American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Full-length 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of foal synovial fluid shows substantial agreement with microbial culture.","authors":"Hannah Chenail, Nicholas D Hacker, Brett Woodie, Matthew A Scott, Paul S Morley, Emma Adam, Allen E Page, Robert Valeris-Chacin, Carolyn Arnold","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To utilize full-length 16S rRNA long-read sequencing to (1) describe the microbiome profile of synovial fluid, previously classified by cytology and microbial culture, from foals with and without septic arthritis and (2) determine the agreement between the microbiome profiles and microbial culture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted using synovial samples collected from foals treated at a single equine referral center (from 2018 through 2024). The synovial fluid was classified as septic or not septic using standard cytological and microbial culture methods. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from stored samples and sequenced using a MinION sequencer. Linear mixed modeling was used to determine the relationships between α diversity and age, affected joint, and cytological and culture status. β diversity was assessed using permutational multivariate ANOVA. Differential taxa were identified with ALDEx2. The agreement between sequencing and culture was evaluated using the Gwet coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty samples met inclusion criteria. α diversity (Shannon index) was higher in culture-positive samples (mean difference, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.12, 0.72). Microbiome composition differed by culture (R2 for Aitchison dissimilarity distance, 0.091) and cytology status (R2 for Jaccard dissimilarity distance, 0.029). No taxa differed by age, joint, or cytology. Klebsiella were significantly more abundant in culture-positive samples (ALDEx2 standardized effect size, 0.65; 95% CI, -1.63, 7.01). Agreement between positive culture and the predominant sequenced genus was 0.774 (Gwet AC1 coefficient) with a probabilistic benchmark interval of 0.6 to 0.8 (substantial agreement).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Next-generation sequencing and culture results were substantially aligned.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Next-generation sequencing may aid diagnosis in suspected septic arthritis cases with negative culture results.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metoclopramide does not enhance upper gastrointestinal motility in clinically healthy pigeons (Columba livia domestica) or those with sedation-induced functional ileus.","authors":"Mio Ito, Stephen J Divers, Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira, Michelle Waligora Kendall, Lauren Shusterman, Hannah Temples, Haley Carr, Robson Fortes Giglio","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if metoclopramide has a prokinetic effect on gastrointestinal (GI) contraction frequency and transit time in conscious pigeons and those with sedation-induced ileus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study took place between November and December 2025 at a veterinary teaching hospital. Clinically healthy adult pigeons were assigned to treatment groups as follows: saline (conscious control), saline/metoclopramide (conscious treatment), butorphanol/midazolam/saline (sedated control), or butorphanol/midazolam/metoclopramide (sedated treatment), all given IM with oral barium sulfate. Serial fluoroscopic cine loops were recorded at set time intervals. Amount of contrast remaining, contraction frequency, and time to contrast first noted were recorded for the crop, proventriculus, ventriculus, and small intestines. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effect of treatment on score and count outcomes over time. Event times were approximated using the midpoint of the detection interval and censored if greater than the observation period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 pigeons were assigned to 4 treatment groups in a randomized, complete crossover design. Administering midazolam and butorphanol resulted in significantly prolonged transit times and decreased GI contractions. The conscious treatment group did not have faster transit or more frequent GI contractions compared to the conscious control group. There was no significant difference in transit time or contraction frequency between the sedated control and sedated treatment groups. One bird regurgitated once but did not require intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metoclopramide did not exhibit observable prokinetic effects.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Metoclopramide at 2 mg/kg did not exhibit observable prokinetic effects in neither conscious pigeons nor those with sedation-induced ileus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon hemoperfusion markedly reduces serum meloxicam concentrations in dogs with meloxicam toxicosis.","authors":"Pei-Tsz Shin, Lijie Zhao, Zsofia Vigh, Tyler E Johnson, Hiroko Enomoto, Yu Ueda, Jacob M Wolf, Catherine E Langston, Jiwoong Her","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of synthetically derived activated carbon hemoperfusion (cHP) by measuring serum meloxicam concentration in dogs with meloxicam toxicosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>5 dogs with meloxicam overdose that underwent cHP at 3 teaching hospitals between January 2023 and March 2026 were identified. Dogs that had serum meloxicam concentrations measured were included. For case 1, in-series cHP and hemodialysis were performed. Based on case 1 data, standalone cHP was used for cases 2 to 5. Serum meloxicam concentration was measured via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median ingested meloxicam dose was 16.7 mg/kg (range, 1.4 to 168.8). Median blood volumes processed were 2 L/kg (range, 1.36 to 2.56) over 2.2 hours (range, 1.5 to 2.6). During cHP, meloxicam half-life was 0.4 to 1 hour versus 5.1 to 16.6 hours post-cHP, and median clearance was 6.52 mL/kg/min (range, 3.81 to 10.42) versus 0.49 mL/kg/min post-cHP (range, 0.22 to 0.72). Median extracorporeal elimination constant from 5 dogs was 1.24 (range, 0.68 to 1.95), 13.8 times faster than the intrinsic elimination constant of 0.09 from 3 dogs (range, 0.04 to 0.14). After cHP, a rebound phenomenon (47.2% increase, approximately 5 hours later) was noted in 3 dogs. All dogs were discharged in 72 hours, with 1 dog developing International Renal Interest Society Grade II acute kidney injury during hospitalization that recovered with supportive care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Carbon hemoperfusion markedly reduced serum meloxicam concentrations in dogs with meloxicam toxicosis and substantially shortened meloxicam half-life.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Dogs that underwent timely cHP had excellent short-term outcomes, and cHP should be considered in dogs with high-dose meloxicam ingestion.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building the reviewer community: a Peer Review Week reflection.","authors":"Sarah E Wright","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.87.09.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.87.09.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-care measurement of total thyroxine in African pygmy hedgehogs may be clinically useful, although interpretation remains complex.","authors":"Iori Koizumi, Hirotaka Kondo","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize total T4 concentrations and support clinical interpretation of T4 measurements in African pygmy hedgehogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study evaluated T4 concentrations in hedgehogs presented to a primarily first-opinion exotic animal practice from October 2023 through November 2025. Thyroxine concentrations were measured using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA)-based point-of-care analyzer. A clinically screened subgroup (n = 15) was defined using clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria to characterize the observed T4 range. Exploratory subgroup comparisons were performed to evaluate associations between T4 concentrations and predefined clinicopathologic categories. A subset of samples was additionally analyzed using a chemiluminescent EIA (CLEIA)-based system to assess agreement between the EIA and CLEIA methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>68 hedgehogs were included. The observed T4 range in the clinically screened subgroup measured using the EIA analyzer was 0.9 to 4.4 μg/dL. Eighteen animals had T4 concentrations exceeding the highest observed value in the clinically screened subgroup. No significant associations were identified between circulating T4 concentrations and predefined clinicopathologic categories. Agreement between EIA and CLEIA measurements was high (intraclass correlation coefficient [3, 1], 0.920; 95% CI, 0.848 to 0.959), although proportional bias was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interpretation of altered T4 concentrations in hedgehogs remains complex.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>T4 measurement using an EIA analyzer may be clinically useful in hedgehogs; however, high T4 concentrations should be interpreted cautiously in conjunction with clinical findings and concurrent disease because altered T4 concentrations may reflect diverse clinical conditions rather than primary thyroid disease alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative rotational instability after tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy is associated with acute cranial cruciate ligament rupture and meniscal injury.","authors":"Anne Copet, Mathilde Fostier-Humbert, Margaux Blondel, Thibaut Cachon","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of postoperative rotational instability following tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed for dogs undergoing TPLO for CrCL rupture at a single referral institution from 2018 through 2025. Rotational instability was defined as persistence of a positive tibial pivot test (TPT) after TPLO requiring placement of an antirotational suture. Signalment, clinical findings, radiographic variables, and intraoperative data were compared between rotationally unstable and stable stifles. Variables associated with instability in univariable analysis were included in a multivariable logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 312 stifles met inclusion criteria. Postoperative rotational instability was identified in 77 of 312 stifles (24.6%). In multivariable analysis, chronic presentation was associated with lower odds of instability (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.85). Increasing lameness severity (OR, 1.54/grade increase; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.24), complete CrCL rupture (OR, 23.48; 95% CI, 6.50 to 152.25), and meniscal tear (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.26 to 5.88) were associated with higher odds of instability. Age, body weight, osteoarthritis score, and preoperative tibial plateau angle were not independently associated with instability after adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rotational instability following TPLO is relatively common and is primarily associated with lesion severity and acute presentation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Recognition of these risk factors may prompt more careful intraoperative assessment for rotational instability using the tibial compression pivot test, thereby helping identify dogs that may benefit from adjunctive antirotational stabilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A newly derived formula outperforms published formulae for estimating urine osmolality in healthy dogs receiving intravenous fluids.","authors":"Yunho Jeong, Yang Qu, Min Su Kim, Jiwoong Her","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To derive a formula to estimate urine osmolality (Uosm) in dogs with urine sodium, potassium, glucose, and urea nitrogen and to compare the performance of the derived formula with published formulae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted using purpose-bred Beagles housed at a university research facility. Healthy dogs, confirmed by physical examination and laboratory testing, received isotonic or hypotonic IV fluids in a randomized sequence for 48 hours, with a 10-day washout period between treatments. Urine samples were collected through indwelling urinary catheters at baseline and every 12 hours. Urine osmolality and urinary osmolytes were measured. Linear mixed models were used to derive formulae, and agreement was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Bland-Altman analysis, and Passing-Bablok regression. Performance was compared with published formulae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>9 dogs provided 89 urine measurements. The proposed formula was Uosm = 2 X sodium + 1.8 X potassium + urea nitrogen2.5 (mg/dL) + glucose3.9 (mg/dL). The CCC was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.97), and the fixed bias was +7.99 mOsm/kg. Passing-Bablok regression revealed no proportional or constant bias. Compared with the published formulae, the proposed formula had the highest CCC and lowest fixed bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed formula provided a simple and reliable method to estimate Uosm in healthy dogs receiving isotonic and hypotonic IV fluids and outperformed the published formulae. Further validation in pathologic states is warranted.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This formula improves the assessment of renal water handling, fluid balance, and kidney concentration ability when measuring Uosm is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous catheter placement in the marginal ear vein of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is achievable by final-year veterinary students, with clinical exposure improving confidence.","authors":"Athin Athinodorou, Megan Kiln, Emma Keeble, Jenna Richardson","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify if rabbit IV catheter placement (ICP) in the marginal ear vein was readily achievable for veterinary students and whether student confidence improved with ICP experience. We hypothesized that students would achieve successful ICP placement on their first attempt and that student confidence would increase after ICP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Final-year undergraduate veterinary students on clinical rotations at the University of Edinburgh Hospital for Small Animals participated over a 1-year period. The prospective observational study involved completion of an anonymized questionnaire with 2 parts, completed before ICP and after ICP. The time taken for successful placement and the number of attempts were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>70 students participated in this study. Intravenous catheter placement was successful on the first attempt in 78.5% of students; the mean time for successful ICP was 4 minutes and 10 seconds. After ICP placement, students had a statistically significant increase in confidence in rabbit ICP, scoring a median of 2.5 points higher in confidence on a 10-point scale. There was no significant correlation between previous ICP experience or preprocedure confidence score and speed of ICP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ICP of the rabbit marginal ear vein is highly achievable for veterinary students, with most students achieving ICP on their first attempt. Following successful ICP, student confidence in this procedure in rabbits increased.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Rabbit ICP is readily achievable by veterinary students and should be included as a core clinical skill in undergraduate veterinary education, promoting confidence in students interacting with this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical presentation, computed tomographic findings, treatment, and outcome of traumatic jaw fractures in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 21 cases (2014-2025).","authors":"Mathilde Charrasse, Harriet Hahn, Kathryn Phillips, Florian Boutoille, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Minh Huynh","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To present clinical features, CT findings, treatment, and outcome for traumatic jaw fractures diagnosed via CT.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Medical records from 2014 through 2026 were reviewed, and 21 rabbits with traumatic jaw fractures diagnosed by CT were selected.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Among the 21 rabbits that fit the inclusion criteria, trauma sources included involuntary owner-inflicted trauma (n = 10), sofa-related falls or entrapment (3), dog bites (2), post-dental trimming issues (1), trauma with a table (1), fall of cardboard onto the head (1), fall of a folding table onto the head (1), and unknown (2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fractures of the mandibular ramus were identified in 85.7% cases (unilateral, n = 14; bilateral, 4). Concurrent fractures were common (intermandibular suture (n = 5), body of the mandible (4), zygomatic arch (5), frontal bone (1), presphenoid bone (1), tympanic bulla (1)). A recurrent mandibular fracture pattern was seen in 47.6% of cases (n = 10). Complications in 13 rabbits that had a follow-up included dental malocclusion of incisors (n = 8) and cheek teeth (6), chronic dacryocystitis (2), hyperthermia (2), mandibular abscess (1), and persistence of vestibular syndrome (1). Notably, 11 rabbits were still alive 581 days after the trauma.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Traumatic jaw injuries in rabbits frequently involve multiple concurrent fracture sites and associated craniofacial lesions. Computed tomography allowed detailed anatomical characterization of fracture configurations and associated injuries, supporting its value for comprehensive lesion assessment. Mandibular ramus fractures were the most common injuries and were generally associated with favorable survival, although long-term dental complications were frequent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated injection improves consistency of brain perfusion parameters in dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging in dogs in a randomized trial.","authors":"Anna M Eichrodt, Adriano Wang Leandro, Katrin M Beckmann, Matthias Dennler","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare perfusion characteristics in morphologically normal canine brains with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI following manual versus automated contrast medium injection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Client-owned dogs undergoing routine 3-tesla brain MRI protocol including DSC were prospectively enrolled, randomly allocated to manual or automated contrast medium injection between November 2023 and February 2025. Gadoteric acid (0.1 mmol/kg) was injected at weight-dependent rates: 1 mL/s (1 to 5 kg), 2 mL/s (6 to 15 kg), and 3 mL/s (> 15 kg). Perfusion parameters evaluated included time of contrast medium arrival (T0), time to peak contrast medium enhancement (TTP), mean transit time of contrast medium (MTT), relative cerebral blood flow (relCBF), and relative cerebral blood volume (relCBV) at 3 regions of interest: thalamus, piriform lobe, and semioval center. Mann-Whitney U tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction were used. Rank-biserial correlations were calculated as effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dynamic susceptibility contrast studies of 29 dogs with morphologically normal brains were included (16 manual and 13 automated injections). Manual injection showed longer T0, TTP, and MTT in all regions of interest and higher relCBV in the semioval center compared to automated injection. The relCBF was higher in the thalamus and piriform lobe with automated injection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With manual injection, the perfusion curves appeared flatter and wider compared to automated injection, resulting in prolonged T0, TTP, MTT, and reduced relCBF.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Automated injection achieves superior reproducibility of DSC curves. However, manual injection is also feasible, but wider DSC curves should be expected, and appropriate reference parameters should be considered when evaluating brain pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}