American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Single oral dose of pravastatin exceeded target plasma concentrations and displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).","authors":"Marina R Liles, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Heather Knych, Hugues Beaufrère","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0117","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the plasma concentrations and determine the pharmacokinetic profile of pravastatin after administration of a single oral dose in cockatiels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot study was performed at single oral doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. Based on the results of the pilot study, 14 adult cockatiels (7 male and 7 female) were administered a 40-mg/kg dose using a compounded oral suspension of pravastatin via oral gavage. Blood samples were collected at 7 different time points from 0.5 to 12 hours after administration in a balanced incomplete block design, with 3 blood samples/bird and 6 replicates/time point. Plasma concentrations of pravastatin were determined via LC-MS-MS. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using compartmental analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated time to maximum concentration, maximum plasma concentration, and terminal half-life were 2 hours, 669.9 ng/mL, and 3 hours, respectively. There was high interindividual variability, and 1 cockatiel had extremely high levels of pravastatin through all sample points and was excluded from the analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single oral dose of 40 mg/kg of pravastatin administered to cockatiels exceeded plasma concentrations that would be considered therapeutic in humans (45 to 55 ng/mL).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A starting dose of 40 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours or lower has the potential of being beneficial in the treatment of cockatiels with lipid disorders pending further investigations with multidose pharmacokinetic studies, efficacy studies evaluating hypolipidemic effect, and its possible administration in drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graduate students harness artificial intelligence to boost animal, human health.","authors":"Jonathan M Levine","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.07.0241","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.07.0241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of experimentally induced mitral regurgitation on endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 as a biomarker of endothelial injury in dogs.","authors":"Seongsoo Lim, Daeyun Seo, Beomkwan Namgoong, Heesung Uhm, Hyeajeong Hong, Nanju Lee, Isong Kim, Seunghun Heo, Jihwan Kang, Cheyoun Kim, Hayoung Shin, Min Su Kim","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate changes in plasma endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) concentrations following mitral regurgitation (MR) induction in dogs and to evaluate their association with established diagnostic markers of myxomatous mitral valve disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Purpose-bred Beagles were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial from January 2024 through March 2025. Mitral regurgitation was induced in each dog via a minimally invasive intervention under fluoroscopic guidance with mean left atrial pressure monitoring. Plasma ESM-1 concentrations were measured at baseline, 30 minutes postoperatively (PO), and 6 weeks PO. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations and hemodynamic, radiographic, and echocardiographic variables were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks PO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 6 Beagles enrolled in the study developed pathological MR without clinical signs. Their plasma ESM-1 concentrations significantly increased at 6 weeks PO from the baseline, whereas no significant change was observed at 30 minutes PO. The ESM-1 concentration was positively correlated with the left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio, peak early diastolic transmitral velocity, and early diastolic transmitral velocity-to-early diastolic mitral annular velocity. No significant correlations were found for other variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Experimentally induced MR led to a delayed but significant increase in plasma ESM-1 concentrations, which were positively associated with echocardiographic indicators of diastolic dysfunction and left atrial volume overload. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 expression and acute mean left atrial pressure elevation were not associated.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Plasma ESM-1 concentrations may reflect early endothelial glycocalyx degradation during the asymptomatic stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease and represent a potential endothelial injury biomarker in veterinary cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of temperature and water hardness on the stability of mixed tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline) used in veterinary medicine.","authors":"Zohra Olumee-Shabon, Sean Knutson","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0136","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines how temperature and water hardness affect the stability of tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline (CTC) in a mixed solution using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to simulate typical livestock treatment conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Calibration curves (0.8 to 8 mg/L) and quality control spikes (1.33, 2.56, and 5.30 mg/L) were utilized to ensure accuracy. Reagent, soft, and hard waters were tested at 22 and 35 °C. The stability of 7 commercial TC products was then evaluated under the same conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tetracycline and oxytetracycline exhibited stability across all conditions with consistent recoveries, regardless of water hardness or temperature. In reagent water, CTC was stable for 25 hours, but in soft and hard water, the recoveries diminished over time. Temperature further adversely affected CTC stability, with marked degradation at 35 °C. Upon validation, the stability of 7 commercial TC products was tested using the same conditions, mirroring the behavior of the neat standards. Notably, CTC-containing products like Chloronex and Pennchlor 64 showed similar degradation profiles, reinforcing the impact of water hardness and temperature on CTC stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings emphasize the significant influence of water hardness and temperature on CTC stability. Proper handling and storage practices for TC-based medications are essential to ensure control of CTC-containing products like Chloronex and Pennchlor 64.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study underscores the importance of proper storage for CTC-based medications, as their stability is significantly affected by water hardness and temperature, impacting treatment efficacy in livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of an in-clinic cortisol assay in dogs with suspected hypoadrenocorticism.","authors":"Ana Torrano Guillamón, Casandra Juárez Sarrión, Eva Prosper Asensi, Jorge Castro López, Paula García San José, Carolina Arenas Bermejo","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the rapid point-of-care ELISA by IDEXX (SNAP) for detecting hypoadrenocorticism (HA) in dogs. A secondary aim was to evaluate the agreement between the SNAP and the veterinary reference laboratory (VRL) using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (IMMULITE 2000) cortisol measurements. We hypothesized that the SNAP would correlate well with the VRL and aid in HA diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational diagnostic accuracy study was conducted from January 2023 through January 2024, enrolling dogs with suspected HA. Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed using an ACTH stimulation test, with basal serum cortisol (BSC) used for screening in some cases. Samples were analyzed by the SNAP and VRL, with the VRL serving as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>96 dogs were enrolled; 21 were diagnosed with HA. The SNAP showed correlation with the VRL (Spearman ρ = 0.923; P < .001). Median BSC and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly between methods. A BSC < 2 µg/dL yielded 100% sensitivity for both, with the SNAP showing higher specificity (73.1%) than the VRL (64.2%). Post-ACTH cortisol < 2 µg/dL was 100% specific by both methods, with 95.2% sensitivity using the SNAP. A 10.5% clinical discordance was observed. Passing-Bablok regression revealed proportional and constant bias, with the SNAP test tending to overestimate cortisol concentrations, but in the low cortisol range this overestimation appears minimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SNAP correlated with the VRL for HA diagnosis; however, borderline post-ACTH SNAP results should be confirmed with the VRL. The SNAP-derived BSC may be more specific than the VRL for ruling out HA.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The SNAP test aids HA diagnosis in urgent care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kansas State University: Impactful research advancing African swine fever virus prevention, control, and response.","authors":"Jordan T Gebhardt, Waithaka Mwangi, Jishu Shi, Juergen A Richt","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0170","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-derived mitochondrial preparation did not alter early inflammatory markers in a bilateral lipopolysaccharide-induced model of equine synovitis.","authors":"Elham Khaliji, Krzysztof Marycz, Marta Horna, Jessica M Morgan, Larry D Galuppo, Natalia Vapniarsky, Jennifer M Cassano","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate IA autologous platelet-derived mitochondrial preparation versus vehicle control in a bilateral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of equine synovitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2 ng of LPS was injected into bilateral intercarpal joints of 6 horses over 3 months. Autologous mitochondria, isolated with a commercial kit, were injected into one joint, while the contralateral joint received a vehicle control, a within-subject controlled experimental design. Mitochondrial organelle appearance was visualized on transmission electron microscopy. Outcome measures included synovial fluid and whole-blood cytology, synovial fluid and serum multiplex cytokine assays, and synovial fluid leukocyte gene expression via quantitative real-time PCR from 0, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with nonparametric tests when normality assumptions failed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed between treated and control joints in synovial fluid cytology, cytokine expression, or gene expression. Following LPS, increased total nucleated cells were observed in synovial fluid. Systemic changes included elevation in IL-12 and reduction in IL-10. In synovial fluid, FGF-2 decreased and interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased compared to baseline. Gene expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-18, matrix metallopeptidase 13, and PTEN-induced kinase 1 were upregulated whereas OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin-like GTPase and TNF-α were downregulated over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The bilateral LPS-induced synovitis model produced minimal systemic inflammation and moderate local joint inflammation. No benefit of this mitochondrial preparation was identified.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>While in concept there is potential for mitotherapy, our study design was unable to demonstrate benefits from this preparation in ameliorating the inflammatory effects of LPS-induced synovitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why our journals limit the number of words, figures, and tables.","authors":"Lisa A Fortier","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.86.08.editorial","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.86.08.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraperitoneal fluid administration to neonatal calves.","authors":"Kate P Ferguson, Christopher T Quinn, Archie G Moffat, Allan J Gunn","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0103","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if Intraperitoneal fluid therapy (IPFT) is an effective rehydration therapeutic option for dehydrated neonatal calves. Perceived risks and unknown efficacy have limited IPFT implementation into practice. It is hypothesized that IPFT will be an efficient and safe method of fluid administration to healthy neonatal calves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>4 L of isotonic saline was administered IP to healthy calves (n = 4). Control animals received no treatment (n = 2). Clinical and blood parameters were collected before and after fluid administration in all animals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Girth diameter and transabdominal ultrasonographic fluid depth changes indicated fluid absorption from the abdominal cavity following IPFT. Total plasma protein, chloride, and sodium concentration changes demonstrated fluid absorption into the systemic circulation. Clinical parameters and serum amyloid A concentrations indicated the absence of inflammation during or following IPFT administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that IP saline was effectively absorbed into the systemic circulation within a clinically useful timeframe. Intraperitoneal fluid therapy is a viable treatment option for moderately dehydrated calves.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Fluid therapy is indicated in dehydrated calves primarily for volume replacement and when more than 8 days old for correcting acid-base aberrations. Those that are recumbent and unable to suck will likely require IV fluid therapy. The animals likely to benefit from IPFT are those that are able to suck and ambulate but are likely to require more than oral rehydration therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescein is comparable to methylene blue for intraoperative detection of intestinal leakage after enterotomy closure on porcine jejunal segments.","authors":"Kimery Hankins, F A Mann, Colette Wagner-Mann","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0108","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the ease of visibility of lactated Ringer solutions with and without added dyes during leak testing of porcine cadaveric intestinal segments that underwent simple enterotomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>30 unpreserved jejunal segments were randomized into 1 of the 3 treatment groups as follows: lactated Ringer solution, fluorescein, and methylene blue. The preparation of tissues and experimentation was performed on September 17 and 18, 2024. Two-cm enterotomy incisions were made on the antimesenteric border and closed with a simple continuous suture pattern, leaving a 3-mm gap at the end of each closure. The randomly assigned solution was infused into each segment until leakage from the enterotomy gap was detected. Likert scores rating the ease of visibility of leakage detected by 1 of 2 observers, time to observed leakage, and volume infused were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistical difference in Likert scores, time, or volume was detected among treatment groups. Observer results were independent of each other, and a high correlation between time and volume was demonstrated. A trend illustrating higher confidence and faster recognition in leak detection was noted for the fluorescein and methylene blue solutions compared to the nondyed lactated Ringer solution for both observers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ease of leakage identification and time to leak observation resulted in higher confidence and faster recognition with the use of a dyed solution compared to a nondyed solution.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The use of dyed solutions may facilitate the detection of intestinal leakage after enterotomy closure, and fluorescein is a comparable alternative to methylene blue for this purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}