Radiography underestimates the severity of tracheobronchoscopy-confirmed grade IV tracheal collapse in dogs.

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0150

Masahiro Suematsu, Caroline V Fulkerson, Reo Nishi, Masahiro Murakami

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the agreement between radiographic and tracheobronchoscopic assessments of grade IV tracheal collapse (TC) in dogs and characterize the prevalence of the radiographic axial-rotation pattern.

Methods: This retrospective study included dogs diagnosed with grade IV TC via tracheobronchoscopy from 2021 through 2024. Inspiratory and expiratory right-lateral thoracic radiographs and tracheobronchoscopy images were reviewed. Collapse at 4 sites (midcervical, thoracic inlet, midthoracic, and carina) was categorized as mild (≤ 50%) or severe (> 50%). The most severe radiographic observation per site, the dominant radiographic finding, was compared with tracheobronchoscopic grade by weighted κ statistics and percentages of agreement.

Results: 78 dogs had inspiratory radiographs, and 68 also had expiratory radiographs. Radiography identified severe collapse in 68 of 78 dogs (87.2%) at the thoracic inlet but less frequently at midcervical (38 of 78 [48.7%]), midthoracic (9 of 78 [11.5%]), and carinal sites (9 of 78 [11.5%]). Agreement was fair for the midthoracic trachea (weighted κ = 0.24) and slight to poor elsewhere. The percentage of agreement for severe versus nonsevere collapse was 87.2% (68 of 78) at the thoracic inlet, followed by midthoracic (76.9% [60 of 78]), carina (66.7% [52 of 78]), and midcervical (47.4% [37 of 78]) sites. Mild or no radiographic collapse was observed in 11 of 78 cases (14.1%) despite grade IV collapse on tracheobronchoscopy. Radiographic pattern, known as TC with axial-rotation (Rad-AR) confined to the thoracic inlet was present in 17 of 78 cases (21.8%).

Conclusions: Thoracic radiographs often underestimate the grade IV TC and cannot exclude disease when collapse is not visible.

Clinical relevance: Radiography is a useful screening tool for localizing severe TC when collapse is evident, but tracheobronchoscopy remains essential for definitive staging and therapeutic planning.

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x线摄影低估了气管支气管镜确诊的犬IV级气管塌陷的严重程度。

目的：评价犬IV级气管塌陷（TC）的x线片和气管支气管镜评估的一致性，并描述x线片轴向旋转模式的患病率。方法：本回顾性研究纳入了2021年至2024年通过气管支气管镜诊断为IV级TC的犬。回顾了吸气和呼气右侧胸片和气管支气管镜图像。4个部位（颈中、胸入口、胸中和隆突）的塌陷分为轻度（≤50%）和重度（≤50%）。每个部位最严重的x线片观察，主要的x线片发现，通过加权κ统计和一致性百分比与气管支气管镜分级进行比较。结果：78只狗做了吸气x线片，68只狗做了呼气x线片。x线摄影发现78只狗中有68只（87.2%）在胸入口处出现严重塌陷，但在颈中（78只中有38只[48.7%]）、胸中（78只中有9只[11.5%]）和隆突部位（78只中有9只[11.5%]）发生的情况较少。中胸气管的一致性尚可（加权κ = 0.24），其他部位的一致性较差。胸入口处严重塌陷与非严重塌陷的符合率为87.2%（78例中有68例），其次是胸中部（76.9%[78例中的60例]）、隆突（66.7%[78例中的52例]）和颈椎中部（47.4%[78例中的37例]）。78例患者中有11例（14.1%）在气管支气管镜检查中出现轻度或无影像学塌陷。78例患者中有17例（21.8%）表现为TC伴轴向旋转（Rad-AR），局限于胸入口。结论：胸片经常低估IV级TC，当塌陷不可见时不能排除疾病。临床相关性：当塌陷明显时，x线摄影是定位严重TC的有用筛查工具，但气管支气管镜检查仍然是确定分期和治疗计划的必要条件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American journal of veterinary research 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

10.00%

发文量

186

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.