American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitoring device shows promise for informing resuscitation strategies in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.","authors":"Taylor N Baird, Kristin M Zersen, Julien Guillaumin","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0196","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To use a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitoring device (VCM-Vet; Entegrion) and traditional tests to assess hemostatic changes during hemorrhagic shock in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>8 healthy, purpose-bred Beagles were enrolled in a hemorrhagic shock model conducted from September through December 2021. Dogs were anesthetized, had baseline hemostatic variables measured after blood pressure was stabilized at 70 to 80 mm Hg for 10 minutes (T1), had blood withdrawn from a jugular vein to achieve a mean blood pressure of 40 ± 5 mm Hg for 10 minutes (T2), were resuscitated with 100% shed blood, and then had hemostatic variables evaluated 10 minutes later (T3). At each time point, hemostatic variables were measured with traditional tests (Hct, WBC count, platelet count, mean platelet volume, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], and concentrations of fibrinogen, antithrombin, and D-dimer) and the VCM-Vet device (clot time, clot formation time, α-angle, maximum clot formation, amplitude at 10 minutes [A10], amplitude at 20 minutes [A20], clot lysis index at 30 minutes [LI30], and clot lysis index at 45 minutes [LI45]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All dogs survived without complication. At T2 and T3 (vs T1), samples had significantly higher coagulability (increased median α-angle, A10, and A20) and fibrinolysis (decreased median LI30 and LI45) and significantly longer aPTT; however, all values remained within reference limits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of VCM-Vet helped identify complex hemostatic disturbances in dogs with hemorrhagic shock.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The use of VCM-Vet shows promise in aiding veterinarians in optimizing resuscitation strategies based on real-time clotting data.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the fecal microbiome of healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) compared with rabbits with gastrointestinal disease using next-generation DNA sequencing.","authors":"Gina Vecere, Shachar Malka, Nicole Sands, Margaret Lee, Janina A Krumbeck","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the normal fecal microbiome of healthy rabbits in comparison to rabbits with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Next-generation DNA sequencing was used to identify the primary bacteria and fungi in the microbiome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal pellets from 25 clinically healthy rabbits and 25 rabbits experiencing GI disease were collected. Next-generation DNA sequencing was performed targeting the ITS-2 region for mycobiome, and the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA for bacteriome analysis. ITS-2 stands for internal transcribed spacer 2, a region of DNA in fungi that is used to identify and classify species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In healthy rabbit feces, Bacteroidales sp, Odoribacter sp, Paraprevotella xylaniphila, Lachnospiraceae sp, Papillibacter sp, Akkermansia sp, and Ruminococcus sp were noted to be more prevalent. Comparatively, Lachnoclostridium sp, Anaerotruncus sp, Subdoligranulum sp, and B uniformis were found in greater abundance in rabbits with GI disease. Only 1 fungal species, Malassezia restricta, was significantly enriched in the GI disease group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Next-generation DNA sequencing technology can be used to evaluate the microbiome of the rabbit GI tract through fecal material and can provide a clinically accessible testing method for veterinarians.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Numerous bacteria and fungi in the fecal samples of healthy rabbits were identified that could be considered markers of gastrointestinal health; similarly, specific bacteria and fungi were noted in greater abundance in rabbits with GI disease, which should be further investigated for their importance in causing, contributing to, or as the result of clinical disease. These findings support the use of next-generation DNA sequencing in order to diversify our understanding of the microbiome of rabbit feces, aid in clinical diagnosis, and provide support for the need for more specific probiotic supplements for rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 causing severe mastitis in a meat sheep herd in the United States.","authors":"Guilherme S Moura, Mauro M S Saraiva, Danilo T Stipp, Wondwossen A Gebreyes, Celso J B Oliveira","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of differentially expressed genes related to cell death in porcine kidney-15 cells at 24 and 48 hours post porcine parvovirus infection.","authors":"Tingting Lu, Xinghui Song, Li Zhao, Xia Ma","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0164","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to identify and characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with porcine parvovirus (PPV)-induced cell death in porcine kidney-15 (PK-15) cells. By analyzing the biological processes enriched by these DEGs and exploring their interaction networks, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PPV-mediated cell death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After infecting cultured PK-15 cells with PPV for 24 and 48 hours, cell viability and cysteine-requiring aspartate protease-3 (caspase-3) activity were assessed using an enzyme marker. Apoptosis was observed using fluorescence microscopy. The genome-wide gene expression levels were analyzed through RNA sequencing. The functional enrichment of DEGs was analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, and the protein-protein interaction network was generated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Porcine parvovirus inhibits cell viability, boosts caspase-3 activity, and enhances cell death at 24 and 48 hours postinfection (HPI). Porcine parvovirus-infected cells showed 547 DEGs at 24 HPI and 1,765 at 48 HPI. Different forms of cell death were enriched in 149 genes that were upregulated at both 24 and 48 HPI. More DEGs associated with cell death were involved at 48 than at 24 HPI. These DEGs are involved in multiple signaling pathways and interact within a complex protein network.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Porcine parvovirus infection of PK-15 cells induces multiple cell death-related DEGs and signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Our study presents a promising approach to investigating the mechanism of PPV infection, with a particular focus on the induction of cell death.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dogs with diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy have higher urine di-docosahexaenoyl (22:6)-bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate, a biomarker of phospholipidosis.","authors":"Lisa M Freeman, John E Rush, Brian R Berridge, Richard N Mitchell, Esther Gisela Martinez-Romero","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In dogs with diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we have identified electron microscopic changes suggestive of abnormal lysosomal accumulation of phospholipids and consistent with the appearance of drug-induced phospholipidosis in people and other animals. The objective of this study was to compare concentrations of urine di-docosahexaenoyl (22:6)-bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP), a biomarker of drug-induced phospholipidosis, in dogs with DCM eating high-pulse (HP) diets, dogs with DCM eating low-pulse (LP) diets, and healthy controls (control-HP and control-LP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, voided urine was collected from client-owned dogs with DCM from September 2018 through March 2020. Urine di-22:6-BMP was measured by LC-MS-MS and normalized to urine creatinine. Normalized di-22:6-BMP concentrations were compared among groups using mixed-effects-model analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>53 dogs were included: DCM-HP (n = 25), DCM-LP (n = 4), control-HP (n = 10), and control-LP (n = 14). Mixed-effects models adjusted for age and sex showed that HP diet was significantly associated with higher normalized urine di-22:6-BMP concentrations. A 1-way ANOVA identified a significant difference among the 4 groups, with Tukey post hoc analysis showing that the DCM-HP group had significantly higher normalized urine di-22:6-BMP concentrations compared to the control-LP group. Normalized di-22:6-BMP concentrations were significantly positively correlated with diet pulse scores (r = 0.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High-pulse diets were significantly associated with higher normalized urine di-22:6-BMP concentrations.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These results support the possible presence of primary or secondary phospholipidosis in dogs with diet-associated DCM and provide a plausible mechanism for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical comparison of four isometric prosthetic ligament repair techniques for tarsal medial collateral ligament injury.","authors":"Sidney Chanutin, Matthew D Johnson, C J Travers, Mitchell S Gillick, James Colee, Scott A Banks","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the stability, ultimate strength, and isometry of 4 prosthetic ligament repairs for canine tarsal medial collateral ligament injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>24 cadaveric canine distal hind limbs with induced medial tarsal instability were randomly divided into 4 groups. Simulated medial shearing injury of the collateral and medial malleolus were repaired using 1 of 4 isometric suture techniques: bone tunnels with nylon suture (TN), ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture (TU), tibial bone anchor with nylon suture (AN), or talar bone anchor with UHMWPE suture (AU). Each repair was evaluated for medial stability before and after cyclic range of motion. 3 of 4 repair configurations allowed string potentiometer isometry data collection during cyclic range of motion. Each construct was subsequently tested to failure; the strength and failure mode were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All repair groups showed statistically increased laxity compared to intact ligament. There was no difference in joint laxity between repair techniques. Cyclic range-of-motion testing did not increase joint laxity at any tested joint angle. Strength to failure was no different between repair groups. Isometry was achieved in the TU and TN groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All 4 techniques improved medial stability compared to that medial collateral ligament injury; however, no technique returned stability to the tarsal of the intact ligament. All 4 techniques maintained stability after range-of-motion testing. Isometric placement of the prosthetic suture was achievable. The constructs did not provide sufficient resistance to physiologic valgus stress.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Isometric placement of a prosthetic ligament is possible; secondary stabilization appears necessary to support the repair postoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors speak ….","authors":"Lisa A Fortier","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.85.11.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.85.11.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"85 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical-grade honey has superior antibacterial properties against common bacterial isolates in wound cultures of dogs and cats in comparison to non-medical-grade honey types.","authors":"Roxanna Neo, Pankaj Gaonkar, Laura Huber, Katelyn C Hlusko","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0188","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the antibacterial activities of different types of honey against common bacterial isolates cultured from wounds of dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>4 types of honey were used including a medical-grade manuka honey, a non-medical-grade manuka honey, a locally sourced non-medical-grade honey (non-MGH), and a commercially sourced non-MGH. Bacterial isolates were obtained from clinical wound cultures of dogs and cats including Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The macro-broth dilution method was used to analyze the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration. The percentage of growth inhibition was assessed for different types of honey at different concentrations using a generalized linear regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medical-grade honey exhibited the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration against S pseudintermedius, E faecalis, and P aeruginosa, alongside the lowest MIC at 90% with statistically significant higher bacterial growth inhibition in medium and low concentrations. Non-medical-grade manuka honey had a similar bactericidal activity against S pseudintermedius and P aeruginosa compared to locally and commercially sourced non-MGH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this in vitro study, MGH exhibited superior antibacterial activity against all bacterial isolates compared to other types of honey.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Medical-grade honey displayed the greatest antibacterial activity against common wound pathogens and could be considered over other types of honey for wound management in cats and dogs. Locally and commercially sourced non-MGH appears to have a comparative efficacy against certain bacteria compared to non-medical-grade manuka honey and is more cost effective. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin 31 mediates pruritus in horses.","authors":"Nicky M Craig, Nathalie S Munguia, Andrew D Trujillo, Ann M Chan, Rachel Wilkes, Mackenzie Dorr, Rosanna Marsella","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0144","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the effects of recombinant equine IL-31 (eIL-31) in vivo and in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Equine IL-31 mRNA sequences were verified by sequencing. Recombinant eIL-31 was produced using mammalian and bacterial expression systems. From November 2019 through February 2021, 12 normal horses, 6 to 10 years old with no history or clinical signs consistent with allergic skin disease, were injected ID with eIL-31 and saline in 2 challenge studies. Pruritus-associated behaviors were recorded for a minimum of 15 minutes preinjection and 4 hours postinjection. Adherent monocytes from 3 pruritic horses, exhibiting insect bite hypersensitivity and/or atopic dermatitis, were stimulated with bacterial eIL-31, and subsequent phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was measured by western blot and AlphaLISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bacterial eIL-31 was produced with greater purity than the mammalian eIL-31 (> 95% vs 70%). Pruritus was elicited by both recombinant proteins. The mammalian eIL-31 induced mild pruritus (cumulative seconds spent itching postinjection ranged from 6 to 313). The bacterial eIL-31 induced marked pruritus in some horses (a cumulative maximum of 5,529 seconds spent itching in 1 horse) and a milder response in others (range of cumulative seconds spent itching, 17 to 2,313). Most pruritus occurred after 2 hours and subsided by 4 hours postinjection. Bacterial eIL-31 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in adherent monocytes from allergic horses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this proof-of-concept study, IL-31 was found to mediate pruritus and was associated with STAT3 phosphorylation in horses as in other species.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Interleukin 31 is a promising therapeutic target for equine allergic pruritus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel, Humane Method of Sterilizing Dogs, Cats, and Pigs.","authors":"CheMyong Jay Ko, Uwe Rudolph, Peter Constable","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0258","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}