Silicon最新文献

{"title":"Radiation-Stimulated Transformation of Cxygen Atoms Between Impurity Phase States of A Growing Silicon Single Crystal","authors":"Mahmud Kalanov,&nbsp;Ilkham Sadikov,&nbsp;Shavkat Malikov,&nbsp;Avas Khugaev,&nbsp;Abror Korakhodjaev,&nbsp;Amin Saidov,&nbsp;Shukrillo Usmonov,&nbsp;Dadajan Saparov","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03239-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03239-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The X-ray diffraction method confirmed the presence of a three-phase state of oxygen in a growing single crystal of silicon grown by the Czochralski method: a state freely dissolved along the interstices of the matrix lattice in the form of “quasi-molecules”—SiO₂ and a precipitate state in the composition of crystalline silicon dioxide—SiO₂(c) in the volume of the sample, and on surface of a single crystal in the amorphous form of dioxide – SiO₂(a). The radiation-stimulated transformation of oxygen atoms between dissolved and crystalline impurity phase states of oxygen in the bulk of a single crystal has been established. A new physical mechanism for the stability of the intrinsic (diamond-like) crystal structure of a growth silicon single crystal to neutron irradiation is proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"925 - 933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecologically Sound Syntheses of Imidazoindole Derivatives Mediated by Cu-MCM-41-phen under Room Temperature","authors":"Narmatha Venkatesan,&nbsp;Bharathi Madheswaran,&nbsp;Denzil Britto Christopher Leslee,&nbsp;Jayapratha Gunasekaran,&nbsp;Shanmuga Bharathi Kuppannan","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03238-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03238-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Copper(II) complex was synthesized using Indolic Schiff base and 1,10 phenanthroline which upon immobilisation on MCM-41 yields selective, efficient and retrievable heterogeneous catalyst through its active site dispersions. The physicochemical properties of the produced catalyst were observed by FT-IR, UV–Vis DRS, PXRD, SEM, EDX, ICP-OES, TEM, N₂ adsorption and desorption, TGA, ¹³C MAS-NMR and XPS. The catalytic efficiency of the synthesized catalyst was tested in the imidazoindole reactions through variety of aldehydes, isatin and ammonium acetate using ethanol as solvent under room temperature for 30 min and found its reusability up to six runs with consistent activity. The catalyst illustrates good to excellent yield for the different substrates including electron donating, electron withdrawing, disubstituted, fused, conjugated, heterocyclic and aliphatic aldehydes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"905 - 923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems: A Review Focusing on the Role of Soil Biogeochemistry","authors":"Sharat Kothari,&nbsp;Ann Theresa Jose,&nbsp;Laxmanarayanan M,&nbsp;Anshuman Patel,&nbsp;Nymisha Alapati,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Majumdar,&nbsp;Dwipendra Thakuria,&nbsp;Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03247-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03247-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicon (Si) affects soil formation, carbon (C) cycling, nutrient dynamics, vegetation growth and plant stress resilience, all of which are critical to the general health and sustainability of forest ecosystems. Despite its abundance and diverse functions, the pivotal role of Si in forest ecology is frequently overlooked. This review aims to clarify the intricate role of Si in forest ecosystems by focusing on soil genesis and properties, vegetation requirements, and biogeochemical cycles. Podzolization and laterization, two distinct pedogenic processes with differing Si chemistries, are strongly influenced by forest vegetation type. Si is the basic building block of sand, silt, and clay, and influences soil properties such as soil erodibility, long-term nutrient availability, and water retention, which are fundamental for sustainable forest management. In addition to providing mechanical support, Si protects several plant species from both biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby enhancing forest longevity and health. Soil-plant Si dynamics influence C sinks by stabilizing phytoliths, accelerating silicate weathering, and prolonging biomass lifespan. The stability of phytoliths and silicate minerals in the soil is governed by interactions among Si pools, fluxes and biogeochemical cycles. Forest vegetation composition, stand maturity, and Si absorption capacity also play significant roles. Therefore, research on Si in forest ecosystems is crucial for ecological science and sustainable forest resource management. This is particularly important in addressing current global environmental challenges, where Si’s influence on soil stability, nutrient cycling, and C sequestration has far-reaching implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"709 - 730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered Calcium Silicate-Hexaboride Biocomposites: A Versatile Platform for Personalized Orthopedic Therapies","authors":"Gehan T. El-Bassyouni,&nbsp;Shaimaa ElShebiney,&nbsp;Reda Korany,&nbsp;Mostafa Mabrouk,&nbsp;Ahmed Soliman,&nbsp;Hussein Darwish,&nbsp;Sayed Kenawy,&nbsp;Esmat Hamzawy","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03229-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03229-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing and evaluating enhanced biocomposites for medication delivery and bone regeneration is the main goal of this research. A unique wet precipitation chemical process was used to create calcium silicate (CaO–SiO₂) biocomposites, with different amounts of calcium hexaboride (CaB₆) incorporated as an additive. The biocomposite samples were subjected to varying compositions, and their physicochemical properties were assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and zeta potential tests. The samples' microstructures show submicron and nanoscale particles scattered or arranged in regular or irregular clusters. After adding CaB₆, the tested biocomposites' negative zeta potential dropped because of the positively charged Ca²⁺ ions from the compound on the material's surface. The biocomposites' drug loading and release capacities were assessed using the anti-cancer medication of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The biocomposites were evaluated for their capacity to regenerate bone through in vivo experiments conducted on a rat model. The healing score (7 for the WB7.5 sample) and the degree of bone formation were compared with the concentration of CaB₆ in the bio-composites. The findings revealed that the presence of CaB₆ had a substantial impact on both the healing score and bone formation. Increased amounts of CaB₆ resulted in higher healing scores and better bone production. Moreover, the bio-composites demonstrated prolonged drug release profiles (up to 45% after 30 days of immersion), indicating their potential as efficient drug carriers for localized bone treatments. The results emphasize the vital importance of CaB₆ in facilitating the process of bone repair and production using calcium silicate bio-composites. The biocomposites that have been produced show promise for bone regeneration applications. Patient outcomes may benefit from their ability to encourage bone growth and aid in healing.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"873 - 887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Recycling of Silicon from End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panels for the Synthesis of Porous Cordierite Via Bischofite-Assisted Chlorination","authors":"Pablo Orosco,&nbsp;Oriana Barrios,&nbsp;Fernando Tunez,&nbsp;Lucia Barbosa","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03244-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03244-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid increase in electronic waste, driven by the widespread use of electronic devices, poses significant environmental challenges due to its classification as hazardous waste. Among these, end-of-life solar panels present a growing concern, as improper disposal can lead to the release of toxic pollutants. Recycling these panels not only prevents environmental contamination but also optimizes resource and energy use. This study focuses on repurposing silicon from discarded panels to synthesize cordierite, a material with industrial applications. The synthesis process involves the thermal treatment of silicon obtained from waste panels, combined with kaolinitic clay and bischofite, which acts as a chlorinating agent. Non-isothermal experiments were conducted within a temperature range of 20–900 °C to evaluate the effects of temperature on the reaction process and impurity behavior. Additionally, isothermal experiments were performed to assess the impact of reaction time. The reaction mechanism was also analyzed. The results revealed that cordierite begins to form at 700 °C through the reaction of evolved mullite and enstatite in a chlorine atmosphere. At 600 °C, iron impurities in the clay undergo chlorination, forming volatile FeCl₃. Optimal conditions for the process were identified at 900 °C with a reaction duration of 120 min, enabling the selective synthesis of cordierite and the effective removal of iron and vitreous silica impurities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"889 - 903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive Glasses Based on Sodium Disilicate and Tetracalcium Phosphate Compositions for Bone Grafting Applications","authors":"Gamal A. Khater,&nbsp;Engie M. Safwat,&nbsp;Mohammad M. Farag,&nbsp;Iman A. Fathy,&nbsp;Hanem M. Awad,&nbsp;Ahmed Gamal Abd-Elsatar,&nbsp;Ahmad G. A. Khater","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03232-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03232-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of synthetic bone grafts characterized by ideal properties is still a critical issue. This study aims at synthesizing osteogenic bone graft composed of bioactive glass based on sodium disilicate and tetracalcium phosphate phases and tailoring its physical and biological properties by changing the ratio between the two phases. Five bioactive glass samples (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) were prepared. Density, molar volume, Vickers’s microhardness, glass degradation potential, pH changes, and weight loss of prepared samples in simulated body fluid at different time intervals were measured. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation capability was inspected using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Biocompatibility of the glasses was evaluated against human normal cell line and periodontal ligament derived stem cells via MTT cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase tests, respectively. The results showed that bioactive glass samples revealed gradual increase in density values from G1 to G5. G1 had the highest microhardness value (6.9 GPa), while G2 was the lowest (5.2 GPa). All samples induced the formation of bone-like apatite precipitates with a range of 1.78—2.37 Ca/P ratio, precipitates induced by G2 showed the closest Ca/P ratio to the stoichiometric HAP. The degradation increased by increasing tetracalcium phosphate phase. Finally, all glass samples did not show significant cytotoxic effect, and they all revealed alkaline phosphatase enzyme releasing capability. In conclusion, bioactive glass designed from sodium disilicate and tetracalcium phosphate phases provides promising osteogenic bone grafts with tailored biodegradation rates. G2 bioactive glass is especially recommended owing to its higher reactivity and in vitro bioactivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"861 - 872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic Conversion of Residual Carbon in Precursor-Derived SiC into Carbon Nanotubes Using Metal Nickel and Mechanism Analysis","authors":"Luke Ma,&nbsp;Yanyan Deng,&nbsp;Xueliang Pei,&nbsp;Zhengren Huang,&nbsp;Qing Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03245-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03245-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precursor conversion is a primary method for preparing SiC ceramics. However, this approach typically results in unavoidable residual carbon in SiC ceramics, which significantly affects their properties. In this study, we utilized nano metal Ni to exhaust residual carbon in precursor-derived SiC and transformed it into carbon nanotubes (CNTs). During the pyrolysis stage, the metal Ni converted into Ni₂Si, which catalyzed the formation of CNTs. Although gaseous hydrocarbon compounds (CH₄, C₂H₄ and C₃H₅) were released in the pyrolysis range of 400–700 °C, the carbon source of CNTs originated from both the residual carbon in the precursor-derived SiC and the carbon byproduct after the reaction between metal Ni and SiC. The conversion of residual amorphous carbon into CNTs facilitated the crystallization of precursor-derived SiC. In addition, the introduction of metal Ni was beneficial for improving the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of precursor-derived SiC. Based on the carbon source and growth phenomenon of CNTs, the growth mode of CNTs has also been inferred.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"851 - 860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Structural Investigation of Porous Silicon Layers Obtained under Magnetic Field","authors":"Nihal Nasri,&nbsp;Noureddine Boukhenoufa,&nbsp;Salah Rahmouni,&nbsp;Hacene Bendjeffal","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03242-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03242-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to its good physical and chemical properties, porous silicon (PSi) is a highly favored element for several applications. In this paper, we report an evaluation of the structural and morphological layers of porous silicon of a 111-oriented N-doped silicon substrate created via electrochemical etching under the effect of a magnetic field. The electrochemical technique enabled meticulous regulation of porous silicon characteristics, including average pore diameter range from 0.094 μm to 2.31 μm, average pore depths range between 21.14 μm and 42.87 μm, and porosity from 37.53 μm to 69.74%. The influence of the magnetic field on the morphological structure and optical properties of porous silicon layers was assessed using various analytical approaches, including the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and (PL) spectroscopy. The impact of magnetic fields on the morphology of porous silicon layers is a compelling research subject investigating how magnetic fields can alter the structural properties of porous silicon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"809 - 816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Silica Powder from Low-Grade Quartz by Mechanical Activation Acid Leaching and Its Mechanism","authors":"Yuziyu Gui,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Zhu,&nbsp;Hao Fu,&nbsp;Xuesong Jiang,&nbsp;Jifei Sun,&nbsp;Ling Wang,&nbsp;Boyuan Ban,&nbsp;Jian Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03240-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03240-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quartz is crucial in semiconductors and electronic packaging. Due to the depletion of high-grade quartz, there's a need to use low-grade quartz to produce high-purity products. Traditional methods use environmentally harmful hydrofluoric acid (HF). This study presents a mechanical activation fluorine-free acid leaching method (F-free MA-AL) to produce high-purity silica powder from low-grade quartz, achieving an impurity content of 154.18 ppm and a removal rate of 97.76%. Optimal conditions are 600 rpm for 90 min, increasing the quartz’s specific surface area by 6.04 times. XRD refinement and XPS tests revealed that mechanical activation modifies quartz’s crystal structure, enhances impurity activity, and facilitates acid leaching. This method avoids HF use while maintaining purification effectiveness. Kinetic studies on Al and Fe removal indicate that mechanical activation reduces activation energy by 45.27% and 17.5%, respectively. This method realizes the comprehensive utilization of low-grade quartz ore and provides a theoretical basis for the industrialization of low-grade quartz application under the premise of fluoride-free environment.</p><p>1. Investigated quartz's mechanical activation behavior.</p><p>2. Analyzed quartz's microstructure changes using XRD refinement.</p><p>3. Proposed a fluorine-free acid leaching method for impurity removal in quartz.</p><p>4. Found mechanical activation lowers activation energy in impurity removal reactions.</p><p>5. Made it possible to prepare high-purity silica powder from low-grade quartz.</p>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"835 - 849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mono-, Di- and Tri-Amino Groups on Physicochemical Properties of Palladium Ions Supported by Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres","authors":"Yanni Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Tian,&nbsp;Xueli Li,&nbsp;Yabin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03236-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03236-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Palladium(Pd)-based catalysts have been broadly applied in modern industry. The ideal ones should be robust enough against leaching, load Pd to the maximum degree, and possess outstanding dispersity against aggregation. As for SiO₂-supported Pd catalysts, aminosilane coupling reagents have been commonly utilized to introduce interfacial self-assembled layers which can chemically bond SiO₂ substrates with siloxy (-SiOH) groups and firmly link Pd with amino groups. However, up to now, the influences of variable aminoalkyl chains on physicochemical properties and catalytic performances of palladium ions (Pd(II)) supported by dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (DMSNs) have not been contrasted and revealed. In this work, three types of aminosilane-functionalized DMSNs-based Pd(II) catalysts have been prepared, including DMSNs-1N-Pd(II) within mono-amino group, DMSNs-2N-Pd(II) with di-amino, and DMSNs-3N-Pd(II) with tri-amino ones. For the first time, the effects of mono-, di- and tri-aminosilanes on their basic properties have been thoroughly exploited, including the morphologies, architectures, compositions of crystal phases, surface functional groups, loading contents of Pd, Pd(II) and Pd(0) percentages, etc. Moreover, catalytical performances have been evaluated by Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 4","pages":"825 - 834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}