American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Promoting livestock health and resilience.","authors":"Craig McConnel, Claire Burbick, Yoko M Ambrosini","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.03.0114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building the language of veterinary surveillance.","authors":"Julie M Green, Katie Krothapalli, Loyd W Shipman","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a heated anesthetic circuit decreases heat loss compared to a nonwarmed circuit in anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).","authors":"Greta Doden, Daneeya Guthrie, Pratyaydipta Rudra, Julianne E McCready, João Brandão","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of a commercially available heated anesthetic circuit (HAC; Heated ZDS Qube; Darvall) on body temperature in anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rabbits were anesthetized in a research facility over approximately 2 weeks in a randomized, complete crossover design (June 4 to 13, 2024). Each animal was sedated, then anesthetized with isoflurane twice (7-day washout) with a warmed (W) or nonwarmed (NW) HAC. Once intubated, the HAC was connected and preheated (43.3 °C) for W or off (room temperature) for NW events. Temperature (rectal and 2 esophageal modalities) was recorded every 5 minutes under anesthesia. At 60 minutes, anesthesia was discontinued. Once responsive, the animal was moved to an incubator (29.4 °C). Rectal temperature was recorded every 30 minutes until normothermic (≥ 38 °C). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, paired t tests, and a linear mixed-effects model, with significance at P < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>10 healthy approximately 4-month-old intact male rabbits were included. Hypothermia (≤ 37.9 °C) occurred in 10 of 10 NW and 7 of 10 W events. Temperature decreased linearly with anesthesia time in all events. Mean W temperatures were significantly higher than NW at all time points; rectal (regression coefficient, -0.19; 95% CI, -0.26, -0.12), Darvall esophageal (-0.40; 95% CI, -0.49, -0.31), and Vmed esophageal temperature (-0.31; 95% CI, -0.38, -0.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This HAC may be useful for minimizing perianesthetic hypothermia in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Hypothermia is a common anesthetic complication in rabbits. Determining effective methods to minimize perianesthetic heat loss is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-flow nasal oxygen therapy reduces work of breathing without altering systemic oxygen delivery or consumption in healthy, anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs.","authors":"Beomkwan Namgoong, Daeyun Seo, Nanju Lee, Seongsoo Lim, Isong Kim, Seunghun Heo, Jihwan Kang, Cheyoun Kim, Hayoung Shin, Soyeon Park, Jaewon Park, Jiwoong Her, Min-Su Kim","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) reduces esophageal pressure-derived work of breathing (WOB) indices and alters systemic oxygen balance in healthy, anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a prospective, randomized, crossover experimental study, 6 healthy adult Beagles received HFNOT at 0 (control), 1, or 2 L/kg/min (fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.21) under alfaxalone total IV anesthesia, with ≥ 7-day washout periods. Measurements were obtained at baseline and 10, 20, and 30 minutes after flow initiation. Primary outcomes were esophageal pressure swing and esophageal pressure-rate product. Oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, and oxygen extraction ratio were calculated using Fick-derived methods and thermodilution cardiac output.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 2 L/kg/min, esophageal pressure-rate product decreased from 134.9 ± 49.7 cm H2O·breaths/min at baseline to 50.6 ± 21.1 cm H2O·breaths/min, 54.6 ± 22.9 cm H2O·breaths/min, and 48.7 ± 23.8 cm H2O·breaths/min at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after initiation, respectively; esophageal pressure swing decreased from 7.1 ± 2.1 cm H2O to 4.7 ± 1.9 cm H2O at 10 minutes after initiation. The respiratory rate decreased during the 1- and 2-L/kg/min sessions. In contrast, oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, oxygen extraction ratio, arterial oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and mixed venous oxygen saturation of hemoglobin remained stable across flow conditions and time points.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFNOT at 2 L/kg/min reduced surrogate indices of WOB without altering systemic oxygen delivery or consumption in healthy anesthetized dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>HFNOT may reduce respiratory effort independently of changes in oxygen metabolism, supporting its physiological safety and potential role in modulating breathing mechanics in veterinary patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolvaptan substitution for torsemide is associated with improved renal biomarkers in dogs with advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease and concurrent azotemia.","authors":"Sung-Soo Park, Jiyoung Park, Changbaig Hyun","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.11.0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.11.0407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of substituting torsemide with tolvaptan on renal biomarkers in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and concurrent azotemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study reviewed medical records of dogs with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage C or D MMVD and azotemia. Three 60-day cohorts were analyzed: group 1, torsemide dose reduction (25% to 50%); group 2, 50% replacement of torsemide with tolvaptan; and group 3, complete replacement of torsemide with tolvaptan. Renal biomarkers (BUN, creatinine, and symmetric dimethylarginine [SDMA]) were evaluated at baseline, day 30, and day 60.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>41 dogs were included. Groups 2 (50% torsemide replacement with tolvaptan) and 3 (complete replacement) showed significant reductions in BUN, creatinine, and SDMA at days 30 and 60 versus baseline. In group 2, mean creatinine decreased from 2.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL at baseline to 1.6 ± 1.2 mg/dL (day 30) and 1.7 ± 1.0 mg/dL (day 60), whereas SDMA decreased from 29.9 ± 17.5 µg/dL to 21.5 ± 5.7 µg/dL and 23.6 ± 11.1 µg/dL, respectively. No significant changes occurred in group 1 (torsemide reduction). Sodium increased modestly in the tolvaptan groups, potassium remained within reference ranges, and echocardiographic and hepatic parameters remained stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substituting torsemide with tolvaptan was associated with significant improvement in renal biomarkers in dogs with MMVD and azotemia.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings suggest that tolvaptan substitution may represent a potential therapeutic option for managing azotemia in dogs with congestive heart failure receiving loop diuretics, although prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm clinical benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal gastric maturation in a rat model: gestational changes in glucose transporter-1, glucose transporter-4, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression.","authors":"Pelin Coştur Filiz, Emin Türkay Korgun","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between histological maturation of the fetal rat stomach and gestational stage-dependent expression patterns of glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, GLUT-4, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fetal gastric tissues were collected between gestational days 15 and 21 from fetuses obtained from Swiss albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Histological maturation, including glandular organization, mucosal fold development, and muscular layer differentiation, was evaluated via light microscopy. Expression patterns of GLUT-1, GLUT-4, and IGF-1R were assessed using immunohistochemistry with a semiquantitative scoring system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Advancing gestation was associated with progressive histological maturation and stage-dependent changes in marker distribution. Glucose transporter-1 immunoreactivity was prominent in the epithelium during early gestation but became more restricted with maturation, with relatively higher immunoreactivity observed in the fundus compared to the pylorus. Glucose transporter-4 immunoreactivity was more prominent during later gestational stages and was predominantly localized to muscular compartments. In contrast, IGF-1R immunoreactivity was weak during early development and remained minimal at later gestational stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings demonstrate spatiotemporal changes in GLUT-1, GLUT-4, and IGF-1R expression during fetal gastric development. These observations are consistent with known developmental patterns; however, they do not provide direct evidence of functional metabolic changes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings provide baseline descriptive data on gastric development that may support future investigations of congenital gastric abnormalities in veterinary and comparative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Your top trending JAVMA and AJVR articles and podcast episodes of 2025.","authors":"Lisa A Fortier","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.87.05.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.87.05.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"87 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumbosacral junction pedicle-probing technique for implant corridors in cats: feasibility and limitations.","authors":"Ronan A Mullins, Irene Marirrodriga Larrocha, Cristina Ortega Jusdado, Seamus Hoey, Karl H Kraus, Julien Guevar","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.12.0448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.12.0448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a pedicle-probing technique for determining safe implant corridors at the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7)-first sacral vertebra (S1) in cats and evaluate the feasibility, safety, positioning, and trajectory of drill tracts created with this technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CT of lumbosacral spine was performed in 13 feline cadavers to determine safe pedicle corridors. Using the pedicle-probing technique, drill tracts were created in the pedicles of L7 and S1 with a blunt probe followed by a drill bit. Postoperative grading of pedicle drill tracts for canal breach was performed on CT using a 4-point classification. Drill tract positioning, trajectory, and proximity to ventral S1 foramina were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At L7, 20 of 26 drill tracts (76.9%) were fully contained within the pedicle, 3 (11.5%) had > 50% of their diameter within the pedicle, 1 (3.8%) had < 50% of its diameter within the pedicle, and 2 (7.7%) were fully within the vertebral canal. At S1, 24 drill tracts (92.3%) were fully contained within the pedicle, and 2 (7.7%) had > 50% of their diameter within the pedicle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pedicle-probing technique was associated with a high rate of vertebral canal breach at L7, whereas a greater proportion of drill tracts at S1 were fully contained within the pedicles.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The pedicle-probing technique can facilitate safe implant corridors at L7-S1 in cats; however, a high rate of breaches at L7 and variations in drill tract positioning and trajectory emphasize technical difficulty.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic brain injury clinical score (TBICS) predicts survival outcomes in dogs and cats with acute traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Avital Levy, Kira Rapoport, Sigal Klainbart, Efrat Yagil-Kelmer, Merav Hagar Shamir, Orit Chai","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.02.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Score (TBICS), assess its prognostic accuracy in dogs and cats hospitalized with acute TBI, and compare its performance with the modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases were identified at the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital retrospectively (from 2017 through 2019) and prospectively (from 2019 through 2020). Animals were included if injury occurred within the preceding 24 hours and TBICS could be calculated from the neurological examination recorded within 24 hours after injury. The outcomes were survival to hospital discharge and survival ≥ 6 months. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated, and the areas under the curve (AUCs) were compared between the TBICS and MGCS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Short-term survival rates were 65.8% in dogs (25 of 38) and 64.5% in cats (20 of 31). In dogs, TBICS AUCs were 0.846 (short term) and 0.892 (long term); a cutoff of ≤ 8 yielded sensitivity/specificity of 80%/69.2% and 90.5%/73.3%, respectively. The MGCS AUCs were 0.812 and 0.873 with a cutoff of ≥ 14 (sensitivity/specificity, 60.0%/92.3% and 66.7%/93.3%, respectively). In cats, TBICS AUCs were 0.861 and 0.929; a cutoff of ≤ 7 yielded sensitivity/specificity of 70%/81.8% and 71.4%/88.9%. The MGCS AUC was 0.775 for short-term survival (cutoff, ≥ 13; sensitivity/specificity, 80%/63.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TBICS demonstrated good predictive accuracy for short- and long-term survival in dogs and cats with TBI and produced slightly higher AUC values than the MGCS in this cohort.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>TBICS is an effective clinical tool for evaluating prognosis that can be completed within minutes of admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel application of electromagnetic neuronavigation for guided ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in toy-breed dogs with hydrocephalus: a preliminary descriptive study.","authors":"Yongsun Kim, Ji-Hey Lim, Kyuseok Choi, Yebin Ryu","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.01.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the feasibility and accuracy of electromagnetic (EM) neuronavigation for intraventricular catheter placement during ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery and to summarize a practical registration workflow in toy-breed dogs with hydrocephalus.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>11 client-owned toy-breed dogs diagnosed with hydrocephalus.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Medical records from a single referral center were reviewed retrospectively (from September 2019 through May 2024). Dogs were included if they underwent VP shunt placement using EM neuronavigation (StealthStation S8; Medtronic). Dogs were 2 to 9 years old (median, 5 years) and weighed 1.3 to 4.0 kg (median, 2.9 kg). Presenting signs included seizures, head turning, ataxia, and tetraparesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hydrocephalus was diagnosed based on clinical signs and MRI. We placed the dynamic reference frame, which served as the patient position reference, in 1 of the following locations: the rostral hard palate, dorsal muzzle, sublingual rostral mandible, or ventral mandible. Accurate catheter tip placement was assessed by postoperative CT. We could confirm the direction and depth of the intraventricular catheter in real time while inserting the catheter during surgery. The anatomical setup of the device enabled accurate navigation between the EM navigation-displayed images and the actual coordinates.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The EM navigation system provides excellent guidance for VP shunt surgery in small dogs and has potential applications in various cranial neurosurgical procedures in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}