American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium adolescentis LA20 alleviates doxorubicin-induced senescence and barrier dysfunction in feline intestinal epithelial cells.","authors":"Hengyan Wang, Tong Liu, Huasong Bai, Hongchen Jin, Yunliang Li, Zhanzhong Wang","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.08.0356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.08.0356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium adolescentis LA-20 (HT-LA20) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced senescent injury in feline intestinal epithelial cells (FIECs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This in vitro experimental study was conducted from November 1, 2025, through August 31, 2026, and involved only FIECs. No clinical patients or animals were included. The DOX-induced injury and senescence model was established in FIECs. The effects of HT-LA20 on cellular senescence and related proteins were evaluated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, cell viability assays, and ELISA. Transcriptomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were integrated to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell-based assays and transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed with 4 independent biological replicates/group. HT-LA20 reversed DOX-induced reductions in cell viability and cellular senescence; upregulated tight junction proteins and mucins 1 and 2; suppressed release of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and matrix metalloproteinase 1; and promoted VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) secretion. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that HT-LA20 reversed DOX-induced omic disturbances. Integrated multiomics Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that its effects centered on the retinol metabolism-serotonergic synapse-intestinal immunoglobulin A immune network multitarget axis and regulation of inflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor κ B and Toll-like receptor signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HT-LA20 effectively alleviates DOX-induced injury in FIECs by restoring intestinal epithelial barrier function and suppressing inflammatory senescence.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings provide a theoretical basis for subsequent in vivo studies on postbiotics for chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury in veterinary medicine; clinical application requires further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced heartworm disease in dogs is associated with marked right heart and pulmonary artery remodeling.","authors":"Minsuk Kim, Min Woong Seo, Jaechun Cho, Chul Park","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize echocardiographic findings of right heart and pulmonary artery remodeling in dogs with heartworm disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records were searched for those of client-owned dogs with heartworm infection diagnosed from July 2020 through February 2023 and with no major systemic diseases not attributable to heartworm infection. Results for variables of interest were compared for dogs grouped by heartworm clinical class (classes 1 and 2 [mild] vs classes 3 and 4 [advanced]), pulmonary hypertension probability (low and intermediate vs high), and tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (mild, moderate, or severe). Pre- and postextraction variables were also compared for dogs with caval syndrome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>44 dogs were included. Compared with dogs with mild heartworm disease (n = 23), dogs with advanced heartworm disease (21) had greater right atrial and right ventricular enlargement, less right pulmonary artery distensibility, shorter pulmonary artery acceleration time, higher main pulmonary artery-to-aorta ratio, and lower right ventricular systolic function. Similar results were identified for dogs with high (vs intermediate or low) pulmonary hypertension probability. Normalized right atrial diameter had the highest discriminatory performance for identifying advanced heartworm disease (area under the curve, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.00), followed by tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient, normalized right ventricular dimension, and other variables. Right atrial size significantly decreased after heartworm extraction (n = 8 dogs).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced heartworm disease is associated with marked right heart and pulmonary artery remodeling.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Echocardiographic assessment of right heart remodeling may assist clinicians in evaluating heartworm disease severity and identifying dogs with clinically important cardiopulmonary involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning models based on facial images alone have moderate ability to predict negative outcomes in feedyard cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease.","authors":"Jordana A Zimmermann, Eduarda M Bortoluzzi, Brad J White, Luis F B B Feitoza","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the use of facial images and deep learning models to predict subsequent did-not-finish (DNF) outcomes in cattle at the time of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dataset of 1,271 facial images was obtained from feedyard cattle undergoing treatment for clinically identified BRD and classified based on 60-day outcome as finish (n = 891) or DNF (380). Five image classification models (MobileNetV2, ResNet18, ResNet50, SE-ResNeXt50, and ViT-l16-r224) were trained and evaluated using a stratified train-test split. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC), precision-recall AUC, and threshold-dependent metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across models, receiver operating characteristic AUC values ranged from 0.488 to 0.593 and precision-recall AUC from 0.296 to 0.380, indicating moderate discriminative ability. Sensitivity and specificity varied substantially across models and decision thresholds, reflecting trade-offs between identifying DNF animals and minimizing false positive classifications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Models with higher specificity may offer greater practical value for feedyard decision-making due to the economic impact of incorrect culling decisions. The modest predictive performance suggests that facial images alone may not capture sufficient information to reliably predict cattle outcomes following BRD treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Facial images alone had moderate ability to predict DNF outcomes in feedyard cattle treated for BRD. Incorporating facial imaging with clinical signs, health history, or other animal-level information may contribute as part of a multimodal decision-support system for BRD outcome prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149332066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination kinetics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during carbon hemoperfusion in 19 dogs with toxicosis.","authors":"Jiwoong Her, Mary A Labato, Catherine E Langston, Emmanuelle M Butty","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.08.0349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.08.0349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the elimination kinetics of NSAIDs during carbon hemoperfusion (cHP) in dogs with toxicosis, specifically the apparent elimination rate constant, half-life, and plasma reduction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>19 client-owned dogs (median age, 2.5 years; median body weight, 22 kg) with ibuprofen (n = 10), carprofen (5), or naproxen (4) toxicosis treated with cHP at 2 academic veterinary teaching hospitals from November 30, 2022, through July 7, 2024. Dogs were presented after known or suspected ingestion at median estimated maximum doses of 720, 200, and 325 mg/kg for ibuprofen, carprofen, and naproxen, respectively. The median interval from ingestion to cHP was 6.8 hours. Plasma concentrations were measured by LC-MS-MS in-serial samples collected during and, when available, after cHP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median total plasma reduction was 58% (IQR, 51 to 80). The overall half-life during cHP was 1.3 hours (IQR, 1.1 to 1.8) by the 2-point method, concordant by regression (1.4 hours), and approximately 3.7-, 5.4-, and 52.0-fold shorter than respective therapeutic-dose half-lives. Among 5 dogs with posttreatment samples, plasma concentration rebounded after cHP in 1 naproxen-treated dog. The cHP-associated rate constant exceeded the intrinsic rate constant 11- to 40-fold in 4 of 5 dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Carbon hemoperfusion was associated with substantial reductions in plasma NSAID concentrations during treatment in dogs with severe ibuprofen, carprofen, or naproxen toxicosis. Most of the decline occurred early in the session. Further studies are warranted to optimize treatment protocols.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Carbon hemoperfusion markedly shortened NSAID elimination half-lives in dogs with severe toxicosis, accelerating removal well beyond endogenous elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149332148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of Zenalpha (medetomidine and vatinoxan) administered intramuscularly and oral transmucosally in dogs.","authors":"Andrew W Lathan, Christopher K Smith, Stephanie A Kleine, Joe S Smith, Zenithson Ng, Chiara E Hampton, Genevieve Bussieres, Xiaocun Sun, Mitchell R Rust, Heather Knych, Reza Seddighi","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the sedative effects and pharmacokinetic profile of medetomidine and vatinoxan (Zenalpha) administered via the oral transmucosal (OTM) route. We hypothesized that sedation scores obtained from Zenalpha OTM (ZOTM) would not differ from Zenalpha IM (ZIM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dogs received 20 µg/kg ZIM or 80 µg/kg ZOTM. Sedation, anxiolytic, and handling scores were collected at 0, 15, 30, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after administration of Zenalpha. Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and data were presented as median and range. Physiologic data were collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, and 480 minutes. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 3, 5, 8, 8, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480, 720, and 1,440 minutes and analyzed for concentration of medetomidine and vatinoxan using LC-MS-MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>8 healthy adult Beagles participated in this study. Dogs in ZIM and ZOTM showed significant increases in sedation, anxiolysis, and handling scores compared to baselines. Medetomidine OTM was associated with a time to maximum concentration and relative bioavailability of 86 minutes (6 minutes ZIM) and 26.4%, respectively. Vatinoxan OTM was associated with a time to maximum concentration and relative bioavailability of 216 minutes (15 minutes ZIM) and 55.2%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ZOTM (80 μg/kg) provided effective sedation, anxiolysis, and improved handling in healthy dogs comparable to ZIM (20 μg/kg) administration.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Zenalpha administered OTM, at higher doses, may provide an attractive alternative to IM injection to achieve similar sedation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149332147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term, longitudinal companion dog research at a nationwide scale.","authors":"Kate Creevy","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.09.0381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.09.0381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149317198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the sterility and clinical use of a disposable spray cap for ophthalmic medication delivery in equine patients.","authors":"Vanessa Raphtis, Erin Barr, Michala de Linde Henriksen","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the sterility of a commercially available disposable spray cap in an equine barn environment and assess its clinical use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pilot study included an ex vivo microbiological study and an in vivo usability study. Ex vivo study: diclofenac 0.1% ophthalmic solution and neomycin-polymyxin B-dexamethasone 0.1% ophthalmic suspension were evaluated using either a traditional dropper or spray cap treatment method. Bottles were stored in an equine veterinary hospital barn and dispensed every 12 hours. Samples collected on day 0 and the final study day were analyzed for microbial contamination with next-generation DNA sequencing. In vivo usability study: client-owned horses were enrolled, and owners administered ophthalmic medications with the spray cap. A client survey evaluated owner satisfaction with the spray cap method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Next-generation DNA sequencing detected no microbial contamination in any of the ophthalmic samples. Five horses were enrolled in the in vivo usability study, and 3 horses seemed to tolerate the spray cap very well, with the highest mean score for a horse of 4.9/5. Two horses did not seem to tolerate the spray cap, with the lowest mean score of 2.0/5. Audible spraying sound produced during activation of the device was reported as the biggest problem.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The spray cap remained sterile in a barn environment and demonstrated favorable clinical use for some horses. Horse tolerance was variable depending on their temperament.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Disposable spray cap devices may represent a practical alternative for topical ophthalmic medication administration in selected equine patients and may also have applications for other species in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149284742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four of the deadliest diseases known to man are familiar visitors in the laboratories of University of Georgia Veterinary Medicine researchers.","authors":"Frederick D Quinn, David S Peterson, S Mark Tompkins, Biao He, Amy H Carter","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149284740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase-producing Proteus mirabilis isolates from companion dogs in South Korea (2018-2024).","authors":"Yu-Jeong Hwang, Yeon-Hee Lee, Md Sekendar Ali, Ji-Hyun Choi, Seung-Chun Park, Bo-Youn Moon, Suk-Kyung Lim","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0292","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of third-generation cephalosporin- and cephamycin-resistant Proteus mirabilis isolated from clinically ill dogs across South Korea from 2018 through 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was assessed by broth microdilution. Molecular characteristics were determined by polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 667 P mirabilis were isolated from skin/ear, feces, and urine/reproductive systems of companion dogs. Among them, 27.3% of isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. Molecular characterization of 38 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (5.7%)/AmpC β-lactamase-carrying strains revealed a high prevalence of β-lactamase cephamycinase-2 gene blaCMY-2 (65.8%) and β-lactamase cefotaximase gene blaCTX-M variants, including blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-15, and blaCTX-M-90. Multilocus sequence typing identified 16 distinct sequence types (STs), with ST135 (39.5%) and ST212 (21.1%) emerging as the most prevalent lineages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the first major cluster contains 31 isolates (81.6%) across 10 STs centered around ST135, whereas the second cluster comprises 7 isolates (18.4%) across 6 STs centered on ST292. Notably, the ST135-centered cluster was associated with robust MDR phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that companion dogs harboring MDR P mirabilis are among several potential reservoirs within the One Health context. Especially, clone ST135 may serve as a primary evolutionary axis and a high-risk endemic clone within the Korean canine population.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Our study highlights the critical role of dominant lineages in dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase genes and emphasizes the urgent need for continuous One Health surveillance to monitor potential transmission of these clones between companion animals and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149284678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Veterinary Advances belongs in your inbox.","authors":"Sarah E Wright","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.87.11.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.87.11.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"87 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149317199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}