Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"From Waste to Health: Upcycling Agrifood By-Products into Functional Antioxidant-Rich Ingredients and Products.","authors":"Ítala M G Marx, Feliciano Priego-Capote","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091191","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, agrifood by-products have undergone a remarkable transformation in scientific perception [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic Landscape of Spermatozoa Under Inflammatory and Oxidative Injury: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.","authors":"Emanuela Teveroni, Michela Cicchinelli, Edoardo Vergani, Salvatore Raia, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Urbani, Domenico Milardi, Federica Iavarone","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091192","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility is a multifactorial condition in which conventional semen analysis provides limited insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying sperm dysfunction. Inflammatory and oxidative processes are major contributors to impaired male reproductive function, acting through interconnected alterations in redox homeostasis, immune activation, and protein integrity. Because mature spermatozoa have minimal transcriptional and translational capacity, oxidative and inflammatory damage to proteins may persist and substantially affect motility, capacitation, fertilization competence, and reproductive outcomes. This review examines how sperm proteomics can characterize the molecular landscape of inflammatory and oxidative injury in male infertility. Particular attention is given to pre-analytical variables, sperm purification, protein extraction, bottom-up LC-MS/MS workflows, data-dependent and data-independent acquisition, quantitative strategies, and targeted or orthogonal validation. Proteomic evidence identifies coordinated remodeling of flagellar and motility proteins, Ca²⁺-signaling networks, mitochondrial bioenergetics, antioxidant defenses, membrane-associated pathways, and proteins involved in sperm-oocyte interaction. These signatures may improve mechanistic patient stratification and support the development of biomarker panels linked to clinically relevant endpoints. Nevertheless, routine implementation remains limited by methodological heterogeneity, inadequate standardization, small study populations, and insufficient prospective validation. Integrating proteomic signatures with redox, inflammatory, clinical, and reproductive outcome data may facilitate the transition from descriptive semen assessment and empirical treatment toward mechanism-based precision andrology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress and Its Mitigation in Neurodegenerative Disorders.","authors":"David Allan Butterfield","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091190","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is significant evidence that, in neurodegenerative disorders, oxidative stress in the brain is fundamental to the pathophysiology and progression of such conditions, among which is Alzheimer disease (AD) [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2,4,5-trimethoxy-2'-trifluoromethylchalcone Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome-Associated Inflammation in Experimental Models of Crystal-Induced Inflammation.","authors":"Laura Catalán, Isabel García-Arnandis, María Carmen Terencio, María José Alcaraz, María Luisa Ferrándiz, María Carmen Montesinos, María Carmen Carceller","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091197","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crystal-induced arthropathies, including gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, are characterized by activation of inflammatory and oxidative pathways involving nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, inflammasome activation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-2'-trifluoromethylchalcone (CH) in experimental models of crystal-induced inflammation and gouty arthritis. CH was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages and in murine models of CPPD crystal-induced air pouch inflammation and monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gouty arthritis. Cytokine production was determined by ELISA, whereas NF-κB and caspase-1 activation were evaluated by Western blot. ROS generation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were also assessed. CH reduced interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 production in activated macrophages and attenuated lactate dehydrogenase release associated with pyroptosis. Mechanistically, CH reduced p65 NF-κB phosphorylation, caspase-1 activation, and ROS generation while promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation. In vivo, CH reduced leukocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, inflammatory cytokine levels, and paw edema in CPPD- and MSU-induced models. These findings suggest that CH acts as a multitarget compound capable of simultaneously modulating inflammatory and oxidative pathways involved in crystal-induced arthropathies, which may represent a potential advantage over approaches targeting a single inflammatory pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Redox Marker Profiles and Neuroaxonal Degeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.","authors":"Minoo Sharbafshaaer, Roberta Pepe, Elvira Cortini, Teresa Biscardi, Rosaria Notariale, Nicolò Mesini, Elisabetta Zucchi, Jessica Mandrioli, Alessandro Tessitore, Paolo Bergamo, Francesca Trojsi","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091194","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and the blood plasma accumulation of neurofilament light chain (NfL) are key markers for tracking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression. Based on recent studies indicating that dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may boost antioxidant enzyme activity in ALS patients, in this study, ALSFRS-R scores (and subscores), NfL and thiol-bound protein (P-SH) levels, and intracellular activity of antioxidant enzymes (G6PD and GSR) were measured in ALS patients after 6 months (T6) of treatment with riluzole (R) or riluzole + CLA (R + CLA); we also investigated the correlations between these markers. At baseline (T0), G6PD activity in the R group was positively correlated with ALSFRS-R score (<i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas plasma P-SH levels in the R + CLA group were inversely correlated with ALSFRS-R score (<i>p</i> = 0.033). No significant baseline association was found between NfL levels and total ALSFRS-R score in the R group. At six months (T6), GSR and G6PD activities in the R + CLA group were significantly higher than in the R group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation between plasma NfL levels and ALSFRS-R total score emerged at T6 exclusively in the R group (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Subscore analysis at T6 showed that plasma NfL levels negatively correlated with bulbar function in both groups (R: <i>p</i> = 0.010; R + CLA: <i>p</i> = 0.020) and with fine motor function in the R group (<i>p</i> = 0.031); whereas no significant correlation was observed for the respiratory subscore in either treatment group. These findings are consistent with an enhanced antioxidant activity associated with CLA supplementation. Overall, these preliminary exploratory results suggest that systemic redox biomarkers and plasma NfL may provide complementary, non-redundant information on distinct aspects of ALS pathobiology, though their precise temporal and mechanistic interactions require confirmation by dedicated longitudinal studies. The need for the combined use of neurodegeneration and oxidative-stress biomarkers for monitoring the progression of ALS is highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Signaling Pathways in Depression and Neuroinflammation: Focus on New Pathophysiological Proteins and Therapeutic Compounds.","authors":"Hyeong Jae Kim, Jeong-Hee Kim, Young-Don Son, Jong-Hoon Kim, Jeong Hee Hong","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091195","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation is a multifaceted process in which specific biomolecules (such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling proteins) act as primary mediators of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. Despite growing evidence, the precise interconnected cascades within these neuroinflammatory signaling pathways and their regulatory proteins remain to be fully elucidated, which presents a significant unmet need for targeted therapeutic strategies with clear mechanistic validation. Accordingly, the present review analyzes the impact of neuroinflammation on the pathophysiology of depression in various rodent models. We explore the regulatory mechanisms by which factors such as oxidative stress, calcium signaling, and inflammasome-mediated inflammation affect neurotransmitter synthesis and neuronal integrity. Furthermore, we elucidate the therapeutic potential of synthetic compounds and naturally derived agents targeting these specific molecular pathways. Based on a systematic literature search, this review focuses exclusively on pharmacological agents with clearly defined molecular mechanisms and rigorous depression-associated in vivo validation, thereby providing promising therapeutic strategies for the restoration of neurobiological homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Flavour Profile of Lingzhi (<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>) Mycelium Fermented by <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>: A Dual-Modelling Approach to Umami Synergy and Antioxidant Capacity.","authors":"Yutong Gu, Zhiyu Zhao, Rushan Lakshitha, Tony Chen, Kevin Kantono, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, Siva Raseetha, Nazimah Hamid","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091196","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The broader application of Lingzhi (<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>) in functional foods is fundamentally restricted by its intense, triterpenoid-driven bitterness. This study investigated the biochemical changes in Lingzhi mushroom mycelium (LMM) over a 10-day controlled fermentation with <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>. To evaluate bioactivity enhancement, a dual predictive modelling strategy (Partial Least Squares Regression [PLSR] and elastic-net) was applied to the non-volatile metabolite matrix, identifying model-supported candidate contributors to TPC and FRAP antioxidant responses. Concurrently, fermentation significantly transformed the matrix, yielding an estimated 24-fold increase in synergistic umami intensity, with Equivalent Umami Concentration (EUC) increasing from 0.27 to 6.49 g MSG/100 g fermented LMM by Day 10. This increase was primarily driven by the accumulation of glutamic acid (Taste Activity Value [TAV] = 1.27) and its potent synergy with 5'-GMP (TAV = 2.82). Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of GC-MS volatile data revealed a distinct temporal transition from lipid-derived aldehydes to microbially generated 'mushroom' alcohols and mid-fermentation esters, suggesting enhanced aromatic complexity. These findings indicate that targeted <i>L. plantarum</i> fermentation can convert raw LMM into a bioactive ingredient with enhanced umami and antioxidant capacity suggesting potential for improved palatability that warrants sensory confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chlorogenic Acid-Rich <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Extract Supplementation During Late Gestation and Lactation on Maternal Health, Colostrum Composition, and Neonatal Intestinal Development.","authors":"Yan Zhang, Hongda Pan, Anting Mao, Lianjiang Zhang, Hexuan Qu, Seongho Choi, Shuang Liang","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091198","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorogenic acid (CGA)-rich extract from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> (CAE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, systematic investigations of its maternal effects on offspring development from late gestation through lactation are limited. This study investigated the effects of dietary CAE supplementation in sows during late gestation and lactation on maternal and offspring outcomes. Sows were randomly allocated to receive either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 2000 mg/kg CAE. Compared with CON, CAE supplementation resulted in elevated maternal serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activity, as well as immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) levels (<i>q</i> < 0.05). Placental villus capillary density and antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT, were also greater (<i>q</i> < 0.05), accompanied by increased colostrum IgG concentration (<i>q</i> < 0.01). The CAE group exhibited greater litter-mean birth weight (<i>q</i> < 0.05). Offspring average daily gain (ADG) from birth to weaning was greater (<i>p</i> < 0.01), alongside higher serum T-AOC and CAT activity and immunoglobulin levels (<i>q</i> < 0.05) and enhanced intestinal morphological indices, including duodenal villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio (VH/CD) (<i>q</i> < 0.001). Fecal microbiota beta diversity differed between groups (ANOSIM: R = 0.687, <i>p</i> = 0.001), with phylum-level enrichment of <i>Firmicutes_A</i> and <i>Spirochaetota</i> and reduction in <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Fusobacteriota</i>, alongside significant changes in multiple bacterial genera (<i>q</i> < 0.05). Exploratory metabolomic profiling of colostrum identified metabolite alterations associated with increased vitamin E acetate and 4-hydroxyacetophenone, altered amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles, and modified phospholipid signatures. These findings suggest that maternal CAE supplementation enhances maternal antioxidant status, alters placental microvascular morphology, modifies colostrum composition, and improves neonatal metrics and postnatal intestinal development. Because CAE supplementation spanned both late gestation and lactation, the relative contributions of gestational versus lactational exposure cannot be isolated; the functional significance of observed microbiota and metabolomic shifts requires further investigation through temporally partitioned experimental designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Associated Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Rongyu Wang, Yingyu Luo, Liying Liu, Jingwen Zhang, Rong Li, Nannan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091193","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation and associated with systemic oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue dysfunction promotes the overproduction of reactive oxygen species through multiple mechanisms, including NADPH oxidase activation, mitochondrial electron transport chain leakage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress via mitochondria-associated ER membranes. The resulting oxidative stress damages lipids, proteins, and DNA, while activating redox-sensitive signaling pathways that perpetuate inflammation and insulin resistance. Moreover, obesity impairs endogenous antioxidant defense systems, including reduced activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, as well as magnesium deficiency that compromises glutathione synthesis. This review synthesizes current knowledge of molecular mechanisms linking obesity to oxidative stress and discusses key biomarker categories, including lipid peroxidation products, protein oxidation markers, DNA damage markers, adipokine ratios, and microRNAs. We also evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting obesity-associated oxidative stress, with emphasis on lifestyle interventions, pharmacological agents, and dietary compounds including resveratrol, curcumin, lycopene, and astaxanthin. Understanding the relationship between obesity and oxidative stress is essential for developing mechanism-directed therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCSK9 Inhibition Attenuates Renal Oxidative Stress and Lipotoxicity in Diabetic Kidney Disease in Association with AMPK Activation.","authors":"Keum-Jin Yang, Sunha Lee, Sungmi Kim, Sojung Youn, Hwajin Park, Yunkyeong Hwang, Suyeon Han, Yoon-Kyung Chang, Cheol Whee Park, Yu Ah Hong","doi":"10.3390/antiox15091182","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox15091182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal lipotoxicity and oxidative stress are major contributors to diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and its relationship with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling remain unclear. We investigated the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on renal lipotoxicity and oxidative stress in <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> mice and high-glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells using a selective PCSK9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) with or without <i>AMPKα1</i>/<i>α2</i> small interfering RNA (siRNA). PCSK9i significantly reduced albuminuria, renal injury, histopathological changes, and intrarenal lipid accumulation without altering glycemic control. These effects were accompanied by increased low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression, reduced cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) expression, enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression, reduced sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression, restored carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) expression, modulated protein kinase B (Akt)/forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling, and reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Similar findings were observed in HG-treated HK-2 cells. Importantly, AMPK knockdown attenuated the protective effects of PCSK9i on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HK-2 cells. PCSK9 inhibition attenuates renal lipotoxicity and oxidative stress in DKD, providing a preclinical rationale for further investigation of the renal metabolic effects of PCSK9-directed therapies and their association with AMPK activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}