Silicon最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Phosphorus Content on the Microstructure Evolution of Highly Undercooled Al-60%Si Alloys","authors":"Bo Dang,&nbsp;Zengyun Jian,&nbsp;Junfeng Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03219-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03219-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to investigate the effect of P content on the growth morphology and growth mode of the Si phase, the Al-60%Si alloys containing 0.5%P and 1.0%P were subjected to deep undercooling using an electromagnetic levitator. The morphology evolution and growth mode of the Si phase were studied by analyzing the dynamic images recorded by HSV and the SEM images of as-solidified samples. The results reveal that the morphology of the Si phase transformed from the large strip shape to coarse bulks and regularly arranged dendrites, then to spheroidal and rod-shaped with increase of undercooling, and the corresponding growth mode changed from faceted growth to mixed growth, then to non-faceted growth. The P refines the size of the Si phase by enhancing the nucleation rate of the Si phase. With the increase of P content, the critical undercoolings of growth mode transition decrease, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predicted results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 3","pages":"555 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Performance Au/PSi/n-Si/Ag Heterojunction Photodetector by Non-thermal Plasma Jet: Design and Impact of Plasma Voltage","authors":"Noor Dhaief Hayif,&nbsp;Hasan A. Hadi,&nbsp;Intesar H. Hashim","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03208-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03208-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have investigated the impact of non-thermal plasma jet (NTPJ) on porous silicon (Psi) nanostructures prepared by photoelectrochemical etching (PECE) and subsequently studied this effect on the performance of the PSi-based photodetectors, where the influence of a non-thermal plasma jet on a porous silicon surface has not been examined in any previous study. PSi samples were treated with 12, 14, and 16 kV voltages by a non-thermal plasma jet for a fixed fluence duration of 12 min. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals that the size of porous silicon crystallized increased from 28.6 nm to 75.0 nm when the plasma voltage was raised to 16 kV. Field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM) images revealed that the gray, mud-like, and dark porous sample turned into a tending black and more porous surface, and the treatment by plasma altered the top surface of the porous layer only without causing any damage to the sample. The study of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that the surface roughness RMS, roughness average Sa, and the top ten highest roughness Sz of porous silicon increased from 1.50, 1.10, and 13.7 nm to 5.21, 3.69, and 64.59 nm, respectively, after treated at 16 kV plasma voltage. Raman scattering spectra of treated materials show visible photoluminescence and an infrared shift due to plasma treatment of porous silicon PSi, with a crystalline structure band at 548 cm⁻¹. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows multiple peaks and shifts toward longer wavelengths after plasma treatment. The responsivity of Au/PSi/n-Si/Ag photodetectors increases with plasma voltage, reaching its highest values at 16 kV (9.28 and 10.83 W/A at 480 and 600 nm) and the maximum detectivity of 2.47 × 10¹² and 2.8 × 10¹² Jones at 480 and 600 nm. Photodetectors performance was evaluated based on repeatability and photo response speed. The stability of Au/PSi/n-Si/Ag, heterojunction photodetectors, was tested at -1 V bias voltage and 4 s switch cycle, demonstrating constant maximum current values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 3","pages":"531 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Ameliorating the Characteristics of (SiO2-CdS) Futuristic Nanoceramic Doped Optical Material for Flexible Nanoelectronics Applications","authors":"Ahmed Hashim,&nbsp;Ahmed Kareem,&nbsp;Hamed Ibrahim","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03213-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03213-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study aims to boost of morphological, microstructure and optical properties of futuristic polystyrene (PS)/ silica (SiO₂)/cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanosystem to be functional in a variety of promising optical and electronics applications. The microstructure and optical properties of PS/SiO₂<b>-</b>CdS nanostructures were investigated. The structure properties of PS/SiO₂<b>-</b>CdS nanostructures included: optical microscope (OM) and FTIR. The results of optical characteristics for PS/SiO₂<b>-</b>CdS nanostructures indicate that the absorbance (A), absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), real (ε₁) and imaginary (ε₂) parts of dielectric constant, and optical conductivity (σ) of PS were increased, while energy band gap (E_g) and transmittance (T) were decreased with a rise in SiO₂-CdS nanoparticles content. The PS absorption was enhanced about 46.3% at λ = 320 nm with rising SiO₂-CdS nanoparticles content of 2.8%. The E_g of PS/SiO₂<b>-</b>CdS nanostructures ranged between 3.35 eV and 3.63 eV. The n values ranged between 2.1 and 2.6 at λ = 500 nm with growing SiO₂-CdS nanoparticles content of 2.8%. These performances made the of PS/SiO₂-CdS nanostructures are multifunctional nanosystem for futuristic optoelectronic fields. Finally, the results of investigated properties confirmed to the PS/SiO₂<b>-</b>CdS nanostructures are promising hybrid nanosystem to utilize in numerous optical and electronics applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 3","pages":"517 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources and Application Methods of Silicon for Rice in Acid Soil","authors":"Palla Madhu Babu,&nbsp;Dwipendra Thakuria,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Majumdar,&nbsp;H. C. Kalita","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03212-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03212-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice (<i>Oryza </i><i>sativa</i> L.) is a key food grain crop in acid soil regions of the world. An economical and efficient nutrient application method should be developed for crops in acidic soil region. Use of Si as a source of beneficial nutrient is well known. Therefore, a pot experiment was planned with rice variety CAU-R1 to find out the effective combination of application method and source of Si. Three sources of Si viz. silicic acid (C1), calcium silicate (C2), and sodium meta silicate (C3), and five different application methods: (1) M1, seedling root-dipping (SRD) in soil: water slurry (applied @ 225 mg kg⁻¹ soil as silicic acid, calcium silicate and sodium meta silicate), (2) M2, foliar spray (1% Si) at the vegetative stage (FSV), (3) M3, foliar spray (1% Si) at the reproductive stage (FSR), (4) M4, foliar spray vegetative + foliar spray reproductive, and (5) M5, seedling root dip + foliar spray reproductive. Plant growth parameters, soil nutrient status and plant nutrient uptake were determined at 45 days after transplanting and harvesting stage. Results indicated that silicic acid as seedling root dip method with 225 mg Si kg⁻¹ soil and sodium meta silicate foliar spray vegetative stage and reproductive stage method with 1% Si was found to be the best performing. This study also highlighted that choice of silicon source and application method may lead to decrease the cost of production for transplanted rice cultivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 3","pages":"499 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pH and Ratio of Alumina Sol on Properties of 3D Printed Silica Ceramics","authors":"Yunzhi Huang,&nbsp;He Li,&nbsp;Paolo Colombo","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03211-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03211-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>3D printed silica ceramics have the advantages of low thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal stability, easy removal, etc., and are widely used in ceramic core manufacturing. However, in the sintering stage, silica often cracks due to shrinkage and phase transformation, which seriously affects the mechanical properties of the material. The impregnation of alumina sol can promote the formation of cristobalite phase in ceramics, and the mechanical properties of ceramics can be improved with appropriate amount of cristobalite. In this study, 3D printed silica ceramics were impregnated with alumina sol, and the effects of pH value and the concentration of alumina in the sol on the properties of the samples were investigated. When pH was 2.5, the mechanical properties of alumina sol impregnated samples reached a flexural strength of 24.98 ± 0.93 MPa, with a bulk density of 1.70 ± 0.01 g/cm³, and an open porosity of 25.82 ± 0.33%. When the ratio of alumina sol to silica sol was 3:1, the mechanical properties of alumina sol impregnated ceramics reached the maximum, with a flexural strength of 33.85 ± 1.69 MPa, a bulk density of 1.73 ± 0.01 g/cm³, and an open porosity of 24.02 ± 0.72%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 3","pages":"487 - 498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Gas Separation of PEBAX with Metal-Doped MOF-5","authors":"Sara Fattahi Bavandpur,&nbsp;Elahe Ahmadi Feijani","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03214-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03214-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal doping strategy is used to prepare MOF based fillers in order to fabricate effective mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. In this regard, two and three metallic MOF-5 is produced by using Co²⁺ and Cd²⁺ doping. Among the result MMMs, the best CO₂ permeability (386.1) and CO₂/N₂ selectivity (73.2) are belonged to those containing Cd-Co-MOF-5 and Cd-MOF-5, respectively. With the aim of upgrading the gas separation ability of the MMMs, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) are employed as linkers to modify MMMs. The result MMMs render promoted behaviors in both gas permeability and selectivity in which APTES modified MMMs possess higher gas permeability (up to 556.0) and the modified ones with TEOS own higher gas selectivity (up to 90.1). Additionally, the effects of feed temperature and pressure on gas separation of membranes are also explored. The most impacts of temperature on CO₂/N₂ selectivity are received in unmodified MMMs while for pressure effects, the modified ones experience the highest changes in CO₂/N₂ selectivity. It should be noted that synthesized MOFs are analyzed by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM and N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis and the prepared membranes are also analyzed by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, TGA, DSC, stress–strain and water contact angle analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 2","pages":"465 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ZrB2 Dominate with SiC Particles on the Ablation and Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Novolac-Epoxy (EPN1179) Composite at 3000 C°","authors":"Mehdi Pour Jafari Kasmaei,&nbsp;Farzad Amiri,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Alaei","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03207-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03207-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the impact of introducing ZrB₂/SiC micro-particles (SiC dominated) with different percentages on the ablation (by means of oxyacetylene test at above 3000 C°) and flexural properties (by three-point bending test) of novolac-epoxy resin was thoroughly investigated. For this reason, 4 samples consisting of Z5S5: 50% ZrB₂ and 50% SiC, Z4S6: 40% ZrB₂ and 60% SiC, Z3S7: 30% ZrB₂ and 70% SiC, Z2S8: 20% ZrB₂ and 80% SiC particles within the novolac-epoxy 1179 matrix were manufactured using the hot press and the mechanical and ablative properties were compared with the pure resin from the backside temperature, weight loss, bending characteristics, and SEM imaging of the ablated regions point of view. The results showed the positive effect of SiC and ZrB₂ additives in reducing the backside sample temperatures up to 63.5% and enhancing bending strength by up to 7% in the 60% SiC and 40% ZrB₂ (Z4S6) sample. In the Z5S5 and Z4S6 samples, the mass ablation rate was improved by 52% and 30.8% respectively. The SEM, EDS, and XRD examinations revealed the formation of essential phases such as SiO₂, ZrO₂, and ZrSiO₄ in the samples following oxyacetylene test.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 2","pages":"421 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Silicon Carbide Usage on Strength, Electrical Conductivity, and Durability in Cement Composites","authors":"Ahmet Filazi,&nbsp;Ahmet Mustafa Şenses,&nbsp;Tuna Aydin","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03201-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03201-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effect of silicon carbide (SiC) powder on cement pastes. SiC was added in various percentages by weight of cement (1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16%). The spread diameter, mechanical strength, chloride permeability, capillary water absorption, and electrical conductivity of each mixture were determined, and microstructural analyses (SEM and EDX) were conducted. The results indicate that SiC decreases the spread diameter of the mortar while increasing its mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Specifically, 2% and 4% SiC additions resulted in the highest strength improvements. Chloride permeability tests showed that the resistance of concrete to chloride ions improved over time, with permeability levels significantly decreasing. Microstructural analyses revealed that SiC influences the formation of C-S–H and C-H structures in the cement matrix, enhancing mechanical strength and overall durability. This study highlights the potential of SiC to improve the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of cement in the industry, suggesting avenues for future research to explore different SiC concentrations and application methods in greater detail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 2","pages":"433 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Thermal Shock Resistance and Mechanical Characteristics of Microwave Sintered ZrB2-SiC-MgO Composites","authors":"Ankur Sharma,&nbsp;Anish Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03209-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03209-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The potential to utilize ZrB₂ based ceramics for high-temperature space applications requires excellent thermal shock resistance. Therefore, the present study describes the use of water quenching method to determine the thermal shock resistance of microwave sintered ZrB₂-25 SiC (vol. %) and ZrB₂-25 SiC-2 MgO (vol. %) composites at 400 °C, 800 °C and 1200 °C. The MgO incorporation enhanced the ability of ZrB₂-25 SiC (vol. %) composite to withstand thermal shock due to the higher fracture toughness and flexural strength. The crack deflection was observed as the primary toughening mechanism after thermal shock. The ZrB₂-SiC-MgO composite demonstrated outstanding thermal shock resistance with a critical thermal shock temperature difference of 974.41 °C, surpassing that of ZrB₂-SiC composite by 1.6 times. Post thermal shock test at 1200 °C, the maximum microhardness of 14.99 ± 1.29 GPa, maximum compression strength of 769.01 ± 36.66 MPa, maximum fracture toughness of 5.98 ± 0.39 MPa.m^0.5 and maximum critical energy release rate of 76.05 ± 9.89 J/m² were observed for ZrB₂-25 SiC-2 MgO (vol. %) composition. The addition of MgO to ZrB₂-SiC resulted in exceptional performance in microhardness, compression strength, and fracture toughness following thermal shock testing at 1200 °C. Specifically, the ZrB₂-SiC-MgO composite retained 94.16%, 91.28%, and 95.52% of its pre thermal shock values for these mechanical properties, emphasizing its thermal stability and resistance to degradation under high-temperature conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 2","pages":"449 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Earth Lanthanum and Manganese Mixed Al-Si Alloys: An Electromagnetic Stirring Approach for Improved Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Prabhkiran Kaur,&nbsp;Dheerendra Kumar Dwivedi,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar,&nbsp;Govind Vashishtha,&nbsp;Sumika Chauhan","doi":"10.1007/s12633-024-03205-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-024-03205-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the impact of electromagnetic stirring, combined with the addition of rare earth lanthanum and manganese, on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of aluminium alloys containing a high silicon concentration (above eutectic). The study compares the effects of each element and treatment method. The results demonstrate that incorporating lanthanum, manganese, and electromagnetic stirring (EMS) significantly improves the metallurgical characteristics of Al-Si alloys. Specifically, the combined treatment leads to a reduction in the average size of primary silicon particles (PSP), β-intermetallic iron needles, and the mean aspect ratio of these particles. Moreover, the mechanical properties, such as strength and hardness, were enhanced by the combined use of rare earth, manganese, and EMS. This study highlights the synergistic benefits of these treatments in optimizing the properties of high-silicon aluminium alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 2","pages":"411 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}