American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"The effect of 0.5 mL mepivacaine administered as an abaxial sesamoid nerve block on lameness of horses with digital pain did not differ significantly from that of 2.5 mL of mepivacaine.","authors":"Robert C Cole, Fred J DeGraves, Jessica Brown, John Schumacher","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effect of 2.5 mL 2% mepivacaine to the effect of 0.5 mL 2% mepivacaine administered over each palmar digital nerve, as an abaxial sesamoid nerve block (ASNB), to 6 horses lame because of naturally occurring digital pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a crossover study design with 3 horses in each group, the trotting gait of the horses was analyzed with an inertial sensor-based, motion-analysis system (Q with Lameness Locator; Equinosis LLC) immediately before and after treatment with either 0.5 or 2.5 mL mepivacaine administered over each nerve near the base of the proximal sesamoid bone of the lame forelimb. The gait was reevaluated objectively at 5-minute intervals for 20 minutes. Treatments were administered 48 hours apart.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatments significantly reduced lameness scores at all evaluations, and the lameness scores did not differ significantly between the treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effect of 0.5 mL of 2% mepivacaine HCl administered over each palmar digital nerve as an ASNB on lameness caused by digital pain did not differ significantly from the effect of 2.5 mL.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The volume of a local anesthetic for an ASNB, adequate to ameliorate digital pain, is less than that commonly recommended. A lower volume might more specifically localize the site of pain to the digit, but this supposition remains to be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of an ice pack to healthy canine skin decreases skin perfusion.","authors":"Gabriela Hansen, James Bilof, Meghan Watt, Nicholas Jeffery, Vanna Dickerson","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the impact on skin perfusion of ice pack application on healthy skin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A region of skin on the ventral midline was clipped from 10 healthy dogs. Skin perfusion was assessed with laser speckle contrast imaging at baseline, immediately after 15 minutes of icing, and 15 minutes after removal of the ice pack. Mean speckle contrast was calculated from the laser speckle contrast imaging images at all time points. Mean speckle contrast is a unitless measurement that is inversely proportional to skin perfusion. Local skin temperature was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Skin temperature decreased from 92.2 ± 0.6 °F at baseline to 69.1 ± 1.1 °F immediately after icing and had increased to 87.5 ± 0.5 °F at 15 minutes after icing. Skin perfusion decreased (mean speckle contrast increased) by a mean of 10.0 ± 5.7% from baseline to immediately after icing and by a mean of 14.8 ± 7.5% from baseline to 15 minutes after icing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Application of ice to the skin for 15 minutes decreases skin perfusion for at least 15 minutes after ice pack removal.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Veterinarians should consider that a decrease in skin perfusion is associated with the application of an ice pack when deciding whether to implement this therapy; however, additional research is warranted to determine whether there is an impact on healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace element content is associated with urolith type in goats and pigs diagnosed with urolithiasis.","authors":"Munashe Chigerwe, David W Killilea, Caitlin N Hardgrove, Uday Mann, Marshall L Stoller, Jodi L Westropp","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0011","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the urolith trace elemental profile and the association of these elements with urolith type and animal variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of 165 goat and 50 pig uroliths collected from urinary bladders from January 1, 1982, through December 31, 2020. Urolith mineral composition was determined using polarized light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Trace element analysis was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The association between animal variables and trace element content was assessed. The strength of grouping effects of the elements within the uroliths was determined by cluster analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Calcium carbonate (74 of 116 [63%]) and apatite (22 of 47 [47%]) were the most commonly identified urolith types in goats and pigs, respectively. The element with the highest concentrations in calcium carbonate uroliths in goats was calcium. Apatite-containing uroliths from pigs had phosphorous as the highest concentration element. Large goat breeds (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.4) and non-pot-bellied pigs had higher odds (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0) of detection of trace elements. The combination of barium, calcium, sodium, and strontium in goats defined the most significant dissimilarity (divergence) within the calcium carbonate uroliths. In pigs, boron, potassium, sodium, and strontium combination defined the most significant dissimilarity within the apatite uroliths.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trace elements in combinations that defined significant dissimilarity among uroliths suggest an association between trace elements and urolith type.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Trace and macroelements should be analyzed in uroliths and feed to optimize dietary recommendations for urolithiasis prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paws-ing to peer review: training veterinary students beyond the clinic.","authors":"Kristina A Muise, Johnny Altwal, Ankita Gupta, Brad Hogshead, Kaitlyn Ritchey","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.86.05.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.86.05.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella environmental persistence informs management relevant to avian and public health.","authors":"Kimberly M Perez, Sonia M Hernandez, Olivia Sieverts, William A Norfolk, Raquel Francisco, Nikki W Shariat, Jared C Smith, Jason Locklin, Susan Sanchez, Erin K Lipp, Michael J Yabsley","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonellosis is a significant public health threat responsible for millions of human cases annually but is also of significance to domestic and wild animals around the globe. While human infections are often foodborne, an increasing number of cases arise from environmental sources and contact with animals, including wild birds. Understanding the persistence of Salmonella in shared environments is critical for mitigating zoonotic transmission risks and understanding transmission dynamics for pets and free-living wildlife. Two experiments were conducted to investigate Salmonella persistence on surfaces relevant to wild bird-people interactions. One was a controlled experiment to compare the persistence of an avian-derived Salmonella Typhimurium isolate on bird feeders made of different materials. A total of 9 (7%) swabs were culture positive for Salmonella. Although there was no statistical difference in prevalence rates and persistence, Salmonella was primarily reisolated from plastic feeders. The second experiment investigated the prevalence and persistence of Salmonella on picnic tables in a South Florida park that were contaminated with bird feces. Salmonella prevalence on the picnic tables was 27%. When tracking fecal piles over time, 33% to 42% of fecal piles were Salmonella culture positive for 1 to 4 days. A total of 13 to 14 serotypes were detected, of which 5 serovars are in the top 20 for human infections. Our trials indicate that Salmonella can persist on bird feeders and picnic tables and precautionary measures should be adopted to reduce exposure. The companion Currents in One Health by Seixas et al, JAVMA, forthcoming 2025, addresses in-depth information about Salmonella epidemiology in free-living birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to nasopharyngoscopy in canine and feline cadavers: development and application of 3-dimensional-printed instrument guides.","authors":"Miruna Munteanu, Brian Hardy","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and evaluate the use of 3-D-printed instrument guides for nasopharyngoscopy, focusing on maneuverability, the ability to biopsy the nasal choanae, and foreign body retrieval.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Various sizes of 3-D-printed guides (small, medium, large) and angles (160°, 170°, 175°, and 180°) were tested alongside retroflex nasopharyngoscopy in cadavers. Four cadavers representing different sizes and species (3 canines and 1 feline) were utilized to evaluate the success of the 3-D-printed instrument guides. The study evaluated the maneuverability of each guide within the nasopharynx, along with their effectiveness in facilitating choanal biopsies and retrieving a simulated grass foreign body. Performance was compared across guides to determine the most effective design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 180° guide had limited maneuverability and was unable to facilitate biopsies or foreign body retrieval. The 175° guide showed moderate maneuverability and successfully performed biopsies and foreign body removal, although with mild resistance to movement. The 170° guide demonstrated high maneuverability, enabling smooth access in all directions and consistent procedural success. The 160° guide exhibited the greatest flexibility and procedural success, providing superior maneuverability and ease of use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three-dimensional-printed instrument guides with more acute angles improve nasopharyngeal access and procedural efficiency. The 160° guide showed the greatest potential for clinical application in facilitating biopsies and foreign body removal.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Three-dimensional-printed nasopharyngoscopy guides enhance diagnostic and therapeutic procedures by improving access, biopsy collection, and foreign body retrieval. More acute angles offer greater maneuverability, supporting their clinical use for minimally invasive nasopharyngeal interventions in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitor and its comparison to thromboelastography in 9 female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum).","authors":"Ashlyn C Heniff, Alex M Lynch, Laura K Ruterbories, Larry J Minter, Timothy A Georoff, Julie A Balko","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM Vet; Entegrion Inc), compare the results to thromboelastography (TEG), and quantify traditional hemostatic analytes in southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>9 female rhinoceros (4 juveniles [2 to 3 years old], 4 adults [16 to 34 years old], and 1 geriatric [54 years old]) at the North Carolina Zoo were enrolled. Whole blood was collected using trained voluntary behavior and analyzed in duplicate via both VCM Vet and kaolin-activated TEG within 4 minutes or at 30 minutes following collection, respectively. Citrated plasma was used for ancillary coagulation testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both analyses generated quantifiable clotting reactions with variables (median [range]) related to clot formation rate (TEG: R = 9.4 minutes [5.1 to 10.8], K = 2.0 minutes [1.4 to 3.0], α angle = 66° [41° to 73°]; VCM Vet: CT = 882 seconds [758 to 1,252], CFT = 416 seconds [200 to 980], α = 24° [11° to 43°]), clot strength (TEG: MA = 71 mm [64 to 79], G = 11.9 kilodynes/s [9.0 to 18.9]; VCM Vet: MCF = 49 units [34 to 53]), and clot lysis (TEG: LY30 = 0.9% [0% to 1.7%], LY60 = 3.2% [0.9% to 4.9%]; VCM Vet: Li30 = 100% [99% to 100%], Li45 = 98% [93% to 100%]) recorded. Additional testing (median [range]) included D-dimer (221 ng/mL [138 to 577]), prothrombin time (21.4 seconds [19.6 to 23.7]), activated partial thromboplastin time (24.8 seconds [22.5 to 27.4]), and fibrinogen (336 mg/dL [280 to 429]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tracings generated by VCM Vet and TEG were clinically similar, and there was visual agreement and minimal difference between quantitative variables for duplicate tests.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>VCM Vet is a user-friendly, portable device that demonstrates promise for assessing coagulation in southern white rhinoceros.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screw with tension band wiring method is an acceptable alternative to pins with tension band wiring in a canine cadaver model of extra-articular olecranon fracture.","authors":"Younwoo Choo, Jooyoung Kim, Jun-Sik Cho, Sorin Kim, Hwi-Yool Kim","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the maximum failure load and failure mode among 3 fixation methods for canine olecranon fractures and evaluate the feasibility of replacing the pin and tension band wiring method with screw plus tension band wiring (TBW) methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>18 ulnas from 9 canine cadavers (10.3 to 16.4 kg) were collected and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 6) for surgical procedures. Surgical procedures and biomechanical testing were performed from June 14 through October 7, 2024. A transverse ulnar osteotomy was performed immediately proximal to the anconeal process and aligned perpendicularly to the caudal cortex. In group 1, the pin and tension band wiring technique was employed using 2 1.2-mm Kirschner wires and #2 FiberWire. Group 2 applied the screw TBW method using a partially threaded cannulated screw and #2 FiberWire. Group 3 used the screw TBW method but with a fully threaded headless cannulated screw and #2 FiberWire. Biomechanical testing was conducted to apply tensile forces using a universal testing machine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximum failure loads of groups 1 (n = 6), 2 (n = 6), and 3 (n = 6) were 351.3 ± 22.2 N, 345.78 ± 25.6 N, and 326.3 ± 18.2 N, respectively. No significant difference was observed in maximum failure loads among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that the screw with TBW methods represent viable alternatives for internal fixation in extra-articular transverse olecranon fractures in dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study's results imply that fully threaded headless cannulated screws can be effectively applied to areas under tensile forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the potential bronchodilatory effect of propofol constant rate infusion for suspected reflex bronchoconstriction in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.","authors":"Minha Kim, Inhyung Lee, Won-Gyun Son","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the bronchodilatory effect of propofol constant rate infusion (CRI) on PaO2 and PaCO2 in dogs with suspected bronchoconstriction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, observational study, anesthetic records from August 2022 through July 2023 at the Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Dogs with PaO2 < 300 mm Hg and PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg during mechanical ventilation under inhalation anesthesia receiving a propofol CRI were included. Ventilatory parameters and arterial blood gas results were extracted, reported as median (range). Arterial partial pressure of oxygen and PaCO2 values before and after propofol CRI were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>7 client-owned dogs were identified. Bronchoconstriction was suspected postintubation based on ventilatory parameters (tidal volume of 8.1 [6.0 to 9.3] mL/kg; compliance respiratory system of 0.6 [0.4 to 0.8] mL/cm H2O/kg) and arterial blood gas results. Despite immediate interventions, including optimizing mechanical ventilation, deepening anesthesia, and drug therapy, PaO2 remained < 300 mm Hg. Thus, a propofol CRI (12 to 14 mg/kg/h) was initiated. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen increased following propofol CRI, rising from 153.0 (75.5 to 233.0) mm Hg to 284.0 (183.0 to 386.0) mm Hg at 30 minutes (mean difference, 130.9 mm Hg; 95% CI, 21.4 to 240.3) and to 331.5 (236.0 to 458.0) mm Hg at 60 minutes (mean difference, 168.0 mm Hg; 95% CI, 93.0 to 244.5). Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide levels were similar without improvement. Postoperatively, 4 dogs exhibited hypoxemia, taking 60 to 135 minutes to recover.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In dogs with perioperative gas exchange problems, PaO2 increased after propofol CRI, though PaCO2 levels remained unchanged.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Propofol CRI improved oxygenation in dogs with suspected bronchoconstriction and may serve as a bronchodilatory treatment option.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mississippi State research serves rural practice needs.","authors":"David R Smith, Kimberly A Woodruff, W Isaac Jumper","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}