American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Biomechanical evaluation of cerclage fixation constructs in a 3-dimensionally printed canine tibial long-oblique fracture model.","authors":"Jongmin Park, Jung-Moon Kim, Hwi-Yool Kim","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the biomechanical performance of cerclage fixation constructs in a standardized 3-D-printed canine tibial long-oblique fracture model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>3 fixation constructs-stainless steel wire cerclage (SSW), FiberWire cerclage (FW), and paraosseous clamp-cerclage stabilization (PCCS)-were compared in a standardized 3-D-printed canine tibial long-oblique fracture model. A standardized mid-diaphyseal long-oblique fracture was created in each specimen. Axial compression testing was performed until failure. Loads required to reach predefined displacement levels (1, 2, and 3 mm), maximum failure load, and failure mode were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with the Tukey post hoc test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>21 tibial models (7/group) were evaluated. At all displacement levels, the FW group required significantly lower loads than both the SSW and PCCS groups, whereas no significant difference was observed between the SSW and PCCS groups. Mean loads at 1 mm displacement were 194.5 ± 32.2 N (SSW), 94.4 ± 21.0 N (FW), and 207.3 ± 64.0 N (PCCS). Maximum failure load was highest in the FW group (974.3 ± 77.0 N), followed by the PCCS group (879.0 ± 66.6 N) and SSW group (567.6 ± 63.2 N).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PCCS demonstrated resistance to axial compression comparable to SSW fixation, whereas FW cerclage demonstrated the highest maximum failure load.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings provide biomechanical information that may assist surgeons in selecting cerclage fixation methods for long-oblique tibial fractures in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of kinetin on thymic lymphocyte proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression in D-galactose-induced aging rats.","authors":"Mengyun Li, Xiang Li, Lijun Guan, Fengyun Wen, Lifang Si, Wuqing Ouyang","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether kinetin (Kn) attenuates D-galactose-induced thymic lymphocyte dysfunction in rats and to evaluate changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>50 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups (n = 10/group): control, D-galactose model, and D-galactose plus Kn at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg. D-galactose (125 mg/kg) was administered once daily for 45 days, and Kn was administered IP once daily from days 11 through 45. Thymic lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by thiazolyl blue assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay), mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 staining, and Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>D-galactose decreased thymic lymphocyte stimulation indices and the JC-1 red-to-green fluorescence ratio and was associated with decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax mRNA expression. Kinetin increased mitogen-induced stimulation indices, improved the JC-1 red-to-green fluorescence ratio, increased Bcl-2 expression, and decreased Bax expression compared with the D-galactose model group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Kinetin partially reversed D-galactose-induced impairment of thymic lymphocyte proliferation and shifted mitochondrial apoptosis-related markers toward a less proapoptotic profile.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Kinetin may mitigate experimental thymic immune aging by preserving mitochondrial function and regulating apoptosis-related gene expression, supporting further veterinary geroscience studies of immune aging interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized additive model using kinematic and demographic data provides an accurate and objective anesthesia recovery score in horses.","authors":"Luis Campoy, Manuel Martin-Flores, Joaquin Araos, Stephen A Parry, Robin D Gleed","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze kinematic data extracted from an inertial measuring unit to assess quality of recovery in horses emerging from general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Horses undergoing anesthesia from February 2024 through March 2026 were enrolled in this study. Collected data from the inertial measuring unit included 3-axis acceleration, angular velocity, and orientation. Recoveries were evaluated by 3 scorers using a modified composite grading scale. The mean of the scores was used as the dependent variable. A Python pipeline was written to detect attempts to stand using the first derivative of the acceleration signal. Various kinematic features were calculated from each attempt. These features, as well as some demographic data, were used as independent variables. Four competing regression frameworks were evaluated: a multiple linear model, a polynomial model, a generalized additive model, and a random forest model. Model recommendation was based on 4 metrics: Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, root mean squared error, and R2 value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>102 mixed-breed horses were enrolled in this study. The generalized additive model achieved the lowest Akaike information criterion (658.24), Bayesian information criterion (737.96), and root mean squared error (5.21) and the highest R2 value (0.8). In this model, the independent variables that showed the highest impact included cumulative fall intensity, time to stand, and duration of anesthesia (linear relationship) as well as mean impact severity (nonlinear).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The generalized additive model was selected as our final model architecture.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Recovery scores based on kinematic and demographic data can be used to obtain objective recovery quality scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine priming shifts mitochondrial architecture and extracellular vesicle cargo of feline placental mesenchymal stromal cells toward an immunosuppressive phenotype.","authors":"Maria Soltero-Rivera, Boaz Arzi, Krzysztof Marycz","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize effects of inflammatory cytokine priming on viability, mitochondrial morphology, and extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo in feline placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Feline placenta-derived MSCs from 7 healthy cats were cultured under control, serum-deprived, or cytokine-stimulated (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, IL-1, IL-6) conditions in vitro. Viability/apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry and mitochondrial morphology by confocal microscopy with MicroP/MATLAB; EVs were characterized by surface markers, RNA sequencing, and microRNA (miR) profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Viability exceeded 96% across all conditions, with no significant intergroup differences. Kiel 67 proliferation marker and metabolic activity were significantly reduced under serum-free and cytokine-stimulated conditions versus controls (both P < .001). Cytokine priming increased branching and simple tubular mitochondria, whereas serum deprivation increased fragmented forms. Extracellular vesicle transcriptomics identified 329 differentially expressed genes, including upregulated immunosuppressive receptors C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 and poliovirus receptor-related immunoglobulin domain-containing protein and downregulated proinflammatory histone transcripts. microRNA (miR) profiling revealed 23 differentially expressed miRs, with enrichment of anti-inflammatory miR-204, let-7g, and miR-181b-2 and depletion of proinflammatory miR-34a and miR-320a.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cytokine priming induces mitochondrial elongation and shifts EV cargo toward an immunosuppressive phenotype without compromising viability, supporting inflammatory priming as a strategy to optimize MSC-based therapies for T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Inflammatory priming prior to MSC administration may enhance therapeutic efficacy in cats, supporting investigation of cytokine licensing as a translatable approach to improving MSC therapy outcomes in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of bowel preparation quality in dogs undergoing colonoscopy using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale.","authors":"Gian-Luca Ruedi, Peter H Kook","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of a bowel preparation protocol consisting of at-home administration of clear broth and polyethylene glycol 3350 followed by colonic flushing immediately before colonoscopy in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-referral-center retrospective study, dogs with complete video documentation of the colon were included. Colonic cleanliness was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), which scores the 3 colonic segments individually (total score range, 0 to 9 with higher scores indicating better preparation quality). Adequate preparation was defined as a total BBPS score ≥ 6 with no individual segment score < 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Video footage from 49 colonoscopies performed in 47 dogs was assessed by a single examiner. Adequate colonic preparation was achieved in 41 of 49 (84%) colonoscopies. Median total BBPS score was 7 (range, 4 to 9), with median segment scores of 3, 2, and 2 for descending, transverse, and ascending colon, respectively. The ascending colon had significantly lower scores than the descending colon. In 57% of procedures, the indication for colonoscopy was evaluation of chronic enteropathy (combined upper and lower intestinal endoscopy) without specific suspicion of colonic disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High-quality bowel preparation for colonoscopy can be achieved without complex or logistically demanding protocols. A straightforward, owner-friendly, at-home preparation regimen provided diagnostic-quality colonic visualization in dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings may facilitate broader clinical use of colonoscopy in dogs by supporting practical bowel preparation protocols that are feasible for owners and sufficient for diagnostic evaluation, particularly when complete colonic cleanliness is not essential for the intended diagnostic objective.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral ponazuril results in a sustained reduction in Eimeria spp shedding in short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) despite variable plasma concentrations.","authors":"Kyle J Kansman, Garrett A Fraess, Amanda M Burke, Mark G Papich, Lauren E Camp, Anthony J Cerreta","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate the plasma concentrations and clinical efficacy of ponazuril in short-beaked echidnas (SBEs; Tachyglossus aculeatus) with enteric coccidiosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>13 SBEs at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park with enteric coccidiosis and fecal oocyst counts greater than 400 oocysts/g, determined using quantitative McMaster fecal flotations, were enrolled in this study. In October 2025, SBEs were treated with a single dose of ponazuril at 40 mg/kg via oral gavage based on the results of a dose determination pilot study. Plasma samples were collected using a sparse-sampling model at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The concentration of ponazuril in plasma was measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Quantitative McMaster fecal flotations were performed following treatment, and fecal oocyst count reduction percentage was calculated at 14 days and 6 months posttreatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No adverse effects were observed. Ponazuril plasma concentrations were highly variable, precluding a pharmacokinetic analysis. The median maximum plasma concentration of ponazuril was 2.46 μg/mL (range, 0.74 to 11.94 μg/mL). The median fecal oocyst count reduction percentage was 99% (range, 92.3% to 100%) at 14 days posttreatment and 100% (range, 98.6% to 100%) at 6 months posttreatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite variable plasma concentrations following oral administration of ponazuril in SBEs, fecal shedding of coccidia was reduced by > 95% in 63% (5 of 8) of SBEs at 14 days posttreatment and 100% (7 of 7) of echidnas at 6 months posttreatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The 40-mg/kg ponazuril dose reduced fecal shedding of Eimeria spp in SBEs with enteric coccidiosis. Although plasma concentrations were variable, we conclude that effectiveness is likely the result of high intestinal concentrations, rather than plasma drug concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of cricopharyngeal achalasia in dogs results in low mortality but moderate incidence of recurrence or persistent clinical signs.","authors":"Rey M Zhang, Brigitte A Brisson, David E Holt, Brian Park, Kathleen M Ham, William Hawker","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe diagnostic and surgical management of cricopharyngeal achalasia (CA) in dogs and to identify patient or management factors that may contribute to postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Signalment, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical information, complications, and outcomes were retrospectively obtained. Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed to identify predictors of unsatisfactory outcomes using sex, breed, age, videofluoroscopic swallow study findings, laterality of surgery, and muscles resected as variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>26 dogs surgically managed for CA from 2009 through 2025 were included. The most common breeds were Poodle mixes (n = 12) and Golden Retrievers (8). Ventral bilateral surgery resulted in shorter operative times than through 2 lateral incisions. Postoperative complication and mortality rates were 23% and 11.5%, respectively. Aspiration pneumonia was the most common postoperative complication. Unsatisfactory outcomes were reported in 42.3%. Recurrence of clinical signs after initial resolution was noted in 34.6%, and revision surgery was performed in 26.9%. Median time to recurrence was 84 days (range, 7 to 1,320 days). No significant association was identified for age, sex, breed, laterality, videofluoroscopic swallow study findings, or muscles resected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical management of CA resulted in low mortality, moderate incidence of recurrence and revision surgery, and residual symptoms requiring long-term conservative management.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Surgery is a safe option for management of CA, but owners should be informed of the risks of recurrence and residual clinical signs that may require long-term dietary modifications. Animals with CA are at risk of aspiration pneumonia both pre- and postoperatively and should be monitored accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical neuronavigation facilitates transcranial surgical access to the equine pituitary gland.","authors":"Andres Bonilla, Lynn M Pezzanite, Sarah Kappel, Colleen G Duncan, Amy Downey, Jeremiah Easley","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility of an optical neuronavigation-guided transcranial approach to the equine pituitary gland, compare pituitary tissue acquisition using MRI versus CT guidance, and assess an automated tissue resection device versus a standard biopsy needle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>13 equine cadaver heads from horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study were used. A fiducial array was secured to the frontal bone before imaging; 7 heads underwent CT, and 6 heads underwent MRI. Images were imported into a neuronavigation system for 3-D reconstruction, surgical planning, and registration. Eighteen pituitary biopsy samples were obtained: 7 using a neuronavigation-guided automated morcellation and aspiration device and 11 using a standard biopsy needle. All samples were processed with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and histologic evaluation was performed by a veterinary pathologist blinded to biopsy technique and imaging modality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pituitary tissue was confirmed histologically in 7 of 13 heads overall (53.8%): 6 of 6 MRI-guided heads (100%) and 1 of 7 CT-guided heads (14.3%). Both biopsy techniques were applied to each of the 6 MRI-guided heads (paired design); the automated morcellation device yielded pituitary tissue in 4 of 6 heads (66.7%), compared with 2 of 6 heads (33.3%) using the standard biopsy needle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Optical neuronavigation enabled feasible transcranial access to the equine pituitary gland in cadaveric specimens, with tissue acquisition improved using MRI guidance and automated morcellation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings support further investigation of neuronavigation-guided hypophysectomy as a potential treatment for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portable blood glucose meters do not reliably detect hypoglycemia in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) compared with a point-of-care chemistry analyzer.","authors":"Kimberly Rollins, Mark Rishniw, Thomas M Donnelly, Logan Kopp","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0224","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare blood glucose concentrations measured by a veterinary portable blood glucose meter (v-PBGM; AlphaTrak3; Zoetis Inc), a human portable blood glucose meter (h-PBGM; FreeStyle Precision Neo; Abbott Diabetes Care), and a point-of-care chemistry analyzer (reference analyzer; VetScan VS2; Zoetis Inc) in client-owned ferrets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Residual heparinized jugular venous blood samples from ferrets undergoing unrelated veterinary evaluations were analyzed from June 2025 through April 2026 within 10 minutes of collection. Blood glucose was measured with the h-PBGM and with the v-PBGM using equine, canine, and feline settings. Agreement was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis and at hypoglycemia thresholds of ≤ 60 and < 70 mg/dL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24 client-owned domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were included. Mean blood glucose concentration by the reference analyzer was 90.8 mg/dL (range, 43 to 157 mg/dL). The h-PBGM had the greatest positive fixed bias. The v-PBGM canine and feline settings showed minimal fixed bias, but all glucometers had wide limits of agreement. At the ≤ 60-mg/dL threshold, simple classification agreement was 79% for the canine and feline settings, 75% for the equine setting, and 58% for the h-PBGM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The v-PBGM canine and feline settings agreed more closely with the reference analyzer than did the h-PBGM. However, agreement was insufficient to support diagnosis or management of hypoglycemia based solely on portable glucometer results in ferrets.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Low, borderline, unexpected, or treatment-altering blood glucose results should be confirmed with a point-of-care or reference laboratory chemistry analyzer.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography perfusion parameters may aid preoperative differentiation of canine pheochromocytomas from adrenocortical tumors.","authors":"Kaito Iida, Kumiko Ishigaki, Chieko Ishikawa, Naoko Shiozawa, Miran Kinpara, Takeshi Hayakawa, Shoko Yamaoka, Naoki Yamada, Pinhui Wang, Orie Yoshida, Yumiko Kagawa, Kazushi Asano","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize CT perfusion (CTP)-derived time to highest observed adrenal tissue enhancement (T-peak) and arterial blood flow (AF), evaluate associations with triple-phase CT findings, and assess the diagnostic performance of T-peak, AF, and the tumor-to-contralateral adrenal AF ratio for differentiating pheochromocytomas from adrenocortical tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Historical CTP data from 5 healthy Beagles served as controls. Client-owned dogs evaluated from November 21, 2024, through May 31, 2026, underwent triple-phase CT, CTP, adrenalectomy, and histopathology. Time to highest observed adrenal tissue enhancement was the interval from contrast administration to the greatest sampled adrenal attenuation; AF was calculated with a single-input maximum-slope model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>20 dogs with 22 tumors (8 adrenocortical adenomas, 7 adrenocortical carcinomas, and 7 pheochromocytomas [PHEOs]) were included. Time to highest observed adrenal tissue enhancement was longer in both adrenocortical tumor groups than in PHEOs; a post hoc cutoff < 36.0 seconds yielded apparent 100% sensitivity and specificity. Arterial blood flow was lower in both adrenocortical tumor groups than in controls and higher in PHEOs than in adrenocortical carcinomas. Arterial blood flow had an area under the curve of 0.923; a cutoff > 100.60 mL/min/100 mL yielded apparent 85.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Among 17 dogs with unilateral tumors, the tumor-to-contralateral AF ratio completely separated PHEOs from adrenocortical tumors. Arterial blood flow correlated positively with CT wash-in and washout indices, whereas T-peak correlated negatively with arterial- and venous-phase percentage enhancement washout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Time to highest observed adrenal tissue enhancement and AF differed among adrenal tumor types and were associated with CT enhancement characteristics.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Computed tomography perfusion may provide adjunctive information for preoperative adrenal tumor characterization, but the proposed thresholds require validation in larger independent cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}