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The Interplay Between Melatonin and Nitric Oxide: Mechanisms and Implications in Stroke Pathophysiology. 褪黑素与一氧化氮的相互作用:脑卒中病理生理机制及其意义。
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060724
Santos Blanco, María Del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo, Raquel Hernández, María Ángeles Peinado
{"title":"The Interplay Between Melatonin and Nitric Oxide: Mechanisms and Implications in Stroke Pathophysiology.","authors":"Santos Blanco, María Del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo, Raquel Hernández, María Ángeles Peinado","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060724","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work reviews the complex interplay between melatonin and nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system (CNS), with a detailed focus on its involvement in stroke pathophysiology. Melatonin, a neurohormone with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, and NO, a gaseous signaling molecule with diverse roles, interact crucially. In the context of ischemic stroke, NO exhibits a dual role: it can be neuroprotective (primarily via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)) or neurotoxic (especially through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), contributing to the formation of damaging peroxynitrite (ONOO<sup>-</sup>)). Melatonin has consistently demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animal models of stroke. Its key mechanisms related to NO include (1) differential modulation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms, suppressing detrimental iNOS expression/activity while often preserving or enhancing beneficial eNOS; (2) direct scavenging of NO and, critically, highly reactive peroxynitrite, thereby attenuating nitrosative stress; (3) reduction in neuroinflammation, partly by promoting M2 (anti-inflammatory) microglia polarization; and (4) mitochondrial protection and decreased apoptosis. These multifaceted actions of melatonin contribute to reduced infarct volume and improved functional outcomes, underscoring its considerable therapeutic potential for ischemic stroke through the favorable modulation of the melatonin-NO axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein as a Potential Target for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer. 氧化低密度脂蛋白作为增强微卫星稳定结直肠癌免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的潜在靶点
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060726
Xiaochun Zhang, Xiaorui Ye, Heiying Jin
{"title":"Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein as a Potential Target for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Xiaochun Zhang, Xiaorui Ye, Heiying Jin","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060726","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) exhibits differential expression in microsatellite-stable (MSS) and microsatellite instability-high (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC), highlighting its potential therapeutic role in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance in MSS CRC. Elevated oxLDL levels in MSS CRC contribute to tumor progression and diminish ICI efficacy by modulating metabolic reprogramming and immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME) by activating receptors such as LOX-1 and CD36. oxLDL triggers signaling pathways, including NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK, leading to the expansion of immunosuppressive cells like regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and M2 macrophages, while concurrently suppressing effector T cell functions. Additionally, oxLDL enhances oxidative stress and promotes fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and glycolytic metabolism, resulting in nutrient competition within the TME and establishing an immunosuppressive milieu, ultimately culminating in ICI resistance. This review systematically examines the disparities in oxLDL expression between MSS and MSI CRC and elucidates the molecular mechanisms through which oxLDL mediates ICI resistance. Furthermore, it explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting oxLDL, offering novel avenues to overcome immunotherapy resistance in MSS CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Restorative Effects of Synbiotics on Colonic Ultrastructure and Oxidative Stress in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy. 合成制剂对慢性肠病犬结肠超微结构和氧化应激的恢复作用。
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060727
Dipak Kumar Sahoo, Tracey Stewart, Emily M Lindgreen, Bhakti Patel, Ashish Patel, Jigneshkumar N Trivedi, Valerie Parker, Adam J Rudinsky, Jenessa A Winston, Agnes Bourgois-Mochel, Jonathan P Mochel, Karin Allenspach, Romy M Heilmann, Albert E Jergens
{"title":"Restorative Effects of Synbiotics on Colonic Ultrastructure and Oxidative Stress in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy.","authors":"Dipak Kumar Sahoo, Tracey Stewart, Emily M Lindgreen, Bhakti Patel, Ashish Patel, Jigneshkumar N Trivedi, Valerie Parker, Adam J Rudinsky, Jenessa A Winston, Agnes Bourgois-Mochel, Jonathan P Mochel, Karin Allenspach, Romy M Heilmann, Albert E Jergens","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060727","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060727","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Synbiotics can be used to reduce intestinal inflammation and mitigate dysbiosis in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE). Prior research has not assessed the colonic mucosal ultrastructure of dogs with active CIE treated with synbiotics, nor has it determined a possible association between morphologic injury and signaling pathways. Twenty client-owned dogs diagnosed with CIE were randomized to receive either a hydrolyzed diet (placebo; PL) or a hydrolyzed diet supplemented with synbiotic-IgY (SYN) for 6 weeks. Endoscopic biopsies of the colon were obtained for histopathologic, ultrastructural, and molecular analyses and were compared before and after treatment. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an analysis of the ultrastructural alterations in microvilli length (MVL), mitochondria (MITO), and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was compared between treatment groups. To explore potential signaling pathways that might modulate MITO and ER stress, a transcriptomic analysis was also performed. The degree of mucosal ultrastructural pathology differed among individual dogs before and after treatment. Morphologic alterations in enterocytes, MVL, MITO, and ER were detected without significant differences between PL and SYN dogs prior to treatment. Notable changes in ultrastructural alterations were identified post-treatment, with SYN-treated dogs exhibiting significant improvement in MVL, MITO, and ER injury scores compared to PL-treated dogs. Transcriptomic profiling showed many pathways and key genes to be associated with MITO and ER injury. Multiple signaling pathways and their associated genes with protective effects, including fibroblast growth factor 2 (&lt;i&gt;FGF2&lt;/i&gt;), fibroblast growth factor 7 (&lt;i&gt;FGF7&lt;/i&gt;), fibroblast growth factor 10 (&lt;i&gt;FGF10&lt;/i&gt;), synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein 1 (&lt;i&gt;SynGAP1&lt;/i&gt;), RAS guanyl releasing protein 2 (&lt;i&gt;RASGRP2&lt;/i&gt;), RAS guanyl releasing protein 3 (&lt;i&gt;RASGRP3&lt;/i&gt;), thrombospondin 1 (&lt;i&gt;THBS1&lt;/i&gt;), colony stimulating factor 1 (&lt;i&gt;CSF1&lt;/i&gt;), colony stimulating factor 3 (&lt;i&gt;CSF3&lt;/i&gt;), interleukin 21 receptor (&lt;i&gt;IL21R&lt;/i&gt;), collagen type VI alpha 6 chain (&lt;i&gt;COL6A6&lt;/i&gt;), ectodysplasin A receptor (&lt;i&gt;EDAR&lt;/i&gt;), forkhead box P3 (&lt;i&gt;FoxP3&lt;/i&gt;), follistatin (&lt;i&gt;FST&lt;/i&gt;), gremlin 1 (&lt;i&gt;GREM1&lt;/i&gt;), myocyte enhancer factor 2B (&lt;i&gt;MEF2B&lt;/i&gt;), neuregulin 1 (&lt;i&gt;NRG1&lt;/i&gt;), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (&lt;i&gt;COL1A1&lt;/i&gt;), hepatocyte growth factor (&lt;i&gt;HGF&lt;/i&gt;), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 (&lt;i&gt;HTR7&lt;/i&gt;), and platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (&lt;i&gt;PDGFR-β&lt;/i&gt;), were upregulated with SYN treatment. Differential gene expression was associated with improved MITO and ER ultrastructural integrity and a reduction in oxidative stress. Conversely, other genes, such as protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta (&lt;i&gt;PRKACB&lt;/i&gt;), phospholipase A2 group XIIB (&lt;i&gt;PLA2G12B&lt;/i&gt;), calmodulin 1 (&lt;i&gt;CALM1&lt;/i&gt;), calmodulin 2 (&lt;i&gt;CALM2&lt;/i&gt;), and interleukin-18 (&lt;i&gt;IL18&lt;/i&gt;), which have harmful effec","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional and Therapeutic Roles of Plant-Derived Antioxidants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Considerations for Special Populations. 植物源性抗氧化剂在2型糖尿病中的功能和治疗作用:机制、挑战和特殊人群的考虑
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060725
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez, Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Roberto Valcárcel-Martín, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
{"title":"Functional and Therapeutic Roles of Plant-Derived Antioxidants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Considerations for Special Populations.","authors":"Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez, Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Roberto Valcárcel-Martín, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060725","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance and long-term complications. Dietary antioxidants from plant sources, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenolic acids, have been increasingly studied for their potential to modulate these pathophysiological mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the current evidence on the biological effects, therapeutic potential, and translational challenges of plant-derived antioxidants in the prevention and management of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review was conducted using peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Emphasis was placed on mechanistic studies, clinical trials, bioavailability data, and advances in formulation technologies related to antioxidant compounds in the context of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plant antioxidants exert beneficial effects by modulating oxidative stress, reducing systemic inflammation, and improving insulin signaling pathways. However, their clinical application is limited by low bioavailability, chemical instability, and high interindividual variability. Recent developments, such as nanoencapsulation, synergistic functional food formulations, and microbiome-targeted strategies, have shown promise in enhancing efficacy. Additionally, personalized nutrition approaches and regulatory advances are emerging to support the integration of antioxidant-based interventions into diabetes care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plant-derived antioxidants represent a promising complementary tool for T2DM management. Nonetheless, their effective clinical use depends on overcoming pharmacokinetic limitations and validating their long-term efficacy in well-designed trials. Integrating food technology, microbiome science, and precision nutrition will be crucial to translate these compounds into safe, scalable, and personalized therapeutic options for individuals with or at risk of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Astaxanthin: A Compound in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases and as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment Agent. 虾青素:一种预防慢性疾病的化合物和潜在的辅助治疗剂。
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060715
Xiao Zhu, Xi Chen, Matthew Wang, Honghua Hu
{"title":"Astaxanthin: A Compound in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases and as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment Agent.","authors":"Xiao Zhu, Xi Chen, Matthew Wang, Honghua Hu","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060715","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble carotenoid antioxidant. AST exhibits multiple protective mechanisms, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, nervous system-protective, anti-tumor, and anti-fibrotic effects. These effects make it a promising compound for the prevention of chronic diseases. AST can protect the nervous system against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. It also protects the liver and helps reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease. Additionally, it improves cardiovascular health and has anti-diabetic properties. This review aims to provide an updated overview covering the protective effects of AST against various chronic diseases, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. We also discuss the strategies used for improving astaxanthin bioavailability and its potential as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plant-Derived Nanovesicles from Soaked Rice Water: A Novel and Sustainable Platform for the Delivery of Natural Anti-Oxidant γ-Oryzanol. 从稻水中提取的植物源纳米囊泡:一种新的、可持续的天然抗氧化剂γ-米素传递平台。
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060717
Jahnavi Ravilla, Soundaram Rajendran, Vidya M Basavaraj, Greeshma Satheeshan, Janakiraman Narayanan, Thejaswini Venkatesh, Gopinath M Sundaram
{"title":"Plant-Derived Nanovesicles from Soaked Rice Water: A Novel and Sustainable Platform for the Delivery of Natural Anti-Oxidant γ-Oryzanol.","authors":"Jahnavi Ravilla, Soundaram Rajendran, Vidya M Basavaraj, Greeshma Satheeshan, Janakiraman Narayanan, Thejaswini Venkatesh, Gopinath M Sundaram","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060717","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gamma oryzanol (GO) is a natural anti-oxidant found in rice bran with potential health benefits. Conventional isolation of GO from rice bran requires the use of non-eco-friendly solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane due to its low aqueous solubility. Further, nanoencapsulation of GO is required for the enhancement of stability and bioavailability. Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are natural/intrinsic exosome-mimetic vesicles isolated from edible plants using green methods. Washed/soaked rice water (SRW) is often discarded as waste prior to cooking rice. However, traditional knowledge indicates its health-promoting anti-oxidant benefit, probably contributed by the presence of GO. Herein, for the first time, we isolated PDNVs from SRW by the cost-effective Polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG) precipitation method and demonstrated the presence of GO in PDNVs. In our initial screen, PDNVs were isolated from both rice grains (RGs) as well as the SRW of four different rice varieties, in which we identified the copious presence of GO in black RGs and brown SRW PDNVs. Both RG and SRW PDNVs were non-toxic to keratinocytes. SRW PDNVs displayed distinct cellular uptake mechanisms compared to RG PDNVs in human keratinocytes. Compared to native GO, brown SRW PDNVs containing GO displayed superior anti-oxidant activity in HaCaT keratinocytes, likely due to its enhanced cellular uptake. Overall, we describe here a waste-to-wealth green approach using an economical PEG method for the extraction of GO in bioavailable form. Given that oxidative stress is a driving factor for inflammation and related diseases, SRW PDNVs provide an affordable natural formulation for the treatment of diseases with underlying oxidative stress and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catalase in Unexpected Places: Revisiting H2O2 Detoxification Pathways in Stallion Spermatozoa. 意想不到的地方的过氧化氢酶:重新审视种马精子中H2O2解毒途径。
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060718
Ashlee J Medica, Aleona Swegen, Afshin Seifi-Jamadi, Kaitlin McIntosh, Zamira Gibb
{"title":"Catalase in Unexpected Places: Revisiting H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Detoxification Pathways in Stallion Spermatozoa.","authors":"Ashlee J Medica, Aleona Swegen, Afshin Seifi-Jamadi, Kaitlin McIntosh, Zamira Gibb","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060718","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress plays a critical role in regulating sperm function, yet species-specific antioxidant mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study compared hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) tolerance in horse and human sperm and investigated the roles of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in horses. A H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dose-response assay (0-2000 µM) showed that horse sperm were significantly more resistant to oxidative damage, with an IC<sub>50</sub> for progressive motility over 14-fold higher than that of human sperm (391.6 µM vs. 27.3 µM). Horse sperm also accumulated more intracellular H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> without loss of motility or viability. DNA damage assays (Halo and SCSA) revealed H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced fragmentation in human but not horse sperm. Enzyme inhibition experiments in horse sperm using 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (catalase inhibitor) and (1S,3R)-RSL3 (GPx inhibitor) at 250 µM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> showed that catalase inhibition severely impaired motility and increased intracellular H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> > 100-fold, while GPx inhibition had a milder effect (~5-fold increase). Immunocytochemistry localized catalase to the sperm head, particularly the post-acrosomal region, challenging the notion that sperm lack peroxisomes. The dependence of horse sperm on oxidative phosphorylation may drive the need for enhanced antioxidant defenses. These findings reveal species-specific oxidative stress adaptations and highlight catalase as a key antioxidant in equine sperm.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of Redox-Induced Protein Modifications in Spermatozoa in Health and Disease. 氧化还原诱导的精子蛋白修饰在健康和疾病中的作用。
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060720
Chika Onochie, Keturah Evi, Cristian O'Flaherty
{"title":"Role of Redox-Induced Protein Modifications in Spermatozoa in Health and Disease.","authors":"Chika Onochie, Keturah Evi, Cristian O'Flaherty","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060720","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility contributes to approximately half of all infertility cases, with most cases associated with oxidative stress. Spermatozoa depend on finely tuned redox signaling for critical processes such as capacitation, motility, and fertilization competence; however, their unique structural and metabolic features render them particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Reversible oxidative modifications regulate enzymatic activity, signaling cascades, and structural stability, supporting normal sperm function, whereas irreversible oxidative damage impairs motility, acrosome reaction, and DNA integrity, contributing to male infertility. The intricate balance between physiological redox signaling and pathological oxidative stress demonstrates the potential of redox modifications as biomarkers for infertility diagnosis and as targets for antioxidant-based therapeutic interventions. This review explores the role of redox-induced protein modifications in sperm function, focusing on thiol oxidation, S-nitrosylation, sulfhydration, glutathionylation, CoAlation, and protein carbonylation. By uncovering the mechanisms of these redox modifications, we provide a framework for their modulation in the development of targeted redox interventions to improve male fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review on Improving the Oxidative Stability of Pine Nut Oil in Extraction, Storage, and Encapsulation. 提高松子油的提取、贮存和包封氧化稳定性的研究进展。
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060716
Jingwen Zhu, Zhenzhou Li, Yisen Wang, Zhexuan Mu, Xiaohong Lv, Zhenyu Wang, Aijun Dong, Ziluan Fan, Hua Zhang
{"title":"A Review on Improving the Oxidative Stability of Pine Nut Oil in Extraction, Storage, and Encapsulation.","authors":"Jingwen Zhu, Zhenzhou Li, Yisen Wang, Zhexuan Mu, Xiaohong Lv, Zhenyu Wang, Aijun Dong, Ziluan Fan, Hua Zhang","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060716","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14060716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pine nut oil (PNO) is highly valued by consumers for its rich content of unsaturated fatty acids, which confer unique nutritional benefits. However, PNO is highly susceptible to lipid oxidation during storage and extraction. This chemical degradation compromises product quality and poses potential risks to food safety. To address this challenge, the food industry is developing antioxidant strategies, including optimizing pretreatment conditions to improve flavor and storage stability. Green extraction technologies such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) have been introduced to enhance extraction efficiency and promote environmental sustainability. Light-proof packaging, reduced oxygen environments, and temperature control have also been employed to significantly extend the shelf life of PNO. Furthermore, to maintain the nutritional integrity and safety of PNO while expanding its functional applications in the food industry, several innovative approaches have been employed. These include the incorporation of natural antioxidants, the development of Pickering emulsions, the use of microencapsulation, and the formulation of oleogels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Mandarin Peel: A Comprehensive Biorefinery Strategy. 微波辅助提取柑桔皮中生物活性物质:一种综合生物精制策略。
IF 6 2区 医学
Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060722
Marina Jurić, Nikolina Golub, Emerik Galić, Kristina Radić, Luna Maslov Bandić, Dubravka Vitali Čepo
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