American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Vertebral heart size and vertebral left atrial size reference intervals in healthy Shetland Sheepdogs, Cairn Terriers, Italian Greyhounds, and English Springer Spaniels.","authors":"Lisa A Murphy, Charlotte I Zepeda, Nicole Piscitelli, Jessica Gentile-Solomon, Donald Szlosek, Reid K Nakamura","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate vertebral heart size (VHS) and vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) reference intervals in Shetland Sheepdogs (SSs), Cairn Terriers (CTs), Italian Greyhounds (IGs), and English Springer Spaniels (ESSs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The electronic medical records of IDEXX Telemedicine Consultants were searched for SSs, CTs, IGs, and ESSs undergoing radiography from January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023. Dogs were included if they had 2- or 3-view thoracic radiographs performed and no evidence of cardiopulmonary or systemic disease. The same board-certified cardiologist performed the VHS and VLAS measurements in all dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, a total of 778 SSs, 605 CTs, 569 IGs, and 447 ESSs were identified. Of these, 579 SSs, 433 CTs, 433 IGs, and 321 ESSs were excluded, leaving 199 SSs, 172 CTs, 136 IGs, and 126 ESSs available for analysis. The reference interval for SSs was 9.2v to 11.5v for VHS and 1.7v to 2.4v for VLAS. The reference interval for CTs was 9.3v to 11.2v for VHS and 1.6 to 2.4v for VLAS. The reference interval for IGs was 9.1v to 11.5v for VHS and 1.6v to 2.3v for VLAS. The reference interval for ESSs was 9.1v to 11.5v for VHS and 1.7v to 2.4v for VLAS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SSs, CTs, IGs, and ESSs have breed-specific VHS and VLAS reference intervals.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Clinicians should be aware of these results to accurately diagnose cardiac disease in these breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euthanasia of canines and felines under anesthesia can be achieved with lidocaine or mepivacaine via intrathecal, intravenous, or intracardiac routes.","authors":"Kathleen A Cooney, Sheilah A Robertson, Lori R Kogan","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effectiveness of lidocaine (L) and mepivacaine (M) as euthanasia agents in canine and feline patients via intrathecal (ITh), intravenous (IV), and intracardiac (IC) routes following induction of general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Canine and feline patients were euthanized from April 2024 through September 2024 at an animal shelter. Patients were randomly selected as part of an experimental study to receive L or M into the spinal subarachnoid space (ITh) or by IV or IC injection. Time to death and active signs of dying were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 canines and 66 felines were euthanized. Canines: mean time (± SD) to death (cardiac standstill) from ITh administration was 313.0 ± 74.4 seconds (L) and 261.4 ± 28.9 seconds (M); mean time to death from IV or IC administration was 203.8 ± 77.6 seconds (L) and 212.5 ± 37.8 seconds (M). Felines: mean time to death from ITh administration was 245.8 ± 65.0 seconds (L) and 311.0 ± 100.4 seconds (M); mean time to death after IV or IC administration was 98.9 ± 58.8 seconds (L) and 123.2 ± 86.6 seconds (M).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>L and M cause death in anesthetized canine and feline patients when administered at lethal doses (4 mg/kg ITh and 28 mg/kg, IV or IC). The ITh route took longer to achieve death in both species but had reduced active signs of death.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>L and M may be used as alternative euthanasia agents when pentobarbital sodium is unavailable or undesired.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low frequency of antimicrobial use in nursing beef calves from Western Canada has limited association with antimicrobial resistance in fecal organisms.","authors":"Jayce D Fossen, Sheryl Gow, Cheryl L Waldner","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examined potential risk factors for the frequency of antimicrobial use (AMU) within herd and potential associations between AMU and the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fecal organisms in beef calves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational study, all interested herds from the Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network shared individual treatment records in 2021 for nursing calves (N = 56); a subset also provided fecal samples from calves in the spring and fall of 2021 (N = 31). Herd attributes were examined for associations with frequency of AMU. Associations were also estimated between frequency of AMU by drug class and subsequent frequency of AMR for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp in the spring and fall.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individual animal AMU for nursing calves included oxytetracycline, florfenicol, and macrolides. Herds with at least 300 versus < 300 cows, that sold some seedstock compared to 100% commercial, and assisted more cows at calving reported more frequent AMU within herd. Antimicrobial use drug class and AMR class were not associated with E coli or Enterococcus spp recovered from calf fecal samples in the spring or fall of 2021, except for macrolide use and macrolide resistance in the fall for Enterococcus spp (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.89 per 10% increase).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The frequency of AMU in nursing calves is relatively low in most herds. Antimicrobial use was not associated with AMR, with 1 exception. The availability of individual records and fecal samples limited statistical power.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Antimicrobial stewardship, including best practices for prescribing and administering antimicrobials, remains a priority for veterinarians and the beef industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a chronic diagnosis inventory that enables reliable documentation of canine multimorbidity in the Dog Aging Project.","authors":"Tara Long, Kellyn E McNulty, Kate E Creevy, Annette Fitzpatrick, Alisa Hutchison, Audrey Ruple","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0038","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a novel chronic diagnosis inventory (CDI) to enable the study of canine multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An initial CDI draft was created by a veterinary internist, a veterinary epidemiologist, and a human health epidemiologist, and 34 nonspecialist veterinarians were chosen by convenience sampling throughout the US to review medical records and apply the CDI during 2 pilot studies conducted in January and February 2021 (pilot 1) and May and June 2021 (pilot 2). We specified the following inclusion criteria for records: (1) contained within an electronic veterinary medical record system, (2) from a general veterinary practice, (3) dogs ≥ 8 years old, (4) documented ≥ 3 veterinary visits, and (5) most recently documented patient visit within 2 months prior to the study. The CDI was assessed through commercially available survey-generating instruments, and correlation analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inter-rater κ statistics in the first pilot were poor, leading to clarifications and minor alterations to the CDI. Inter- and intrarater agreement for the second pilot indicated high diagnostic reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CDI was validated as a tool for documenting multimorbidity in dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The CDI will enable veterinarians to accurately and consistently document multimorbidity in diverse settings, which will enable the construction of multimorbidity tools. These tools can be used to predict the development of new morbidities in a multimorbid dog, anticipate the impact of new diagnoses on patient lifespan and quality of life, and plan for associated healthcare costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating resources for well-being in veterinary students and graduates: contextualizing contemporary literature.","authors":"Lauren C Bookbinder","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0037","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental ill-being in veterinary professionals is well described, and there are decades of scholarship and strategies aimed at preventing these outcomes. These efforts are impactful and important, but there is a critical need to balance the prevention of mental ill-being with the promotion of mental well-being in veterinary students and graduates. In 2017, the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education challenged veterinary scholars and educators to use positive psychology to foster and understand professional well-being. This literature review includes papers that accepted this challenge: descriptive peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2024 that evaluate positive mental health outcomes in veterinary students and graduates. Twenty studies (quantitative, n = 12; qualitative, 7; and mixed, 1) evaluating students (13), graduates (6), or both (1) are included. The results of these studies are assimilated to (1) describe resources for well-being, (2) highlight discrepancies between the reported importance of these resources, and (3) provide 4 opportunities to integrate resources for well-being including professional competencies, mentorship, promoting help seeking, and leveraging student and graduate motivators. Overall, this literature review contextualizes our understanding of strategies that promote veterinary professional well-being and balances the deficit-minded narrative that has dominated our understanding of veterinary student and graduate mental health for decades. However, meaningful attention to student or graduate identity is notably lacking. Veterinary students and graduates are not monolithic, and future work must disaggregate student identity when considering strategies for well-being to promote true equity in veterinary student and graduate well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary effects of oral trazodone administration prior to isoflurane anesthesia in healthy horses.","authors":"Takumi Kazama, Rachel C Hector, Ann M Hess, Marlis L Rezende","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the cardiopulmonary effects of oral trazodone before isoflurane anesthesia in systemically healthy horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>12 horses donated for euthanasia (from August 2022 through June 2023) due to conditions unrelated to the cardiovascular system were included in this prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Horses were assigned to receive oral trazodone (6 mg/kg; n = 7) or corn syrup (n = 5) 1 hour before xylazine (1 mg/kg, IV) sedation, ketamine (2.2 mg/kg, IV) and propofol (0.7 mg/kg, IV) induction, and anesthetic maintenance with inhaled isoflurane (target 1.6% expired) for 75 minutes. Dobutamine (1 μg/kg/min, IV) was administered during the last 15 minutes of anesthesia before euthanasia. The primary outcome cardiac index (CI; saline thermodilution technique) was recorded at baseline, 1 hour after oral dosing, after sedation and induction, and every 15 minutes under anesthesia. Data were compared between groups using a mixed model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 12 horses completed the study. No significant differences were observed between groups at all time points except after dobutamine infusion, where CI (mean ± SD) was significantly higher in the trazodone group (66.2 ± 16.8 mL/min/kg) than the control group (46.8 ± 6.6 mL/min/kg). One horse in the trazodone group displayed signs of colic after dosing, with markedly reduced CI during anesthesia compared to all other horses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral trazodone before isoflurane anesthesia in healthy horses produced variable cardiovascular function, including profound cardiovascular depression in 1 horse.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Profound individual cardiovascular responses may be seen with routine preanesthetic trazodone in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The v-gel Advanced Dog is inferior to the endotracheal tube for sealing the airway in healthy canine anesthesia.","authors":"Zoltán Szilágyi, Keely L Szilágyi","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0359","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the v-gel Advanced Dog supraglottic airway device (SGAD) safety and efficacy compared to a high-volume, low-pressure endotracheal tube (ETT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a prospective randomized study, 30 client-owned mesocephalic canine patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, scheduled for elective surgery) were to be enrolled and assigned to the SGAD or ETT group (15 SGAD; 15 ETT) by blocked randomization. Endotracheal tube cuffs were inflated to 25 cm H2O with a cuff inflator. The primary outcome was anesthetic circuit pressure decrease (leak) of inspiratory air at escalating anesthetic system pressures, tested at 0, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after airway device placement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Due to safety concerns, the study was terminated after 6 patients in the SGAD group failed leak pressure testing under 20 cm H2O at all time points. Thirteen canines (6 SGAD, 7 ETT) were enrolled from September through October 2023. The risk of leaking for the SGAD group was significantly higher than that of the ETT group at 12 cm H2O (P = .005) and at 16 cm H2O (P = .001). There were no perioperative or postoperative adverse events or significant differences in characteristics between airway device groups except that the risk for not requiring manipulations to obtain and maintain an effective airway for the SGAD group was 67% less (relative risk, 0.33; exact 90% CI, 0.06 to 0.74) than that of the ETT group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SGAD, but not ETT, failed leak pressure testing < 20 cm H2O.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The v-gel Advanced Dog SGAD was not safe to deliver inhalant anesthetics due to the device failing leak pressure testing under 20 cm H2O.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutamate dehydrogenase has diagnostic utility for detecting liver disease in African penguins (Sphensicus demersus).","authors":"Molly E Martony, Carolyn Cray, Amy Delmonaco, Steven E Nelson, Laura A Thompson, Nicole I Stacy","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish reference intervals for plasma glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in clinically healthy African penguins and 2) to investigate GLDH activities in antemortem plasma from birds with confirmed liver disease postmortem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational case-control study, the histopathological reports of all penguins (n = 12) at one zoological institution were reviewed over a 19-year period to identify birds with liver disease. A single archived plasma sample was evaluated for each of the clinically healthy birds, and 2 to 4 different time points of archived plasma samples were evaluated from the birds with liver disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of liver disease was 58% (7/12). Histopathological findings included hemosiderosis (n = 4; 3 mild, 1 severe), hepatitis (2), metastatic neoplasia (2; melanoma, proventriculus carcinoma), hepatic necrosis (2), and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates (1). In 29 clinically healthy penguins, GLDH ranged from 0 to 12.14 U/L (mean, 6.01; reference interval, 0 to 13.55 U/L) without any effects from sex, age, or weight. The 4 birds with liver disease that exceeded normal GLDH activities included metastatic melanoma, necrotizing and heterophilic hepatitis, mild hepatic necrosis with sinusoidal yolk emboli and severe hemosiderosis, and severe hepatic necrosis. Glutamate dehydrogenase had positive correlations with ALT and AST in birds with liver disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Glutamate dehydrogenase appears to be a clinically useful predictor of liver disease in avians as in mammals. However, this liver biomarker is able to rule in liver disease, although it cannot definitively rule it out.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These data serve to advance the understanding of noninvasive diagnosis of liver disease in penguins, which may ultimately contribute to the advancement of care and conservation of this at-risk species.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperfructosaminemia in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) is associated with hyperglycemia, hypofructosaminemia with decreased plasma proteins, and poor nutritional status.","authors":"Matthias Gerhard Wagener, Johannes Buchallik-Schregel, Petra Röhrig, Max Kornblum, Saskia Neubert, Alexandra von Altrock, Benjamin U Bauer, Thies J Nicolaisen, Martin Ganter, Frederik Kiene","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0306","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe and compare clinical and laboratory findings in alpacas with hypofructosaminemia (fructosamine low [FL]), normofructosaminemia, and hyperfructosaminemia (fructosamine high [FH]) in order to identify associations of abnormal plasma fructosamine (PF) with other clinical and laboratory findings in alpacas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted with clinical and laboratory data of 125 alpacas with FL (PF < 252 µmol/L; n = 19), normofructosaminemia (PF, 252 to 425 µmol/L; n = 93), and FH (PF > 425 µmol/L; n = 13) presented to a veterinary teaching hospital from January 2022 through January 2023. Findings of the animals were compared using descriptive statistics and comparisons (Kruskal-Wallis test, 1-way ANOVA, t test, or Mann-Whitney U test). Resulting diagnoses were tested for associations with fructosamine using the 2-sided Fisher exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FL occurred more frequently in crias than adults and was associated with lower bodyweight, body condition score, PCV, total protein, albumin, and globulin. Hyperfructosaminemia was associated with hyperglycemia. While a large proportion of the alpacas with FL had cachexia (8 of 19) and/or anemia (6 of 19), the alpacas with FH were given many different diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The available data suggest that FH in alpacas is associated with hyperglycemia, whereas FL is associated with decreased plasma proteins and poor nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>PF is rarely used in routine diagnostics in alpacas, but it can aid in the interpretation of plasma glucose, plasma proteins, and nutritional status.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manual platelet-rich plasma production in donkeys by double centrifugation results in leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma compared to single centrifugation.","authors":"Cynthia Xue, Lorenzo G T M Segabinazzi, Alexis Hall, Silvia Marchi, Patrice Bernier, Hilari French, Robert O Gilbert","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0022","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare asinine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) manually produced by single- and double-centrifugation methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center study conducted from June 19 through August 14, 2022, using 6 healthy donkeys. Whole blood (WB) was collected into sodium citrate vacutainer tubes for single-centrifugation processing and an acid-citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine blood bag for double-centrifugation processing to produce, respectively, PRP1 and PRP2. Platelet, WBC, and RBC concentrations and PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 activities were assessed in WB, PRP1, and PRP2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both protocols concentrated platelets (PLTs) 1.8- to 5.2-fold, reduced WBCs 1.1- to 50.4-fold, and decreased RBCs at least 829-fold compared to WB. Platelet-rich plasma-2 yielded a higher PLT concentration and PLT enrichment factor than PRP1 but required resuspension of the pellet post second spin to maximize PLT concentration. Platelet-rich plasma-1 possessed a lower WBC concentration and greater WBC reduction factor than PRP2. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB and TGF-β1 activities were highest in PRP2 and not significantly different between PRP1 and WB. There was a weak and moderate correlation of baseline PLT concentration to that of PRP2 (r = 0.4) and PRP1 (r = 0.62), respectively; neither was statistically significant. Platelet-rich plasma-2 yielded higher PLT enrichment and growth factor activities despite greater WBC and RBC contamination than PRP1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In donkeys, double centrifugation results in leukocyte-rich PRP with a higher PLT concentration compared to leukocyte-poor PRP with a lower PLT concentration yielded from single centrifugation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Asinine PRP can be manually prepared. While this improves cost-efficient field management of donkeys often treated under resource limitations, the optimal cellular composition, in vivo efficacy, and safety of asinine PRP warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}