Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"Paeoniflorin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Depression Through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Zhuoyue Hu, Xing Wang, Tian Shi, Lei Yang, Boxi Zhang, Bo Shang, Ruizhi He, Shichen Yi, Jiao He, Jing Hu, Yanjun Cao","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is associated with bidirectional interactions between inflammatory responses and behavioral dysfunction. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside derived from <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of PF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice and neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells. Mice were co-administered PF (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day) and LPS (2 mg/kg) for 7 days. Behavioral tests; Nissl staining; and Golgi, Iba1, DLG4, and cytokine assays were conducted. Additionally, hippocampal NF-κB, Nrf2, and BDNF signaling pathways were analyzed using Western blots. In BV2 cells, oxidative stress and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were assessed using CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Western blotting after 24 h of LPS and PF treatment. PF significantly alleviated LPS-induced depression-like behaviors, increased hippocampal neuron and dendritic spine density, and upregulated synaptic proteins (PSD95, SNAP25, and BDNF). Mechanistically, PF suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the Akt/GSK3β pathway, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and enhanced the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant axis. In BV2 cells, PF restored mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, PF significantly improved LPS-induced depression-like behaviors and attenuated neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation-associated depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Identification and Molecular Interaction Modeling Analysis of Antioxidant Activity Selenium-Enriched Peptides from Selenium-Enriched <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i>.","authors":"Lili Chen, Menghan Nie, Jing Yang, Weibin Zhang, Tom Hsiang, Yuji Jiang, Baogui Xie, Bingzhi Chen","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050586","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the structure-activity relationships between SePEPs (selenium-enriched peptides) and PEPs (selenium-free peptides) and compared the antioxidant activities of SePEPs and PEPs. The results showed that SePEPs exhibited higher antioxidant activity than PEPs at the same molecular weight, with the molecular weights of 0-3500 Da exhibiting the highest in vitro antioxidant activity. Chelation between selenium and peptides led to a more compact structure and increased particle density in SePEPs. A spectroscopic analysis revealed new peaks and redshifts in SePEPs, along with a higher content of hydrophobic amino acids than PEPs. A molecular interaction modeling analysis indicated that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions primarily drove the binding between selenium-containing peptides and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Moreover, the solid-phase synthesized MSePGP exhibited significantly greater antioxidant activity than glutathione at high concentrations. At 10 mg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging rate of MSePGP was 68.5 ± 2.2%. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of selenium-enriched peptides with enhanced antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Astonishing World of Phytochemicals: State-of-the-Art for Antioxidants-2nd Edition.","authors":"Marianna Lauricella, Antonella D'Anneo","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Editorial refers to the Special Issue titled \"Advances in the Astonishing World of Phytochemicals: State-of-the-Art for Antioxidants-2nd Edition\", which highlights the multifaceted properties of natural compounds containing antioxidants and describes the need to understand how active compounds, solvents, and complex formations interact, in order to better establish their potential in applied sciences [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Creatinine and Lung Cancer Risk in Men Smokers: A Comparative Analysis with Antioxidant Biomarkers from the KCPS-II Cohort.","authors":"Jong-Won Shin, Thien-Minh Nguyen, Sun-Ha Jee","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050584","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bilirubin, albumin, and uric acid are established endogenous antioxidant biomarkers, whereas the antioxidant role of creatinine has not yet been fully clarified. As a byproduct of creatine metabolism, creatinine may reflect underlying metabolic activity and redox balance, particularly under conditions of oxidative stress such as cigarette smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between serum creatinine and other antioxidant biomarkers and lung cancer risk, stratified by smoking status. We analyzed 83,371 cancer-free men from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study II (KCPS II) cohort. During a mean follow-up of 13.5 years, 533 incident lung cancer cases were identified. Serum creatinine, total bilirubin, albumin, and uric acid were measured. Smoking status classified participants as never-, former, and ever-smokers, with ever-smokers including both current and former smokers. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), stratified by smoking status. Biomarkers were also analyzed by quartiles and linear trends. A single standard deviation increase in serum creatinine was significantly and inversely associated with lung cancer risk among former smokers (HR: 0.774, 95% CI: 0.620 to 0.967) and ever-smokers (HR: 0.823, 95% CI: 0.716 to 0.945). Total bilirubin also showed significant inverse associations in former smokers (HR: 0.826, 95% CI: 0.705 to 0.967) and ever-smokers (HR: 0.785, 95% CI: 0.708 to 0.870). Albumin was inversely associated only with ever-smokers (HR: 0.878, 95% CI: 0.807 to 0.955), while uric acid showed inverse associations with both former smokers (HR: 0.832, 95% CI: 0.699 to 0.989) and ever-smokers (HR: 0.847, 95% CI: 0.760 to 0.944). None of the biomarkers showed significant associations among never-smokers. Serum creatinine and other endogenous antioxidant biomarkers were inversely associated with lung cancer risk, particularly in individuals with a history of smoking exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Hybrid Peptide VLP-Aβ Exhibits Antioxidant Activity In Vitro and In Vivo via KEAP1-NRF2-ARE Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Junyong Wang, Wenxiu Zhang, Rijun Zhang, Xuelian Zhao, Jing Zhang, Yichen Zhou, Yucui Tong, Zaheer Abbas, Zhenzhen Li, Haosen Zhang, Di Yang, Sichao Chen, Cong Hu, Dayong Si, Xubiao Wei","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development and progression of various diseases. Antioxidant peptides have attracted great attention in agricultural, food, and clinical fields due to their low toxicity, high efficacy, and easy absorption, but the development of antioxidant peptides and their in-depth molecular mechanisms are still lacking. The previous study established a platform for the high-throughput design and screening of multifunctional peptides and successfully identified a novel hybrid peptide, VLP-Aβ (VA), which exhibits both antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of VA and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The antioxidant effects of VA were evaluated using both in vitro (H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells) and in vivo (CCl₄-induced liver damage in mice) models. VA exhibited significant antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo, significantly improving the cell viability and increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) to alleviate oxidative stress. These findings indicated that the antioxidant effect of VA is dependent on NRF2, as evidenced by NRF2 knockdown experiments. Further investigation revealed that VA alleviates oxidative stress by modulating the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE signaling pathway. These findings provide insights into the properties of the antioxidant peptide VA, expand the understanding of its molecular mechanisms, and suggest new opportunities for developing VA as a novel functional agent in the agricultural, food, and clinical industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Models of Oxidative Purine DNA Damage in Neurodegenerative Disorders.","authors":"Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050578","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most DNA damage caused by oxidative metabolism consists of single lesions that can accumulate in tissues. This review focuses on two classes of lesions: the two 8-oxopurine (8-oxo-Pu) lesions that are repaired by the base excision repair (BER) enzyme and the four 5',8-cyclopurine (cPu) lesions that are repaired exclusively by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) enzyme. The aim is to correlate the simultaneous quantification of these two classes of lesions in the context of neurological disorders. The first half is a summary of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with particular attention to the pathways of hydroxyl radical (HO^•) formation, followed by a summary of protocols for the quantification of six lesions and the biomimetic chemistry of the HO^• radical with double-stranded oligonucleotides (ds-ODN) and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA). The second half addresses two neurodegenerative diseases: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne syndrome (CS). The quantitative data on the six lesions obtained from genomic and/or mitochondrial DNA extracts across several XP and CS cell lines are discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to oxidative DNA damage by resulting in the accumulation of cPu and 8-oxo-Pu in DNA. The formation of cPu is the postulated culprit inducing neurological symptoms associated with XP and CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tea Polyphenols Mitigate Radiation-Induced Ferroptosis and Intestinal Injury by Targeting the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Runtian Li, Lintao Li, Haiyang Wu, Hui Gan, Zhuona Wu, Ruolan Gu, Xiaoxia Zhu, Shuchen Liu, Zhiyun Meng, Guifang Dou","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is a significant concern for cancer patients receiving radiation therapy, as it can lead to complications such as radiation enteropathy. Presently, there are limited options for preventing or treating RIII. Tea polyphenols (TP), found in tea, provide various health benefits, but their antiradiation mechanisms are not fully understood. C57BL/6 mice pre-treated with TP for five days showed a significant improvement in survival rates after being exposed to 10 Gy of ⁶⁰Co radiation. In the same way, abdominal exposure to 15 Gy of ⁶⁰Co radiation effectively mitigated radiation-induced colon shortening, damage to intestinal tissues, oxidative stress, the release of inflammatory factors, and disruptions in intestinal microbial balance. In addition, TP treatment lowered the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iron imbalance, mitochondrial damage, and ferroptosis in IEC-6 cells post-irradiation. Utilizing network pharmacology, molecular docking, and affinity testing, we identified that TP has the capability to target the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway, while EGCG, a principal constituent of TP, interacts with HSP90 and mitigates radiation-induced ferroptosis. These findings suggest that TP may serve as a promising therapeutic agent to alleviate radiation-induced intestinal injury (RII).</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isorhamnetin Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury by Reducing ENO1 (Alpha-Enolase) in Cardiomyocytes.","authors":"Zhenli Guo, Shizhong Liu, Xianghong Hou, Xin Zhou, Yan Wang, Yi Rong, Xinzhi Li, Rui Yang, Ketao Ma","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050579","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The protective effect of isorhamnetin on myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol (ISO) was investigated to identify the key targets and pathways involved, offering potential therapeutic insights for cardiovascular diseases. A myocardial injury model was established through intraperitoneal ISO injection, and the effects of isorhamnetin on apoptosis and oxidative stress in ISO-induced myocardial injury rats were assessed. Additionally, an ISO-induced H9c2 cell injury model was established to evaluate the impact of isorhamnetin on cellular damage. The transcriptomic sequencing of H9c2 cells was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes, followed by gene enrichment analysis. Intracellular glucose, lactate, and ATP levels were quantified, and the protein expression of key pathway targets ENO1, PPARα, and PGC-1α was analyzed via immunoblotting. Isorhamnetin improved cardiac function and morphological damage, reduced serum markers of cardiac injury, and exerted cardioprotective effects by regulating oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. Compared to the ISO group, the glycolytic process-with ENO1 as a key target and the PPAR signaling pathway as the core regulator-was significantly suppressed in the isorhamnetin-pretreated group. Furthermore, isorhamnetin pretreatment reduced intracellular glucose and lactate levels while increasing ATP content in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that isorhamnetin protects the heart by inhibiting ENO1, activating the PPARα/PGC-1α signaling axis, reversing isoprenaline-induced metabolic shifts in H9c2 cells, suppressing glycolysis, and enhancing ATP release, thereby mitigating apoptosis and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoids in Skin Photoaging: Unveiling Protective Effects, Molecular Insights, and Safety and Bioavailability Frontiers.","authors":"Yingchao Ma, Chengxiang Li, Wanping Su, Zhongshi Sun, Shuo Gao, Wei Xie, Bo Zhang, Liying Sui","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050577","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin photoaging, driven primarily by ultraviolet radiation, remains a critical dermatological concern. Carotenoids, a class of natural pigments with potent antioxidant properties, have emerged as promising agents for preventing and mitigating photoaging. This review comprehensively integrates current understanding regarding the triggers of skin photoaging, oxidative stress and their associated signal pathways, the photoprotective roles and mechanisms of carotenoids, as well as their bioavailability. Common C₄₀ carotenoids, such as β-carotene, lycopene, astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin demonstrate remarkable antioxidant activity, primarily attributed to their conjugated double bond structures. Many studies have demonstrated that both oral and topical administration of these C₄₀ carotenoids can effectively alleviate skin photoaging. Specifically, they play a crucial role in promoting the formation of a new skin barrier and enhancing the production of collagen and elastin, key structural proteins essential for maintaining skin integrity and elasticity. Mechanistically, these carotenoids combat photoaging by effectively scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulating oxidative stress responsive signal pathways, including MAPK, Nrf2, and NF-κB. Notably, we also anticipate the anti-photoaging potential of novel carotenoids, with a particular emphasis on bacterioruberin, a C₅₀ carotenoid derived from halophilic archaea. Bacterioruberin exhibits a superior radical scavenging capacity, outperforming the conventional C₄₀ carotenoids. Furthermore, when considering the application of carotenoids, aspects such as safe dosage, bioavailability, and possible long term usage issues, including allergies and pigmentation disorders, must be taken into account. This review underscores the anti-photoaging mechanism of carotenoids, providing strategies and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of photoaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Antioxidant Compounds from Citrus Waste in Modulating Neuroinflammation: A Sustainable Solution.","authors":"Alessia Silla, Angela Punzo, Cristiana Caliceti, Maria Cristina Barbalace, Silvana Hrelia, Marco Malaguti","doi":"10.3390/antiox14050581","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14050581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In normal conditions, neuroinflammation induces microglia and astrocyte activation to maintain brain homeostasis. However, excessive or prolonged neuroinflammation can inflict harmful damage on brain tissue. Numerous factors can trigger chronic neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. In this context, considering the pressing need for novel, natural approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory damage, attention has turned to unconventional sources such as agricultural by-products. Citrus fruits are widely consumed globally, producing substantial waste, including peels, seeds, and pulp. Traditionally regarded as agricultural waste, these by-products are now recognized as valuable reservoirs of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, and limonoids. Among these, citrus polyphenols-particularly flavanones like hesperidin, naringenin, and eriocitrin-have emerged as potent modulators of neuroinflammatory pathways through their multifaceted interactions with cellular antioxidant systems, pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, neurovascular integrity, and gut-brain axis dynamics. This review aims to characterize the key molecules present in citrus waste and synthesizes preclinical and clinical evidence to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}