American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"In vitro use of a low-level laser therapy device inhibits growth of Malassezia pachydermatis.","authors":"Natalia Gil, Domenico Santoro, Rosanna Marsella","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0355","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the in vitro activity of the low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) device (Phovia; Vetoquinol) on Malassezia pachydermatis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical isolates of M pachydermatis (n = 30) and a commercially available anamorph of M pachydermatis (ATCC strain 14522) were used in this study. Both groups of organisms were plated on potato agar plates and exposed to the LLLT device for 2, 4, 6, and 8 minutes with a 30-second break after every 2 minutes of exposure. The plates were then incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Each experiment was run in duplicate. The experiment for the internal control was repeated independently 6 times. Nonirradiated plates served as the viability control (positive control). The number of CFUs between each treatment and the control was analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA or a Friedman test followed by a post hoc analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control, there was a statistically significant decline in CFUs after a minimum of 4 minutes of exposure to the LLLT device in both groups compared to unexposed controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This preliminary in vitro study demonstrated that the LLLT device tested can inhibit the growth of M pachydermatis.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This in vitro study offers a novel proof-of-concept approach to treating Malassezia infections in veterinary medicine. Low-level laser (light) therapy has the potential to shorten treatment durations and reduce side effects, making it a promising alternative to standard antifungal therapy, particularly in the context of antifungal resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premedication and general anesthetic agents decrease plasma concentration of the endocannabinoid anandamide in dogs.","authors":"Andrew Chua, Maureen A McMichael, Tom Jukier, Robert D Arnold, Wan-Chu Ellan Hung, Stephanie Harris, Chu Zhang, Hedie Almagro Bustamante","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0366","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of premedication followed by isoflurane (ISO) versus sevoflurane (SEVO), length of general anesthesia (GA), and the amount of IV fluid administered on plasma endocannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide; AEA) concentrations in dogs undergoing GA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was an analysis of samples collected during a previously designed prospective, randomized, single-blinded experimental study involving 21 client-owned dogs undergoing GA. Samples were collected from March through October 2021. Dogs were randomized to ISO or SEVO as the inhalant anesthetic. Blood samples collected before and after GA were used to measure plasma AEA concentrations using HPLC-MS-MS. Data included signalment, length of GA (minutes), surgery performed, fluid volume administered (milliliters per kilogram), and treatment with NSAIDs or steroids. Statistical analyses included power analysis, normality testing, and adjusted linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma AEA concentrations significantly decreased after GA in both groups. Least squares mean AEA concentration decreased from 29 to 12.3 ng/mL in the ISO group and from 26.6 to 11.1 ng/mL in the SEVO group. There were no significant differences between groups or associations with anesthesia duration, fluid volume, surgery, or NSAID/steroid use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plasma AEA concentrations were significantly reduced after GA in both the ISO and SEVO groups. This reduction may be influenced by other anesthesia agents, such as dexmedetomidine, hydromorphone, and propofol.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study is the first to highlight a potential interaction between premedication, GA, and endocannabinoid signaling. Further research is needed to explore these findings and their implications for pain management and neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations can be imputed from phenotypic data using a random forest approach.","authors":"Gayatri Anil, Joshua Glass, Abdolreza Mosaddegh, Casey L Cazer","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0314","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat requiring monitoring across multiple sectors because AMR genes and pathogens can pass between humans, animals, and the environment. Idiosyncrasies in AMR data, including missing data and changes in testing protocols, make characterizing AMR trends over time and sectors challenging. Therefore, this study applied machine learning methods to impute missing minimum inhibitory concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Models were built using cattle-associated Escherichia coli from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Random forest models were designed to predict the minimum inhibitory concentration of a given E coli isolate for 10 antimicrobials. Predictors included isolate metadata and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of other antimicrobials. Model performance was evaluated on held-out test data and 2 external datasets (E coli isolated from chickens and humans).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the accuracy within 1 minimum inhibitory concentration category was over 80% for all 10 antimicrobials and over 90% for 5 antimicrobials on test data. Six of the models performed as well on both external datasets as on test data, whereas the remaining 4 had similar accuracy on the human dataset but lower on the chicken data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that the models can predict minimum inhibitory concentration values at a level of accuracy that would be helpful for imputation in resistance datasets.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The imputation of missing minimum inhibitory concentrations would allow for better evaluation of AMR trends over time, helping inform stewardship policies. These models may also help streamline surveillance and clinical susceptibility testing because they suggest which antimicrobials need to be laboratory-tested and which can be extrapolated by modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"S70-S79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow aspirate concentrate are enriched with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein.","authors":"Sidney Long, Grigorios Maleas, Zarah A Belacic, Vivian G Quam, Sushmitha Durgam","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0380","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the cellular, growth factor, and cytokine composition of equine sternal bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and laboratory-centrifuged BMA concentrate (BMAC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an in vitro experimental study. Cellular composition, growth factors (IGF-I, VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β1), and cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1 receptor antagonist protein [IL-1Ra]) were quantified using a standard automated hematology analyzer and ELISA methods, respectively, in donor-matched BMA, BMAC (in-house centrifugation protocol), whole blood, and platelet-rich plasma (E-PET; Pall Inc) prepared from 25 horses from 2016 through 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes were increased 4.1-, 3.4-, 4.6-, 4.4-, and 2.5-fold in BMAC compared to BMA, respectively. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein of BMAC was increased 21-fold compared to BMA and increased 117-fold compared to gravity filtration system-based, leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Laboratory centrifugation enriches the cellular and IL-1Ra concentrations of equine BMAC compared to BMA, with no significant changes in IGF-I, VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10, or TNF-α concentrations.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Equine BMA and BMAC are patient-side biologics enriched with anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra and support further evaluation of equine BMAC for musculoskeletal tissue healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resection via carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of canine urethral prolapse is associated with a higher rate of complications.","authors":"Kathryn E Biehl, Penny J Regier, Lauren M Edwards, Rachel W Williams","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To document and evaluate postoperative complications associated with 3 urethral prolapse surgical techniques: urethropexy (UP), resection and anastomosis (RA), and resection via carbon dioxide (CO2) laser.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>20 male dogs that underwent surgical treatment for urethral prolapse.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Dogs included in this study underwent surgical repair for urethral prolapse. Complications were classified as early if they occurred before discharge, late if they occurred after, and minor or major based on the need for revision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6 UP, 10 RA, and 4 resection via CO2 laser procedures were performed. Minor complications occurred in 15 of 20 dogs (75%) and included mild hemorrhage (n = 8), hematuria (n = 6), mild swelling of the distal penis (n = 5), recurrence of prolapse that did not require revision (n = 2), pollakiuria (n = 2), stranguria (n = 2), and urethritis (n = 1). Major complications occurred in 7 of 20 dogs (35%): 3 of 6 in the UP group (50%), 0 of 10 in the RA group (0%), and 4 of 4 in the CO2 group (100%). Urethral stricture formation was only noted in the CO2 group. Recurrence occurred in 3 of 6 UP cases (50%), 2 of 10 RA cases (20%), and 1 of 4 CO2 cases (25%).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>There are no peer-reviewed publications that describe the use and complications of CO2 lasers in the surgical management of urethral prolapse in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing canine breed data in veterinary records is challenging, but computer vision offers an alternative perspective on breed assignment.","authors":"Glenvelis Perez, Yixuan He, Zihan Lyu, Yilin Chen, Nicholas R Howe, Halie M Rando","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0315","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dog breed is fundamental health information, especially in the context of breed-linked diseases. The standardization of breed terminology across health records is necessary to leverage the big data revolution for veterinary research. Breed can also inform clinical decision making. However, client-reported breeds vary in their reliability depending on how breed was determined. Surprisingly, research in computer science reports that AI can assign breed to dogs with over 90% accuracy from a photograph. Here, we explore the extent to which current research in AI is relevant to breed assignment or validation in veterinary contexts. This review provides a primer on approaches used in dog breed identification and the datasets used to train models to identify breed. Closely examining these datasets reveals that AI research uses unreliable definitions of breed and therefore does not currently generate predictions relevant in veterinary contexts. We identify issues with the curation of the datasets used to develop these models, which are also likely to depress model performance as evaluated within the field of AI. Therefore, expert curation of datasets that can be used alongside existing algorithms is likely to improve research on this topic in both fields. Such advances will only be possible through collaboration between veterinary experts and computer scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"S38-S45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the potential role of abrasion in the development of toe tip necrosis in beef cattle: an ex vivo study.","authors":"Nassim Hedayati, Alvaro Espinosa, Kadin Majcher, Diego Moya, Murray D Jelinski, James D Johnston","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0206","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare regional stiffness of the white line (objective 1) and image-based metrics of damage (objective 2) of control claws and claws subjected to an abrasion simulator mimicking animals abrading their claws against a concrete surface commonly found in feedlots.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen (n = 16) cadaveric bovine hind limbs were acquired from participating commercial feedlots and separated into different testing groups: lateral claws subjected to an abrasion simulation (n = 8) and control claws manually rasped to the same level of wear found after the abrasion simulation (n = 8). Claws were subjected to indentation testing along the white line to determine regional stiffness (control = 8; abraded = 8) and contrast-enhanced, high-resolution imaging (control = 6; abraded = 6) where mean image intensity was used to characterize damage. Analysis of variance was used to compare regional stiffness and image intensity of the different groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower stiffness of the white line along the apical region was noted in abraded claws versus control claws (P < .019). Higher mean intensity (a measure of damage) was found in abraded claws versus control claws (P < .026).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study findings indicate that abraded claws exhibited lower stiffness along the apical region of the white line relative to control claws. Also, analyses of contrast-enhanced, high-resolution imaging data suggested that pathways for foreign material to enter the claw may be present following abrasion.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings support the premise that abrasion may be involved in white line separation and toe tip necrosis pathogenesis. Alternative floorings that minimize abrasion may be beneficial for avoiding toe tip necrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of extended-release buprenorphine in female Yorkshire swine (Sus scrofa domestica).","authors":"Lynlee M Stevey-Rindenow, Marissa Saenz, Vivian La, Craig Franklin, Ari Aycock-Williams, Patrick T Fueger","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the pharmacokinetics of extended-release buprenorphine (XRB) in adult swine. We hypothesized that after a single SC administration of XRB in swine, buprenorphine plasma concentrations would be at or above the therapeutic threshold of 0.1 ng/mL and would not result in major injection site reactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extended-release buprenorphine was administered once SC to 2 cohorts of adult female Yorkshire swine at low (0.2 mg/kg) and high doses (0.4 mg/kg). Blood was collected from an indwelling jugular catheter prior to and after XRB administration for 13 total time points. Buprenorphine plasma concentrations were analyzed by HPLC-MS, and pharmacokinetics were performed using a noncompartmental analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extended-release buprenorphine was present in plasma at the therapeutic concentration of 0.1 ng/mL or above beginning at 8 hours and maintaining throughout 96 hours for all animals in both cohorts. Average plasma buprenorphine levels for both cohorts reached therapeutic concentrations starting at 1.5 hours and were maintained above therapeutic concentrations throughout 96 hours. The low-dose cohort's (n = 3) average half-life was 212.6 ± 107.1 hours, and the high-dose cohort's (n = 2) was 63.8 and 48.9 hours, respectively. The histology of SC sites revealed mild injection site reactions characterized by granulomatous inflammation with intralesional cholesterol cleft formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All animals reached and maintained therapeutic buprenorphine plasma concentrations of 0.1 ng/mL by 8 hours and maintained it to the end of the study at 96 hours.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Extended-release buprenorphine at either dose provides therapeutic levels of plasma buprenorphine, and therefore its use should be further investigated in swine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting emerging technologies and innovation.","authors":"Gail C Golab, Lisa A Fortier","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.86.03.editorial","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.86.03.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"86 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local anesthetics and antibiotics display synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions against pathogens causing septic arthritis in horses.","authors":"Ditte M T Adler, Ane T Nielsen, Christine Olsen, Denis Verwilghen, Peter Damborg, Rikke H Olsen","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the in vitro efficacy of antibiotics (amikacin, ceftiofur, and gentamicin) in combination with local anesthetics (LAs; bupivacaine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride, and mepivacaine hydrochloride), a combination commonly performed for IA injectate and regional limb perfusion (RLP) in horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>17 equine clinical isolates were tested by the checkerboard method for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a combination of concentrations of LAs and antibiotics from August 2020 through December 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the majority of combinations, the antibiotic efficacy was not affected. However, in a subset of combinations (n = 70), the addition of LA to the antibiotic solution displayed a synergistic (n = 14) or antagonistic (n = 56) effect, indicating that LA increased or decreased antibiotic activity, respectively. Increased MICs seen in most antagonistic combinations appeared to be without clinical relevance as MICs remained below or above clinically achievable concentrations. In contrast, antagonism observed for aminoglycoside-LA combinations resulted in MICs higher than the concentration achievable by RLP. In some synergistic combinations, MICs decreased from markedly above to below or near clinically achievable concentrations against a specific antibiotic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of LAs to antibiotic solutions for IA injections does not compromise the in vitro antibiotic effect. Conversely, the addition for RLPs compromises the in vitro antibiotic effect at clinical concentrations.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This in vitro study suggests that LAs can be added to IA antibiotic solutions without compromising antibiotic effects against common equine pathogens. For RLP, the combination of tested aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin) and LAs is discouraged without taking into account MICs of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}