American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced breathing effort in pulmonary function tests by CO2/O2 gas mixture and barometric whole-body plethysmography in healthy and feline lower airway disease cats.","authors":"Wei-Tao Chang, Pei-Ying Lo, Huey-Dong Wu, Hui-Wen Chen, Chung-Hui Lin","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Enhancing ventilatory effort during pulmonary function testing can help reveal flow limitations not evident in normal tidal breathing. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of using a CO2/O2 gas mixture to enhance tidal breathing with a barometric whole-body plethysmography system in both healthy cats and those with feline lower airway disease (FLAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included healthy cats and those with FLAD, which underwent pulmonary function testing and were exposed to a 10% CO2/90% O2 gas mixture in a barometric whole-body plethysmography chamber, with CO2 concentrations maintained within the target range of 5% to 10%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 healthy cats and 15 FLAD cats were included. In healthy cats, tidal volume, minute volume, peak inspiratory flow, and peak expiratory flow per kilogram body weight increased significantly by medians of 4.3-, 3.5-, 3.1-, and 4.0-fold, respectively (P = .005). Cats with FLAD showed similar results, with 4.1-, 3.2-, 2.8-, and 3.7-fold increases (P < .001). Respiratory rate decreased in both healthy (52 to 40 breaths/min; P = .005) and FLAD cats (57 to 45 breaths/min; P = .04) after CO2 enhancement. All cats tolerated the CO2/O2 gas mixture well, with recovery within 60 to 120 seconds after returning to room air.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A CO2/O2 gas mixture successfully enhanced ventilatory variables in tidal breathing analysis and showed good tolerability in both healthy and FLAD cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This approach provides a practical option for short-term breathing effort enhancement in cats for clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of nonunion cases with linear external fixation in cats: 10 cases (2022-2023).","authors":"Ali Gülaydin","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiologic findings in the treatment of live oligotrophic and pseudoarthrosis nonunions in cats using a linear external fixator.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 10 cats of various breeds, ages, and sexes that had previously undergone osteosynthesis at another clinic but did not achieve successful results. These cats were diagnosed with nonunion based on clinical and radiographic examinations conducted at the Clinic of the Surgery Department, Siirt University Animal Health Practice and Research Hospital between 2022 and 2023. All included cats presented with clinical and radiographic signs of nonunion fractures. The fractures were categorized as oligotrophic or pseudoarthrosis types of nonunion, requiring further surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 10 cats recovered successfully without severe complications. Bone healing was completed within an average of 57.8 days, ranging from 47 to 71 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the effectiveness of linear external fixation in treating nonunion fractures in cats. The method demonstrated a high success rate, with all cases recovering fully.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Tailoring the treatment to the animal's size, fracture location, and nonunion classification makes this approach a valuable clinical tool for veterinarians managing such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for successful gastric perfusion computed tomography with low-radiation dose.","authors":"Kazuya Kushida, Mizuki Tamazawa, Miu Matsumoto, Kentaro Yamazaki, Eisei Shimizu, Airi Kaneyama, Shunsuke Miyahara, Aritada Yoshimura, Toshie Iseri, Kodai Tashiro, Masaaki Katayama, Ryuji Fukushima, Miori Kishimoto","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate how the blood flow analysis changes by varying the radiation dose of gastric perfusion CT (PCT) and to prove that a low-radiation dose of PCT is feasible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>5 Beagle dogs were used in a crossover study with 6 groups of varying radiation doses. Iodixanol was IV administered at 3.0 mL/s, and cine CT was performed for 120 seconds. Blood flow maps were obtained from the acquired images using the maximum slope method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in blood flow were observed between 80 kV at 50 mA and 120 kV at 100 mA and between 80 kV at 100 mA and 120 kV at 100 mA. Visual noise from the low tube current technique was absent in all color maps.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In gastric PCT, blood flow was calculated to be lower with imaging at a low-radiation dose than at a high-radiation dose. By considering that blood flow values change depending on the radiation dose, it was indicated that a low-radiation dose of gastric PCT is feasible.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These preliminary findings may have clinical applications in ischemic or oncologic gastric disease noninvasively, at low-radiation doses, and in a short time in the future. Since the contrast medium dose for PCT is low, the diagnostic value of CT examinations can be further improved by performing both conventional CT examinations and PCT at the same time.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of alfaxalone, alone or with butorphanol, on the ultrasonographic appearance of the feline spleen.","authors":"Grace McBride, Kristen M Fizzano, Alison M Lee, Marc Seitz, Robert Wills","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the sonographic effects of alfaxalone and butorphanol alone and in combination on feline splenic size, shape, margins, echogenicity, echotexture, and blood flow. Our hypothesis was that alfaxalone alone and in combination would be associated with an increase in splenic size and blood flow and a nonhomogenous echotexture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a randomized, prospective crossover study. 8 healthy adult cats were all injected IM with each of the following protocols in a randomized fashion, with a minimum of 7 days of washout between each protocol-alfaxalone 2 mg/kg, butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg, and the 2 in combination. Splenic ultrasounds were performed before drug administration, then every 15 minutes for 1 hour subsequently. Ultrasound images were interpreted by 2 board-certified radiologists. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and feline multiparametric sedation scores (FMSS) were also recorded. Splenic appearance, heart rate, respiratory rate, and FMSS were compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant changes detected in splenic margins, shape, echogenicity, echotexture, or blood flow compared to baseline for any of the protocols. An increase in splenic size occurred for all protocols, with no significant difference between them. Both protocols containing alfaxalone caused a significant increase in FMSS; butorphanol alone did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alfaxalone did not affect splenic margins, echotexture, echogenicity, or blood flow; however, a mild and transient increase in splenic size was noted.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Alfaxalone in combination with butorphanol provided the best sedation and can be used in the sedation of healthy cats for splenic ultrasound without significant changes to splenic appearance. Splenomegaly may occur but is unlikely to be of clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective observational study shows accelerometers can monitor effects of canine pruritus treatment.","authors":"Abigail O'Rourke, Leah Redford, Aletha Carson, Scott Lyle, Cassie Kresnye, Ciaran O'Flynn","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the use of collar-mounted accelerometers to objectively monitor treatment outcomes in canine pruritus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational data from 1,803 dogs from 2019 through 2023 were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of collar-mounted accelerometers to assess treatment efficacy for pruritic canine skin diseases. Accelerometer measurements were joined to electronic health records to establish symptoms, diagnoses, and interventions. A directed acyclic graph was used to identify relevant variables to control for, and linear regression was used to model the pruritic behaviors before and after intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant reductions in pruritic behaviors, particularly scratching and licking, were observed following interventions. Antibody and immunosuppressant treatments exhibited the most pronounced effects on scratching behavior, with a reduction in scratching of up to 40.9% and 23.4%, retrospectively, in the 30 days following intervention relative to the 14 days prior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collar-mounted accelerometers used to measure pruritic behaviors can detect the effects of interventions for canine pruritus.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Pruritus is a common symptom of canine skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis or allergic dermatitis, which can be difficult to diagnose and manage. This study highlights the use of collar-mounted accelerometers to objectively monitor treatment outcomes for canine pruritus, providing valuable insights into treatment effectiveness that could allow veterinarians and pet owners to optimize management strategies to alleviate the burden of this challenging condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical trials explore altering companion animals' microbiome.","authors":"Brian P Dolan","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposition of enrofloxacin in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid, peritoneal fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy mares.","authors":"Molly A Larson, Brent C Credille, Londa J Berghaus, Mark G Papich, Erin M Beasley","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), peritoneal fluid, and CSF in horses following IV administration of enrofloxacin at doses of 5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>6 healthy, mature mares were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of enrofloxacin at either 5 mg/kg or 7.5 mg/kg in a crossover design with a washout period of 10 days. Concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined in plasma, PELF, peritoneal fluid, and CSF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both doses of enrofloxacin were generally well tolerated. One horse developed focal, self-limiting limb edema. The median maximum concentration extrapolated to time 0 and area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable time point (24 hours) for enrofloxacin in plasma were significantly greater when horses were given enrofloxacin at 7.5 mg/kg. Similarly, the median elimination rate constant, half-life of the terminal phase, peak serum concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable time point (24 hours), area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve extrapolated to infinity, and mean residence time for ciprofloxacin in plasma were significantly greater following administration of enrofloxacin at 7.5 mg/kg. There were no significant differences between doses in any of the measured pharmacokinetic variables in PELF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no apparent pharmacokinetic advantage of enrofloxacin at the 7.5-mg/kg dose for susceptible isolates; however, this dose achieved higher concentrations and prolonged persistence in fluid matrices. Further studies are required to evaluate repeated administration at this dose for tolerability and clinical efficacy.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Despite the wide use of enrofloxacin in horses, pharmacokinetic data is limited. This study provides pharmacokinetic data that can be used in a clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic evaluation of the feline tympanic bulla is feasible for detection of epithelial remnants following ventral bulla osteotomy in a cadaveric model.","authors":"Rachel W Williams, Penny J Regier, Nirali Pathak, Francesca P Solari, Kathleen M Ham, Judith Bertran, J Brad Case","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate endoscopy for detection of epithelial remnants within the feline tympanic bulla following ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) and to report the most likely locations within the bulla for epithelial remnants to occur.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center experimental cadaveric study. 10 VBO procedures were performed by 5 board-certified surgeons in 5 feline cadavers. Following completion, a 1.9-mm, 30° rigid endoscope was inserted into the rostral, caudal, dorsal, lateral, and medial section, and images were acquired. A blinded observer evaluated the endoscopic images for epithelial remnants, and the percentage of the section containing epithelial remnants was measured. The mean and SD of distribution of epithelial remnants were calculated for each section.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Remnant epithelium was noted in at least 1 section in each cadaver. The dorsal section was the most common to have epithelial remnants identified (10 of 10), whereas the lateral (5 of 10) and medial (5 of 10) were the least common. The lateral section contained the most epithelial remnants (6.9 ± 11.42%), whereas the caudal section contained the least (1.2 ± 1.42%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of a 1.9-mm, 30° endoscope was feasible for evaluation and identification of epithelial remnants in a feline tympanic bulla following VBO. Epithelial remnants were consistently identified in all sections with endoscopic assistance.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Endoscopy following completion of a VBO may be considered to ensure complete removal of epithelium.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid profiles for red wolves (Canis rufus) managed under human care are significantly different compared to the profiles of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris).","authors":"Ashley R Souza, Kimberly Ange-van Heugten, Elizabeth G Duke, Tara M Harrison","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0276","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish a reference interval for amino acid profiles for healthy red wolves (Canis rufus).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Heparinized plasma of 48 red wolves was collected between August 2023 and April 2024 and sent to the University of California-Davis Amino Acid Laboratory for analysis. Reference intervals were created using the published American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology reference interval guidelines. Data were analyzed via Gaussian data distribution, and parametric statistical methods were used to produce a 90% CI of reference limits. The means of the red wolf intervals created were compared to those of the domestic dog using a z test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reference intervals were created for red wolves (n = 48). Upon completion of the z test, 11 of 21 amino acids were found to be statistically significantly different compared to those of the domestic dog.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A reference interval was created for red wolves. The red wolf amino acid profiles are different than those of the domestic dog, with 52% (11/21) of the profiles being statistically different.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Red wolf amino acid profiles should not be compared to those of the domestic dog reference intervals due to the significant difference between profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block increases intestinal motility in normal horses.","authors":"Barbara Delvescovo, Jacqueline M Chevalier, Luis Campoy, Marta Cercone","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a technique for ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block in horses and characterize its effect on intestinal motility in healthy horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted from January 2022 through June 2022. In phase 1 (dye study), an ultrasound-guided technique was optimized, and dye deposition around the celiac plexus branches was evaluated via postmortem dissection in 6 horses. In phase 2 (experimental study), 6 healthy horses were fasted and sedated with 0.6 mg/kg xylazine, IV (experiment 1). After a washout period, the ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block with lidocaine 1% (1.3 mg/kg) was performed after sedation (experiment 2). In both experiments, intestinal motility was recorded via transcutaneous ultrasound before sedation, after sedation (15, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours), and 1 hour after refeeding. Ultrasound video recordings were blinded of horse identity, day, and time; randomly arranged; and scored using a specifically designed motility scoring system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postmortem dissection confirmed dye deposition over the celiac plexus branches. In phase 2, a significant increase in intestinal motility was detected after the celiac plexus block compared to sedation alone, with a peak between 1 and 3 hours postblock (13.58 ± 2.8 vs 3.75 ± 2.4 at baseline); motility remained increased up to 6 hours. The only side effect observed was a transient hindlimb ataxia in 1 horse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block is feasible and induces an increase in intestinal motility in healthy horses without significant complications.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This technique can be considered in multimodal management of colic and paralytic ileus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}