American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of extended-release lipid buprenorphine in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and its effects on body temperature.","authors":"Hugo A Gonzalez-Jassi, Levent Dirikolu, Chin-Chi Liu, Thomas N Tully","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To obtain pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of a single dose of extended-release lipid buprenorphine (ER-B; 2 mg/kg SC) and evaluate its effects on body temperature (BT) in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) (HAPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental PK study, ER-B was administered to laboratory-housed HAPs, and BT was measured using SC transponders. One week before the PK study, BT was measured at 0.25, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, so each bird could serve as their control (CTRL). A single dose of ER-B was administered, and blood collection and BT were obtained at the same time points over 72 hours. Signs of sedation or adverse effects were recorded. A PK analysis was performed. Statistical analysis for BT of the CTRL and ER-B groups was performed. An ANOVA with a mixed-effect model and a post hoc Tukey comparison was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A PK profile from 15 parrots was obtained. Extended-release lipid buprenorphine was rapidly absorbed, with a mean time to maximum plasma concentration of 2.1 hours and a mean half-life of 13.8 hours. The ER-B plasma concentration was > 1 ng/mL for > 48 hours. Body temperature significantly decreased at 3 hours (ER-B, 39.7 ± 0.3 °C; CTRL, 40.7 ± 0.3 °C; mean difference, -1.06 °C; 95% CI, -1.97 to -0.1) and 6 hours (ER-B, 39.7 ± 0.3 °C; CTRL, 40.9 ± 0.3 °C; mean difference, -1.2 °C; 95% CI, -2.16 to -0.3) postadministration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extended-release lipid buprenorphine in HAPs sustains plasma concentrations for > 48 hours, with mild sedation. Body temperature decreased at 3 and 6 hours postadministration.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Extended-release lipid buprenorphine in HAPs has a prolonged plasma concentration and reduced BT postadministration. Further pharmacodynamic evaluation could be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of dogs with cervical disease revealed a higher proportion of intervertebral disk disease in small dogs and neoplasia in large dogs.","authors":"Katherine Darrah, Stephen Spence","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.12.0450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.12.0450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the proportion of lesions identified on cervical MRI in dogs based on weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records from a tertiary referral hospital were reviewed for dogs that underwent cervical MRI to investigate clinical signs consistent with cervical disease from August 30, 2019, through August 30, 2024. Dogs were grouped according to their weight (< 15 or ≥ 15 kg). Case details, including the patients' weight, breed, age, sex and neuter status, presenting clinical signs, and MRI findings, were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 270 dogs included in the study. In dogs weighing < 15 kg, the proportion of intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) was 145 of 175 (82.9%) compared to 58 of 95 (61.1%) in dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg, and the odds of having IVDD were 68% less for dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.57). There was no significant association between IVDD and weight in chondrodystrophic dogs. The odds of having neoplasia were 4.5 times higher for dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.1 to 15). The odds of cervical spondylomyelopathy increased with weight (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.16). The weights of dogs with atlantoaxial instability (AAI; median, 5.2; IQR, 2.8 to 6.9) were significantly less than dogs without AAI (median, 11.0; IQR, 6.4 to 25.5). The odds of congenital abnormalities were 97% higher for dogs weighing < 15 kg compared to dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, < 0.001 to 0.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs weighing < 15 kg had significantly higher proportions of IVDD, AAI, and congenital abnormalities compared to dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg. Dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg had significantly higher proportions of neoplasia and cervical spondylomyelopathy compared to dogs weighing < 15 kg.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This knowledge can improve the initial consultation discussion with clients that are considering advanced imaging for dogs with cervical disease and subsequent diagnostics and treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebral left atrial ventral: a new prognostic marker in dogs with mitral valve disease.","authors":"Tamyris Beluque, Mariangela Endrighi, Stephany Buba Lucina, Alessandra Rodrigues, Jaislane Bastos Braz, Evandro Zacché, Leonardo Bianchi de Oliveira, Tilde Rodrigues Froes, Marlos Gonçalves Sousa","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.11.0388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.11.0388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare previously described radiographic measurements to identify dogs in stage B2, cutoff values, propose a new measurement and evaluate their ability to predict survival in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational, retrospective, and prospective study included dogs without heart disease (control) or diagnosed with MVD by Doppler echocardiography. Radiographic measurements included left atrial width (LAwidth), radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD), vertebral left atrial size (VLAS), modified VLAS (M-VLAS), vertebral left atrial ventral (VLAV), and vertebral heart score (VHS). All dogs underwent complete echocardiographic and radiographic examinations. Dogs with hemivertebrae, cardiac or pulmonary neoplasia, or poor-quality examinations were excluded. Examinations performed between November 2017 and April 2024 were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Examinations were evaluated in 191 dogs. VLAS, M-VLAS, LAwidth, and RLAD differed between stages B1, B2, and C/D. VLAV differed between control and stage B1 from stages B2 and C/D. VLAV accurately identified dogs with stage B2 MVD, showing good diagnostic performance (AUC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88), and was similar to the other measurements. Cutoff values for identifying left cardiomegaly were defined for all measures (VLAS > 2.48; M-VLAS > 3.4; LAwidth > 2.11; RLAD > 2.7; VLAV > 2.99). Repeatability and reproducibility were good to excellent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VLAS and M-VLAS reliably identified increased LA/Ao ratio and suspected stage B2 MVD. Higher values of VLAS, M-VLAS, LAwidth, and VLAV were associated with shorter survival, with VLAV ≥ 3.0 indicating an unfavorable outcome.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These measures may be considered to screen which patients will undergo echocardiography and to assist in predicting survival time.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research at the Atlantic Veterinary College.","authors":"John VanLeeuwen, Caroline Ritter, Beibei Jia, Jason Stull, Krishna Thakur, Sonja Saksida, Henrik Stryhn, Ian Dohoo, Dominique Griffon","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy does not improve recovery of deep pain perception in dogs after hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disk disease.","authors":"Leah T Kienitz, Annette M McCoy, Mitchell A Robbins","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on recovery of deep pain perception (DPP) in dogs after hemilaminectomy for thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease (IVDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records of client-owned dogs with absent DPP in pelvic limbs after hemilaminectomy for IVDD from January 2014 through December 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy were divided into groups: received HBOT (HB) and no HBOT (NHB). Modified Frankel scores were assigned between 0 (absent DPP in either pelvic limb) and 5 (spinal hyperesthesia) preoperatively, postoperatively, and at recheck examination. Outcomes were compared using the Pearson χ2 test. Regression analysis assessed if other factors were associated with improvement in Frankel score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>110 dogs with absent DPP had thoracolumbar hemilaminectomies, 45 in HB group and 65 in NHB group. Thirty-three of 45 HB cases (73.3%) and 39 of 65 NHB cases (60%) improved neurologically by recheck examination (P = .21). There were no differences in neurological improvement between groups at any time point (P = .32). Multivariable regression analysis revealed worse odds of improvement for thoracolumbar relative to lumbar lesions (OR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.0008 to 0.49; P = .04). Improvement odds with thoracolumbar lesions were lower in NHB than HB group (contrast OR, 0.029; 95% CI, 0.027 to 0.031; P = .01). HBOT session amount was not associated with improvement (P = .65).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HBOT did not impact recovery of DPP after hemilaminectomy. Thoracolumbar lesions had lower odds of neurological improvement than lumbar lesions. Odds were improved with HBOT.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Findings may predict return to ambulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent and recurrent hypercalcemia are uncommon in dogs undergoing surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"Natalia L Rosa-Padilla, Brenley Fuller, Cambrie Schumacher, Cassie Lux, Kelley Thieman, Kathryn Biehl, Kathleen Ham","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report the proportion of cases, causes, and definitions of recurrent and persistent hypercalcemia in dogs following surgical removal of autonomously functioning parathyroid tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of medical records from 3 academic veterinary hospitals (2012 to 2022) identified dogs with surgically treated primary hyperparathyroidism. Data included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostics, treatment, histopathology, and outcomes. Dogs were categorized by follow-up: ≤ 6 months (group 1) or > 6 months (group 2). Descriptive statistics were performed. The Mann-Whitney U test compared preoperative ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone between dogs with persistent versus resolved hypercalcemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>202 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Group 1 included 123 dogs, and group 2 included 79 dogs. Mean age was 10.7 ± 2.23 years, with no sex predilection. Hypercalcemia-associated clinical signs occurred in 68% (138 of 202) of dogs. Histopathology revealed parathyroid adenoma (58% [135 of 233]), hyperplasia (24% [56 of 233]), and carcinoma (7% [10 of 233]) as most common. Persistent hypercalcemia occurred in 25 of 202 dogs (12.4%), primarily due to incorrect surgical removal or multiglandular disease. Preoperative ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone did not differ between persistent and resolved cases. Recurrent hypercalcemia occurred in 1 of 79 (1.3%) dogs in group 2, associated with a new mass. Fifteen dogs underwent a second surgery; 1 dog required a third surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Persistent and recurrent hypercalcemia were uncommon (12.4% and 1.3%, respectively). Multiglandular disease and incorrect surgical excision were the leading causes of persistent hypercalcemia.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study emphasizes that persistent and recurrent hypercalcemia are uncommon but require diligent perioperative planning and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vest-based sling provides greater hip flexion and abduction than a traditional Ehmer sling, with limited tolerability in healthy dogs.","authors":"Abigail L Huber, Pierre P Picavet, Martin Hamon, Walter C Renberg","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To measure hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation in a static standing position with the limb maintained with a traditional Ehmer sling (TES), compare these with a commercially available vest-based sling (VBS), and describe short-term tolerability of the VBS in healthy dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>12 healthy client-owned dogs were prospectively enrolled between June 2024 and August 2025. A TES and a VBS were sequentially applied to the same hindlimb. Hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation were measured. Dogs were monitored for VBS tolerability and complications for up to 14 days at home, based on predefined study end points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the TES, the VBS resulted in greater hip flexion, reflected by a lower mean angle (53° ± 13° vs 66° ± 11°), and greater hip abduction (15° ± 5° vs 8° ± 6°). Internal rotation did not significantly differ between devices (TES: median, 1°; IQR, -5° to 5°; VBS: median, 6°; IQR, 4° to 10°). Only 1 dog completed the intended 14-day wear period. Four dogs reached a study end point due to device-related issues, 2 due to owner noncompliance and 5 due to poor tolerability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides reference goniometric values for hip positioning achieved with a TES and demonstrates that a VBS results in greater hip flexion and abduction, with limited short-term tolerability in healthy dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Establishing expected hip joint positioning may help guide clinical application and evaluation of Ehmer slings following reduction of hip luxation. Limited tolerability of the VBS may affect clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol anesthesia with preoxygenation enables magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination in rabbits.","authors":"Yuji Uzuka, Masaya Katoh, Takahiro Nagumo, Akiko Yamazaki, Yuki Hoshino","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.10.0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.10.0374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol (MMB) anesthesia with oxygen supplementation for neurological procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five adult male rabbits underwent a randomized crossover study comparing oxygen (OG; 3 L/min via mask before and during anesthesia) and air (AG; room air) groups (experiment 1) during IM MMB (medetomidine, 0.15 mg/kg; midazolam, 1.0 mg/kg; and butorphanol, 1.5 mg/kg), with atipamezole and flumazenil as antagonists. Arterial blood gases, oxygen saturation, and anesthesia scores were assessed. In experiment 2, MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection were performed under the same protocol to evaluate feasibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All rabbits recovered uneventfully. In experiment 1, oxygen saturation remained at 98% to 100% in the OG but was significantly lower in the AG (least median, 86%; IQR, 78.5% to 91.5%). The Pao2 was markedly higher in the OG, whereas it remained below 88 mm Hg, which has been defined as hypoxemia, in the AG. Hypoxemia occurred only in the AG, and 4 of 5 rabbits required supplemental oxygen. The Paco2 was significantly higher both in the OG and in the AG after 5 minutes post-MMB administration. Adequate immobilization was achieved in both groups, and all rabbits recovered from the antagonist. In experiment 2, MRI and CSF procedures were successfully completed under MMB with oxygen supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intramuscular MMB anesthesia with preoxygenation and continuous oxygen supplementation prevents hypoxemia while providing adequate immobilization for MRI and CSF examinations in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This protocol may be useful for performing MRI and CSF examinations in rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing clinically based equine research.","authors":"Donna Shettko, John Tegzes","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral docosahexaenoic acid supplementation alters alveolar macrophage metabolism and protein and lipid profiles in the lower airway of healthy horses.","authors":"Bethanie L Cooper, Kerry O'Donnell, Elise Hickman, Rosemary Bayless, M Katie Sheats","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the impact of a commercially available docosahexaeonic acid (DHA) supplement (DHA, methylslfonylmethane, and mushroom blend) on equine alveolar macrophage metabolism and lipid and protein profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective, sequential, placebo-controlled study using 10 healthy adult horses. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected at baseline, following 45 days of oral placebo administration, and following 45 days of oral commercially available DHA supplement, with a 14-day washout. Whole blood was collected following placebo and DHA supplementation. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected for airway cytology. Adherent cells were isolated from BAL cell pellets and used to measure alveolar macrophage oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate. Protein and lipid profiles were measured in BAL supernatant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>7 horses completed the study. The DHA supplementation significantly decreased the whole-blood ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids and significantly increased the ratio of DHA to arachidonic acid. Following DHA supplementation, mean alveolar macrophage basal and maximal respiratory capacity increased, and protein and lipid profiles in BAL supernatant were altered. There was no significant change in BAL cytology during any study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral administration of a DHA supplement increased alveolar macrophage oxygen consumption rate and altered lipid and protein profiles in BAL supernatant. Changes in alveolar macrophage metabolism may indicate a greater population of M2 (anti-inflammatory) alveolar macrophages.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings suggest that oral DHA supplementation may promote an anti-inflammatory profile in the lower airway, which could be beneficial for horses with subclinical airway inflammation and horses routinely exposed to airway-triggering environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}