Silicon最新文献

{"title":"Quadruple Metal Gate Work Function Engineering to Enhance Sensitivity of Junctionless Cylindrical Gate All Around In0.53Ga0.47As Nanowire MOSFET Based Biosensor for Neutral Biomolecule Species Detection for the Upcoming Sub 14 nm Technology Node","authors":"Sanjay,&nbsp;Vibhor Kumar,&nbsp;Anil Vohra","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03750-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03750-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a biosensor based on a junctionless cylindrical gate all around (CGAA) In_0.53Ga_0.47As nanowire MOSFET that uses the Dielectric Modulation (DM) technique and quadruple metal (QM) gate engineering to detect neutral biomolecules species such as uricase, streptavidin, protein, biotin, choline oxidase, and APTES, among others, electrically and without labels. A nanogap cavity region is created in the JL In_0.53Ga_0.47As NW MOSFET for biomolecule immobilization by etching the gate oxide layer above the Al₂O₃ interfacial layer. The sensing parameters for biomolecule detection in a dry environment have been the change in the drain current (I_D), threshold voltage (V_TH), off-current sensitivity (S_Ioff), threshold voltage sensitivity (S_Vth), I_ON/I_OFF current ratio, and subthreshold slope (SS) of the device. The current study adds a novel, previously unrecognized biomolecule sensing metric—SS—to the existing literature. In contrast to the results found in previous research, the sensitivity metrics for JL In_0.53Ga_0.47As NW, such as a smaller DIBL (56.39 mV/V), a smaller S_Ioff (2.64 × 10^-3), a higher S_Vth (10), a nearly perfect subthreshold slope (SS) (60 mV/dec), and a higher I_ON/I_OFF current ratio (6.83 × 10⁸), have been acquired in this work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 12","pages":"3897 - 3906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Silane Treatment and Stacking Order on Mechanical, Low Velocity Impact and Drilling Behaviour of Kevlar/Tithonia diversifolia Natural Stem Fiber-epoxy Composite","authors":"L. Natrayan,&nbsp;Seeniappan Kaliappan,&nbsp;S. Saravana Kumar,&nbsp;T. Mothilal,&nbsp;Ramya M,&nbsp;Vinayagam Mohanavel,&nbsp;M. Ravi Chandran,&nbsp;Manzore Elahi M. Soudagar","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03745-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03745-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Kevlar/<i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> natural stem fiber-epoxy composites were investigated for their mechanical, impact, and drilling properties, focusing on the effects of stacking order, fiber orientation, and silane treatment. Three stacking orders were analysed, 90° stacking order (N/K/K/N, K/N/N/K, N/K/N/K) in the A-series, ± 45° stacking order (N/K/K/N, K/N/N/K, N/K/N/K) in the B-series, and ± 45° stacking order with silane treatment (N/K/K/N, K/N/N/K, N/K/N/K) in the C-series. The results revealed that specimen C3 from the C-series exhibited the highest overall performance, achieving a tensile strength of 142 MPa, flexural strength of 156 MPa, and Shore-D hardness of 84, marking an 18.33% increase in tensile strength, 10.64% improvement in flexural strength, and a 5% increase in hardness compared to C1. The Izod impact test confirmed C3's superior impact resistance, recording 4.07 J, a 58.37% increase from C1, while low-velocity impact tests showed the highest energy absorption at 8.6 J with a 16.4 ms impact duration. The drilling tests demonstrated minimal hole expansion, with C3 achieving the most precise drilling results at 4.06 mm and 8.07 mm for 4 mm and 8 mm drills, respectively, confirming reduced fiber pull-out and improved machinability. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed strong fiber-matrix adhesion, reduced voids, and shear fracture patterns in C3, indicating efficient energy dissipation and enhanced structural integrity. The findings suggest that optimized stacking order and silane treatment significantly improve the performance of Kevlar/<i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> natural stemfiber-epoxy composites, making them suitable for high-strength, impact-resistant, and precision machining applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 12","pages":"3871 - 3881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple Metal Gate Work Function Engineering to Enhance DC and Analog/RF Parameters of Junctionless Double Surrounding Gate Ge Nanotube MOSFET with High-κ Dielectric for the Upcoming Sub 3 nm Technology Node","authors":"Sanjay,&nbsp;Vibhor Kumar,&nbsp;Anil Vohra","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03748-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03748-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates triple-metal (TM) gate work-function engineering applied to both junctionless (JL) and inversion-mode (IM) double surrounding gate (DSG) germanium (Ge) nanotube (NT) MOSFETs for sub-3-nm technology nodes. A comprehensive analysis of DC and analog/RF performance metrics is performed, including drain current (I_D), transconductance (g_m), transconductance gain factor (TGF), cutoff frequency (f_T), transconductance frequency product (FTP), intrinsic time constant (τ), and total series resistance (R_SD+CH), for a gate length of 3 nm, using Silvaco ATLAS 3D TCAD. Carrier transport is modeled using the Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) formalism, self-consistently coupled with the Schrödinger and Poisson equations. The IM Ge NT device employs a lightly doped channel, Al₂O₃ gate dielectric with a thickness of 0.8 nm, and a Ge nanotube channel radius of 1.5 nm. A detailed comparison between IM and JL TM-DSG GeNT MOSFETs is presented. To ensure a fair comparison, the doping concentration of the JL GeNT is optimized under two conditions: (i) matching the ON-state current (I_ON) of the IM device and (ii) achieving an identical threshold voltage (V_TH). The results demonstrate that the OFF-state current (I_OFF) of the JL device is approximately 15.81 times and 11.67 times lower than that of the IM device under matched I_ON and V_TH conditions, respectively. Consequently, the I_ON/I_OFF ratio of the JL device improves by 15.78 times and 12.52 times, respectively. Furthermore, the JL GeNT MOSFET exhibits a low drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of ~ 30.88 mV/V, a near-ideal subthreshold slope of 60 mV/dec, and a high I_ON/I_OFF ratio of approximately <span>(3.82times {10}^{11})</span>. In addition, enhanced g_m, TGF, f_T, and FTP, along with reduced τ and R_SD+CH, are achieved compared to reported cylindrical gate-all-around (CGAA) MOSFETs in existing literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 12","pages":"3883 - 3896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple Metal Gate Work Function Engineering to Enhance the Performance of Junctionless Cylindrical GAA Ge Nanowire MOSFET with High-κ Dielectric for the Upcoming Sub 3 nm Technology Node","authors":"Sanjay,&nbsp;Vibhor Kumar,&nbsp;Anil Vohra","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03746-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03746-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Present work investigates the DC and Analog/RF characteristics such as the drain current (I_D), Transconductance (g_m), Transconductance Generation Factor (TGF), Cut-off frequency (f_T) Frequency Transconductance Product (FTP), Transit time (τ), and the total resistance of the source region, drain region, and channel resistance (R_SD+CH) for Triple Metal (TM) Inversion Mode (IM) and Junctionless (JL) Cylindrical Gate All Around (CGAA) Germanium nanowire (GeNW) MOSFETs with 3 nm gate length using Silvaco ATLAS 3D TCAD. In this work, the Non-Equilibrium Green Function’s (NEGF) approach along with the self-consistent solution of Schrödinger’s equation and Poisson’s equation has been considered. The channel is taken to be lightly doped in the case of IM TM CGAA GeNW type of device. The effect of TM Gate work function engineering for GeNW channel of diameter 3 nm with gate oxide Al₂O₃ the thickness of 0.8 nm on I_D, g_m, TGF, f_T, τ, FTP and R_SD+CH has been studied. Moreover, a comparative study has been made between IMTM and JLTM CGAA GeNW devices with the above-mentioned parameters. For the JL device, the optimization of doping concentration is performed to get the same (i) I_ON current and (ii) threshold voltage (V_TH) as the IM device. About 9.63 times and 8.89 times reduction in I_OFF is seen for the same I_ON and same V_TH devices respectively as compared to IM device. It has been found that TM Gate variation minimizes drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) in IM and JL devices. The JL GeNW showed much lower DIBL ~ 39.38 mV/V, a near ideal SS ~ 60 mV/dec, and higher I_ON/I_OFF current ratio ~ 4.71 × 10¹¹ which is much better as compared to those reported in the literature for cylindrical gate all around (CGAA) devices. Also, it is found that the JL GeNW device performs better than IM in terms of SS, DIBL, I_ON/I_OFF, g_m, TGF, f_T, τ, FTP and R_SD+CH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 13-14","pages":"4079 - 4088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue, Creep, and Thermal Conductivity Analysis of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Pueraria phaseoloides Stem Fiber and Si3N4 Particles Derived from Polysilicon Dust","authors":"Dipti N. Kashyap,&nbsp;L. Karthick,&nbsp; S.A.Deepak,&nbsp;Nalla Bhanu Teja,&nbsp;R. Prasanna Venkatesh,&nbsp;L. K. Joshila Grace,&nbsp;G. H. Waghmare,&nbsp;L. Ganesh Babu","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03729-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03729-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fatigue, creep, and thermal conductivity performance of epoxy composites reinforced with <i>Pueraria phaseoloides</i> stem fiber and polysilicon dust–derived Si₃N₄ particles were investigated. Prior to fabrication, both the fibers and filler particles were subjected to alkaline treatment followed by silane surface modification to enhance interfacial bonding and dispersion within the epoxy matrix. All composites contained a constant fiber content of 30 vol.% (EC), while the Si₃N₄ particle content was varied as EC0 (0.5 vol.%), EC1 (1.5 vol.%), EC2 (2.5 vol.%), EC3 (3.5 vol.%), and EC4 (4.5 vol.%). Mechanical and thermophysical tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM standards and compared with a neat epoxy reference sample. The results showed a systematic improvement in creep resistance and thermal conductivity with increasing Si₃N₄ content. The EC4 composite exhibited the highest thermal conductivity of 0.519 W/mK, representing an increase of approximately 101% compared with neat epoxy (0.258 W/mK). The same composite also showed the lowest creep strain values of 0.0036, 0.0108, and 0.0143 at 5000 s, 10,000 s, and 15,000 s, corresponding to reductions of about 61%, 27%, and 19%, respectively, relative to pure epoxy. In contrast, the EC2 composite demonstrated superior fatigue performance, achieving fatigue lives of 29,138, 28,935, and 28,320 cycles under 25%, 50%, and 75% ultimate tensile stress (UTS) loading, which correspond to improvements of approximately 211%, 256%, and 334%, respectively, over the neat epoxy system. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed uniform dispersion of Si₃N₄ particles and strong fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion, validating the effectiveness of the surface treatments in enhancing load transfer, suppressing deformation mechanisms, and improving thermal transport in the developed hybrid composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 12","pages":"3861 - 3870"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coal Gangue as a Silicon Source for SiO2 Aerogel and Cellulose-Silica Composite Adsorbents: A Comparative Study on Safranine T Removal","authors":"Peng Wei,&nbsp;Hao Wen,&nbsp;Xu Liu,&nbsp;Kemin Wei,&nbsp;Xichen Zheng,&nbsp;Jia He,&nbsp;Shaoli Fan,&nbsp;Linjuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Gao","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03720-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03720-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the sustainable utilization of coal gangue (CG) and agricultural cellulose as raw materials for synthesizing high-performance adsorbents for dye wastewater treatment. Pure SiO₂ and cellulose–silica composite (C-SAG) aerogels were prepared and characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and BET analyses. Adsorption experiments with Safranine T (ST) showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of C-SAG and SiO₂ aerogels were 49.32 mg·g⁻¹ and 47.50 mg·g⁻¹, respectively, based on Langmuir isotherm fitting at 298 K (pH 6.0, adsorbent dosage: 1.5 g·L⁻¹, contact time: 360 min). Both materials followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption-dominated mechanism. Notably, C-SAG reached adsorption equilibrium more rapidly (90 min) than SiO₂ aerogel (210 min), demonstrating superior kinetic performance. Mechanistic analyses confirmed that adsorption is governed by synergistic effects, including hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, and ion exchange. Although the synthesis cost of C-SAG was slightly higher, economic evaluation revealed a favorable cost-to-performance ratio (E = 1.41 CNY·g⁻¹), defined as the synthesis cost per gram of dye removal capacity. Considering its efficient utilization of industrial and agricultural waste, C-SAG is established as a highly sustainable and economically competitive adsorbent for industrial wastewater remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 12","pages":"3839 - 3859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nickel Electroless Deposition on Silicon Photoanodes: Improved Efficiency and Durability in Solar Water Oxidation","authors":"Saravanan B,&nbsp;Natarajan N","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03749-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03749-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study demonstrates a significant advancement in solar water oxidation efficiency and stability by employing a modified electroless deposition of nickel (Ni) on silicon (Si) photoanodes. Utilizing the intrinsic catalytic activity and corrosion resistance of Ni, a conformal and strongly adhered Ni layer (thickness ≈ 500 nm after 30 min deposition) was synthesized via a solution-based, reducing agent-free process where the Si substrate itself acts as the electron donor for Ni²⁺ reduction. Comprehensive surface and interface characterization via SEM, XPS, and XRD confirmed the formation of a porous interfacial SiO₂ layer (~ 400 nm) that facilitates enhanced charge transfer and electron conduction across the Ni/Si interface. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm²) and 1 M KOH electrolyte revealed a maximal photocurrent density of 27.5 mA/cm² and an onset potential of 1.09 V vs. RHE for Ni-patterned Si photoanodes, with the flat-band potential measured as 0.54 V vs. RHE via Mott-Schottky analyses as graphically abstracted in Fig. 1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated superior catalytic OER activity with minimized charge-transfer resistance compared to conventional sputtered Ni electrodes. Chronoamperometry validated operational durability, with Ni-coated Si photoanodes maintaining &gt; 75% initial photocurrent for 24 h in alkaline media, thus extending feasibility for scalable PEC devices. This modified Ni electroless deposition process on Si offers precise control over film morphology, composition, and adhesion, eliminating toxic reducing agents, and enables scalable fabrication of high-performance Si-based photoanodes for efficient and stable solar fuel production.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 12","pages":"3811 - 3827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Conductivity, DMA, Flammability, and Electrical Conductivity Performance of Surface Modified Passiflora edulis Husk Biochar Toughened Aloe Vera fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite","authors":"K. Hariprasad,&nbsp;S. Sambath,&nbsp;M. R. Anantha Padmanaban,&nbsp;V. Jayaseelan","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03743-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03743-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar derived from <i>Passiflora edulis</i> husk was investigated as a low-cost, renewable functional filler for aloe vera fiber–reinforced polyester composites, with emphasis on improving interfacial compatibility and multifunctional performance. Biochar was produced by pyrolysis and surface modified using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) to enhance matrix–filler interaction. The influence of silane-treated biochar on viscoelastic, flammability, thermal, and electrical properties was systematically evaluated. The composite containing 2 vol. % silanized biochar (PFB5) exhibited the highest electrical conductivity (7.0 × 10^–9 S/m), while 4 vol. % silanized biochar resulted in the lowest flame propagation rate (13.5 mm/min) and the highest thermal conductivity (0.158 W/mK). Dynamic mechanical analysis showed an increased storage modulus of 2.80 GPa and a reduced loss factor of 0.046 at a glass transition temperature of 76 °C. SEM analysis confirmed improved dispersion and interfacial adhesion due to silane treatment. The study demonstrates that controlled silanization and biochar loading enable targeted enhancement of functional and mechanical performance in natural fiber-reinforced polyester composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 12","pages":"3829 - 3838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production & Characterization of Recycled Nutmeg Short Fiber and Butea monosperma Leaf Ash nanosilica Polyester Composite","authors":"Pulakesh Chetia,&nbsp;Arul Jothi G,&nbsp;Rajendran S,&nbsp;Seeniappan Kaliappan","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03739-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03739-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates the mechanical, fatigue, drilling, and wear behavior of polyester-based biocomposites reinforced with nutmeg short fibers and Butea monosperma leaf ash-derived nanosilica. The composites were fabricated via a manual hand lay-up process and characterized according to ASTM standards. The experimental results showed that increasing nanosilica content improved tensile, flexural, impact, and fatigue properties up to an optimal concentration, beyond which filler agglomeration caused slight performance reduction. The WNP2 composite (3 vol.% nanosilica) exhibited superior tensile (140.8 MPa), flexural (149.0 MPa), and impact strength (4.97 J), along with enhanced fatigue life of 25,713 cycles at 25% UTS, 24,264 cycles at 50% UTS, and 22,185 cycles at 75% UTS. Meanwhile, the composite containing 5 vol.% nanosilica showed the highest hardness (98 Shore-D) and best wear resistance, with a wear rate of 0.008 mm³/Nmand a coefficient of friction of 0.40. Drilling analysis revealed increased kerf widths of 3.27 mm (3 mm bit) and 6.24 mm (6 mm bit) for this composition. SEM analysis further confirmed improved fiber-matrix adhesion and reduced wear-induced surface damage in optimally reinforced samples. The developed eco-friendly biocomposite demonstrates strong potential for lightweight structural components in automotive interiors, consumer product housings, and other sustainable engineering applications. This work is novel in integrating silane-treated nutmeg short fibers with Butea monosperma leaf ash-derived nanosilica in a polyester matrix, forming a dual bio-based reinforcement system. The combined reinforcement mechanism improves interfacial adhesion, fatigue resistance, and wear performance, while utilizing two agricultural waste sources, aligning performance enhancement with sustainable materials development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 11","pages":"3793 - 3809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Silica Rich Ceramic Waste as a Fine Aggregate in Concrete","authors":"Archana Kannusamy,&nbsp;Ponmalar Vijayan","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03744-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03744-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, the demand for ceramic materials has increased significantly across multiple sectors, including construction, consumer items, industrial processes, and innovative technology. Consequently, this expansion has resulted in a substantial rise in the worldwide volume of ceramic waste. The current state of ceramic waste recycling is considered unsustainable, resulting in its disposal in landfills. Numerous studies have employed Ceramic waste as fine aggregate in concrete, and there is considerable interest in the ongoing utilization of ceramic waste in the construction sector as a concrete constituent. The main objective of this comprehensive review is to enhance the utilization of CW as fine aggregate from various sources in both mortar and concrete, and to deepen the understanding of its impact on the physicochemical, fresh, hardened, and durability properties of concrete. This review article demonstrates that the inclusion of ceramic waste enhances the reactivity of concrete, attributable to the elevated silica content in ceramic waste, and advises utilizing an optimal substitution of 10 to 40% of ceramic waste for natural fine aggregates. A notable improvement in compressive strength, especially at 100% replacement, indicating a 15.5% increase compared to control concrete. Particle size distribution and chemical composition significantly influence the performance of concrete. The synergistic effect of supplementary cementitious blends with ceramic waste aggregate has also influenced the mechanical and durability properties, thereby enhancing the overall performance of mortar and concrete. This comprehensive review concludes with the environmental and economic factors, providing insightful guidance for individuals committed to a sustainable future in the construction sector.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 11","pages":"3613 - 3637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}