American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Computed tomography perfusion indicates reduced portal venous perfusion and relative arterial dominance in canine hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Pinhui Wang, Kumiko Ishigaki, Chieko Ishikawa, Naoko Shiozawa, Miran Kimpara, Kaito Iida, Shoko Yamaoka, Naoki Yamada, Yumiko Kagawa, Kazushi Asano","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize CT perfusion (CTP) in canine massive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore associations with descriptive histomorphologic differentiation categories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 20 client-owned dogs with surgically excised, histopathologically confirmed HCC of the massive gross phenotype and interpretable preoperative CTP datasets. Hepatic arterial flow (HAF), portal venous flow (PVF), and hepatic perfusion index (HPI) were calculated with a dual-input maximum-slope method. Freehand tumor regions of interest were drawn as large as possible along tumor margins while excluding visible vessels and necrotic or cystic regions. The CTP metrics were compared between tumor and nontumorous liver and among differentiation groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumors had lower PVF than nontumorous liver (23.40 vs 127.15 mL/min/100 mL; P < .001) and higher HPI (65.81% vs 29.66%; P < .001), whereas HAF did not differ (52.98 vs 50.29 mL/min/100 mL; P = .154). Among differentiation groups, HAF differed (global P = .011; well > moderate; adjusted P = .042), PVF differed (global P = .025; poor < well; adjusted P = .031), and HPI did not differ (global P = .664).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Canine HCC showed relative arterial dominance on CTP driven mainly by reduced PVF. Although HAF and PVF differed among differentiation categories, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because only 3 tumors were poorly differentiated.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>CTP may provide quantitative arterial and portal perfusion information but should not replace morphologic imaging, surgical assessment, or other established diagnostic and prognostic approaches; it cannot define histologic type or differentiation or predict metastasis, resectability, or prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptococcus-targeted culture in dogs reveals nasal carriage of Naganishia albida and diverse opportunistic yeasts with potential clinical relevance.","authors":"Enes Said Gündüz, Kadir Semih Gümüşsoy, Ayşe Nedret Koç","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the nasal carriage of Cryptococcus-related and other opportunistic yeasts in dogs, molecularly characterize the recovered isolates, and evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of Naganishia albida carriage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nasal swab samples were collected from July through December 2023 from 100 dogs receiving boarding or hospitalization services at private veterinary clinics and animal hospitals in 4 provinces of Türkiye. Yeast isolates were identified using phenotypic methods, internal transcribed spacer 2 sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The 1-year clinical history of dogs carrying N albida was retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 79 isolates representing 31 yeast species were identified from 59 dogs. Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complex organisms were not isolated from any dog. Naganishia albida and Papiliotrema laurentii were isolated from 12% and 1% of dogs, respectively. Naganishia albida carriage was detected in both clinically healthy and clinically affected dogs, with higher frequencies observed among dogs presenting with respiratory, dermatological, or systemic clinical findings. However, no significant associations were identified between N albida carriage and the evaluated epidemiological variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs may harbor diverse opportunistic yeasts, including Cryptococcus-related yeasts, within the nasal cavity.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Opportunistic yeasts can colonize the nasal cavities of both clinically healthy and clinically affected dogs. These findings provide baseline epidemiological data for interpreting fungal culture results and contribute to a better understanding of opportunistic fungal carriage in companion animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioassay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are not equivalent in itraconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in dogs.","authors":"Kelly Hearn, Arnon Gal, Nathan P Wiederhold, Sunam Park, Andrew Hanzlicek, Jennifer M Reinhart","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare itraconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) results by culture-based bioassay versus liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in dogs with blastomycosis and determine how the choice of assay might influence dosage adjustments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study. Ninety-seven samples from 14 client-owned dogs with blastomycosis were collected from October 2023 through May 2025 and analyzed by bioassay and 3 LC-MS-derived variables: itraconazole alone (ITZ), the hydroxyitraconazole metabolite, and the sum of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole. Linear mixed models were used to assess the relationship between dosage and itraconazole concentration by bioassay and LC-MS and between bioassay and the LC-MS variables. A clinical concordance grid was used to assess agreement between bioassay and ITZ by LC-MS regarding dosage-adjustment decisions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant association between itraconazole dosage and serum concentration. There was a significant relationship between concentration by bioassay versus LC-MS (P < .01). The association was weak for ITZ (r2 = 0.40) but was moderate for the hydroxyitraconazole metabolite (r2 = 0.48) and the sum of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole (r2 = 0.48). Of 97 samples, 62 (64%) demonstrated agreement in dosage adjustment, and 35 (36%) did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dosage of itraconazole does not reliably predict serum itraconazole concentration, requiring TDM for effective dosage-adjustment decisions. Bioassay and LC-MS are not interchangeable assays for itraconazole TDM in dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>TDM should be considered during long-term itraconazole therapy to optimize dose. A single assay method (bioassay or LC-MS) should be used consistently throughout the entire course of antifungal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference interval determination for parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, and total calcium concentrations in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).","authors":"Alison P Savo, Vicki Miksicek, Bethany Lynch, Jeffrey R Applegate","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish reference values for intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), ionized calcium (iCa) using both whole blood and serum samples, and serum total calcium in domestic rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected at a private veterinary hospital from clinically healthy client-owned, mixed-breed, mixed-sex, adult (1 to 7 years of age) rabbits using manual restraint over a 5-month period. Complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, and i-STAT were performed for each sample. Serum iCa and intact PTH concentrations were analyzed by the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Reference value intervals and descriptive statistics for intact PTH, iCa, and serum calcium were established per the guidelines of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reference intervals for PTH (0.50 to 5.90 pmol/L), serum total calcium (12.60 to 16.50 mg/dL), iCa using whole blood on i-STAT (1.35 to 1.82 mmol/L), and iCa using serum on a benchtop analyzer (1.53 to 1.84 mmol/L) were established from a population of 50 rabbits. In this population of rabbits, there was a statistically significant difference between the whole blood iCa (1.64 ± 0.10 mmol/L; mean ± SD) and the serum iCa (1.70 ± 0.07 mmol/L); however, the difference is likely clinically insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to establish reference intervals for intact PTH via chemiluminescent analysis in the domestic rabbit.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Determining inappropriate increases or decreases in PTH and calcium is crucial for antemortem diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary disorders of calcium.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exchangeable copper concentration and 3-kilodalton ultrafiltered urinary copper measurements are successfully adapted and partially validated in dogs.","authors":"Wei-Hsiu Chuang, João P Cavasin, Geoffrey T Fosgate, Adrian Tinoco-Nájera, Floris C Dröes, Robert K Phillips, John M Cullen, Jörg M Steiner, Jonathan A Lidbury, Kathleen M Aicher","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To adapt and partially validate the accuracy and precision of serum exchangeable copper and 3-kDa ultrafiltered urinary copper concentrations as an analytical prerequisite to investigate the clinical utility of relative exchangeable copper and urinary small copper carrier-to-creatinine ratio as noninvasive biomarkers in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum exchangeable copper and 3-kDa ultrafiltered urinary copper concentrations of surplus samples of dogs submitted for diagnostic purposes from October 2023 through March 2024 were measured by adapting a previously described ultracentrifugation method. Copper concentrations were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The optimal relative centrifugal force was selected based on minimizing the variability among replicates. Analytical performance was evaluated through spike recovery and intra- and interassay repeatability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimal parameters were identified as 5 g/L EDTA and 5,000 X g for serum exchangeable copper and 4,000 X g for 3-kDa ultrafiltered urinary copper. Spike recovery ranged from 97.9% to 108.5% for serum exchangeable copper and from 96.7% to 120% for ultrafiltered urinary copper. The median intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 8.5% and 10.8% for exchangeable copper and 2.6% and 5.6% for ultrafiltered urinary copper, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ultrafiltration-based methods for measuring serum exchangeable copper and 3-kDa ultrafiltered urinary copper concentrations were successfully adapted for dogs, with spike recovery and intra- and interassay coefficients of variation within predefined acceptance criteria.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The results provide the analytical foundation for future investigation of the diagnostic utility of relative exchangeable copper and urinary small copper carrier protein as noninvasive biomarkers for copper-associated hepatitis in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punica granatum peel ethanolic extract exhibits acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus sanguineus: in vitro and in vivo study.","authors":"Eman M Abouelhassan, Doaa S Farid, Eman A Ahmed, Walaa I Mohamaden, Nahla H Sallam, Sherief M Abdel-Raheem, Elsayed S I Mohammed, Omar A Al-Jabr, Mohammed A Abdel-Ghani, Faleh A Ameen, Alhosein Hamada, Asmaa M I Abuzeid","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0295","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.26.07.0295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate natural, environmentally safe alternatives for controlling hard ticks in response to emerging resistance against commonly used acaricides.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Punica granatum peel ethanolic extract (PPE) was prepared and then chemically characterized using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The adult immersion test was used to evaluate the in vitro anti-tick activity of PPE at the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL. The effect of PPE on tick counts and antioxidant activity in artificially infested dogs was assessed for 7 days after application.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chromatographic analysis detected 8 O-glycosylated flavonoids as well as catechin, apigenin, luteolin, and procyanidin. In vitro, immersing adult ticks in 35 mg/mL PPE for 5 min resulted in 50% mortality after 6 hours (LC50). In the in vivo trial, tick-infested dogs sprayed with PPE (35 mg/mL) had significantly lower tick counts than untreated infested controls on days 2, 4, and 7 after treatment, with the maximum count reduction on day 7 (4.67 ± 1.53 in treated dogs vs 81.7 ± 5.0 in controls). In vivo results showed that PPE treatment improved antioxidant activity in tick-infested dogs, increasing glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels while decreasing malondialdehyde.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In vivo results showed that PPE treatment improved antioxidant activity in tick-infested dogs, increasing glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels while decreasing malondialdehyde.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study is the first to show the acaricidal activity of PPE against tick species. The results suggest the potential of this botanical byproduct as an alternative to chemical acaricides for tick control.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of caudal mediastinal paraesophageal abscesses in dogs: a multi-institutional retrospective study.","authors":"Kathryn Biehl, Rachel W Williams, Emily Orr, Kelley Thieman Mankin, Hunter Piegols, Jordyn Blew, David E Holt, Francesca P Solari, Federico R Vilaplana Grosso","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, management, and short- and long-term outcomes of dogs with caudal mediastinal paraesophageal abscesses (CMPA) in a multi-institutional retrospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>12 client-owned dogs with CMPA confirmed on CT and/or surgery.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>The most common presenting complaints were inappetence and lethargy. Tachypnea and dyspnea were frequent physical examination findings at presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 12 dogs underwent CT. The CMPA was located within the mediastinal serous cavity in 7 of 12 dogs. Communication between the CMPA and the lumen of the esophagus was noted in 3 dogs, all of which had associated esophageal foreign bodies. Ten dogs underwent surgical treatment, which involved drainage (n = 8) and debridement (7) of the abscess, combined with antimicrobial therapy. All dogs who survived surgery were discharged from the hospital. No recurrence was identified in dogs with available long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In dogs, CMPA is associated with nonspecific clinical signs, and CT is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis. Treatment, including surgical drainage, debridement, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, is associated with a favorable prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary angiotensinogen indexed to creatinine or protein is higher in cats with surgically induced chronic kidney disease compared to healthy cats.","authors":"Jane H C Huang, Bianca N Lourenço, Chad W Schmiedt","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.06.0262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare urinary angiotensinogen, a proposed biomarker for intrarenal renin-angiotensinogen system (RAS) activity, between cats with surgically induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy cats and explore its correlation with select clinical and circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urine was banked from September 2022 through April 2023 during a study comparing circulating RAAS markers between cats with induced CKD and sex- and life stage-matched healthy cats. Urinary angiotensinogen concentration was measured from October 2025 through July 2026 using a validated in-house ELISA. Urinary concentration of angiotensinogen was indexed to that of creatinine or protein to account for urine concentration or indiscriminate urinary protein loss, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>28 cats (n = 14/group) were included. The median (IQR) indexed urinary angiotensinogen was higher in cats with CKD than in healthy cats (urinary angiotensinogen-to-protein ratio, 9.80 [5.47, 17.22] vs 3.38 [1.09, 5.52]; urinary angiotensinogen-to-creatinine ratio, 0.99 [0.40, 2.34] vs 0.31 [0.21, 0.60]). In cats with CKD, indexed urinary angiotensinogen correlated positively with serum creatinine concentration (urinary angiotensinogen-to-protein ratio, ρ = 0.573; urine angiotensinogen-to-creatinine ratio, ρ = 0.642). In healthy cats, urinary angiotensinogen-to-creatinine ratio correlated negatively with several circulating RAAS markers, including serum angiotensin II (ρ = -0.547) and angiotensin 1-7 (ρ = -0.631) equilibrium concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intrarenal RAS, assessed by urinary angiotensinogen, is activated in cats with induced CKD, and its activity is inversely related to that of the circulating RAAS in healthy cats but not those with CKD.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Concurrent evaluation of circulating RAAS and intrarenal RAS markers is required for complete assessment of this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody successfully prevented disease when administered before canine parvovirus experimental challenge.","authors":"Laurie Larson, Fatima Ezzahra Akki, Prakash Ramasami, Jill Pattee, Chris George, Amy Purse, Barton J Slagter, Terri Wasmoen","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effectiveness of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) monoclonal antibody (CPMA) to prevent CPV-2 disease after an experimental challenge to support a label claim for prophylactic use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>25 Beagle pups aged 7 to 8 weeks were randomized to CPMA-treated (n = 20) or PBS-treated control (5) groups. One day after SC administration of PBS or CPMA (0.1 mL/kg) on study day (SD) 0, all pups were challenged by intranasal administration of virulent CPV-2b. Personnel masked to treatment groups monitored clinical signs, including rectal temperature, vomiting, and/or abnormal feces, over SD 2 through SD 14. Samples collected included sera, whole blood, and feces to assess antibody responses, lymphopenia, and fecal shedding of CPV-2, respectively. The CPV-2 disease case definition included at least 3 of 4 criteria: fever of 39.7 °C (103.4 °F) or greater, decreased lymphocytes to 50% of baseline or below, presence of diarrhea, and detection of CPV-2 virus in feces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 5 control pups developed parvovirosis and met the CPV-2 case definition. In contrast, none of the 19 CPMA prophylactically treated pups developed more than 1 of the criteria for CPV-2 disease. One pup infected with CPV-2 via environmental exposure and treated therapeutically was also protected against CPV-2 disease signs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prophylactic CPMA treatment successfully protected all pups from experimental CPV-2 disease.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Prophylactically administered CPMA provides a reasonable expectation of passive protection of naïve pups against parvovirosis in high-risk settings, such as outbreak situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different fresh gas flows produce similar rebreathing and regional ventilation during helmet continuous positive airway pressure in sedated Beagles.","authors":"Rachel Mandelbaum, Victoria Albano, Caterina Vicenti, Haider Ali, Manuel Martin-Flores, Andy Adler, Joaquin Araos","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.05.0218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of 4 oxygen driving flows on carbon dioxide rebreathing and ventilation in healthy sedated dogs receiving helmet continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective experimental crossover study included 7 healthy adult Beagles sedated using a standardized protocol. Dogs received helmet CPAP (approx 5 cm H2O) through a Venturi valve system. Following stabilization at 15 L/min, dogs underwent evaluation at 4 oxygen driving flows (5, 10, 15, and 20 L/min), with flow conditions administered in randomized order. Primary outcomes included inspired carbon dioxide (PiCO2), PaCO2, and end-tidal carbon dioxide. Secondary outcomes included oxygenation, hemodynamics, and electrical impedance tomography-derived regional ventilation. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effects models with flow as a fixed effect and dog as a random effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Flow significantly affected PiCO2, although the magnitude of the difference was small. Median PiCO2 differed by approximately 1 mm Hg between 5 and 15 L/min, and maximum observed PiCO2 remained low (2 mm Hg). No differences were detected in PaCO2, end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, surrogate minute ventilation, or regional ventilation distribution. Arterial oxygen tension differed among flows, but the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction (P:F ratio) was unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Carbon dioxide rebreathing during helmet CPAP remained minimal across the tested oxygen driving flows and was not associated with measurable changes in PaCO2 or regional ventilation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Lower oxygen driving flows may provide adequate helmet washout in healthy sedated dogs using a Venturi-based helmet CPAP system.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}