Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"Differential ROS Accumulation, Antioxidant Defense, and Physiological Adaptation in Two <i>Rosa rugosa</i> Cultivars Under Sustained Salt Stress.","authors":"Sawaira Ashraf, Muhammad Zahid Ashraf, Zhonghua Bian, Humera Ashraf, Waqar Ahmed, Baohe Miao, Xinxin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091218","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt stress is a major abiotic constraint that limits plant growth by inducing oxidative stress, disrupting photosynthetic processes, and damaging cellular membranes. Although <i>Rosa rugosa</i> is considered relatively tolerant to adverse environments, differences in antioxidant defense and physiological responses among its cultivars under sustained salt stress remain insufficiently understood. Comparative evaluation of these responses is important for identifying salt-tolerant germplasm and understanding stress-adaptation mechanisms. In this study, two <i>R. rugosa</i> cultivars, Siji and Fenghua, were subjected to irrigation treatments with solutions containing 0, 50, 100, or 150 mM NaCl for 28 days under controlled conditions. Morphological traits, salt injury, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, ROS accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation were measured to assess cultivar-specific differences in salt-stress responses. Salt stress caused concentration-dependent growth inhibition, increased salt injury, and reduced chlorophyll content, while oxidative-stress responses differed between the two cultivars, with stronger adverse effects observed in Fenghua. Siji maintained better growth performance, higher fresh and dry mass of sampled leaves, greater chlorophyll retention, better maintenance of several osmolytes, and stronger antioxidant enzyme activities under the higher NaCl treatments. In contrast, Fenghua showed greater ROS accumulation and higher MDA under the higher NaCl treatments, which are consistent with greater oxidative stress and membrane lipid peroxidation. Exploratory correlation and principal component analyses further showed that antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, chlorophyll retention, and reduced oxidative damage were closely associated with salt tolerance in Siji. These results indicate that greater antioxidant capacity, osmotic adjustment, and membrane protection were associated with the superior salt-stress performance of 'Siji' compared with 'Fenghua'. The study identifies Siji as a promising <i>R. rugosa</i> candidate for further salt-tolerance evaluation and provides useful physiological and biochemical indicators for salt-tolerance screening in ornamental rose breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermochemical Valorization of Silkworm Feeding Waste: Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of the Pyrolysis-Derived Liquid Fraction.","authors":"Halil Karan, Aybeniz Yıldırım, Fırat Yılmaz, İnanç Özgen, Ercan Aydoğmuş, Abdulkadir Gül","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091213","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silkworm-rearing residues are an underused biomass resource that can be converted into value-added products. In this study, a condensable liquid product (SWP-Liq) was produced from these residues by pyrolysis at 325 ± 5 °C and evaluated for its chemical composition and in vitro biological activities. SWP-Liq yielded phenolic-, flavonoid-, and triterpenoid-equivalent values of 218.47 ± 22.40 mg GAE/g, 79.13 ± 3.55 mg QE/g, and 55.54 ± 6.15 mg EE/g, respectively. The ABTS•⁺ assay showed a higher radical-scavenging response than DPPH, while Fe³⁺- and Cu²⁺-reducing activities were also observed. SWP-Liq inhibited 5-LOX with an IC₅₀ of 33.05 ± 1.10 µg/mL, whereas α-glucosidase inhibition was weaker. Antibacterial activity against all four tested bacterial species was observed at 8 mg/mL but not at 4 mg/mL. Targeted LC-MS/MS quantified five phenolic constituents, with <i>p</i>-coumaric acid (1599.71 µg/g), chlorogenic acid (871.43 µg/g), and ferulic acid (285.50 µg/g) being the most abundant. Overall, these findings support the further investigation of silkworm feeding waste as a feedstock for thermochemical valorization into chemically and biologically evaluable bio-based fractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing Pimozide as a Geroprotector: Lifespan Extension via SKN-1 Activation and Collagen Remodeling in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.","authors":"Yuhong Huang, Meijing Wang, Yiming Zhou, Jiali Liu, Lili Ni, Ya Tan, Mengting Zhang, Jiangpeng Huang, Guolin Li, Fang Wei","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091217","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is a major risk factor for chronic diseases, driving an urgent need for effective geroprotectors. Repurposing psychotropic agents offers an efficient strategy to accelerate anti-aging therapeutics development. In this study, we investigated the effects of pimozide (a diphenylbutylpiperidine-class antipsychotic) on aging in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that 0.1 μM pimozide significantly extends nematode lifespan, increasing mean, median, and maximum lifespans by 44.3%, 50.0%, and 39.8%, respectively. Furthermore, pimozide improves healthspan, as evidenced by reduced age-related lipofuscin accumulation, preserved locomotor function, and decreased paralysis incidence. Moreover, pimozide-treated nematodes showed enhanced resistance to heat, ultraviolet and oxidative stress, concomitant with reduced endogenous reactive oxygen species levels. Transcriptomic profiling and biochemical validation reveal that pimozide markedly upregulates collagen gene expression and increases hydroxyproline content, indicating enhanced collagen synthesis. Mechanistically, pimozide promotes the nuclear localization of SKN-1, and its beneficial effects on lifespan extension and collagen synthesis are SKN-1-dependent, as these effects are abolished in <i>skn-1</i> mutants. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that pimozide promotes longevity and healthspan by activating <i>skn-1</i>, which is accompanied by enhanced collagen synthesis, providing a preclinical proof of concept for its potential repurposing as a geroprotector.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiny but Mighty: A Low Dose of Standardized Dry Grape Extract Potentiates Antioxidant Defenses in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Paul Engler, Sekhou Cisse, Arkadiusz Matuszewski, Sławomir Jaworski, Agata Lange, Damian Bień, Patrycja Kostusiak, Anna Zalewska, Jakub Urban, Monika Michalczuk, Marta Mendel, Urszula Latek, Joanna Polak, Mohammed El Amine Benarbia","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091216","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress can impair poultry health and performance, underscoring the importance of enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses as a nutritional strategy. Although plant-derived polyphenols have shown antioxidant potential, their efficacy remains inconsistent owing to variability in extract composition and the frequent evaluation of doses exceeding those authorized for commercial use. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with a standardized dry grape extract (SDGE, Nor-Grape^®, Nor-Feed, France) at an authorized inclusion level (30 mg/kg feed) on growth performance and antioxidant status in broiler chickens under commercial production conditions. A total of 756 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to a control diet (CTL, n = 392) or the same diet supplemented with grape extract (NG, n = 364) for 35 days. Growth performance was recorded throughout this study, and blood samples collected on days 11 and 35 were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and the activities of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Compared with controls, NG birds exhibited greater final body weight (+71.9 g; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and improved FCR during the finisher phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementation significantly enhanced systemic antioxidant capacity and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities while reducing lipid peroxidation, indicating improved oxidative status. These findings demonstrate that SDGE supplementation at commercially authorized inclusion levels effectively enhances antioxidant defenses and improves production performance in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering a Redox-Responsive Bimolecular Prodrug for Targeted Gastric Cancer Combination Therapy: Design, Synthesis, and In Vivo Evaluation.","authors":"Chao Wang, Yutao Xiu, Yujing Zhang, Jiazhen Xu, Yanhong Wang, Dongming Xing","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091214","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combination chemotherapy often suffers from asynchronous pharmacokinetics and off-target toxicity. To address this, we designed a novel, unreported engineered prodrug-a redox-responsive bimolecular prodrug (CA-4-Gefitinib)-by engineering a disulfide bond as a cleavable linker to covalently conjugate the tubulin inhibitor combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and the EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib. This molecular-level prodrug design enables tumor-selective drug activation in high-glutathione environments. This prodrug exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and potent antiproliferative activity against SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells, with significantly improved selectivity over normal cells (safety index of 98). Mechanistically, this engineered prodrug disrupted microtubule polymerization, induced G2/M arrest, suppressed ERK signaling, and promoted apoptosis. The prodrug's pharmacokinetic profile showed prolonged circulation and reduced systemic exposure to free CA-4, indicating favorable biodistribution. In a murine xenograft model, this prodrug demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy and markedly reduced systemic toxicity compared to the combination of free drugs. Our work presents a rational prodrug design strategy-a redox-responsive drug-drug conjugate prodrug-that synchronizes drug delivery, enhances tumor targeting, and maximizes synergistic efficacy, offering a promising platform for advanced cancer combination therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive Compound Recovery from Apple Pomace by Aqueous Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Machine Learning Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization.","authors":"Biljana Lončar, Milena Terzić, Aleksandra Cvetanović Kljakić, Mirjana Petronijević, Sanja Panić, Jelena Arsenijević, Gokhan Zengin, Slavica Ražić","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091215","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apple pomace represents a sustainable source of phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant potential. This study investigated the recovery of water-extractable bioactive constituents from apple pomace using aqueous ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with biochemical profiling and machine learning-based modelling. Extraction conditions were varied according to time (10-30 min), temperature (25-75 °C), and solvent-to-solid ratio (10-20 mL/g). The obtained extracts were evaluated for total phenolic content (TP), total flavonoid content (TF), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, metal chelating, and phosphomolybdenum assays), and enzyme inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. TP and TF ranged from 4.70 to 9.97 mg GAE/g and 0.21-0.79 mg RE/g, respectively, while antioxidant assays demonstrated substantial variation depending on extraction conditions. Strong correlations (r = 0.827-0.945, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were observed between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Artificial neural networks, random forests, support vector machines, and a hybrid ensemble model were applied to predict extraction outcomes, with predictive performance varying substantially among biochemical responses and modelling approaches. Multi-objective optimization using the NSGA-II formulation identified a representative Pareto compromise at approximately 15.1 min, 25.7 °C, and a solvent-to-solid ratio of 13.7 mL/g, balancing desirable biochemical responses with processing requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Extract Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis Induced by Acute Hypoxia via the Nrf2/Keap1 Pathway in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>).","authors":"Kaiwen You, Yixuan Li, Wanqing Zhong, Jie Yu, Yamei Wu, Yuqi Guo, Haoyang Liu, Haiping Xie, Kai Yuan, Yihong Chen, Lei Wang","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091207","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the hypoxic environment caused by global warming and intensive aquaculture process, fish are susceptible to oxidative damage and death. <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> extract (EUE) has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether EUE can mitigate hypoxia-induced negative effects remains uninvestigated in fish. This study investigated the effect of 0 and 1.0 g/kg EUE on acute hypoxia-induced damage in largemouth bass and its potential mechanisms. The results showed that EUE alleviated the deterioration of plasma activities (ALT and AST) induced by acute hypoxic stress, decreased the number of macrophages and increased the total number of blood cells. EUE was effective in reducing the level of apoptosis and the content of ROS, Ca²⁺, and NO in blood cells. Additionally, EUE alleviated liver tissue injury caused by acute hypoxic stress, which could be associated with increased total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px). Furthermore, EUE up-regulated the expression levels of <i>Nrf2</i> and <i>CAT</i>, activated <i>XBP1</i> and <i>IRE</i> expression and down-regulated <i>GRP78</i> expression, relieving the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The down-regulation of <i>Caspase3</i> and <i>Caspase9</i> is evidence that EUE inhibited apoptosis in acute hypoxic stress. In summary, EUE reduced oxidative damage, ER stress, and apoptosis caused by hypoxic stress via the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in largemouth bass. This study presents a part of the theoretical foundation for the EUE to resist damage caused by hypoxic stress, thereby establishing a basis for sustainable development in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha in Male Reproductive Health and Oxidative Stress: Stromal Homeostasis, Injury, and Research Perspectives.","authors":"Eun-A Ko, Jeong Seok Hwa, Dawon Kang","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091208","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress is a well-recognized contributor to male reproductive dysfunction, yet discussion of this mechanism has focused almost exclusively on sperm damage. This focus overlooks the somatic and stromal networks that support testicular development, steroidogenesis, tissue architecture, and erectile function. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) is expressed in heterogeneous interstitial and progenitor-enriched populations and has established roles in testicular development. This narrative review examines the evidence on PDGFRα in male reproductive tissues and considers the potential relevance of redox mechanisms identified predominantly in other organ systems. Genetic studies show that <i>Pdgfa</i> deficiency impairs the postnatal establishment of the adult Leydig-cell population, whereas <i>Pdgfra</i> deficiency disrupts fetal testis cord organization and Leydig-cell differentiation. Studies of the adult testis document receptor localization and, in cell-based models, downstream signaling capacity. Preclinical work has further identified PDGFRα-positive cavernosal fibroblasts associated with vascular remodeling in erectile dysfunction, although a receptor-specific function for these cells remains unproven. We propose that PDGFR-associated redox signaling may shape stromal responses to injury in the testis and penis; however, direct evidence for this mechanism in male reproductive tissue is currently lacking. Testing this hypothesis will require cell-resolved measurements of receptor phosphorylation and localized reactive oxygen species, together with lineage-restricted, receptor-specific perturbation. Establishing whether such a pathway exists could open a mechanistic link between oxidative stress and stromal, rather than purely germ-cell, contributions to male reproductive dysfunction-with implications for both testicular endocrine failure and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidants as a Link Between Diabetes and Potential Plant-Based Therapies.","authors":"Alina Kuryłowicz, Leszek Dobrowolski, Monika Słupecka-Ziemilska, Zuzanna Kościów, Marta Kuczeriszka","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091206","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis and advancement of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications are heavily driven by oxidative stress (OS). It happens when the body produces excessive amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). This causes cell damage and leads to chronic health issues, prompting scientific interest in antioxidant-based treatments. In the context of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, the search for new natural bioactive compounds is of particular importance. Within the realm of traditional healthcare, Ayurveda commands significant scientific interest. Botanical materials in the Ayurvedic tradition frequently demonstrate a wide array of physiological benefits, including (among others) hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects. Because numerous contemporary medications trace their origins back to natural compounds-with metformin serving as a primary example-investigating these traditional botanicals could be instrumental in identifying novel pharmacological treatments. This review focuses on three traditionally used for diabetes: bitter melon (<i>Momordica charantia</i>), gurmar (<i>Gymnema sylvestre</i>), and jambolan (<i>Syzygium cumini</i>). Their therapeutic properties-such as antioxidant, immuno-modulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects-stem from diverse phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, polypeptides, polysaccharides, saponins and sterols. Together, their overlapping effects create a powerful, unified approach to managing diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shengmai Yin Attenuates Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Erythrocyte Echinocytosis by Restoring Redox Homeostasis and Normalizing Band 3-Syk/SHP2 Interactions.","authors":"Jie Ding, Jiali Hua, Lingyi Meng, Chenyan Lu, Jiawei Liu, Zenghua Lin, Guohua Wang, Qianqian Luo","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091205","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute exposure to high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia (HH) disrupts redox homeostasis and impairs erythrocyte morphology and oxygen transport. Shengmai Yin (SMY) is a botanical formulation with reported antioxidant activity, but its effects on HH-induced erythrocyte injury remain unclear. Male C57BL/6J mice received SMY in drinking water for 3 days before 24 h of simulated HH equivalent to 6000 m. Complementary in vivo and in vitro experiments assessed redox indices, lipid peroxidation, hemoglobin redox status, erythrocyte morphology, arterial oxygenation, and Band 3-associated protein interactions. HH increased serum DHE-derived fluorescence, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde, reduced antioxidant capacity, induced echinocytosis, decreased oxyhemoglobin, and increased methemoglobin. Among the tested redox challenges, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO) most closely reproduced the combined morphological and hemoglobin abnormalities. SMY scavenged DPPH, hydroxyl-radical, and superoxide-related signals in cell-free assays; reduced PTIO- and hypoxia-induced erythrocyte damage; and reversed established echinocytosis within 30 min in vitro. In mice, SMY reduced echinocytosis and improved arterial oxygenation without detectable short-term hepatic, renal, or histological toxicity. SMY also normalized HH- and PTIO-induced changes in Band 3 interactions with Syk and SHP2. These findings support SMY as a redox-modulating intervention that preserves erythrocyte structure and function during acute HH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}