American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Different dexmedetomidine combinations with sevoflurane, ketamine, or propofol lead to varying clinical and laboratory outcomes in rabbits.","authors":"Burak Akçalı, Muhammed Kaan Yönez, Umut Alpman","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0135","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the clinical and laboratory effects of dexmedetomidine + ketamine + sevoflurane (group 1), dexmedetomidine + propofol + sevoflurane (group 2), and dexmedetomidine + total IV propofol (group 3) anesthesia protocols and to introduce a safe anesthesia protocol to the literature and clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>New Zealand white rabbits, which were preclinically examined and determined to be healthy, were included in the study. In accordance with the study protocol, the rabbits were randomly assigned to three different groups, demonstrating that the study was structured as a randomized controlled experimental trial comparing three anesthetic protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 rabbits (12 male, 12 female) were randomly divided into 3 different groups of 4 females and 4 males/group. Regarding vital signs, a decrease in pulse, respiration, and body temperature was observed in all groups. The difference in blood gas values between the groups was significant. Regarding hemogram parameters, similar effects were observed in all groups. A significant difference in glucose, AST, and albumin values related to biochemical parameters was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All of the anesthesia protocols employed in this experimental study induced adequate anesthesia in rabbits without resulting in any serious complications or mortality.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings may assist in selecting anesthetic protocols in rabbits by balancing intraoperative stability and quality of recovery. The results are applicable to both clinical and experimental veterinary settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dogs with congenital extrahepatic shunts and absent portal vasculature noted on computed tomographic angiography can successfully undergo surgical attenuation.","authors":"Sohee Bae, William T N Culp, Allison L Zwingenberger","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0146","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical outcomes of dogs with a single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS), in which portal vein atresia (PVA) was considered a differential diagnosis based on CT angiography (CTA), and that underwent surgical exploration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs with a single congenital EHPSS and absent portal vein branches on CTA. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, preoperative and postoperative clinicopathologic values, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical details, and short- and long-term postoperative follow-up information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>7 client-owned dogs diagnosed with congenital EHPSS and suspected portal vein atresia on CTA that underwent surgical exploration at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California-Davis from 2010 to 2022 were identified. Surgical attenuation of the EHPSS was successfully performed in 6 of 7 dogs. Intraoperative mesenteric portovenography (IOMP) and/or clinical indicators (eg, absence of visceral congestion) were used to determine suitability for attenuation. In 2 dogs, IOMP was performed, which revealed intrahepatic portal vasculature only after temporary EHPSS occlusion. Postoperative clinicopathologic values and clinical signs were favorable in all 6 dogs that underwent attenuation, with no long-term complications reported. The numeric scoring scale applied to CTA did not appear to influence intraoperative decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical attenuation of EHPSS in dogs with absent portal branches on CTA may be associated with favorable long-term follow-up, when supported by intraoperative findings.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings highlight the limitations of CTA alone in preoperative decision-making for these complex cases and support the use of dynamic evaluation, such as IOMP, in guiding treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transversus abdominis plane block using liposomal or bupivacaine hydrochloride with dexmedetomidine provides comparable analgesia to high-dose intravenous buprenorphine in pigs.","authors":"Malwina Basinska, Stephanie A Hon, Emily Pearson, Erica Feldman, Rebecca C McOnie, Stephen Parry, Cristina de Miguel Garcia","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0130","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks using either liposomal bupivacaine (2.66 mg/kg) expanded with bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl; 0.5%; 2 mg/kg) or bupivacaine HCl (0.5%; 2 mg/kg), each combined with dexmedetomidine (0.4 μg/kg), for abdominal wall desensitization in pigs compared to high-dose IV buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, randomized, blinded study was conducted in 24 pigs assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) saline TAP block and 0.1 mg/kg IV buprenorphine, (2) TAP block with bupivacaine HCl (0.5%; 2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.4 μg/kg), and (3) TAP block with liposomal bupivacaine (2.66 mg/kg) admixed with bupivacaine HCl (0.5%; 2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.4 μg/kg). Transversus abdominis plane blocks were administered at 0.8 mL/kg/hemiabdomen (1.6 mL/kg total/pig). Skin sensitivity was assessed using forceps testing at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after block using a predefined scoring system. The primary outcome was time to resensitization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All TAP blocks were technically successful. Peak desensitization occurred at 6 hours in all groups. No significant differences in the duration or extent of nociceptive blockade were observed between treatments. This study represents the first in vivo assessment of TAP block efficacy in pigs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Liposomal bupivacaine admixed with bupivacaine HCl and dexmedetomidine did not provide prolonged analgesia compared to bupivacaine HCl with dexmedetomidine or high-dose IV buprenorphine.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>TAP blocks may reduce reliance on systemic opioids, supporting opioid-sparing pain management strategies in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of oral tumors in cats in Switzerland identifies squamous cell carcinoma as the predominant tumor type.","authors":"Eva E Gasymova, Janny V Evenhuis, Stephanie Goldschmidt, Boaz Arzi, Natalia Vapniarsky","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0161","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study investigated the distribution, types, and geographic distribution of oral tumors in cats in Switzerland, providing insights into demographics, tumor features, and emerging trends.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed pathology records of oral tumors in cats diagnosed between 2012 and 2022 from diagnostic laboratories in Switzerland. Only histologically confirmed neoplasms were included; inflammatory and cystic lesions were excluded. Geographic distributions were assessed using postal addresses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 339 reports of oral tumors in cats, 294 met inclusion criteria. Malignant tumors dominated 82.0% (241 of 294), with squamous cell carcinoma most prevalent (70.5% [170 of 241]), followed by fibrosarcoma (7.2% [19 of 241]), melanoma (4.6% [11 of 241]), and adenocarcinoma (4.6% [11 of 241]). Benign tumors represented 18.0% (53 of 294), mostly with peripheral odontogenic fibroma (8.2% [24 of 294]). Squamous cell carcinoma was commonly located on the tongue (24.0% [33 of 137]), accounting for all tumors identified in the sublingual region (100% [17 of 17]). Peripheral odontogenic fibroma occurred mainly in caudal mandibles (41.7% [10 of 24]). Histopathologic analysis revealed that ulceration and necrosis were frequent in malignant cases, with a broader range and higher mitotic indices (P < .0001). The European Shorthair was the most commonly represented breed (80.6% [237 of 294]), and older cats (median age 13 years) were most affected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results emphasize the high frequency of malignant oral tumors, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, in cats in Switzerland, consistent with trends observed in other regions, and identified distinct histopathologic characteristics differentiating malignant from benign cases.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Investigating the prevalence, types, and geographic distribution of oral tumors in cats in Switzerland may support awareness, early detection, accurate diagnosis, and potentially better clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for reducing response time to foreign animal disease in the United States with point-of-care diagnostic tests.","authors":"Heather L Simmons, Julie Stowell-Moss, Jeremiah T Saliki, Amy K Swinford, Jonathan Rushton, Ashley Railey, Barbara Martin, Terry Hensley, Kaitlin Thompson, Shridula Hegde","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0143","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Foreign animal diseases (FADs) are nonnative to the US and threaten animal welfare and economy. During FAD outbreaks, reliance solely on laboratory-based tests challenges response due to cost and turnaround time. Validated point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests enable early field detection, reduce economic impact, and protect animal welfare. This proposal recommends a national POC diagnostic testing framework for FADs, providing guidance on modifying existing tests and serving as a resource for laboratory diagnosticians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2022, at the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians annual meeting, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) Laboratory Directors Committee evaluated a draft POC testing process. In 2023, 27 stakeholders, including regulatory agencies, industry stakeholders, and diagnostic laboratories from 8 states, evaluated the draft process for distribution, use, and reporting and provided recommendations for validating POC testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 6 steps of the POC testing framework were validated by 27 stakeholders. Recommendations for improving FAD response were submitted to the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services and NAHLN, focusing on validation, importation, licensing, test validity, deployment, communication of results, animal movement, and indemnity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Through stakeholder evaluation of testing framework, recommendations were provided to the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services and NAHLN for validating each step of POC testing framework, thereby reducing detection and response times during FAD outbreaks while making it cost efficient for producers and public. However, test performance and human behavior should be thoroughly evaluated to reduce variability of results.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Point-of-care testing to enable quick and cost-effective FAD response, rapid containment, reduced disease transmission, and improved efficiency motivated the development of a stakeholder-informed revision to the testing framework through qualitative evaluation and expert recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single oral dose of pravastatin exceeded target plasma concentrations and displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).","authors":"Marina R Liles, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Heather Knych, Hugues Beaufrère","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0117","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the plasma concentrations and determine the pharmacokinetic profile of pravastatin after administration of a single oral dose in cockatiels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot study was performed at single oral doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. Based on the results of the pilot study, 14 adult cockatiels (7 male and 7 female) were administered a 40-mg/kg dose using a compounded oral suspension of pravastatin via oral gavage. Blood samples were collected at 7 different time points from 0.5 to 12 hours after administration in a balanced incomplete block design, with 3 blood samples/bird and 6 replicates/time point. Plasma concentrations of pravastatin were determined via LC-MS-MS. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using compartmental analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated time to maximum concentration, maximum plasma concentration, and terminal half-life were 2 hours, 669.9 ng/mL, and 3 hours, respectively. There was high interindividual variability, and 1 cockatiel had extremely high levels of pravastatin through all sample points and was excluded from the analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single oral dose of 40 mg/kg of pravastatin administered to cockatiels exceeded plasma concentrations that would be considered therapeutic in humans (45 to 55 ng/mL).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A starting dose of 40 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours or lower has the potential of being beneficial in the treatment of cockatiels with lipid disorders pending further investigations with multidose pharmacokinetic studies, efficacy studies evaluating hypolipidemic effect, and its possible administration in drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graduate students harness artificial intelligence to boost animal, human health.","authors":"Jonathan M Levine","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.07.0241","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.07.0241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of experimentally induced mitral regurgitation on endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 as a biomarker of endothelial injury in dogs.","authors":"Seongsoo Lim, Daeyun Seo, Beomkwan Namgoong, Heesung Uhm, Hyeajeong Hong, Nanju Lee, Isong Kim, Seunghun Heo, Jihwan Kang, Cheyoun Kim, Hayoung Shin, Min Su Kim","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.05.0171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate changes in plasma endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) concentrations following mitral regurgitation (MR) induction in dogs and to evaluate their association with established diagnostic markers of myxomatous mitral valve disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Purpose-bred Beagles were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial from January 2024 through March 2025. Mitral regurgitation was induced in each dog via a minimally invasive intervention under fluoroscopic guidance with mean left atrial pressure monitoring. Plasma ESM-1 concentrations were measured at baseline, 30 minutes postoperatively (PO), and 6 weeks PO. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations and hemodynamic, radiographic, and echocardiographic variables were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks PO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 6 Beagles enrolled in the study developed pathological MR without clinical signs. Their plasma ESM-1 concentrations significantly increased at 6 weeks PO from the baseline, whereas no significant change was observed at 30 minutes PO. The ESM-1 concentration was positively correlated with the left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio, peak early diastolic transmitral velocity, and early diastolic transmitral velocity-to-early diastolic mitral annular velocity. No significant correlations were found for other variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Experimentally induced MR led to a delayed but significant increase in plasma ESM-1 concentrations, which were positively associated with echocardiographic indicators of diastolic dysfunction and left atrial volume overload. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 expression and acute mean left atrial pressure elevation were not associated.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Plasma ESM-1 concentrations may reflect early endothelial glycocalyx degradation during the asymptomatic stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease and represent a potential endothelial injury biomarker in veterinary cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of temperature and water hardness on the stability of mixed tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline) used in veterinary medicine.","authors":"Zohra Olumee-Shabon, Sean Knutson","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0136","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines how temperature and water hardness affect the stability of tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline (CTC) in a mixed solution using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to simulate typical livestock treatment conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Calibration curves (0.8 to 8 mg/L) and quality control spikes (1.33, 2.56, and 5.30 mg/L) were utilized to ensure accuracy. Reagent, soft, and hard waters were tested at 22 and 35 °C. The stability of 7 commercial TC products was then evaluated under the same conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tetracycline and oxytetracycline exhibited stability across all conditions with consistent recoveries, regardless of water hardness or temperature. In reagent water, CTC was stable for 25 hours, but in soft and hard water, the recoveries diminished over time. Temperature further adversely affected CTC stability, with marked degradation at 35 °C. Upon validation, the stability of 7 commercial TC products was tested using the same conditions, mirroring the behavior of the neat standards. Notably, CTC-containing products like Chloronex and Pennchlor 64 showed similar degradation profiles, reinforcing the impact of water hardness and temperature on CTC stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings emphasize the significant influence of water hardness and temperature on CTC stability. Proper handling and storage practices for TC-based medications are essential to ensure control of CTC-containing products like Chloronex and Pennchlor 64.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study underscores the importance of proper storage for CTC-based medications, as their stability is significantly affected by water hardness and temperature, impacting treatment efficacy in livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of an in-clinic cortisol assay in dogs with suspected hypoadrenocorticism.","authors":"Ana Torrano Guillamón, Casandra Juárez Sarrión, Eva Prosper Asensi, Jorge Castro López, Paula García San José, Carolina Arenas Bermejo","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the rapid point-of-care ELISA by IDEXX (SNAP) for detecting hypoadrenocorticism (HA) in dogs. A secondary aim was to evaluate the agreement between the SNAP and the veterinary reference laboratory (VRL) using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (IMMULITE 2000) cortisol measurements. We hypothesized that the SNAP would correlate well with the VRL and aid in HA diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational diagnostic accuracy study was conducted from January 2023 through January 2024, enrolling dogs with suspected HA. Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed using an ACTH stimulation test, with basal serum cortisol (BSC) used for screening in some cases. Samples were analyzed by the SNAP and VRL, with the VRL serving as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>96 dogs were enrolled; 21 were diagnosed with HA. The SNAP showed correlation with the VRL (Spearman ρ = 0.923; P < .001). Median BSC and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly between methods. A BSC < 2 µg/dL yielded 100% sensitivity for both, with the SNAP showing higher specificity (73.1%) than the VRL (64.2%). Post-ACTH cortisol < 2 µg/dL was 100% specific by both methods, with 95.2% sensitivity using the SNAP. A 10.5% clinical discordance was observed. Passing-Bablok regression revealed proportional and constant bias, with the SNAP test tending to overestimate cortisol concentrations, but in the low cortisol range this overestimation appears minimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SNAP correlated with the VRL for HA diagnosis; however, borderline post-ACTH SNAP results should be confirmed with the VRL. The SNAP-derived BSC may be more specific than the VRL for ruling out HA.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The SNAP test aids HA diagnosis in urgent care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}