Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"Brine Enriched with Olive Wastewater Phenols: A Green Strategy to Reduce Nitrites in Cooked Ham.","authors":"Dario Mercatante, Stefania Balzan, Sonia Esposto, Sara Barbieri, Federico Fontana, Luca Fasolato, Vincenzo De Rosa, Maurizio Servili, Agnese Taticchi, Enrico Novelli, Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091124","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of brine enriched with an olive vegetation water (OVW) extract on the physico-chemical, oxidative, and sensory characteristics of cooked ham during storage, as a strategy to partially or totally replace nitrites. Four brines formulated with different concentrations of nitrites in combination with 200 mg of OVW extract/kg product were tested; the cooked ham samples were sliced, placed in trays, packed in a protective atmosphere, and monitored for 30 days at 4 °C. The results showed that phenolic compounds derived from OVW effectively reduced lipid and protein oxidation, limiting the formation of secondary oxidation products such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, volatile aldehydes, and cholesterol oxides. Sensory analysis confirmed that the extract did not negatively affect the organoleptic properties of the ham, while also helping to preserve color stability. These findings suggest that brine enriched with OVW phenols can be a promising green strategy to reduce nitrites in cooked ham, which also promotes the sustainable valorization of olive oil by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Synechococcus</i> sp. PCC 7002 Performs Anoxygenic Photosynthesis and Deploys Divergent Strategies to Cope with H₂S_n and H₂O₂.","authors":"Yafei Wang, Yue Meng, Hongwei Ren, Ranran Huang, Jihua Liu, Daixi Liu","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091122","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis have long been considered defining traits of cyanobacteria. However, whether the important cyanobacterial genus <i>Synechococcus</i> is capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis remains unconfirmed. Here, we report that <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. PCC 7002 is capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis when sulfide (H₂S) is supplied as the sole electron donor. Combining the targeted deletion of the sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase gene (Δ<i>sqr</i>) with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) mediated the inhibition of photosystem II. We demonstrated that SQR-mediated H₂S oxidation sustains light-dependent CO₂ fixation in the absence of O₂ evolution. Our genome-wide transcriptomic profiling further revealed that polysulfide (H₂S_n) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) function as distinct signaling molecules in oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis, modulating central carbon and energy metabolism. In central carbon metabolism, H₂S_n markedly upregulates the expression of key genes, including <i>psbA</i>, <i>petC</i>, <i>rbcL</i>, and <i>rbcS</i>, whereas H₂O₂ downregulates these genes. Within energy metabolism, both molecules converge on oxidative phosphorylation by upregulating genes encoding NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase. Furthermore, H₂Sₙ treatment uniquely induces sulfur-assimilation and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, conferring a markedly higher tolerance than H₂O₂. These findings provide direct evidence of anoxygenic photosynthesis in the genus <i>Synechococcus</i> and uncover a dual regulatory network that allows <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. PCC 7002 to balance redox homeostasis under fluctuating oxic/anoxic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depolymerization and Nanoliposomal Encapsulation of Grape Seed Condensed Tannins: Physicochemical Characterization, Stability, In Vitro Release and Bioaccessibility.","authors":"Carolina F Morales, Marcela Zamorano, Natalia Brossard, Andreas Rosenkranz, Fernando A Osorio","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091123","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Condensed tannins from grape seed residues show high antioxidant activity but low oral bioavailability because of their high degree of polymerization and covalent interactions with proteins. This study aimed to improve their bioaccessibility through depolymerization and encapsulation. Depolymerization was carried out using microwave-assisted SN1 reactions with gallic acid as a nucleophile under food-grade conditions, mainly producing epicatechin monomers with 99.8% polymer degradation efficiency. Importantly, the inhibition of ABTS●+ and DPPH● radicals remained unaffected (<i>p</i> > 0.05), indicating that depolymerization preserved the antioxidants' redox function, maintaining about 90% of their inhibition activity. The products were encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine liposomes, which had nanometric sizes and high encapsulation efficiency (83.11%), and remained stable for up to 60 days. In vitro release of nanoliposomal epicatechin in a D1 simulant was less than 10% after 48 h, fitting a Weibull model (β = 0.07), suggesting sub-diffusive transport and demonstrating high bioactive retention capacity in aqueous systems. During in vitro digestion, bioaccessibility of gallic acid and epicatechin reached 95.61 ± 0.58% and 98.56 ± 0.81%, respectively, with a 2333% increase in the bioaccessible mass of flavan-3-ols in native liposomal condensed tannins, which otherwise showed no detectable bioaccessibility. These findings highlight the potential of polyphenols from agro-industrial waste with enhanced bioaccessibility for applications in nutraceuticals and functional foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PTEN/PKM2/ERα-Driven Glyoxalase 1 Overexpression Sustains PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Growth Through MG-H1/RAGE Pathway Desensitization Leading to H₂O₂-Dependent KRIT1 Downregulation.","authors":"Dominga Manfredelli, Camilla Torcoli, Marilena Pariano, Guido Bellezza, Tiziano Baroni, Vincenzo N Talesa, Angelo Sidoni, Cinzia Antognelli","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091120","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) functions as a catalyst that neutralizes methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive glycating agent predominantly produced during glycolysis-a metabolic pathway upregulated in cancer cells. MG primarily reacts with the amino groups of proteins (especially at arginine residues), leading to the formation of a major advanced glycation end product known as MG-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1). We previously demonstrated in PC3 human prostate cancer (PCa) cells that the PTEN/PKM2/ERα axis promotes their aggressive phenotype by regulating the Glo1/MG-H1 pathway. In this study, after confirming our earlier findings, we investigated the downstream mechanisms of the PTEN/PKM2/ERα/Glo1/MG-H1 axis in controlling PC3 cell growth, focusing on the role of RAGE, a high-affinity receptor for MG-H1; hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂); and Krev interaction trapped 1 (KRIT1), an emerging tumor suppressor. Using genetic approaches and specific inhibitors/scavengers, we demonstrated that the PTEN/PKM2/ERα/Glo1/MG-H1 axis promotes PC3 cell growth-measured by proliferation and etoposide-induced apoptosis resistance-through a mechanism involving MG-H1/RAGE pathway desensitization that leads to H₂O₂-mediated KRIT1 downregulation. These findings support and expand the role of PTEN signaling in PCa progression and shed light on novel mechanistic pathways driven by MG-dependent glycative stress, involving KRIT1, in this still incurable stage of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms of Action, Therapeutic Effects and Future Directions.","authors":"Agnieszka Nowacka, Maciej Śniegocki, Ewa Ziółkowska","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091121","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive and treatment-resistant primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. Increasing evidence implicates oxidative stress as a central driver of its pathogenesis, progression, and resistance to therapy. The dynamic interplay between oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms is fundamental to understanding GBM biology and shaping novel therapeutic approaches. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the multifaceted role of redox biology in glioblastoma, highlighting the molecular mechanisms through which oxidative stress influences tumor proliferation, survival, immune evasion, and metabolic adaptation. Particular focus is given to the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia-driven reactive oxygen species, redox-regulating enzymes, and the immunosuppressive conditions fostered by oxidative stress. Antioxidants, in this context, demonstrate a dual role: while they can mitigate oxidative damage, their effects on cancer cells and treatment outcomes vary depending on the therapeutic setting. We further examine emerging strategies that target oxidative pathways, including small-molecule inhibitors, redox-modulating agents, and combinatorial approaches with standard treatments, while also addressing the complexities posed by antioxidant interventions. Preclinical and clinical findings are reviewed to underscore both the opportunities and challenges of exploiting redox vulnerabilities in GB. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of oxidative stress dynamics and antioxidant regulation may guide the development of innovative therapies that overcome resistance and improve outcomes for patients facing this devastating malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Infrared Light Attenuates Mitochondrial Hyperactivity and Accelerates Restoration of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in an Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Model.","authors":"Lucynda Pham, Tasnim Arroum, Paul T Morse, Jamie Bell, Moh H Malek, Thomas H Sanderson, Maik Hüttemann","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091119","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury following stroke results in increased neuronal cell death due to mitochondrial hyperactivity. Ischemia results in loss of regulatory phosphorylations on cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (COX) and cytochrome <i>c</i> of the electron transport chain (ETC), priming COX for hyperactivity. During reperfusion, the ETC operates at maximal speed, resulting in hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We have shown that COX-inhibitory near-infrared light (IRL) provides neuroprotection in small and large animal models of brain I/R injury. IRL therapy is non-invasive and non-pharmacological and does not rely on blood flow. We identified specific wavelengths of IRL, 750 and 950 nm, that inhibit COX activity. To model the mitochondrial effects following neuronal I/R, SH-SY5Y cells underwent oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) ± IRL applied at the time of reoxygenation. Untreated cells exhibited ΔΨ_m hyperpolarization, whereas IRL treated cells showed no significant difference compared to control. IRL treatment suppressed ROS production, decreased the level of cell death, and reduced the time to normalize mitochondrial activity to baseline levels from 4-5 to 2.5 h of reperfusion time. We show that IRL treatment is protective by limiting ΔΨ_m hyperpolarization and ROS production, and by speeding up cellular recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multielemental Profile for Seminal Plasma Through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Relationship with Seminal Parameters, Spermatic Biomarkers, and Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Andrea López-Botella, Natalia Cenitagoya-Alonso, Raquel Sánchez-Romero, Paula Sáez-Espinosa, Miranda Hernández-Falcó, María José Gómez-Torres, José Luis Todolí-Torró","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091118","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the decline in human fertility by analyzing the multielemental profile of seminal plasma and its relationship with seminal parameters and sperm biomarkers. Twenty-nine donor seminal plasma samples were examined using inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). Method optimization demonstrated that robust plasma conditions, including internal standardization and helium (He) collision gas, were essential to achieve reliable quantification. These conditions mitigated matrix effects and spectroscopic interferences, despite lower sensitivity. Elements such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and chromium (Cr) were quantified, and several significant correlations were identified. Specifically, Cu was negatively correlated with seminal volume and positively correlated with sperm concentration and spontaneous acrosome reacted sperm, but negatively correlated with medium mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); Mn showed negative associations with sperm vitality and medium MMP; Fe showed a negative correlation with motile sperm concentration (4 h); V was positively correlated with acrosome reacted sperm after acrosome reaction induction and with very low/medium MMP, whereas it was negatively associated with tyrosine phosphorylation; and Cr also showed a negative correlation with tyrosine phosphorylation. As, Mo, and Pb were detected in a few samples, limiting correlation analysis. From a functional perspective, elements such as As and Pb, as well as excess Cu or Fe, may contribute to oxidative stress by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and impairing antioxidant defenses. Conversely, essential metals, including Mn and Cu, at physiological concentrations act as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes and play a protective role against oxidative damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Fruits of <i>Catalpa bignonioides</i> Walt.: Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Activities in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells in Relation to Phytochemical Profile.","authors":"Clizia Bernardi, Thomas Gaslonde, Federica Finetti, Salim Benmaouche, Giulia Macrì, Annabelle Dugay, Claire Cuyamendous, Chouaha Bouzidi, Monica Rosa Loizzo, Philippe Belmont, Rosa Tundis, Lorenza Trabalzini, Brigitte Deguin","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091116","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chemical profiles and potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the aqueous extract and fractions of fresh <i>Catalpa bignonioides</i> fruits were studied. Iridoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds represent the main phytochemical classes. Nine of the ten iridoids detected are acyl-iridoids. Significant amounts of catalpol and catalposide were found. The antioxidant activity of iridoids was demonstrated by HPTLC analysis coupled with a DPPH derivatization and by applying four in vitro tests, such as DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and the β-carotene bleaching test. <i>C. bignonioides</i> extract and fractions were also evaluated for their anti-cancer activity using in vitro models of colorectal cancer (HT29 and HCT166 cell lines), and focusing on the effect of the different fractions on inflammation and oxidative stress, key factors that drive the onset and progression of colon cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Hybrid Peptide DEFB126 (1-39)-TP5 Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress by Neutralizing LPS and Blocking the TLR4/MD2-NFκB Signaling Axis.","authors":"Yuan Tang, Xuelian Zhao, Zetao Ding, Junyong Wang, Jing Zhang, Yichen Zhou, Marhaba Ahmat, Hao Wang, Yang Zhu, Baseer Ahmad, Zaheer Abbas, Dayong Si, Rijun Zhang, Xubiao Wei","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091117","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an essential structural molecule in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is recognized as a principal trigger of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Thus, the control and clearance of LPS is essential to inhibit LPS-induced excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver injury. In recent years, some native bioactive peptides, such as human β-defensin 126 (DEFB126) and thymopentin (TP5), have been reported to have inhibitory effects against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the cytotoxicity, weak stability, and poor biological activity have hindered their practical application and clinical development. The development of novel hybrid peptides is a promising approach for overcoming these problems. In this study, we designed a novel hybrid peptide [DTP, DEFB126 (1-39)-TP5] that combines the active center of DEFB126 and full-length thymopentin (TP5). Compared to the parental peptides, DTP has a longer half-life, lower cytotoxicity, and greater anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of DTP were demonstrated in a murine LPS-induced sepsis model, which showed that DTP successfully inhibited the indicators associated with LPS-induced liver injury; decreased the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; increased the level of glutathione (GSH); and improved the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, our study revealed that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of DTP were associated with LPS neutralization, blockade of LPS binding to the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, reduction in reactive oxygen species content, and inhibition of the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-кB) signaling pathway. These results elucidate the structural and functional properties of the peptide DTP, reveal its underlying molecular mechanisms, and shed light on its potential as a multifunctional agent for applications in agriculture, food technology, and clinical therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Metabolic Pathway Changes in Common Carp Muscle Under Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Yongxiang Liu, Bing Li, Yiran Hou, Linjun Zhou, Qiqin Yang, Chengfeng Zhang, Hongwei Li, Jian Zhu, Rui Jia","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091115","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a ubiquitous reactive oxygen species in aquatic ecosystems, has been shown to induce toxicological effects in aquatic animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying H₂O₂-mediated alterations in muscle quality and metabolic homeostasis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we performed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in fish muscle tissue. Common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) were randomized into two groups: a control group (0.0 mM H₂O₂) and an H₂O₂-treated group (1.0 mM H₂O₂) for a 14-day exposure. Following the exposure, comprehensive analyses, including fatty acid composition, amino acid profiles, and multi-omics sequencing, were conducted to elucidate the metabolic responses to oxidative stress. The results showed neither the amino acid nor the fatty acid composition exhibited significant modifications following H₂O₂ exposure. Metabolomic profiling identified 83 upregulated and 89 downregulated metabolites, predominantly comprising organic acids and derivatives, lipids and lipid-like molecules. These differential metabolites were associated with histidine and purine-derived alkaloid biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathways. Transcriptomic analysis identified 470 upregulated and 451 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in muscle tissue development and transcriptional regulatory activity. KEGG analysis revealed significant enrichment in oxidative phosphorylation, adipocytokine signaling, and PPAR signaling pathways. The elevated oxidative phosphorylation activity and upregulated adipocytokine/PPAR signaling pathways collectively indicate H₂O₂-induced metabolic dysregulation in carp muscle. Through the integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics, this study offers novel insights into the toxicity of H₂O₂ in aquatic environments, elucidates adaptive mechanisms of farmed fish to oxidative stress, and provides a theoretical basis for developing antioxidant strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}