Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"A Review on the Protecting Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Berries Against a Silent Public Health Concern: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Anshul Sharma, Hae-Jeung Lee","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a silent threat to human health, with prevalence rising at an alarming rate. The treatment and prevention of NAFLD depend on novel approaches as no effective treatment options are currently available. Berries are unique sources of phenolic compounds that have proven roles in disease prevention and health promotion. However, a comprehensive review of the effects of different berries on NAFLD and related pathologies is lacking. Thus, the present review aims to summarize the effects of berry extracts, plant parts, and bioactive compounds from twenty-one different berries on NAFLD. The molecular mechanisms involved include the regulation of lipid homeostasis, modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation markers, and activation of different signaling pathways in different in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models. Furthermore, their modulatory effects on the gut microbiota have also been highlighted. Clinical intervention research on the benefits of berries in NAFLD is limited; nonetheless, this paper discusses clinical studies demonstrating the effects of different berries in people with NAFLD. Future research should focus on long-term clinical studies to compare the therapeutic potentials of different berries against NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactivity of Grape Pomace Extract and Sodium Selenite, Key Components of the OenoGrape Advanced Complex, on Target Human Cells: Intracellular ROS Scavenging and Nrf2/ARE Induction Following In Vitro Intestinal Absorption.","authors":"Cécile Dufour, Camille Gironde, Mylène Rigal, Christophe Furger, Erwan Le Roux","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oenobiol Sun Expert, a food formulation designed to enhance skin health prior to sun exposure, has been optimized by incorporating the OenoGrape Advanced Complex, which includes grape pomace extract, increased selenium content and 10% lycopene-rich tomato extract, with these constituents exhibiting high antioxidant potential. To evaluate the effects of these individual ingredients and the overall formulation at the cellular level, the AOP1 cell antioxidant efficacy assay was employed to measure the intracellular free radical scavenging activity, while the Cell Antioxidant Assay (CAA or DCFH-DA) assay was used to assess peroxidation scavenging at the plasma membrane level. The indirect antioxidant activity was examined using stably transfected cell lines containing a luciferase reporter gene controlled by the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE), which activates the endogenous antioxidant system via the Nrf2/Keap1-ARE pathway. Our results indicate that among the individual components, grape pomace extract and sodium selenite possess high and complementary antioxidant properties. Grape pomace extract was particularly effective in inhibiting free radicals (AOP1 EC₅₀ = 6.80 μg/mL) and activating the ARE pathway (ARE EC₅₀ = 231.1 μg/mL), whereas sodium selenite exerted its effects through potent ARE activation at sub-microgram levels (EC₅₀ = 0.367 μg/mL). In contrast, the lycopene-rich tomato extract did not show a notable contribution to the antioxidant effects. The antiradical activity of the OenoGrape Advanced Complex, comprising these three ingredients, was very efficient and consistent with the results obtained for the individual components (AOP1 EC₅₀ = 15.78 µg/mL and ARE EC₅₀ of 707.7 μg/mL). Similarly, the free radical scavenging activity still persisted in the Oenobiol Sun Expert formulation (AOP1 EC₅₀ = 36.63 µg/mL). Next, in vitro intestinal transepithelial transfer experiments were performed. The basolateral compartments of cells exposed to the ingredients were collected and assessed using the same antioxidant cell assays. The direct and indirect antioxidant activities were measured on both hepatocytes and keratinocytes, demonstrating the bioavailability and bioactivity of grape pomace extract and sodium selenite. These finding suggest that the ingredients of this food supplement contribute to enhanced cytoprotection following ingestion.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Supplementation with AM3, Spermidine, and Hesperidin Enhances Immune Function, Decreases Biological Age, and Improves Oxidative-Inflammatory State: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Judith Félix, Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro, Adriana Baca, Ana López-Ballesteros, María José Gómez-Sánchez, Mónica De la Fuente","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The positive effect of AM3, spermidine, and hesperidin, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on immunity is known, but their effect on the rate of aging, known as biological age (BA), is unclear. This work aims to test if the intake of a blend of AM3 (150 mg), spermidine (0.6 mg), and hesperidin (50 mg) for 2 months could decrease BA and improve immunity, redox, and inflammatory states. For this, 41 participants (30-63 years) were randomly divided into placebo and supplement groups. The supplement group took two capsules daily with AM3, spermidine, and hesperidin for two months, while the placebo group took capsules containing only calcium phosphate and talcum powder. Before and after the treatment, peripheral blood was collected. Immune function was assessed in leukocytes, redox state in whole-blood cells, erythrocytes, and plasma, and cytokine concentration in both mononuclear cell cultures and plasma. Finally, the Immunity Clock model was applied to determine BA. The results show that the intake of this blend improves the immune functions that constitute the Immunity Clock, decreasing BA by 11 years and reducing the oxidative-inflammatory state of the participants. Therefore, this supplement can be proposed as a strategy to rejuvenate BA and achieve healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Synthesis of Monolignols: Traditional Methods, Recent Advances, and Future Challenges in Sustainable Processes.","authors":"Davide Benedetto Tiz, Giorgio Tofani, Filipa A Vicente, Blaž Likozar","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monolignols represent pivotal alcohol-based constituents in lignin synthesis, playing indispensable roles in plant growth and development with profound implications for industries reliant on wood and paper. Monolignols and their derivates have multiple applications in several industries. Monolignols exhibit antioxidant activity due to their ability to donate hydrogen atoms or electrons to neutralize free radicals, thus preventing oxidative stress and damage to cells. Characterized by their alcohol functionalities, monolignols present three main forms: <i>p</i>-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol. In nature, particularly in plants, monolignols with geometry (<i>E</i>) predominate over their <i>Z</i> counterparts. The methods for obtaining the three canonical monolignols, two less-common monolignols, and a monolignol analogue are addressed to present an overview of these phenol-based compounds, particularly from a synthetic standpoint. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis is used to explain the advantages and disadvantages of synthesizing monolignols, key alcohol-containing raw materials with enormous significance in both plant biology and industrial applications, using bench chemical methods. The uniqueness of this work is that it provides an overview of the synthetic pathways of monolignols to assist researchers in pharmaceutical and biological fields in selecting an appropriate procedure for the preparation of their lignin models. Moreover, we aim to inspire scientists, particularly chemists, to develop more sustainable synthetic protocols for monolignols.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Flavonoids in <i>Fructus Aurantii Immaturus</i> on Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Capacity in Finishing Pigs.","authors":"Zekun Yang, Qiuping Guo, Xiangfeng Kong, Yixing Li, Fengna Li","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment aimed to explore the effects of flavonoids in <i>Fructus Aurantii Immaturus</i> (FFAI) on carcass traits, meat quality, and the antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs. The results indicated that the addition of an appropriate amount of FFAI into their diet could significantly reduce the backfat thickness and perirenal fat percentage of finishing pigs, as well as the drip loss, water-holding capacity, shear force, and the levels of lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, glucose, ATP, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. It also elevated the levels of flavor amino acids such as glutamate, serine, and threonine, and enriched the composition of flavor substances, including benzene and octanal, which significantly contributed to the enhancement of pork flavor. Furthermore, it enhanced the expression levels of <i>MyHC I</i> and <i>MyHC IIa</i>. In summary, the appropriate addition of FFAI to the diet could improve the carcass traits, meat quality, and antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs. The optimal level of FFAI supplementation is 0.12%.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Vitamin E Signaling Mediators in Skeletal Muscle.","authors":"Elisabetta Meacci, Antony Chirco, Mercedes Garcia-Gil","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin E (Vit E) deficiency studies underline the relevance of this vitamin in skeletal muscle (SkM) homeostasis. The knowledge of the effectors and modulators of Vit E action in SkM cells is limited, especially in aging and chronic diseases characterized by a decline in musculoskeletal health. Vit E comprises eight fat-soluble compounds grouped into tocopherols and tocotrienols, which share the basic chemical structure but show different biological properties and potentials to prevent diseases. Vit E has antioxidant and non-antioxidant activities and both favorable and adverse effects depending on the specific conditions and tissues. In this review, we focus on the actual knowledge of Vit E forms in SkM functions and new potential signaling effectors (i.e., bioactive sphingolipids and myokines). The possible advantages of Vit E supplementation in counteracting SkM dysfunctions in sarcopenia and under microgravity will also be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold-Pressed <i>Aristotelia chilensis</i> (Mol.) Stuntz Seed Oil Prevents Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Murine Model.","authors":"Benjamín Claria, Alejandra Espinosa, Alicia Rodríguez, Gretel Dovale-Rosabal, José Luis Bucarey, María Elsa Pando, Nalda Romero, Francisca Reinoso, Camila Sánchez, Rodrigo Valenzuela, Carolina H Ribeiro, Santiago P Aubourg","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of cold-pressed maqui (<i>Aristotelia chilensis</i> (Mol.) Stuntz) seed oil (MO) on liver metabolism and biochemical markers in a high-fat diet (HFD) murine model. In it, the fatty acid profile, tocopherol and tocotrienol contents, and antioxidant capacity of MO were analyzed. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (i.e., a, b, c, and d groups) and supplemented for 12 weeks according to the following distribution: (a) control diet (CD)-sunflower oil (SO), (b) CD+MO, (c) HFD+SO, and (d) HFD+MO. Total body and organ weights, serum markers, and liver fat infiltration were assessed. MO contained 32.31% oleic acid, 46.41% linoleic acid, and 10.83% α-linolenic acid; additionally, α- and γ-tocopherol levels were 339.09 ± 5.15 and 135.52 ± 38.03 mg/kg, respectively, while β-, δ-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienol were present in trace amounts and the antioxidant capacity measured was 6.66 ± 0.19 μmol Trolox equivalent/g. MO supplementation significantly reduced the visceral fat (0.76 ± 0.06 g vs. 1.32 ± 0.04 g) and GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase) levels (71.8 ± 5.0 vs. 35.2 ± 2.6 U/L), and the liver fat infiltration score (6 vs. 3) in the HFD+MO group compared to HFD+SO. It is suggested that MO may effectively prevent fatty liver disease, warranting further research on its potential benefits for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Drying on Phytonutritional Compounds, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Spiny Saltbush (<i>Rhagodia spinescens</i>).","authors":"Sephora Mutombo Mianda, Jiaxuan Li, Saleha Akter, Oladipupo Adiamo, Dharini Sivakumar, Yasmina Sultanbawa","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Spiny saltbush (<i>Rhagodia spinscens</i>) is a halophyte species with the potential to provide natural ingredients used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In food and pharmaceutical applications, drying is necessary to maintain shelf-life, which reduces phytonutrient content. In this study, changes in the nutritional composition, phenolic and carotenoid profiles of radical antioxidant scavenging activity [(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)], antioxidant power [ferric reducing antioxidant ability assay (FRAP)], and cytotoxicity of freeze- and oven-dried (55 °C for 24 h) spiny saltbush were determined. Sodium (4.72 g/100 g dry weight (DW), potassium (6.86 g/100 g DW), calcium (4.06 g/100 g DW), zinc (372 mg/kg DW) and protein content were higher in oven-dried samples than freeze-dried samples. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis detected 18 metabolites in saltbush extracts. Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, and Variable Importance in Projection discriminated between freeze-dried and oven-dried samples. Freeze-dried samples retained more individual metabolites than oven-dried samples, while oven-dried samples had higher antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP), lutein, trans-β carotene, and cis-β-carotene. Correlation analysis identified potential antioxidant candidates between phenolic and carotenoid compounds. Neither freeze-dried nor oven-dried spiny saltbush samples showed cytotoxicity. The study uncovered changes in phytonutritional compounds after the oven and freeze-drying spiny saltbush, a potential salt alternative and functional ingredient for the food industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Armillaria mellea</i> Mycelia Alleviate PM2.5-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Murine Models.","authors":"Yi-Ping Huang, Yu-Tsen Huang, Hui-Yu Wu, Li-Fang Chou, You-Shan Tsai, Yih-Min Jiang, Wan-Ping Chen, Ting-Wei Lin, Chin-Chu Chen, Chih-Ho Lai","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) significantly contributes to various disease-related respiratory inflammations. <i>Armillaria mellea</i>, recognized for its medicinal properties, could alleviate these respiratory ailments. However, its efficacy against PM2.5-induced inflammation remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether <i>A. mellea</i> mycelia could mitigate PM2.5-induced respiratory inflammation and assessed the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that <i>A. mellea</i> mycelia significantly reduced PM2.5-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in macrophages. Furthermore, <i>A. mellea</i> mycelia suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators, indicating their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In murine models, <i>A. mellea</i> mycelia mitigated PM2.5-induced lung inflammation and cytokine secretion, restoring lung inflammatory status. Our results highlight the potential of <i>A. mellea</i> mycelia to treat PM2.5-induced respiratory inflammation. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of <i>A. mellea</i> mycelia demonstrated in vitro and in vivo hold promising potential for developing respiratory health improvement interventions upon PM2.5 exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> L.: Insights from In Vitro, In Vivo, and Nanoparticle Studies on Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects.","authors":"Przemysław Sitarek, Anna Merecz-Sadowska, Joanna Sikora, Weronika Osicka, Igor Śpiewak, Laurent Picot, Tomasz Kowalczyk","doi":"10.3390/antiox13111376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Theobroma cacao</i> L., commonly known as cocoa, has been an integral part of human culture and diet for thousands of years. However, recent scientific research has highlighted its potential therapeutic properties, particularly in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. This comprehensive review analyzes the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> extracts combined with nanoparticles using in vitro and in vivo studies. Its diverse biological activity can be attributed to its rich phytochemical profile, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. In vitro studies have found that cocoa extracts, alone or in combination with nanoparticles, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and modulate key signaling pathways in various cancer cell lines. The extracts have also been found to reduce tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, potentially reducing their side effects, in vivo. Its anti-inflammatory properties are based on its ability to modulate inflammatory mediators, inhibit NF-κB signaling, and regulate macrophage polarization. These effects have been observed in both cellular and animal models of inflammation. This review opens up new possibilities for future research and therapeutic applications, highlighting the potential of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> as a valuable complementary approach in the treatment and prevention of cancer and inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}