Silicon最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic Reinforcement of Epoxy Using GPTMS-Modified Sambucus ebulus Fibers and Pistachio Lignin: From Interfacial Bonding to Drilling Performance","authors":"Srinivasan R.,&nbsp;Sakthi Prasad M.,&nbsp;Ramesh G.,&nbsp;ArulMurugan M.","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03624-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03624-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates a series of composites formulated with varying lignin content and evaluates their mechanical, thermal, wear and drilling performance. Lignin extracted and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed its amorphous structure and presence of functional groups enhancing interfacial adhesion with the polymer matrix. The properties were measured according to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. Among the developed specimens, ML1 exhibited the highest tensile (176 MPa), flexural (198 MPa) and impact resistance (4.4 J) indicating optimal load transfer and fiber matrix bonding. Hardness increased steadily with lignin content with ML2 showing the highest value (97 shore D). Additionally, wear analysis demonstrated that ML2 had the minimum specific wear rate (0.023 mm³/Nm) and coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.20 signifying enhanced surface durability. Drilling tests revealed slight variation in kerf width with ML1 maintaining improved dimensional stability. The combined properties suggest that ML1 is most suitable for structural and semi-structural applications such as automotive interior panels, consumer goods casings and lightweight enclosure components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 8","pages":"2845 - 2855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable Machine Learning for Mechanism Analysis and Slag Optimization of Boron Removal From Silicon Using Slag Refining","authors":"Hong Yue,&nbsp;Guoyu Qian,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Shijian Dong,&nbsp;Jijun Wu,&nbsp;Yiwei Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03681-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03681-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production of high-purity silicon for advanced applications is critically dependent on the removal of boron, a key impurity notoriously difficult to eliminate. While slag refining is a promising industrial route, its optimization is hindered by complex, multi-parameter interactions that challenge traditional experimental methods. This study employs a machine learning (ML) framework to overcome these limitations. A comprehensive database of 4000 entries was constructed by integrating literature data and thermodynamic calculations. Among six ML algorithms evaluated, an optimized XGBoost model achieved superior predictive accuracy for boron removal efficiency (R² &gt; 0.97, MSE &lt; 0.0003). SHAP analysis identified temperature and the content of the third component (e.g., CaCl₂, CaF₂) as the most influential process parameters. Guided by these insights, an orthogonal experimental design was implemented for optimization. The CaO–SiO₂-CaCl₂ system achieved a peak boron removal efficiency of 88 pct, with the CaO–SiO₂-CaF₂ and CaO–SiO₂-Al₂O₃ systems also reaching high efficiencies of ≥ 86 pct and ≥ 75 pct, respectively. This work establishes a data-driven paradigm that integrates machine learning with metallurgical experimentation for intelligent process optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 8","pages":"2823 - 2843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Structure and Optical Characteristics of Ni2X (X = In, Si) Intermetallic Compounds for Visible and UV Applications","authors":"Amir Ullah,&nbsp;Nourreddine Sfina,&nbsp;M. D. Alshahrani,&nbsp;Salma Alshehri,&nbsp;Saleha Qissi,&nbsp;Nawal K. Almaymoni,&nbsp;Essam A. Al-Ammar,&nbsp;Mudasser Husain,&nbsp;Nasir Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03676-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03676-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a comprehensive first-principles investigation of the structural, electronic, optical, elastic, and magnetic properties of Ni₂X (X = In, Si) intermetallic compounds. The optimized lattice constants are 5.79 Å for Ni₂In and 5.36 Å for Ni₂Si, with the smaller value for Ni₂Si reflecting the smaller covalent radius of Si compared to In. Electronic structure calculations confirm metallic behavior for both materials, dominated by Ni d-states at the Fermi level. Optically, Ni₂In exhibits higher reflectivity in the visible range (0.45–0.50), while Ni₂Si shows stronger absorption, reaching 2.1 × 10⁶ cm⁻¹ at 14 eV, making it more suitable for UV applications. Mechanically, Ni₂In is stiffer and brittle (Young’s modulus 251 GPa, Pugh’s ratio 0.99), whereas Ni₂Si is softer and ductile (Young’s modulus 147 GPa, Pugh’s ratio 2.99). Magnetically, Ni₂In displays a total spin magnetic moment of 0.441 μB/cell, while Ni₂Si is nearly non-magnetic (0.037 μB/cell) due to strong Ni–Si hybridization. These results demonstrate that main group substitution effectively tunes the properties of these compounds, making Ni₂In promising for spintronic and visible-light optoelectronic devices, and Ni₂Si better suited for UV photonics and ductile structural applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 8","pages":"2809 - 2821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Properties Analysis and Modeling and Optimization on Tribological Performance of Carbon Nano Tube Added Hybrid Glass Fiber Strengthened Plastic Composites","authors":"K. Palanikumar,&nbsp;M. Venkatesan,&nbsp;N. Senthilkumar,&nbsp;B. Latha","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03680-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03680-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study's principal intention is to explore the mechanical characteristics with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having different variations, such as 1, 3, and 5 wt.% with glass fiber (GF) (55 wt.%) reinforced polymer composites. Tensile load–displacement curves increase with CNT content, with larger displacements, while ultimate tensile stress decreases slightly due to viscosity-induced wet-out limits and agglomeration-driven stress concentrators. Flexural performance improved markedly: ultimate load increases from 0.58 to 1.14 and 1.32 kN, and flexural strength from 0.011 to 0.019 and 0.025 kN/mm² for 1, 3, and 5 wt.% CNTs, respectively, which is attributed to interphase stiffening and CNT crack-bridging/deflection. Impact energy also rose with CNT addition. Wear tests (pin-on-disc) have performed using a response surface methodology approach. These shows that, higher axial load (AL) increases wear loss (WL), whereas CNTs reduces both WL and the coefficient of friction (CoF). Quadratic ANOVA models are highly predictive (R² = 0.9926 for WL; 0.9969 for CoF), by identifying the CNT content as the dominant factor; multi-response desirability yields an optimum et al. = 49.05 N, sliding speed (SS) = 0.639 m/s, CNT = 4.43% yields at WL = 0.50 mm³/min and CoF = 0.18. A Meerkat Optimization Algorithm is converged to AL = 49.01 N, SS = 0.674 m/s, CNT = 5% with predicted validation as WL = 0.41 mm³/min and CoF = 0.186, experimentally. SEM fractography confirms the improvement of dispersion/bridging at 3 wt.% and it has localized agglomeration at 5 wt.% CNTs, governing the strength-toughness-wear resilient trade-offs. The modeling and optimization techniques used in the present investigation are better suited to predict and optimize the process parameters within the considered parameter space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 7","pages":"2723 - 2747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Kachchh Kaolin Tailing Sand: A Sustainable Silica Sand Resource for Diverse Industrial Applications","authors":"Jaymeet Solanki,&nbsp;Neetesh Jain,&nbsp;Gaurav Chauhan,&nbsp;Manjari Pathak","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03677-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03677-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the chemical and mineralogical properties of kaolin tailing sand from the Kachchh region, aiming to assess its potential industrial applications. The samples were analysed using grain size analysis, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry to determine sand size distribution, shape, mineral assemblage, and main element composition. The studied samples were primarily composed of quartz (SiO₂) as predominating mineral and varying impurities, including aluminium (Al₂O₃) and other metallic oxides (Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, K₂O, and Na₂O). The grain size analysis found to possess an average grain size of less than 1 mm with an angular to sub-angular grain shape. Mineralogical analysis with X-ray diffraction revealed high-quality quartz alongside impurities such as kaolinite, anatase, and K-feldspar. Attrition scrubbing, gravity, and magnetic separation can increase sand purity for high-purity glass production, foundry, water filtration, construction, and chemical sectors. The findings emphasize the economic potential of repurposing kaolin tailings sand for diverse industrial applications. This research promotes resource conservation and addresses environmental concerns for sustainable kaolin mining practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 7","pages":"2707 - 2721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Elevated Temperature Wear Characteristics of A356-15wt. % SiCp Functionally Graded Composite Under Unidirectional and Reciprocating Sliding Contacts","authors":"T. C. Jibin Bose,&nbsp;V. R. Rajeev,&nbsp;M. Hashim,&nbsp;J. Prem Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03678-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03678-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comparative tribological evaluation of A356-15 wt. % SiC_p functionally graded composites (FGCs) under unidirectional and reciprocating sliding at ambient (31 °C) and elevated (350 °C) temperatures. Tests were conducted at 1 m/s under 15–45 N loads over a 350 m sliding distance. FGCs were produced by vertical centrifugal casting using 30 µm SiC_p, generating a compositional gradient comprising chilled, particle-rich, transition, matrix-rich and porous zones. Microstructural examination and hardness profiling confirmed maximum hardness in the particle-rich region, and microstructure-hardness correlations were established for as-cast and T6-treated samples. Tribological behavior was assessed using a pin-on-disc and a patented pin-on-reciprocating plate setup with particle-rich (PRP) and matrix-rich (MRP) pins. At 31 °C, reciprocating sliding resulted in higher wear than unidirectional sliding, with MRP showing greater wear than PRP. At 350 °C, MRP exhibited an early mild-to-severe wear transition above a critical load of 30 N under reciprocating contact, while unidirectional sliding showed a gradual wear increase with load. The coefficient of friction was lower in reciprocating sliding and decreased with load, whereas unidirectional sliding showed an opposite trend. SEM and EDS analyses revealed distinct wear mechanisms: MRP displayed severe ploughing, tearing and oxygen/iron-rich oxidative wear at elevated temperature under reciprocating contact, while PRP showed abrasion and improved glaze-layer stability. Wear debris morphology confirmed delamination wear in unidirectional sliding and transition wear under reciprocating conditions. Overall, the study demonstrates the influence of microstructural gradients and sliding mode on wear behavior, highlighting tribological performance of particle-rich regions in SiC_p-reinforced FGCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 7","pages":"2687 - 2706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Nanoclays in Biobased Food Packaging","authors":"Muhammad Sadiq Naseer,&nbsp;Laraib Sheikh,&nbsp;Nameer Khairullah Mohammed,&nbsp;Alper Baran,&nbsp;Faiyaz Ahmed,&nbsp;Gaurav Sanghvi,&nbsp;Ali Imran,&nbsp;Umber Shehzadi,&nbsp;Fakhar Islam,&nbsp;Catherine Tamale Ndagire","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03675-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03675-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of biodegradable packaging materials is becoming more popular as a way to extend the shelf life of food products as well as satisfy consumer needs for ecologically responsible packaging. Nanocomposite technology can be used to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of natural polymer-based packaging materials, such as their inferior mechanical and barrier qualities. In an effort to produce nanoclays and nanolayered silicate as reinforcing filler composites for use in packaging materials, a great deal of research has been done in this area recently. Although there have been many uses for nanoclays in food packaging, the most popular types at the moment are montmorillonite (MMT), halloysite, bentonite (BT), cloisite, and biologically modified nanoclays. The use of nanoclays for reinforcement greatly enhances the mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties of the films. The purpose of the article is to examine the development of nanoclay-based food packaging materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 7","pages":"2391 - 2407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Silane Surface Grafting on PET Bottle Waste Recycled Thin Core and Kenaf Bast Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Sandwich Composite Subjected to Temperature, Rain and Salt Water Aging","authors":"G. Nagaraj,&nbsp;Abdul Aziz Abdullah Ahmed Alghamdi,&nbsp;C. K. Arvinda Pandian,&nbsp; RaghuramPradhan","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03674-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03674-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for environmentally friXc007A CVHB endly materials has driven research into innovative strategies for recycling and improving the mechanical performance of composites. This study investigates a novel sandwich composite comprising a core of recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste and kenaf fiber-reinforced vinyl ester face sheets, with a particular focus on the effects of silane coupling grafting. The objective is to develop a high-strength, lightweight composite suitable for load-bearing applications. Two composite formulations were fabricated and subjected to various aging conditions to evaluate their performance under different environmental scenarios. The synergistic combination of silane treatment, PET core, and kenaf fiber significantly influences the composites’ mechanical, flammability, and thermal properties, enhancing their versatility across potential applications. Based on measured properties, KPR1 () emerged as the best-performing composite, exhibiting consistently high values across all mechanical tests: tensile strength of 42 MPa, flexural strength of 79 MPa, impact energy of 3.5 J, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 16 MPa. In contrast, KPH2 exhibited the highest thermal conductivity of 2.00 W/m · K, which further increased with silane treatment, highlighting its potential for efficient heat dissipation. Notably, this composite also demonstrated the slowest flammability propagation rate at 13.3 mm/min. Preliminary findings indicate that silane coupling grafting substantially enhances the mechanical performance of these sandwich composites. The modified formulations exhibit superior resilience to environmental stressors, increased rigidity, and improved load-bearing capacity. These results underscore the potential of such composites for structural applications where a balance of strength, weight, and environmental sustainability is essential, advancing the development of high-performance, eco-friendly materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 7","pages":"2669 - 2686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Treatment with Zinc, Titanium and Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles Influences the Germination, Vigour and Biochemical Property of Chickpea Seeds","authors":"Karam Chand Dhiman,&nbsp;Shreya Singh,&nbsp;Sandeep Gawdiya,&nbsp;Aparna Jyoti,&nbsp;Rajesh Kanwar,&nbsp;Anubhav Thakur,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Kapila,&nbsp;Radhika Chaturvedi,&nbsp;Nitin Kumar,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar,&nbsp;Tarun Sharma,&nbsp;Akashdeep Singh,&nbsp;Graciela Dolores Avila-Quezada,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Mattar","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03668-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03668-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving seed quality is essential for enhancing crop productivity under increasing resource and environmental constraints. This study evaluated the effectiveness of metal oxide based seed treatments, with emphasis on their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional seed enhancement practices, in chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.). Seeds of cultivar Pusa-547 were treated with zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) in bulk and nano forms across a range of concentrations. Seed physiological, biochemical, and field emergence parameters were assessed to identify the most effective treatment. Among all treatments, dry bulk ZnO at 500 ppm consistently produced superior seed performance, significantly enhancing germination (85.33%), seedling length (30.10 cm), seedling dry weight (54.10 mg), seedling vigour indices, field emergence (80.67%), and plant stand establishment (80.67%) compared with both treated and untreated controls (p ≤ 0.05). Improved membrane integrity and metabolic activity under this treatment were evidenced by the lowest electrical conductivity (0.157 mmho cm⁻¹ g⁻¹) and higher total dehydrogenase activity (1.90 A₄₈₅ nm). Although marginally lower seed infection was observed in one control treatment, overall seed quality and establishment were markedly superior under ZnO treatment. These findings demonstrate that dry bulk ZnO at 500 ppm is an effective, low-input seed treatment for improving chickpea seed quality and early crop establishment. The study highlights the practical potential of metal oxide–based seed treatments as scalable tools to support sustainable and resource-efficient agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 7","pages":"2653 - 2668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Experimental Investigation and Mechanism Analysis of Quartzite to Quartz Sand: Process Mineralogy-oriented Physical Purification Technology","authors":"Wencheng Li,&nbsp;Zhijun Ma,&nbsp;Xingyuan Weng,&nbsp;Yunsheng Zheng,&nbsp;Hao Guo,&nbsp;Yushu Wang,&nbsp;Huiling Xing,&nbsp;Lin Zhao,&nbsp;Linfeng Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s12633-026-03673-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-026-03673-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"18 5","pages":"1893 - 1893"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}