Silicon最新文献

{"title":"Research on Resistivity Control Strategy for the Preparation of Crystalline Silicon Ingots Using Recycled Silicon Materials","authors":"Liang He,&nbsp;Hongzhi Luo,&nbsp;Fahui Wang,&nbsp;Guojun Zha,&nbsp;Yunhui Kuang,&nbsp;Qi Lei,&nbsp;Yunfei Xu,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Cheng,&nbsp;Wei Mao","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03409-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03409-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we studied the resistivity calculation and control strategies for recycled silicon materials co-doped with multiple impurity elements. The resistivity distribution and performance of silicon ingots produced using two approaches: batching doping calculation based on measured resistivity values versus that incorporating the resistivity contributions of individual impurity elements were analyzed and compared. The results demonstrated that: when the measured resistivity values were used in batching doping calculation, there was a large deviation between the actual resistivity of the silicon ingot and the theoretically calculated resistivity. This led to a high risk of out-of-control resistivity in the ingredient formulation, which affects the product qualification rate and electrical performance. In contrast, by controlling the resistivity values of various impurity elements for batching doping calculation of recycled silicon materials, the resistivity of the silicon ingot was generally close to the theoretically calculated value. Both the product qualification rate and electrical performance were comparable to those of conventional silicon ingots. Therefore, this method can effectively reduce the material cost of polycrystalline silicon feedstocks. In addition, the recycling of silicon materials is beneficial to environmental protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3213 - 3221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Material Selection for Knee Implant Using Novel Fuzzy-PSI and Hybrid SWARA-CoCoSo Method","authors":"Saumya Mishra,&nbsp;Swati Gangwar,&nbsp;Vimal Kumar Pathak","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03374-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03374-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Total knee replacement (TKR) is a biomedical science marvel that improves human life. Knee implants are frequently required when serious knee deterioration and pain, especially from arthritis, substantially interfere with day-to-day functioning. In contrast to conventional metallic or synthetic implants, natural fiber composites are lightweight, biocompatible, and sustainable, improving patient comfort and lowering risks. However, the selection of adequate fiber composite material meeting desired characteristics requirement of TKR is one of the challenging and troublesome tasks. In the same context, this study proposed a hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) optimization method for efficient selection of best natural fiber composites materials meeting the criteria of tibial component in TKR. The aim of this paper is to select the best alternative knee implant composite material based on the physical, mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of a new nano silicon carbide filled jute/kenaf/kevlar hybrid filled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite. To this end, a novel hybrid fuzzy preference selection index method (f-PSI) is presented in conjunction with stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and combined compromise solution (CoCoSo). Six hybrid composites were created using the compression moulding process by adding different amounts of nano silicon carbide (3wt%) and reinforcement fibers (0wt%, 2wt%, 4wt%, 6wt%, 8wt%, and 10wt%). The findings of the physical characterization demonstrate that as the weight percentage of the reinforcement increases, the density and void contents increase steadily. Hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength all increase up to 10 wt% of reinforcement, according to the mechanical characterization data. Thermal characteristics shown that maximum weight loss of 16.47 g for 10 wt% fiber content, while the maximum wear rate obtained for 4 wt% fibre content, or 9.92555e-5 mm³/Nm. Sensitivity analysis and comparison with the existing fuzzy-PSI and SWARA-CoCoSo methods were conducted to validate and assess the robustness of the suggested approach. The study takes into account nine evaluation parameters including density, tensile strength, hardness, flexural strength, impact strength, weight loss, glass transition temperature range, loss modulus and specific wear rate in order to determine the optimal material for knee implants. The best combination of all the features for the specified knee implant application was identified in A4 (including 8 wt% jute/kenaf/kevlar filled UHMWPE composite material), according to the findings of the analysis. Accordingly, suggested biocomposites represent a promising material for future orthopaedic technological research and development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3223 - 3242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Purification of Low-Grade Silicon Ore Via Conventional Roasting Combined with Ultrasonic External Field Enhanced Leaching","authors":"Junyu Qu,&nbsp;Zhengjie Chen,&nbsp;Dandan Wu,&nbsp;Wenhui Ma,&nbsp;Shilong Ye,&nbsp;Xiaowei Chen,&nbsp;Yaopan Hu","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03413-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03413-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To ensure the quality of silicon smelting products, minimizing impurities in the raw silicon ore is essential. This study analyzed the phase transformation and primary phase content of silicon ore subjected to roasting. The experimental results indicated that roasting at 900 °C increased the β-quartz phase content to 93.2%. An ultrasonic field-enhanced leaching method was employed to remove impurities. During the leaching process, mixed organic acids were used as a substitute for inorganic acids, and ultrasonication was employed to improve impurity removal. The effects of leaching temperature, ultrasonic treatment time, and ultrasonic power on the impurity leaching rate were investigated. Response surface methodology was applied to model the leaching process, predict optimal experimental conditions, and optimize the parameters based on actual experimental data. The results revealed that leaching temperature and ultrasonic treatment time significantly influenced the leaching process. The optimized experiment was compared with actual experimental results, and the optimal conditions were determined. Under a leaching temperature of 90 °C, ultrasonic treatment time of 2 h, and ultrasonic power of 200 W, the impurity iron leaching rate reached 96.10%, the aluminum removal rate reached 91.72%, and the SiO₂ purity reached 99.72%. Comparisons of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses before and after leaching confirmed that the introduction of ultrasonic leaching effectively removed impurities and purified the silicon ore. This study provides excellent practical guidance for silicon ore purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3197 - 3211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convolutional Neural Network Optimized Multiband Tunable Circular Polarization Converter at THz frequencies","authors":"Priyanka Das,&nbsp;Keertana Sarvani Chilakapati,&nbsp;Rahul Krishnan,&nbsp;Monish Balaji S","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03412-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03412-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research reports the design and analysis of a multiband reflective circularly polarized (CP) converter constructed on a 5 <span>(mu m)</span> thick quartz (SiO₂) substrate. The CP converter is optimized by a CNN based architecture which extracts key features from it’s frequency response data using convolutional layers<b>.</b> It <b>e</b>nhances learning using residual connections and batch normalization<b>.</b> It reduces overfitting with dropout layers and global average pooling<b>.</b> A graphene strip is positioned at an oblique angle of 45 <span>(^circ)</span> for bringing in tunability in CP generation. The proposed CP converter can be leveraged for THz imaging in detecting kidney stones. The difference in the dielectric permittivity of the kidney with and without stones alter the reflective characteristics of the CP converter. The S parameters are then used to reconstruct images by sum and delay algorithm which can be leveraged for detecting kidney stones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3179 - 3196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-Friendly Biocomposites of Eugenol Epoxy and Rice Husk Silica: Fabrication and Performance Analysis","authors":"Minh Viet Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03397-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03397-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studying biocomposites is essential for the development of sustainable, high-performance materials that address future environmental, economic, and technical challenges. In this work, a bio-epoxy resin was synthesised from eugenol, with its chemical structure confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy. Silica (SiO₂) was extracted from rice husk and incorporated as a reinforcing additive to fabricate fully bio-based composites with silica loadings ranging from 5 to 20 phr. The biocomposite samples, composed of the bio-epoxy resin and rice husk silica, were prepared at room temperature using an aliphatic amine curing agent. The influence of rice husk silica content on key properties of the epoxy resin, including activation energy of curing, tensile strength, impact strength, and glass transition temperature (Tg), was thoroughly investigated. The incorporation of silica led to significant enhancements in tensile and impact strengths as well as Tg, accompanied by a reduction in the curing reaction’s activation energy. Notably, the composite containing 15 phr silica demonstrated superior mechanical properties, with impact strength, tensile strength, and glass transition temperature increased by 44.46%, 52.3%, and 9.1%, respectively, compared to the pristine sample. Owing to its tunable viscosity, mechanical rigidity, and compatibility with bio-based feedstocks, this biocomposite shows promise for processing into filament or paste forms suitable for 3D printing applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3167 - 3178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Heavy-ion impact on Silicon Nanotube Tunnel FET SRAM","authors":"A. Nisha Justeena,&nbsp;P. Rajendiran,&nbsp;Jihene Mrabet,&nbsp;Swaroop Ramasamy,&nbsp;D. Nirmal","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03389-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03389-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the working functionality of six-transistor static random-access memory (6 T-SRAM) using silicon nanotube-tunnel field-effect transistors (SiNT-TFETs) and also analyses the static noise margin of the SiNT-TFET SRAM. The extracted values of static noise margin metrics of SiNT-TFET SRAM, such as HOLD, READ, and WRITE SNM are 300 mV, 200 mV and 400 mV respectively. Apart from the above analysis, the single-event transient (SET) on the SiNT-TFET device is studied for normal incidence. Furthermore, the single-event upset (SEU) is analysed on the SiNT-TFET SRAM during heavy ion irradiation. The SET study shows that the channel-drain junction is the most sensitive region to radiation strikes for normal incidence. The SiNT-TFET SRAM flipped the content for a minimum linear energy threshold (LET_TH) value of 50 MeV/mg/cm².\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3157 - 3165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect and Optimization of WEDM Parameters on LM26 Aluminium Alloy Hybrid Composites: An Response Surface Methodology Based Desirability Approach","authors":"Vijayan S N,&nbsp;Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai,&nbsp;Saiyathibrahim A","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03398-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03398-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study seeks to optimize the Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) parameters to improve the machining performance of hybrid MMCs based on LM26 aluminium alloy. The study focuses on the effects of three important WEDM parameters: current, idle time, and energy time. The process was modeled and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-based Central Composite Design (CCD) in conjunction with a multi-objective desirability analysis. According to the experimental results, WWR ranged from 0.001 to 0.017, and Kw varied between 0.22468 mm and 0.38063 mm. Energy time and current were the two parameters that significantly affected Kw, while longer idle time reduced WWR because it improved cooling and effectively removed debris. With an Adjusted R² of 0.9605 and a Predicted R² of 0.8620, the analysis of variance validated the model’s dependability. 10.65 µs energy time, 11.904 µs idle time, and 4.15164 Amps current were found to be the ideal machining parameters, which led to an optimized Kw of 0.280582 mm and a minimized WWR of 0.00593563. High prediction accuracy was demonstrated by experimental validation, which revealed low error values for Kw (0.0096) and WWR (0.0423). The results highlight how stable, accurate, and effective machining of LM26-based hybrid MMCs can be accomplished with WEDM settings that are optimized. This supports high-precision applications in sectors where component reliability is crucial by improving dimensional accuracy and tool longevity.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3125 - 3155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and Sensitive SERS Detection of Bisphenol A via Using Hybrid Si Nanoparticle/Au Nanoparticle on Glass Substrates","authors":"Amer B. Dheyab,&nbsp;Alwan M. Alwan,&nbsp;Allaa A. Jabbar,&nbsp;Layla A. Wali","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03403-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03403-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel hybrid Structures plasmonics sensor of Au Nanoparticles/ Si Nanoparticles configuration (Si@Au NPs) for effectively sensing bisphenol A (BPA) was extensively synthesized and investigated. The microporous silicon was created via laser-assisting etching method with 30mW/cm² and 530 nm laser intensity and wavelength in an etching solution of 1:2 volumetric mixing ratio of 40% Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) of ethanol(C₂H₅OH) with 20 mA/cm² and 10 min etching current density and time respectively. The hybrid structure was produced by electrodeless ion reduction of hydrogen bonds of silicon nanoparticles through 0.005 M HAuCl₄ solution for 3 min. The characterization of Si Nanoparticles and the sensing performance of hybrid structures plasmonics sensors have been inspected by FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes), HR-TEM (High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), XRD(X-ray diffraction), and Raman microscopy. The performance of the hybrid Structures sensor was investigated with BPA concentrations ranging from 10^–3, 10^–5, 10^–6, 10^–7, and10⁻⁸ M. The fabricated sensor, exhibits, a very low Detection Limit (DL) with excellent reproducibility with the lowest variation of 10^–10 M and 1.6% correspondingly, owing to the higher specific surface area extraordinary density of Si@Au NPs in addition to the huge surface of hot spot districts. The isolated Si@Au NPs hybrid structures sense the ultra-low BPA concentrations lower than the European Union acceptable of about (2.6 μM).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3113 - 3124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Some Optical, Structural and Radiation Shielding Properties of Waste Glass from Cathode Ray Tube","authors":"O. I. Sallam,&nbsp;Mohamed Asef Kariem,&nbsp;Taha A. Abdelrazak,&nbsp;Ahmed A. El-Sherif,&nbsp;Eman Yossri Frag","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03388-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03388-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recycling cathode ray tube (CRT) glass is essential for minimizing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability. The recycling of CRT glass addresses waste management issues and fosters a circular economy. This study distinguishes between two components of CRT glass samples: panel glass and neck glass, with the latter exhibiting a higher concentration of lead. Lead effectively absorbs and attenuates ionizing radiation, such as gamma and X-rays, rendering neck glass an effective radiation shield. Various measurements have been conducted to identify the structural characteristics of CRT glass samples, including XRD analysis, which confirmed the amorphous nature of each sample. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements reveal that the glass transition temperature of the neck sample exceeds that of the panel sample by 55 °C. The neck glass exhibits a reduced energy gap value due to the high lead content, which may suggest the glass's structural resistance to radiation. The oxygen packing density and Urbach values decline for the neck sample, whereas the density increases from 2.6196 to 3.4044 g/cm³ for the panel and neck samples, respectively. Additionally, the highest values for effective atomic number (Z_eff), effective atomic cross-section (C_eff), and effective electron density (N_eff) were found in the neck glass sample when shielding parameters, such as the half value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path, were calculated using the Phy-X/PSD program at various gamma-ray energy. Mass attenuation coefficient values were recorded as practical and theoretical. The findings indicated that the neck sample exhibited enhanced protective properties.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3087 - 3100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12633-025-03388-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montmorillonite and Montmorillonite-Based Composites as Radiation Shielding Materials for Gamma Ray, Ultraviolet Radiation, and Electromagnetic Interference: A Review","authors":"Changwei Xu,&nbsp;Xiao Li,&nbsp;Wenhao Pan,&nbsp;Xiaowei Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03392-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03392-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, all kinds of radiation are getting closer and closer to human life, such as nuclear reactors, medical diagnostic instruments, electronic communication equipment, ultraviolet radiation and so on. Montmorillonite, as a natural two-dimensional layered clay mineral, has abundant reserves, low cost, good environmental compatibility, great ultraviolet reflection/scattering ability, and can provide controllable nano-sized spaces. Meanwhile, it has a high capacity, large specific surface area, good mechanical properties and chemical stability. By acting as additives or carriers, they can meet the shielding requirements of gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, and electromagnetic interference by modification or composite processes. Herein, the latest research progresses of montmorillonite in gamma ray shielding, ultraviolet radiation shielding, and electromagnetic interference shielding was discussed, and the shielding mechanism of montmorillonite is analyzed. It holds great potential in the development of lightweight, flexible and environmentally friendly shielding materials. Moreover, montmorillonite is usually used as a lightweight filler, dispersion carrier or modifier to enhance the density, dispersity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of shielding materials. However, many challenges and unsolved problems, including further mechanism research, full utilization of montmorillonite, and low-cost and large-scale development methods, deserve further attention and development by researchers. This review has guiding significance for the application of montmorillonite in radiation shielding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 13","pages":"3017 - 3031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}