American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"A thermal glass bead device provides an effective method of rapid disinfection of suture scissor blades in a veterinary environment.","authors":"Kathryn P Spivey, Steven W Frederick, Meera Surendran Nair, Katrin Saile","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0123","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of glass bead disinfection on suture scissor blades following suture removal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients presented to the surgery department at a private veterinary referral hospital for suture removal from a healed, nongrossly infected skin incision with more than 3 skin sutures from November 2024 through March 2025 were included. Paired pre- and post-glass bead disinfection samples were obtained from the blades of used suture scissors before and after 60-second disinfection with a commercially available glass bead disinfection device. The paired samples were evaluated for bacterial identification, bacterial quantification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Frequency distributions (proportions) were reported, as appropriate, with 95% binomial exact CIs. Paired proportions were compared with the McNemar exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suture scissors used on 41 patients (38 dogs and 3 cats) were included in this study. There were 82 (41 paired) cultures performed. Fourteen of 41 predisinfection cultures (34.1%; 95% CI, 20.1% to 50.6%) had bacterial growth. Bacterial growth was not identified on any postdisinfection cultures (0.0%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 8.6%). Staphylococcus spp were the most frequent organisms (9 of 14 [64%]; 95% CI, 35% to 87%), with 4 isolates being a methicillin-resistant subtype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Glass bead disinfection is a quick and effective means for disinfecting the blades of suture scissors in veterinary practice.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Glass bead disinfection may be a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to true sterilization for lowering the risks of cross-contamination associated with the use of suture scissors in a veterinary setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Median blood lactate values are elevated in dogs presenting with acute seizure activity: 2014-2024.","authors":"George G Munguia, Elizabeth J Thomovsky, Aimee C Brooks, Hsin-Yi Weng","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0094","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish the expected presenting blood lactate values in dogs with acute seizure activity. The secondary goal was to compare lactate values between dogs presenting for a single seizure (SSG) or cluster seizures (CSG) or in status epilepticus (SEG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational study, the electronic medical record at a university small animal hospital was queried for dogs with acute seizures (within 24 hours of presentation) with a blood lactate measurement within 2 hours of presentation between January 1, 2014, and October 31, 2024. Data related to seizure type, lactate values, patient vital parameters, and other blood parameters (if available) were extracted. Dogs with incomplete medical records were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>88 dogs were included in 95 presentation events. The median age was 6 years, 5 months; 52 events involved female dogs, and 43 events involved male dogs. Twenty-two dogs made up the SSG, 51 dogs made up the CSG, and 22 dogs made up the SEG. The majority (72.6%) of dogs had a high lactate value on presentation (median values: SSG, 2.7 mmol/L; CSG, 3.1 mmol/L; and SEG, 4.65 mmol/L). Status epilepticus dogs had a statistically significantly elevated body temperature (median, 39.4 °C) compared to the SSG (38.8 °C); there were no statistically significant differences in blood glucose, lactate, or blood pH between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Median lactate values were elevated in all groups at presentation, but there was no statistical difference between groups. The median temperature was elevated in the SEG.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study provides expected lactate values in dogs with acute seizure activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urethrocystoscopic-guided scissor correction of vestibular vaginal changes as minimally invasive treatment option to endoscopic scissors in female dogs: 13 cases (2022-2024).","authors":"Carolina Martinelli, Jiuliany Breda Colatto, Juliano Jácomo Mendes Silotti, Pietra Da Silva Galimberti, Juarez Henrique Ferreira, Igor Luiz Salardani Senhorello, Talita Mariana Morata Raposo-Ferreira","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0387","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the incidence and effectiveness of urethrocystoscopy-guided scissor correction for vestibulovaginal anomalies in female dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 13 female dogs treated between September 2022 and September 2024 at the Veterinary Nephrology and Urology Center. Diagnosed anomalies were persistent paramesonephric septal remnants (10 cases), vaginal septa (2 cases), and double vagina (1 case). Inclusion criteria were clinical signs of urinary tract infections and anomalies confirmed via endoscopy. Urethrocystoscopy-guided scissor correction was performed. Preoperative assessments included bloodwork, urinalysis, urine culture, sensitivity testing, and ultrasonography. Outcomes were monitored for 1 year postprocedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Persistent paramesonephric septal remnants were the most common (10 cases). Associated conditions included ectopic ureters (4 cases), bladder wall thickening (4 cases), and urolithiasis (7 cases). Mean correction time ranged from 30 to 93 minutes, depending on the anomaly. Clinical signs such as dysuria, pollakiuria, hematuria, and urinary incontinence resolved in most cases. Minor complications included transient intraoperative bleeding that did not require discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Urethrocystoscopy-guided scissor correction proved effective and minimally invasive for treating vestibulovaginal anomalies, with high success rates and minimal morbidity. Clinical signs resolved in most cases, supporting its use as an alternative to traditional surgery or laser ablation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This technique offers a safe, cost-effective option for treating vestibulovaginal anomalies in dogs, improving clinical outcomes, and reducing complications. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Announcing the 2025 Journal Award winners.","authors":"Lisa A Fortier","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.86.07.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.86.07.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"86 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iowa State University researchers bitten by the bug.","authors":"David Gieseke","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.06.0199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progesterone-controlled internal drug release-based estrous synchronization induces vaginal dysbiosis and enrichment of potential pathogens in Braford heifers.","authors":"Candelaria Gonzalez Moreno, Solana Funiciello-Mendez, Andrea Torres Luque, Pavly Fayek, Aspinas Chapwanya, María C Otero","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0093","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of an estrus synchronization program on the resident microbial population of the vagina in Braford heifers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nulliparous Braford heifers were enrolled in a 9-day progesterone-controlled internal drug release-based estrous synchronization protocol. Vaginal swabs were collected on day (D) 0 and D11 of the synchronization protocol and again on D60 to profile changes in vaginal bacterial communities though 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of samples from 10 heifers revealed that the most abundant phyla were the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Principal coordinate analysis showed significant differentiation among the vaginal profiles of the microbial communities at D11 compared to D0 and D60. The bacterial clustering may be due to estrous synchronization. Significant differences were observed at the genus level. The relative abundances of known endometrial pathogens Fusobacterium, Helcococcus, Ureaplasma, and Leptotrichiaceae significantly increased from D0 to D11.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study describes, for the first time, transient changes in the diversity of the vaginal microbiota of Braford heifers in response to estrus manipulations. The presence (or absence) of certain recognized pathogens, such as Fusobacterium, Helcococcus, and Ureaplasma, may negatively affect reproductive health, justifying further investigation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These results may help in advances of the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in healthy dogs transiently leads to a false increase in portable blood glucose monitor and interstitial glucose monitor readings.","authors":"Joanna Lum, Angie Andrea Rincon, Elizabeth J Thomovsky, Paula A Johnson, Aimee C Brooks, Hsin-Yi Weng","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of high-dose IV vitamin C (HDIVC) on handheld portable blood glucose monitor (PBGM) and interstitial glucose monitor (IGM) readings in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>6 client-owned Border Collies with normal physical examinations and baseline bloodwork were enrolled in this prospective experimental study from November through December 2024. Glucose was measured via an IGM, PBGM, and laboratory blood glucose analyzer (LG) at time (T)-0, T1, T2, T3, T6, T12, T18, and T24 hours after HDIVC (200 mg/kg; ascorbic acid 500 mg/mL diluted 1:10 with sterile water, given over 30 minutes, IV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median PBGM (T1, 189 mg/dL; T2, 138 mg/dL) and IGM (T1, high; T2, 321 mg/dL) readings were significantly higher than LG (T1, 76.5 mg/dL; T2, 93.5 mg/dL) at T1 and T2. The median IGM (183 mg/dL) readings were significantly higher than LG (99 mg/dL) at T3. There was no significant difference between modalities at T0 nor from T6 on. On consensus error grid analysis, all PBGM readings at T1 and 1 of 6 readings at T2 were clinically unacceptable. All IGM readings at T1 and T2 and 2 of 6 readings at T3 were clinically unacceptable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 200-mg/kg, IV, bolus of vitamin C in healthy dogs causes clinically significant elevations in PBGM and IGM glucose readings that normalize within 3 and 6 hours, respectively.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Avoid the use of PBGM and IGM until 3 and 6 hours, respectively, after HDIVC in healthy dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine fractionation analyses as aids in the antemortem diagnosis of pheochromocytomas in clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa).","authors":"Peter A Sojka, Andrew Cushing, Laura Martinelli, Heather Schwartz, Xiaojuan Zhu, Edward C Ramsay","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the normetanephrine- and metanephrine-to-creatinine urinary fractionation ratios of clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) at various ages. We hypothesized that clouded leopards with large metanephrine- and/or normetanephrine-to-creatinine fractionation ratios would have a pheochromocytoma on postmortem examination. Those subjects with comparatively smaller fractionation ratios would not have a pheochromocytoma on postmortem examination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clouded leopards housed at a zoological institution or sanctuary were included in this study. Patients were examined within a hospital environment. All samples were obtained from January 2020 through August 2021. Urine was collected from patients by direct free catch, cystocentesis, or urinary catheterization and analyzed for metanephrine- and normetanephrine-to-creatinine fractionation ratios. Postmortem examinations were performed on animals that died naturally or were euthanized for various comorbidities to determine if a pheochromocytoma was present.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This experimental study included 1- to 16-year-old clouded leopards, 11 male and 6 female, managed under human care. The 2 clouded leopards in this study with normetanephrine- or metanephrine-to-creatinine fractionation ratios greater than 4 times the high end of the ranges identified in the subjects of this study had confirmed pheochromocytomas on postmortem examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Normetanephrine- and metanephrine-to-creatinine fractionation testing may be useful tools in the antemortem diagnosis of pheochromocytomas in clouded leopards.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Normetanephrine- and metanephrine-to-creatinine fractionation testing may provide a minimally invasive antemortem method of screening for pheochromocytomas in clouded leopards. Quantitative studies are needed to determine if this testing is consistently able to diagnose pheochromocytoma in live clouded leopards.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation machine learning model to measure the Norberg angle on canine hip radiographs increases accuracy and time to completion.","authors":"George C Hansen, Yuxiao Yao, Anthony J Fischetti, Anthony Gonzalez, Ian Porter, Rory J Todhunter, Youshan Zhang","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0044","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To apply machine learning (ML) to measure the Norberg angle (NA) on canine ventrodorsal hip-extended pelvic radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational study, an NA-AI model was trained on real and synthetic radiographs. Additional radiographs were used for validation and testing. Each NA was predicted using a hybrid architecture derived from 2 ML vision models. The NAs were measured by 4 authors, and the model all were compared to each other. The time taken to correct the NAs predicted by the model was compared to unassisted human measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NA-AI model was trained on 733 real and 1,474 synthetic radiographs; 105 real radiographs were used for validation and 128 for testing. The mean absolute error between each human measurement ranged from 3° to 10° ± SD = 3° to 10° with an intraclass correlation between humans of 0.38 to 0.92. The mean absolute error between the NA-AI model prediction and the human measurements was 5° to 6° ± SD = 5° (intraclass correlation, 0.39 to 0.94). Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between human and AI measurements when the NAs were greater than 80°. The time taken to check the accuracy of the NA measurement compared to unassisted measurements was reduced by 45% to 80%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NA-AI model proved more accurate than the original model except when the hip dysplasia was severe, and its assistance decreased the time needed to analyze radiographs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The assistance of the NA-AI model reduces the time taken for radiographic hip analysis for clinical applications. However, it is less reliable in cases involving severe osteoarthritic change, requiring manual review for such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative reduction in computed tomography perfusion-derived shunt fraction is associated with favorable prognosis in cats with congenital portosystemic shunt.","authors":"Takahiro Nagumo, Kumiko Ishigaki, Chieko Ishikawa, Naoko Shiozawa, Kazushi Asano","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0125","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical feasibility and usefulness of CT perfusion (CTP)-derived shunt fraction (SF) for cats with congenital portosystemic shunts (PSSs) before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All cats with PSSs were referred to our hospital for surgical treatment from April 2016 through August 2019. The shunt types were determined before surgery (first period), and SF was measured in each cat using a 320-row multidetector CT scanner. The SF was measured on postoperative days 14 (second period) and 75 (third period). The SFs were analyzed for shunt type, surgical procedure, and prognosis across all periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study involved 8 client-owned cats with PSSs. In cats with PSSs, the SF during the third period was significantly lower than that during the first period. In cats with left gastrophrenic shunts, the SF during the third period was significantly lower than that during the first period. There was no significant difference between the periods in SF of cats with partial ligation. A significant reduction of SF was identified as a positive prognostic indicator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that CTP was feasible for the measurement of SF in feline PSSs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The CTP-derived SF may be useful for evaluating the surgical results of PSSs and may help reveal the pathophysiology of feline PSSs and evaluate prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}