins, <i>A. lixula</i>, <i>P. lividus</i> and <i>S. granularis,</i> was evaluated in gonadal and digestive tissue. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s-transferase (GST), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and lipid peroxidation were assayed. Significant differences were found among species, displaying in general higher antioxidant activity in <i>A. lixula</i> and <i>S. granularis</i> compared to <i>P. lividus</i>. A significant effect of sex was observed with females exhibiting a higher gonadosomatic index and higher levels of lipid peroxidation mainly in <i>A. lixula</i>. These results seem to be related to metabolic fluctuations associated with the gonadal maturation stage. Changes in digestive tissue were less evident, but some differences among species could be related to triggered digestive processes for replenishment of energy reserves in gonads. Oxidative status can be a useful complementary tool to evaluate gonadal condition in species of sea urchin from the same habitat. Integrative physiological and biochemical studies will contribute to the knowledge of invertebrate physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ScFv T1 Protects Against Mitochondrial Damage of SH-SY5Y Cells Caused by Extracellular Tau Aggregates.","authors":"Zongbao Wang, Xinyi Jiang, Jingye Lin, Ruiheng An, Yulian He, Sen Li","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040515","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria are essential organelles that perform irreplaceable functions in neurons. The degeneration of neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with mitochondrial damage, and Tau pathology represents a significant pathogenic factor in AD. However, the relationship between Tau and mitochondrial dysfunction during neuronal degeneration remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms by which extracellular Tau aggregates induce neuronal mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. The results showed that extracellular Tau aggregates lead to structural damage of mitochondria in SH-SY5Y cells and disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis. Extracellular Tau aggregates can also cause mitochondrial oxidative stress and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. Concurrently, extracellular Tau aggregates promote neuronal death through an increase in cytochrome C, mtDNA leakage and activation of the cGAS/STING pathway. We also explored the effects of a single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv T1) and found that scFv T1 alleviated mitochondrial damage and dysfunction by inhibiting the formation of Tau aggregates. These findings suggest that targeting Tau pathology may be crucial to address neuronal mitochondrial impairment and that reduction of the toxicity associated with extracellular Tau aggregates could help slow Tau pathology progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption, Neuroinflammation, and Potential Antioxidant-Based Treatments in Metabolic Diseases.","authors":"Jazmín Carro-Rodríguez, Gabriela Ibáñez-Cervantes, Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Iván Ignacio-Mejía, Exsal Manuel Albores-Méndez, Blanca Rosalba Pardo-Pacheco, Verónica Fernández-Sánchez, Ana María Balboa-Verduzco, Cecilia Adame, Eleazar Lara-Padilla, Javier Mancilla-Ramírez, Roberto Medina-Santillán, Macarena Montoya-Olvera, Alfredo Leonardo Cortes-Algara, Saúl Gómez-Manzo, Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa, Heliodoro Moya-Amaya, Cindy Bandala","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040522","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic diseases are strongly associated with chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which disrupt the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis and promote neuroinflammation. Dysbiosis favors the release of proinflammatory metabolites, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), increasing intestinal permeability and triggering systemic immune responses that reach the central nervous system (CNS) through a weakened blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review summarizes current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking the MGB axis, metabolic disorders, and neuroinflammation, as well as the therapeutic potential of antioxidants. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect and included original research articles, reviews, clinical trials, and meta-analyses related to microbiota, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant interventions. Evidence indicates that dysbiosis exacerbates metabolic dysfunction by activating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathways, while excessive ROS production impairs mitochondrial function, neuronal survival, and cognitive processes. Antioxidant strategies, including polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, vitamins C and E, and probiotics, can restore microbial diversity, reinforce intestinal and BBB integrity, and modulate oxidative and inflammatory signaling. In conclusion, supplements and bacteria with antioxidant properties show promising therapeutic effects by targeting oxidative stress mechanisms involved in metabolic diseases and their pathological consequences, such as dysbiosis and neuroinflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Bhattarai et al. Deinoxanthin Recovers H₂O₂-Stimulated Oxidative Complications of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells and Protects Mice from Irradiation-Mediated Impairments. <i>Antioxidants</i> 2025, <i>14</i>, 1180.","authors":"Govinda Bhattarai, Sung-Ho Kook, Saroj Kumar Shrestha, Jeong-Hwan Park, Shankar Rijal, Gyeongho Tae, Doyoung Hwang, Seung-Moon Park, Jeong-Chae Lee, Young-Mi Jeon","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040514","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13114023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosacetalin (1,1-Diethoxyethane) Prolongs Survival and Alleviates Cachexia in the NSG Mice Bearing Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells.","authors":"Dhiraj Kumar Sah, Thang Nguyen Huu, Jin Myung Choi, Vu Hoang Trinh, Hyun Joong Yoon, Seung-Rock Lee","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040521","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroblastoma remains a formidable pediatric malignancy characterized by profound metabolic plasticity and limited therapeutic responsiveness in high-risk disease. Emerging evidence positions the interplay between Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the metabolic sentinel AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a critical regulator of tumor metabolic stress and apoptotic susceptibility, with additional implications in the systemic pathology of Cancer Cachexia. Building on our previous work demonstrating that 1,1-Diethoxyethane (1,1-DEE; Biosacetalin), a volatile aroma compound inhibits mitochondrial complex I, induces ROS production, and activates AMPK-PGC1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis accompanying enhancement of aerobic respiration, leading to anti-Warburg effect. We identify 1,1-DEE as a previously unrecognized metabolic modulator with potent antitumor activity. 1,1-DEE triggers ROS-induced AMPK activation, leading to apoptotic elimination of neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), robust suppression of tumor growth, and significant prolongation of survival (median survival 77 days) in tumor-bearing NSG mice. Strikingly, 1,1-DEE simultaneously alleviates cancer-associated cachexia by preserving body weight. Mechanistically, our findings reveal a ROS-AMPK-centered signaling axis through which 1,1-DEE integrates tumor-selective cytotoxicity with systemic metabolic protection, highlighting a unified therapeutic strategy for targeting both tumor progression and cachexia in neuroblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13114220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Evaluation of Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i>) Juice Byproducts as Dietary Additives in Red Seabream (<i>Pagrus major</i>): Effects on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Response, Immunity, and Resistance to <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>.","authors":"Ki-Tae Kim, Tae Hoon Lee, Hwa Yong Oh, Da Ye Kang, Do Hyun Kwon, Young Wook Kim, Bo Seong Gu, Dona Thilini Udarika Samaraweera, Hee Sung Kim","doi":"10.3390/antiox15040517","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15040517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the potential of pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i>) juice byproducts (PJB) as a functional dietary additive for juvenile red seabream (<i>Pagrus major</i>). Four experimental diets were formulated to contain various levels of PJB (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 g/kg) and fed to fish with an initial body weight of 7.0 ± 0.01 g for 8 weeks. Growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, whole-body composition, plasma biochemical parameters, antioxidant responses, immune parameters, and resistance to <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> infection were evaluated. Fish fed the diet containing 2.5 g/kg PJB exhibited significantly higher final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate compared with the control group and those with higher PJB doses, whereas feed intake, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly elevated in the PJB2.5 group, whereas amylase activity remained unchanged. Whole-body proximate composition and plasma biochemical parameters, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, glucose, and total protein, were not significantly influenced by dietary PJB supplementation. Dietary inclusion of PJB at 2.5 g/kg also significantly enhanced plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, while catalase activity was elevated in fish fed the PJB2.5 and PJB5 diets. Innate immune responses were also stimulated, with significantly higher serum lysozyme activity and interleukin-1 levels observed in fish fed the PJB2.5 diet. Following experimental challenge with <i>E. tarda</i>, fish fed diets containing 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg PJB exhibited significantly higher cumulative survival than the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PJB at 2.5 g/kg improved growth performance, digestive capacity, antioxidant status, innate immune responses, and disease resistance in juvenile <i>P. major</i> without adverse physiological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13113840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}