American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Next-generation machine learning model to measure the Norberg angle on canine hip radiographs increases accuracy and time to completion.","authors":"George C Hansen, Yuxiao Yao, Anthony J Fischetti, Anthony Gonzalez, Ian Porter, Rory J Todhunter, Youshan Zhang","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To apply machine learning (ML) to measure the Norberg angle (NA) on canine ventrodorsal hip-extended pelvic radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational study, an NA-AI model was trained on real and synthetic radiographs. Additional radiographs were used for validation and testing. Each NA was predicted using a hybrid architecture derived from 2 ML vision models. The NAs were measured by 4 authors, and the model all were compared to each other. The time taken to correct the NAs predicted by the model was compared to unassisted human measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NA-AI model was trained on 733 real and 1,474 synthetic radiographs; 105 real radiographs were used for validation and 128 for testing. The mean absolute error between each human measurement ranged from 3° to 10° ± SD = 3° to 10° with an intraclass correlation between humans of 0.38 to 0.92. The mean absolute error between the NA-AI model prediction and the human measurements was 5° to 6° ± SD = 5° (intraclass correlation, 0.39 to 0.94). Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between human and AI measurements when the NAs were greater than 80°. The time taken to check the accuracy of the NA measurement compared to unassisted measurements was reduced by 45% to 80%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NA-AI model proved more accurate than the original model except when the hip dysplasia was severe, and its assistance decreased the time needed to analyze radiographs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The assistance of the NA-AI model reduces the time taken for radiographic hip analysis for clinical applications. However, it is less reliable in cases involving severe osteoarthritic change, requiring manual review for such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative reduction in computed tomography perfusion-derived shunt fraction is associated with favorable prognosis in cats with congenital portosystemic shunt.","authors":"Takahiro Nagumo, Kumiko Ishigaki, Chieko Ishikawa, Naoko Shiozawa, Kazushi Asano","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical feasibility and usefulness of CT perfusion (CTP)-derived shunt fraction (SF) for cats with congenital portosystemic shunts (PSSs) before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All cats with PSSs were referred to our hospital for surgical treatment from April 2016 through August 2019. The shunt types were determined before surgery (first period), and SF was measured in each cat using a 320-row multidetector CT scanner. The SF was measured on postoperative days 14 (second period) and 75 (third period). The SFs were analyzed for shunt type, surgical procedure, and prognosis across all periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study involved 8 client-owned cats with PSSs. In cats with PSSs, the SF during the third period was significantly lower than that during the first period. In cats with left gastrophrenic shunts, the SF during the third period was significantly lower than that during the first period. There was no significant difference between the periods in SF of cats with partial ligation. A significant reduction of SF was identified as a positive prognostic indicator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that CTP was feasible for the measurement of SF in feline PSSs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The CTP-derived SF may be useful for evaluating the surgical results of PSSs and may help reveal the pathophysiology of feline PSSs and evaluate prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-sensitivity multicancer detection of stage 1 cancer in dogs.","authors":"Justin R Brown, Luhui Shen, Nicholas Fulton, Stephen Albert Johnston, Kathryn F Sykes","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate an orthogonal test that uses antibodies in a small blood sample to sensitively detect stage 1 tumors, when standard treatment can save lives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sera were studied from 283 dogs with stage 1 hemangiosarcoma (30), lymphoma (34), mast cell tumors (60), osteosarcoma (41), and soft tissue sarcoma (49) and dogs established to be cancer-free (69). Samples were applied to microarrays containing peptides synthesized on silicon wafers using photolithography and tert-butoxycarbonyl chemistry. Serum immunoglobulin G binding was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peptides with antibody-binding activities associated with 1 of the 5 cancers or the cancer-free group were identified. Selections were used to build 2 multiclass models. Test performance was verified by peptide resampling or sample holdouts. A simple model detected the 5 different stage 1 tumors at sensitivities from 68% to 98%; the complex model provided stage 1 sensitivities from 60% to 88%, both at high specificities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Antibody activities to stage 1 tumors can be sensitively detected on peptide microarrays. Two divergent classifier-building approaches yielded similar test results. A field study is needed to validate findings.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This blood-based test may address the challenges in detecting stage 1 canine cancers, creating opportunities for improved treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic heterogeneity exists across equine distal limb tendons and ligaments in healthy, metabolically normal horses.","authors":"Katie Ellis, Emily M Van Zeeland, Laura Ashton, Sara Wist, Corey Broeckling, Mac Harris, David D Frisbie, Katie J Sikes","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To (1) identify tissue-specific metabolic profiles of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), and suspensory ligament (SL) and (2) evaluate metabolic profile differences in the SDFT, DDFT, and SL between the equine forelimb and hindlimb.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2 SDFT, DDFT, and SL specimens were collected from the forelimbs and hindlimbs of 10 horses of mixed breed, age, and sex that were euthanized for other reasons. One specimen was processed for histology to confirm that there were no underlying soft-tissue pathologies. One specimen was processed for 2 forms of untargeted metabolomics: (1) gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for polar metabolites and (2) UPLC-MS for nonpolar metabolites. Comparisons were made between tissue types (SDFT, DDFT, and SL) in the same limb and between limbs (forelimb and hindlimb) for the same tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metabolic differences, specifically in the taurine and glycerolipid pathways, were evident between the tendons and ligaments. Metabolic differences, including changes in trihexosylceramides and fatty acyls, were also seen when comparing the forelimbs and hindlimbs of the tendons and ligaments, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study has established metabolic differences in tendons and ligaments in a group of metabolically healthy horses.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Understanding these metabolic differences may allow for exploration into targeted intervention strategies for these tissues that may prevent injury as well as promote healing and a return to function.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cross-sectional area of normal superficial digital flexor tendon of young French Trotters increases during the first months of training.","authors":"Audrey Beaumont, Anne-Laure Emond, Philippe Pourcelot, Lauriane Fayaubot, Bérangère Ravary-Plumioen, Anne-Gaelle Dupays, Loïc Desquilbet, Jean-Marie Denoix, Nathalie Crevier-Denoix","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the midmetacarpal superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in young Trotters during training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 12 healthy 3-year-old French Trotters, assigned to either a soft-track or a hard-track group, were trained for 4 months (June through September of 2012 and 2013). Both groups followed the same exercise program of increasing intensity. Ultrasonographic examinations of both forelimb SDFTs of each horse were performed before the beginning of training (D0), after 2 months of training (M2), and after 4 months of training (M4). The tendon CSA at the midmetacarpus was measured at each session, and the percentage of change over time was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3 of 6 horses trained on the hard track developed bilateral SDFT tendinopathy at M4 (n = 6 tendons). The tendon CSA in horses without tendinopathy (n = 18 tendons) significantly increased: +6.8% at M2 and +4.3% at M4, compared to D0; the CSA change from M2 to M4 was -2.3% while exercise intensity increased. Although the tendons that developed tendinopathy at M4 were asymptomatic at M2, a posteriori analysis revealed that their CSA percentage of increase from D0 to M2 (+13%) was significantly larger compared with tendons that remained uninjured. The CSA continued to increase from M2 to M4 in these tendons (+27.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased SDFT CSA in Trotters during the initial phase of training and a greater rate of CSA increase for those with early tendon damage suggest adaptive changes to exercise and injury.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Early tendon damage should be suspected when CSA increase reaches 10% or more in 2 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic profiling reveals the potential role of allogenic equine platelet-rich plasma and extracellular vesicles in modulating tendon inflammation and repair.","authors":"Emily J Clarke, Anders Jensen, Alexandra M Gillen, David Bardell, Mark Senior, James R Anderson, Mandy J Peffers","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the protein composition of equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and PRP-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and evaluate their effects on tendon inflammation in vitro. As tendon injuries are common in horses and treatment with PRP derived from the horse's own blood shows promise, but outcomes vary due to inconsistent composition. PRP contains EVs that facilitate cell communication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From December 2022 through May 2023, equine plasma (n = 3, adult) was isolated via double centrifugation and PRP produced using a commercial kit. Extracellular vesicles were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation and characterized with a tetraspanin assay. Equine tenocyte fibroblasts (n = 6) were stimulated with IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α for 24 hours to induce an inflammatory state simulating injury before treatment with PRP or PRP-derived EVs. Proteomic analysis employed data-dependent LC-MS-MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to plasma, PRP and PRP EVs were enriched in proteins related to cellular waste disposal and inhibition of lipid metabolism. Experimental conditions significantly influenced the levels of 18 proteins in tenocyte fibroblasts. Collagen type 1 α chain 1 abundance decreased with treatment of PRP and PRP EVs, with implications for collagen metabolism. An increase in sequestosome 1 was also observed, having the potential to enhance inflammation or resolve it through autophagy-mediated degradation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PRP EVs influence the proteome of inflammatory tenocyte fibroblasts and may contribute to PRP's therapeutic effects.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Understanding the protein composition of PRP and PRP-derived EVs may help optimize PRP-based treatments for tendon injuries. Therapies could become more consistent and effective, reducing reinjury rates and improving tendon healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in rats: restoration of liver parameters and histopathological evaluation.","authors":"Ahmed Fotouh, Nady Khairy Elbarbary, Maha Abdullah Momenah, Mohsen A Khormi, Wafaa H Mohamed, Hoda S Sherkawy, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed, Mohamed Diab, Said Elshafae","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0074","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in alleviating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted from October 2024 through February 2025. A total of 80 rats (20 rats for MSC isolation and 60 additional rats) were divided into groups. The negative control groups received olive oil twice weekly for 9 weeks, a positive control group received CCl4 in olive oil twice weekly for 9 weeks, and an MSC test group received the same treatment as the positive control group, followed by treatment with MSCs once a week for 4 weeks. Liver enzyme levels (ALT, ASP, and ALP) and the oxidant-antioxidant parameters (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activity, and total antioxidant capacity) were assessed. Histopathological analysis of liver tissues was performed to examine the extent of liver damage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed increases in liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The MSC test group exhibited reduced liver enzyme levels, enhanced antioxidant activity, and improved histological findings, with reduced inflammation and fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MSCs possess a potent hepatoprotective effect through the restoration of antioxidant defenses, reduction of oxidative stress, and promotion of tissue regeneration.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study supports the potential of MSC-based therapy as a promising approach for the treatment of liver damage caused by toxic insults, such as CCl4.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foam-based depopulation methods of swine differ from water submersion based on computed tomography findings and postmortem lesions.","authors":"Janice Y Park, Magnus R Campler, Justin D Kieffer, Turi K Aarnes, Eric M Green, Denise Bailey, Marie R Culhane, Andréia G Arruda, Andrew S Bowman","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the extent of fluid incursion throughout the respiratory tract of anesthetized pigs terminated using 3 different depopulation methods compared to termination by water submersion (H2O).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inclusion criteria included pigs aged approximately 40 days. The study occurred over 2 consecutive days during spring. Pigs were anesthetized and terminated using their assigned method: water-based foam, high-expansion nitrogen foam, carbon dioxide gas, or H2O. Respiratory tracts were evaluated 3 ways: CT, gross examination, and histopathology. Immediately after death, pigs were CT scanned, and opacity changes were scored. After gross examination, representative tissues were scored microscopically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>48 pigs were assigned to 4 treatment groups of 12 pigs each. Compared to all other methods, H2O had higher odds of increased opacities on CT in several proximal structures and bronchi and pulmonary parenchyma of multiple lung lobes. All groups had pulmonary petechiae to regional hemorrhages and subpleural hemorrhages. Emphysema aquosum was observed exclusively in H2O pigs (4 of 12 [33.3%]). Histologically, carbon dioxide gas had 97.8% decreased odds of pulmonary hemorrhage compared to H2O after accounting for sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postmortem lesions and CT opacity patterns associated with water-based foam and high-expansion nitrogen foam are dissimilar to H2O. Foam-based methods involve mechanistic differences from drowning through either environmental or occlusional anoxia, not overt fluid inundation of airways.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Foam-based methods are valuable candidates for US swine production and must be separated from the mislabel of drowning. Our findings provide new information regarding large-scale depopulation tools for emergency response efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiography underestimates the severity of tracheobronchoscopy-confirmed grade IV tracheal collapse in dogs.","authors":"Masahiro Suematsu, Caroline V Fulkerson, Reo Nishi, Masahiro Murakami","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the agreement between radiographic and tracheobronchoscopic assessments of grade IV tracheal collapse (TC) in dogs and characterize the prevalence of the radiographic axial-rotation pattern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included dogs diagnosed with grade IV TC via tracheobronchoscopy from 2021 through 2024. Inspiratory and expiratory right-lateral thoracic radiographs and tracheobronchoscopy images were reviewed. Collapse at 4 sites (midcervical, thoracic inlet, midthoracic, and carina) was categorized as mild (≤ 50%) or severe (> 50%). The most severe radiographic observation per site, the dominant radiographic finding, was compared with tracheobronchoscopic grade by weighted κ statistics and percentages of agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>78 dogs had inspiratory radiographs, and 68 also had expiratory radiographs. Radiography identified severe collapse in 68 of 78 dogs (87.2%) at the thoracic inlet but less frequently at midcervical (38 of 78 [48.7%]), midthoracic (9 of 78 [11.5%]), and carinal sites (9 of 78 [11.5%]). Agreement was fair for the midthoracic trachea (weighted κ = 0.24) and slight to poor elsewhere. The percentage of agreement for severe versus nonsevere collapse was 87.2% (68 of 78) at the thoracic inlet, followed by midthoracic (76.9% [60 of 78]), carina (66.7% [52 of 78]), and midcervical (47.4% [37 of 78]) sites. Mild or no radiographic collapse was observed in 11 of 78 cases (14.1%) despite grade IV collapse on tracheobronchoscopy. Radiographic pattern, known as TC with axial-rotation (Rad-AR) confined to the thoracic inlet was present in 17 of 78 cases (21.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thoracic radiographs often underestimate the grade IV TC and cannot exclude disease when collapse is not visible.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Radiography is a useful screening tool for localizing severe TC when collapse is evident, but tracheobronchoscopy remains essential for definitive staging and therapeutic planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recall interferon-γ responses against Coccidioides are a surrogate marker for vaccine response in dogs.","authors":"Lisa F Shubitz, Daniel A Powell, Christine D Butkiewicz, Jeffrey A Frelinger, John N Galgiani","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop an interferon γ (IFN-γ) recall assay to detect a T-cell response following vaccination because antibody is seldom detected in Δcps1-vaccinated dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from naturally infected dogs with a history of coccidioidomycosis or dogs from a nonendemic area. Two- to 5-month-old Beagles were vaccinated 2 to 4 times up to 28 days apart with live, avirulent Δcps1 and bled on study days 42, 68, or 90. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Δcps1 and stained to detect CD4+ T-cell IFN-γ expression. The percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells compared to unstimulated baseline was calculated for each dog.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 5 naturally infected dogs with coccidioidomycosis had T-cell IFN-γ responses, and the 2 unexposed nonendemic dogs did not. Fourteen of 15 dogs vaccinated with Δcps1 had recall IFN-γ responses. Subcutaneously vaccinated dogs (n = 5) had a mean 1.85-fold increase in IFN-γ over baseline, whereas IM-vaccinated dogs (n = 10) were a mean of 6- to 10-fold higher. The percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+ cells was higher from restimulated cells compared to baseline in both SC- and IM-vaccinated dogs (SC twice [n = 5]: 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.543; IM twice [n = 5]: 95% CI, 0.9734 to 1.948; IM 4 times [n = 5]: 95% CI, 1.207 to 5.083).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The T-cell IFN-γ recall assay of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated dogs detects a cell-mediated immune response to the Δcps1 vaccine.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This assay has potential utility as a surrogate marker for vaccine-induced immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}