American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Technique description and short-term outcomes of tibial tuberosity transposition tool to treat grade I and II medial patellar luxation in dogs.","authors":"Massimo Petazzoni, Michela Buiatti, Scott Fetherston, Selena Tinga","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a novel tool and stabilization technique for tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in dogs with medial patella luxation (MPL) and to report short-term results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series included client-owned dogs diagnosed with grade I or II MPL treated at a private orthopedic practice between January 2015 and June 2020 using a novel tibial tuberosity transposition tool and technique (TTTT). The TTTT involves a frontal plane incomplete osteotomy of the tibial crest, tool fixation, and controlled crest bending. Following TTT, the tibial tuberosity is stabilized with a spacer pin between the transposed tuberosity and the inner surface of the medial tibial cortex. Dogs were excluded if femoral deformities were present or if bone reconstruction procedures other than TTTT, trochleoplasty, or patellar groove replacement were performed. Clinical outcomes were assessed at a 2-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>29 dogs (42 stifles) underwent unilateral, staged bilateral, or single-session bilateral TTTT procedures. Dogs were of various breeds, aged 2.7 years and weighing 7.7 kg. In 3 tibias, adjunctive fixation was used due to concerns for distal crest integrity, while 39 tibias were stabilized with 1 spacer pin. All osteotomies reached union without complications and 41 of 42 (98%) stifles showed good to excellent outcomes at 2 months. One dog experienced MPL recurrence, successfully treated with a trochleoplasty.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TTTT is appropriate for TTT in the management of dogs with grade I and II MPL.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study highlights the potential effectiveness of the TTTT as an appropriate surgical management approach for dogs with grade I and II MPL.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified neurologic examination is feasible in healthy Puerto Rican crested toads (Peltophryne lemur).","authors":"Anastasia E Towe, Gretel Tovar-Lopez, Lisa Bartner","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0050","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate commonly used neurologic tests in mammals, reptiles, and birds and establish expected results in Puerto Rican crested toads to generate recommendations for toad-specific neurologic examinations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A breeding population of healthy Puerto Rican crested toads (Peltophryne lemur) was used in April 2024. Neurologic examination based on standard tests described in other species was performed on each individual. Test feasibility and outcome were recorded independently by 3 observers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve toads were included. Tests with poor feasibility included respiratory rate (successfully completed in 17% [2 of 12] of toads) and swallowing (8% [1 of 12]). Many tests had absent or inconsistent outcomes, or lack of consensus between observers, including menace response (present in 55% [6 of 11]), ocular tracking (present in 0% [0 of 11]), pupillary light reflex (present in 8% [1 of 11]), physiologic nystagmus (present in 0% [0 of 12]), corneal sensation in response to air (present in 50% [5 of 10]), oculocardiac reflex (present in 36% [4 of 11]), tactile placing (present in 67% [6 of 9]), skin twitch (present in 0% [0 of 12]), and patellar reflex (present in 0% [0 of 12]). The most consistent tests, where test completion and the expected result were 100% successful as determined by all observers, were palpebral reflex, nasocortical and facial stimulation, corneal sensation (direct contact), hemiwalking, wheelbarrow, and pelvic limb withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Some neurologic tests used in other species are potentially useful in Puerto Rican crested toads. Tests with low feasibility or inconsistent results should be given lower priority.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A toad-specific neurologic examination protocol is outlined minimizing stress and enhancing neurolocalization. However, differences between species may impact results.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported dog vaccination practices in pet owners enrolled in the Dog Aging Project in the United States found most dogs were vaccinated according to veterinarians' recommendations.","authors":"John E Ekakoro, Audrey Ruple, David Renter, Natalia Cernicchiaro","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0016","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the associations between pet owners' demographic characteristics and vaccination status of dogs at the time of enrollment into the Dog Aging Project and describe the vaccination practices against core and noncore pathogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study assessed responses of US dog owners to the Dog Aging Project Health and Life Experience Survey, administered at enrollment from 2019 through 2023, and the 2023 annual follow-up survey. A multivariable multinomial logistic regression model was built to investigate factors associated with dog vaccination status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all owners (44,935 of 47,444 [94.7%]) reported that their dog was vaccinated against various diseases as recommended by their veterinarian. Dogs owned by respondents with a bachelor's degree compared to those of respondents with less than a bachelor's degree education level were significantly more likely (relative risk ratio, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.26 to 5.67) to be vaccinated per their veterinarian's recommendations. Compared to dogs of respondents with an annual income less than $20,000, dogs of respondents with an annual income ranging from $40,000 to $59,999 were significantly more likely (relative risk ratio, 5.24; 95% CI, 2.32 to 11.85) to be vaccinated as recommended by their veterinarian.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found a high level of adherence to veterinarians' recommendations for vaccinations. Dog vaccine uptake was higher among respondents with a bachelor's degree or higher education level and among those with higher annual incomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Vaccine literacy programs targeting and measures that aim to increase dog vaccine uptake among low-income pet owners may be necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and effect of postoperative lidocaine infusions on pain and nausea scores in canine patients undergoing gastrointestinal foreign body surgery.","authors":"Charlotte C Burns, Michele Barletta, Zach Junis, Grace Moore, Kristen Messenger, Stephanie Dantino, Rachel A Reed, Heather Knych, Jane Quandt","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of postoperative lidocaine infusions on pain, nausea, hospitalization duration, incidence of vomiting and diarrhea, and opioid requirement in dogs undergoing exploratory laparotomies for foreign body obstructions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>24 client-owned dogs with confirmed obstructive gastrointestinal foreign bodies underwent surgery with identical anesthetic protocols, including a 2 mg/kg lidocaine IV bolus followed by a continuous rate infusion of 3 mg/kg/h. After recovery, dogs were randomly assigned to receive either lidocaine (1.8 mg/kg/h) or saline placebo for 24 hours. Pain was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale short form (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS). Rescue analgesia with hydromorphone was administered when CMPS-SF scores reached 6. Nausea was scored using a nausea VAS. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences were found in pain scores between the lidocaine and placebo groups (CMPS-SF, P > .160; VAS, P > .292). Both groups maintained pain scores below the rescue analgesia threshold. Nausea scores showed no significant differences (P > .119) but were higher in dogs requiring rescue analgesia (P = .017). No differences were observed in hospitalization time (P = .861), time to defecation (P = 1.0), or vomiting/regurgitation (P = .087). Significantly more dogs in the lidocaine group required rescue analgesia (P = .033).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postoperative lidocaine infusions did not significantly reduce pain, nausea, hospitalization time, defecation, or vomiting/regurgitation. Pain and nausea scores in both groups were overall low.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Hydromorphone rescue analgesia increased nausea, suggesting careful monitoring of pain and nausea to prevent hydromorphone overuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy cattle and bird flu: Colorado State University researchers work to determine how the virus is spreading.","authors":"Chris Outcalt, Jason Lombard, Rachel Yager","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 2 infection in 5 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at multiple North American zoological institutions.","authors":"Taylor J Willis, Anne Burgdorf-Moisuk, Maren Connolly, Jan Raines, Cameron Ratliff, Zoltan S Gyimesi, Erica Lipanovich, Genevive A Dumonceaux, Kathryn L Perrin, Lauren L Howard, Matthew E Kinney, Kirk Suedmeyer, Erin Latimer, Tiffany L Kim, Jessica R Watts, Jie Tan, Paul Ling","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To acknowledge that elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a well-recognized major threat to Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and can cause acute and often fatal hemorrhagic disease (HD). Historically, EEHV-HD has been less frequently identified in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). This case series describes 5 recent cases of EEHV2 infection in African elephants within managed care at 5 North American institutions.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>5 African elephants (L africana).</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>The cases involved 4-, 7-, and 10-year-old males that died despite receiving aggressive medical therapy and 4- and 14-year-old females that survived. Clinical signs included lethargy, decreased appetite, lameness, changes in behavior and sleep patterns, multifocal hemorrhages, edema, and lingual cyanosis. Hematologic changes included decreased total WBC counts, monocytes, and platelets and the presence of immature band heterophils.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EEHV2-specific serostatus for the 3 lethal cases suggests that they were seronegative for EEHV2 and succumbed to a primary infection, whereas the fourth and fifth cases were noted to be seropositive for EEHV2 and survived. This series documents the latest reports of clinical diseases and fatalities associated with EEHV2 in African elephants and significantly adds to the known number of lethal EEHV-HD cases within the population.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This series provides additional evidence that negative serostatus against an EEHV type causing disease is observed in African elephants, as well as Asian elephants, and highlights the importance of routine monitoring for serostatus within African elephant herds. Furthermore, these cases provide new data suggesting that EEHV2, in addition to EEHV3, is a significant pathogen that can affect African elephant populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum and mucosal antibody testing to detect viral exposure in contact horses during an equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreak.","authors":"Gillian A Perkins, Bettina Wagner, Alicia Rollins, Hanna Sfraga, Erin Pearson, Marta Cercone","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To apply equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) antibody testing in nasal swabs and serum in nonclinical horses during a naturally occurring outbreak of (EHV-1). Previous experimental EHV-1 challenge studies showed stable serum anti-EHV-1 antibody concentrations paired with rapidly increasing nasal mucosal antibodies (mucAbs) prevent EHV-1 infection, viral shedding, and cell-associated viremia. From this, we hypothesized that EHV-1 antibody testing can confirm exposure in non-clinical horses during an outbreak.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2 horses with neurological signs from 1 farm were admitted to an equine hospital. Equine herpesvirus type 1 was confirmed by PCR. Five concurrently hospitalized, possibly exposed horses, 4 of which were vaccinated against EHV-1 and -4 within 7 months, were studied. Possibly exposed horses had their temperatures measured along with serum and nasal swab samples taken for EHV-1 PCR and antibody quantification between 1 and 29 days of potential EHV-1 exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the possibly exposed horses developed fever or clinical signs of EHV-1. Polymerase chain reaction results on nasal swabs and blood were negative. Only mild seroconversion was observed. Mucosal antibodies were initially low and increased rapidly in 4 possibly exposed horses that were considered exposed to EHV-1 yet neither infected (protected) nor infectious. One nonimmune horse without increasing mucAbs was not exposed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MucAbs provide information on EHV-1 exposure and, together with clinical monitoring and PCR, enable improved management of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreaks. Serum antibodies obtained at the same time provide information on preexisting EHV-1 immunity.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Repeatedly measuring the serum and mucAbs of possibly exposed horses during an EHV-1 outbreak, starting shortly after the index case is confirmed, may identify nonimmune horses and possibly exposed animals that are protected to make informed treatment decisions (nonimmune) and reduce quarantine time (protected horses).</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid loss of consciousness in cattle following nonstun slaughter: evidence from a systematic review.","authors":"Jacob R Hascalovici, Hyman M Schipper, Joe M Regenstein, Stuart D Rosen, Ari Zivotofsky, Guy St-Jean, Simon Freilich, Thomas J Morrison, Simon W Rabkin, Sheryl Haut","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accepting that it is ethical for meat to be consumed as food, then, in any context, religious or secular, it is indefensible for animals to be subjected to undue pain. Animal slaughter must therefore be predicated on the minimization of pain. Nonstun slaughter (NSS) of bovines involves ventral neck incisions, resulting in an abrupt loss of cortical blood flow and causing nearly instantaneous loss of consciousness (LOC). However, some reports have suggested that LOC after NSS is not instantaneous. This paper presents an overview of the neurobiology underlying NSS and a systematic review of the literature on time to LOC in bovines following NSS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, Medline, and the Web of Science, with 3 coauthors independently screening articles to reduce bias. Only original research and review articles specifically addressing time to LOC in bovines after NSS were included; studies not focused on this outcome were excluded. The quality of evidence was ranked based on hierarchy of evidence utilizing predefined criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>15 studies were identified: 4 high quality, 3 medium quality, and 8 low quality. High-quality evidence consistently indicates that LOC occurs within 10 seconds of NSS of bovines when done correctly with low-stress, ideal slaughterhouse conditions.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Our findings provide important insights to optimize NSS practices, promoting animal welfare while maintaining religious requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental exposures and health outcomes in dogs differ according to geographic region in the United States among Dog Aging Project participants.","authors":"Janice S O'Brien, Mia Grzywinski, Courtney L Sexton, Matthew D Dunbar, Audrey Ruple","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0121","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine which environmental exposures, lifestyle variables, and prevalences of health conditions within the Dog Aging Project population differed by geographic region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this cross-sectional descriptive study, owner-reported environmental and lifestyle factors from 47,444 individuals enrolled in the Dog Aging Project cohort from January 1, 2020, through December 31, 2023, were examined across census regions, and 95% CIs were computed for each individual factor across the regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses indicated high variation in the characteristics of dogs' environments across the US regions, including both inside and outside of the home. Certain types of diseases disproportionately affect dogs in some regions: infectious diseases were most prevalent in the Northeast (49%; 95% CI, 48% to 50%), dental disease was highest in the West (46%; 95% CI, 45% to 47%), and skin conditions were most prevalent in the South (45%; 95% CI, 44% to 45%). Dog activity levels did not vary significantly across regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are regional differences in lifestyle and environmental exposures experienced by companion dogs across the US, such as pesticides and weed treatments applied to yards, swimming water sources, and home heat sources, whereas other exposures do not differ across regions. The prevalence of some health conditions, like infectious/parasitic diseases, dental disease, and skin conditions, varied by regions, whereas others, like cancer, neurologic, and gastrointestinal diseases, showed no regional variation. These findings inform future hypothesis-driven studies of environmental health risks of dogs, which are relevant to translational research.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>There are regional variations in exposures that may contribute to differences in the prevalence of health conditions found in companion dog populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies in livestock in the United States (2012-2021).","authors":"Alexis Payette-Stroman, Yasmeen Ross, Xiaoyue Ma, Cassandra Boutelle, Chelsea Holschbach, Jesse D Blanton, Ryan Wallace","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0019","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies in livestock in the United States (US) poses a significant public health concern due to the potential for human exposure and economic losses to producers. Understanding the epidemiology of rabies in livestock supports broader One Health goals by enhancing early detection of viral incursions and protecting both animal and human health. This study assessed the epidemiology of rabies in livestock in the US from 2012 to 2021 using surveillance data reported to the National Rabies Surveillance System. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate economic losses, including livestock value and human postexposure prophylaxis. A total of 947 rabid livestock were reported during the study period, with cattle accounting for 65.9% of cases. Skunk rabies virus variants were the most frequently identified variants (53.5%), and more than half of all rabid livestock were reported in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Virginia, and North Carolina. When adjusted for livestock population, the highest infection rates occurred in the northeastern US. Estimated economic losses totaled $18.6 million (range, $9.8 to $39.6 million) assuming detection rates of 100% (lower bound) and 66% detection (upper bound). Rabid livestock are routinely detected in the US, with the highest number of rabies infections concentrated in 2 states, Texas and Virginia. Economic losses due to rabid livestock are sizeable, driven primarily by postexposure prophylaxis costs. Livestock vaccination should consider regional risk, animal value, and the potential for human exposure. The companion Currents in One Health by Nathan et al, JAVMA, forthcoming 2025, addresses patterns of rabies vaccine failures in domesticated animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}