American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Veterinary care providers recognize clinical utility of genetic testing but report limited confidence in interpreting direct-to-consumer results.","authors":"Nikki E Bennett, Elizabeth A Johnson, Peter B Gray","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Direct-to-consumer (D2C) genetic tests are increasingly accessible to pet owners, with commercial genetic companies entering veterinary distribution markets. This study evaluated veterinary care providers' (VCPs) awareness of the D2C genetic industry, experiences with clients' inquiries, perceptions of clinical utility, and confidence in interpreting test results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Veterinary care providers attending a professional conference (February 19 through 23, 2023) were invited to complete an online survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>229 VCPs began the survey, and 218 completed all sections. Respondents were predominately veterinarians (131 of 218 [60.3%]), mostly working in small animal practices (160 of 218 [73.7%]), with dogs (206 of 218 [94.9%]) and cats (199 of 218 [91.7%]). 186 of 229 participants (81.2%) encountered clients using or intending to use D2C genetic tests, often seeking recommendations or the VCP's opinion about genetic services. 86 of 131 veterinarians (65.6%) and 36 of 44 registered veterinary technicians (81.8%) perceived genetic testing as clinically useful. Veterinarians reported higher confidence in interpreting dog than cat results, with additional differences related to breed versus health information.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that VCPs are generally aware of D2C genetic testing, with licensed veterinarians and veterinary technicians recognizing its clinical utility. However, veterinarian confidence levels with assisting clients in understanding their results varies by species and test type.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>As trends in D2C genetic testing persist, there is a need for interventions to address the lack of guidelines and improve VCP attitudes and confidence in assisting clients with these tests. This will involve genetic companies offering targeted support and continuing education to address gaps in confidence related to dog, cat, breed, and health information.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system in healthy dogs during isoflurane anesthesia.","authors":"Elizabeth A Pollack, Lauren N Cromwell, Qianqian Zhao, Adrianna M Sage","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS; FreeStyle Libre 2) in healthy dogs during isoflurane general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>6 purpose-bred Beagle dogs underwent 3 anesthetic events, 1 week apart, in a randomized crossover study. 1 of 3 mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) states were induced under isoflurane anesthesia (hypotension [MAP, ≤ 60 mm Hg], normotension [MAP, 80 to 120 mm Hg], and hypertension [MAP, ≥ 120 mm Hg]) for 40 minutes. Interstitial glucose was collected from an FGMS (applied to the dog's neck prior to anesthesia) at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes from stabilization within targeted MAP range. Whole-blood samples were collected from a lateral saphenous vein for plasma glucose measurement (blood glucose gold standard; BGGS) and via marginal lip mucosal puncture for point-of-care glucose measurement (blood glucose point-of-care; BGPOC). Shrout-Fleiss intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were performed. Accuracy was determined using human International Organization for Standardization criteria, including Parkes consensus error grid analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interstitial glucose strongly correlated with BGGS and BGPOC (intraclass correlation, 0.962 and 0.953, respectively). Interstitial glucose measured higher than BGGS (median[IQR] difference 9[-2 to 20] g/dL) and lower than BGPOC (-27[-37 to -11] g/dL). Interstitial glucose BGGS increased as MAP decreased. 62.1% and 63.3% of interstitial glucose measurements were within ± 15 mg/dL when BGGS ≤ 100 mg/dL and within ± 15% of BGGS when > 100 mg/dL, respectively. However, 100% were within zones A and B of error grid analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite not meeting International Organization for Standardization standards, the FreeStyle Libre 2 demonstrated clinical accuracy for monitoring glucose concentrations in anesthetized dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The application of an FGMS before anesthesia may be useful for monitoring at-risk patients perioperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-care platform integrated with deep-learning, convolutional neural network algorithms effectively evaluates canine and feline peripheral blood smears.","authors":"Eric Morissette, Cory D Penn, Ruth A Hall Sedlak, Austin J Rhodes, Dan S Tippetts, Mike Loenser, Richard Goldstein","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To perform a diagnostic assessment of a point-of-care veterinary multiuse platform integrated with a model comprised of deep-learning, convolutional neural network algorithms for evaluating canine/feline peripheral blood smears compared to board-certified clinical pathologists (CPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study had a blinded, randomized, incomplete block design, and results were compared between CPs and algorithms. Blood smears from convenience samples from veterinary diagnostic reference laboratories from October to December 2021 were used. Study phase A comprised 2 parts: (1) object class identifier algorithm (leukocytes, platelets, polychromatophils, and nucleated erythrocytes) versus CP within the same field of view (FOV); and (2) monolayer detection algorithm plus object class identifier algorithm versus CPs with different FOVs. Study phase B comprised algorithms versus CP for platelet clump identification. Study phase C comprised algorithms versus CP for polychromatophil identification. Metrics including sensitivity, specificity, and agreement were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample size was 59 dogs and 60 cats in phase A, 92 dogs and 69 cats in phase B, and 47 dogs and 12 cats in phase C. For study phase A, part 1, the 5-part leukocyte differential count agreement was 96.6% for canine and 91.7% for feline blood smears, and for part 2, the agreement for estimated total leukocyte, platelet, polychromatophil, and nucleated erythrocyte counts ranged from 70% to 95% across species. In study phase B, the algorithm had 90% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The algorithm for polychromatophils had 100% agreement with CP results in phase C.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This platform achieved results comparable to those of CPs. Results are meant to complement automated CBC results.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Veterinarians may add this assessment as part of their standard in-clinic hematology analysis for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life improvement in 3 dogs with sleep-disordered breathing managed by permanent (crico)tracheostomy.","authors":"Jessica M Hynes, Jenna V Menard, Daniel J Lopez","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To retrospectively describe the management of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) via permanent (crico)tracheostomy (PT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample was 3 client-owned dogs. Each of the dogs had variable clinical signs related to their SDB with all having severely affected quality of sleep and experiencing multiple apneic episodes a night in the study period from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023. Two of the 3 dogs showed minimal daytime clinical signs, with 1 owner reporting no noticeable changes in breathing, activity, or alertness, while another noted only mild alterations. Despite previous brachycephalic airway surgery, clinical signs persisted or recurred, and all owners considered euthanasia secondary to nighttime signs. Permanent (crico)tracheostomy was elected in all cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medical records were reviewed, and a standardized survey was administered to owners. All cases demonstrated variable degrees of improvement in the severity and frequency of clinical signs relating to SDB following PT, and overall quality of life improved from poor to good in all cases. All cases experienced surgical complications ranging from moderate to severe following PT, with 2 of 3 dogs requiring revision surgeries for skin-fold occlusion and stenosis of the PT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep-disordered breathing may be an underrecognized component of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, with nighttime clinical signs significantly impacting quality of life.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Permanent (crico)tracheostomy may be considered in cases that either do not respond to initial brachycephalic airway surgery or in cases where clinical signs recur years after initial surgery. Owners should be aware of the likelihood of revision surgeries to achieve optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and ostriches: a deep dive into pathological and microbiological investigation.","authors":"Rania S Zaki, Nady Kh Elbarbary, Manal A Mahmoud, Mounir M Bekhit, Mohamed M Salem, Marwa Darweish, Ahmed Fotouh","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A comprehensive research was conducted to investigate the incidence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in ostrich farms in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved seven farms with bird ages ranging from 1 to 12 weeks and capacities of 2,000 to 5,000 birds per farm. 175 tissue specimens were collected from different organs (liver, spleen, heart, lung, kidney, intestine, and meat).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical signs of APEC infection included diarrhea, lethargy, depression, and weight loss, with a morbidity rate of 36% and a mortality rate of 7.6%. In the current study, 52.5% of the samples have E coli. The highest prevalence was observed in the liver (10.8%), followed by the spleen and intestine (8% and 9.1%, respectively). The most common serotype identified was O27 (28%), after that O78 (20%) and O44 (12%). Histopathological examination revealed severe lesions in various organs, including the liver, kidney, heart, and intestine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concluded the presence of APEC in different organs of ostrich in Egypt especially the liver, spleen, intestine, and breast muscle (meat) with evidence of severe pathological lesions in various organs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The study highlights the significance of APEC as a main cause of morbidity and mortality in ostriches. It underscores the necessity for actual control measures to avoid spreading the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the feasibility of using whole blood gene expression profiles to identify novel targets in canine septic peritonitis.","authors":"Samuel D Stewart, Jacob Cawley, Raven Moore, Alexandra Pivoda, Chand Khanna","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess gene expression profiles in canine whole blood with and without septic peritonitis to assess workflow feasibility and identify potential blood biomarkers that could be further investigated in future studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 6 dogs with cytologically confirmed septic peritonitis of any cause and 6 healthy dogs. All dogs had a CBC and biochemistry performed. The dogs with septic peritonitis also had point-of-care lactate and blood oxygen saturation measured for acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation score calculation. All dogs then had 2.5 mL of whole blood collected and placed into an RNA stabilization tube, which was processed using a commercial assay based on the hybridization of fluorescent probes for transcript quantification. Quality control, normalization, and data visualization were performed. Raw counts were exported, and differential expression was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evaluation of canine whole blood expression profiles was confirmed to be feasible. Differential expression analysis of septic and nonseptic dogs demonstrated distinct gene expression profile signatures. Five genes of interest were upregulated in septic whole blood including matrix metallopeptidase 9, IL-1 receptor type 2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic-γ, and cluster of differentiation 55.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study and associated workflow were feasible and can be scaled in confirmatory studies.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Future studies are now proposed to further validate the increased expression of putative biomarkers in a larger cohort of canine septic peritonitis patients with more relevant comparator control cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit may signal degree of hemorrhagic shock: retrospective evaluation in a dog model.","authors":"Jonathan S Jahr, Jonathan Dang, Ashley Tong, Stephanie Iskandar, Anamika Patel, Tristan Grogan, Klaus Hopster, Berndt Driessen, Robert A Gunther","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Data were extracted from preexisting published studies and evaluated retrospectively to compare lactate and base deficit values at baseline and posthemorrhage with changes in corresponding hemoglobin (Hb) and Hct measurements to assess any association of such changes with severity of hemorrhage over time. To understand the goal, the objective of this study was to demonstrate statistical changes in laboratory values as described above.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Previous prospectively designed experiments on 120 mixed-breed dogs were conducted. Various parameters, including Hb and Hct, lactate concentration, and base deficit, were extracted from the previously mentioned experiments. To validate this retrospective study, subset data on heart rate and arterial pressure were compared. In a subset analysis, 60 experiments were extracted to compare baseline mean arterial pressure to posthemorrhagic values to prove the validity of this model. Published studies were evaluated retrospectively to compare lactate and base deficit values at baseline and posthemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arterial pressure is lowest posthemorrhage, increases, then stabilizes. Baseline Hb averaged 15.1 g/dL and Hct 43.4%, and posthemorrhage values averaged 12.1 g/dL (Hb) and 35.3% (Hct). Significant differences were observed for both Hb (3.0 g/dL difference; P < .001) and Hct (8.3% difference; P < .001) posthemorrhage. Lactate significantly increased (2.1; P < .001), and base deficit significantly decreased (5.2; P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data collected retrospectively validated the model for significant hypotension. It was then possible to evaluate whether Hb and Hct may accurately predict the degree of hemorrhage. In this model, both Hb and Hct decreased posthemorrhage significantly, although the actual change in Hb and Hct posthemorrhage was modest. Lactate concentration increased, and base deficit decreased.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The data suggest that Hb, Hct, lactate, and base deficit should be studied to see if they may have a potential role in guiding resuscitation decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted thoracic ultrasonography shows high diagnostic potential for interstitial pneumonia in feedyard cattle.","authors":"Luis F B B Feitoza, Brad J White, Robert L Larson, Makenna Jensen, Laura Carpenter, Brandon L Plattner, Abigail Finley, Tyler J Spore","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To use a novel approach of targeted thoracic point-of-care ultrasound (TT-POCUS) of the caudodorsal right lung to determine potential associations between TT-POCUS measurements and the presence of interstitial pneumonia (IP) in feedyard cattle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study evaluated feedyard animals (n = 62; 358.4 ± 10.5 kg; heifer, n = 38; steer, n = 24) using TT-POCUS at time of respiratory disease treatment and microscopic assessment of lesions at subsequent mortality. Evaluations took place from July through December 2023. Pulmonary samples were collected at necropsy for histopathologic assessment, and lesions were used to diagnose IP or non-IP. Statistical models determined potential associations between IP, cattle demographic, and TT-POCUS measured variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evaluations of animals enrolled (n = 62) displayed significant associations with IP, including ultrasound lung score (ULS), B-line count, A-line count, and days on feed at treatment. Cattle with a ULS of 5 had the lowest probability of IP (0.12 ± 0.16) compared to cattle with a ULS of 2, 3, or 4 (0.72 ± 0.18, 0.93 ± 0.06, and 0.85 ± 0.08, respectively). Cattle with B-line counts > 5 had a higher probability of IP (0.86 ± 0.11) compared to cattle with 3 to 5 B-lines (0.38 ± 0.14). The probability of IP was higher in cattle with A-line counts < 3 (0.83 ± 0.10) compared to cattle with ≥ 3 A-lines (0.51 ± 0.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strategic targeted thoracic ultrasonography has potential a value of timely IP diagnosis in feedyard cattle, thereby offering important insights into therapeutic and management decisions.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Targeted thoracic ultrasonography can be utilized as a method for IP diagnosis in feedyard cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety evaluation of targeted osmotic lysis therapy in Beagles.","authors":"Robert P Hunter, James M Randazzo, Paige R Miller, Dennis Paul, Harry J Gould Iii, Richard Mallozzi","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to satisfy the US FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health regarding the safety of targeted osmotic lysis (TOL), a novel treatment for advanced carcinomas, in Beagle dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>12 intact Beagle dogs, 6 males and 6 females, were divided into 2 treatment groups of 6, each receiving 3 TOL cycles. For each 6-day cycle, digoxin was administered orally at 0.007 mg/kg q 12 h X 6 days to achieve steady-state plasma concentrations. On days 5 and 6 of each cycle, the animals were exposed to pulsed electric field (PEF) stimulation at a field strength of either 18 or 40 V/min for 2 hours. Following the completion of cycles 1 and 2, animals were observed for 7 days. On the day following the end of cycle 3, the animals were euthanized. A complete macroscopic examination was performed, and tissues were collected for microscopic examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As there were no concurrent untreated control animals, only qualitative comparisons were performed to assess potential differences between group 1, which received the digoxin plus 18 V/min PEF, and group 2, which received digoxin plus 40 V/min PEF. No adverse events related to TOL exposure were observed in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neither group demonstrated gross or microscopic lesions following 3 rounds of exposure to TOL.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Due to the lack of toxicity noted in the treated animals, TOL warrants consideration as either a standalone treatment option or as an adjunct to surgery or chemotherapy for managing malignant cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunization but not natural infection of horses results in antibody activity against the S protein of Streptococcus equi subsp equi.","authors":"Noah D Cohen, Emma V Hughes, Charlie Bayne, Ellen Ruth A Morris, Jocelyne M Bray, Kerstin K Landrock, Danielle M Gonzales, Reagan M Baker, Rafaela L Klein, Wen Liu, Rebecca M Legere, S Garrett Wehmeyer, Angela I Bordin, Igor H Wierzbicki, David J Gonzalez","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the immunogenicity of a vaccine targeting the S protein (Ssee) of Streptococcus equi subsp equi and determine antibody activity against Ssee in horses with strangles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was designed as a prospective experiment using 20 university-owned Quarter Horses and a cross-sectional serosurvey of 78 privately owned horses with strangles. Horses were immunized IM with 0 (n = 4), 200 (n = 8), or 400 (n = 8) μg of recombinant Ssee at weeks 0, 4, and 12. Serum and nasal secretions were collected at weeks 0, 4, 6, 12, 16, and 28 and tested by ELISA for immunoglobulin (Ig)-G against Ssee; nasal secretions were also tested for anti-Ssee IgA. The function of anti-Ssee IgG in serum was tested for complement deposition onto Ssee and opsonophagocytic killing of S equi subsp equi. Serum from horses with strangles was tested by ELISA for anti-Ssee IgG activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immunization with Ssee significantly (P < .05) increased serum and nasal IgG (but not nasal IgA) against Ssee for up to 12 weeks after the third immunization, and serum from vaccinated horses mediated significantly (P < .001) greater complement deposition onto Ssee, but not opsonophagocytic killing (P > .05), than controls. Horses with strangles did not develop high levels of serum IgG activity against Ssee.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunizing horses with Ssee resulted in increased activity of functional IgG in serum and nasal secretions, and horses with strangles had very low levels of serum IgG activity against Ssee.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>S protein has potential as a vaccine to reduce the severity of strangles and differentiate between infected and vaccinated horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}