American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Economic impact of mortality prediction by predictive model at first and second treatment for bovine respiratory disease.","authors":"Lilli Heinen, Brad J White, Robert L Larson, Dannell Kopp, Dustin L Pendell","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0169","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate a predictive model's ability to determine cattle mortality following first and second treatment for bovine respiratory disease and to understand the differences in net returns comparing predictive models to the status quo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2 boosted decision tree models were constructed, 1 using data known at first treatment and 1 with data known at second treatment. Then, the economic impact of each outcome (true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative) was estimated using various market values to determine the net return per head of using the predictive model to determine which animals should be culled at treatment. This was compared to the status quo to determine the difference in net return.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The models constructed for the prediction of mortality performed with moderate accuracy (areas under the curve > 0.7). The economic analysis found that the models at a high specificity (> 90%) could generate a positive net return in comparison to status quo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that predictive models may be a useful tool to make culling decisions and could result in positive net returns.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Bovine respiratory disease is the costliest health condition experienced by cattle on feed. Feedyard record-keeping systems generate vast amounts of data that could be used in predictive models to make management decisions. It is essential to understand the accuracy of predictions made via machine learning. However, the economic impact of implementing predictive models in a feedyard will influence adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the invertebrate medicine toolbox: evaluation of opisthosoma tonometry as a novel diagnostic tool for arachnids.","authors":"Meghan V Chung, Gregory A Lewbart, Hans D Westermeyer, Kim R Love, Daniel S Dombrowski","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.02.0053","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.02.0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to analyze the use of rebound tonometry, as a noninvasive diagnostic tool, in arachnids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>5 juvenile (yearling) female and 1 juvenile male curlyhair tarantulas (Tliltocatl albopilosus, previously Brachypelma albopilosum) were used to track estimated ventral opisthosoma pressures over a 9-month period of time. Younger, growing animals were selected as they are more likely than adults to go through multiple molts throughout the 9 months of the study length. An iCare TONOVET TV01 rebound tonometer was used to measure the estimated ventral opisthosoma pressures of the spiders. Measurements were obtained from the ventral opisthosoma, 1 of the thinnest areas of exocuticle throughout the body. Readings were obtained once per week from the ventral opisthosoma for the first 2 months, then once every 2 weeks for 1 month, then back to once per week for the remainder of the study. Additional measurements were obtained following each ecdysis, after a 2% body weight sampling of hemolymph, and at the end of the study to evaluate readings in response to induction of general anesthesia with 5% isoflurane gas and oxygen flow at 2 L/min for 10 minutes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average of all estimated ventral opisthosoma pressure when spiders were not in molt was 26.19 mm Hg (SD, 3.54), with a statistically significant decrease postmolt to an average of 15.31 mm Hg (SD, 3.81), followed by a gradual increase back to premolt pressures over a 3-week period with an average of 22 days (SD, 1.93). Estimated ventral opisthosoma pressures decreased post hemolymph removal. There is not sufficient evidence that estimated ventral opisthosoma pressures changed over time following the anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study demonstrates that tonometry can be used to generally assess the estimated ventral opisthosoma pressure, which could correlate with where a spider is in an ecdysis cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining the research enterprise across University of Florida's missions.","authors":"Sarah K Carey, Janet D Robishaw","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0189","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Mycoplasma sp using next-generation DNA sequencing is common on nasal swabs from both healthy and unhealthy pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).","authors":"Julianne E McCready, Janina A Krumbeck, Linda Siperstein, Joao Brandao","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0075","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Upper respiratory infections are a frequent problem in pet rabbits and rodents, and Mycoplasma pulmonis is 1 of the most common causes of respiratory infections in pet rats. M pulmonis was detected in 1967 in laboratory rabbits via culture of the nares and oropharynx, but overall, Mycoplasma is not commonly identified in the upper airway of rabbits. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of Mycoplasma sp detection via next-generation DNA sequencing on nasal swabs obtained from healthy and unhealthy rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The results of nasal swabs from both healthy and unhealthy rabbits submitted for next-generation DNA sequencing from January 2022 to February 2023 were reviewed. Data gathered included signalment, whether or not Mycoplasma sp was detected, and the cell count and relative predominance of Mycoplasma sp compared to other organisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>91 rabbits met the inclusion criteria, of which 49 were healthy and 42 were unhealthy. Overall, 52 of 91 (57.1%) rabbits were positive and 39 of 91 (42.8%) were negative for Mycoplasma sp. Mycoplasma positivity was significantly (P < .001) more common in healthy rabbits (37/49 [75.5%]) compared to unhealthy rabbits (15/42 [35.7%]).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The fact that Mycoplasma positivity was common in both groups of rabbits, and particularly common in rabbits without upper respiratory signs, suggests that Mycoplasma may be normal nasal flora in rabbits. Further research is needed to determine whether Mycoplasma could function as an opportunistic pathogen in rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A humeral intracondylar fissure elevates maximum principal bone strain in the humeral condyle and lateral epicondylar crest in French Bulldogs.","authors":"Jessica McCarthy, Soroush Irandoust, Peter Muir","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0105","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether a humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF) alters bone strain in the French Bulldog humerus, we developed a quantitative CT-based 3-D finite element (FE) model for virtual mechanical testing. We hypothesized that higher strains would be seen in the intracondylar region and lateral epicondylar crest if there was a HIF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient CT scans from 3 (n = 3) French Bulldogs were selected. Dog 1 had a closed distal physis and no HIF. Dog 2 had an open distal humeral physis but no HIF. Dog 3 had an open distal physis and a HIF. A 3-D FE model was built for FE analysis, and pressure was applied to the humerus over the region that contacts the radial head.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum principal bone strain patterns differed in each of the models. A path of strain concentration mimicking the typical pattern of a lateral condylar fracture was only found in dog 3. Maximum principal strain exceeded 1% in parts of the lateral epicondylar crest in all 3 dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed a patient-specific, quantitative CT-based 3-D FE model for virtual mechanical testing. We accepted our hypothesis. Strain concentration occurred in the intracondylar region and along the lateral epicondylar crest only when a HIF was present.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The presence of a HIF in French Bulldogs elevates maximum principal bone strain in this region and alters its path in an FE model, which suggests an increased risk of a lateral humeral condylar fracture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of D,L methionine and ammonium chloride on urine acidification, urinary fractional excretion of calcium, and blood bicarbonate in clinically healthy goats.","authors":"Casey E Neal, Gretchen P Grissett, Sherrill Fleming, Robert W Wills, Amelia R Woolums","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0097","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary acidification with ammonium chloride (AC) for urolith dissolution is a common treatment for goats with urolithiasis. Studies have reported increased fractional excretion of calcium (FECa) following AC administration, which could increase calcium-based urolithiasis. D,L methionine (MET) may result in similar acidification with less calcium excretion.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effects of orally administered MET and AC on urine and blood pH, FECa, and blood HCO3- concentrations in male goats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective, randomized, crossover study. 12 healthy, 5-to-6-month-old Boer-cross wethers were administered 200 mg/kg of AC or MET orally for 14 days with a 7-day washout period between trials. Venous blood and urine samples were collected every 2 days. The effects of treatment and treatment day on urine and blood pH, HCO3-, and FECa were assessed using linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ammonium chloride and MET lowered least squares means (LSM) urine pH on day 6 (LSM, 7.49; 95% CI, 6.44 to 8.54), 8 (LSM, 7.78; 95% CI, 6.73 to 8.83), and 10 (LSM, 7.53; 95% CI, 6.49 to 8.58) when compared to day 0 (LSM, 8.23; 95% CI, 7.18 to 9.28). Some goats' urine indicated acidification (pH < 7.0) in the first phase of the trial; however, for the entire trial, a significant treatment effect was not detected on urine pH, blood pH, blood HCO3- or log10 FECa.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Ammonium chloride and MET acidified urine of some goats. Dietary cation-anion difference should be considered when treating healthy goats to acidify their urine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transpulmonary cardiac output with room temperature saline is accurate and tracks directional changes in anesthetized dogs.","authors":"Cheyenne J Cannarozzo, Joaquin Araos, Manuel Martin-Flores","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0154","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the performance of transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) using room-temperature saline (CORT) and waveform-derived continuous CO (CCO) compared with TPTD using iced saline (COICED) as the indicator for measurements of CO in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>8 Beagles aged 1 to 2 years (7.4 to 11.2 kg) were enrolled in this experimental study from March 21 to 31, 2023. Dogs were anesthetized with 0.01 mg/kg acepromazine, 5 to 6 mg/kg propofol, and isoflurane and were mechanically ventilated. Dogs were instrumented with a central venous catheter and a femoral arterial catheter equipped with a thermistor. The COICED, CORT, and pulse wave-derived CCO values were obtained at baseline, during infusions of phenylephrine and norepinephrine, and during blood withdrawal and replacement. Data were analyzed with a mixed effect model, Bland-Altman plots, and concordance. Percent error was calculated. P < .05 was used for significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 8 dogs. Significant effects of time and the interaction of time and method were found. Bland-Altman plots showed negligible bias with limits of agreement between -0.35 and 0.25 L/min for CORT versus COICED and -1.23 and 1.15 L/min for CCO versus COICED. Percent errors were 17.7% and 66.6%, respectively. In the 4-quadrant plots, the concordance rate was 95% and 68% for measurements obtained with CORT and for CCO, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transpulmonary thermodilution using room temperature saline was accurate and able to track changes in CO. Continuous CO had a large percent error and low tracking ability.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Transpulmonary thermodilution using room temperature saline is reliable for monitoring CO and obviates the need for iced preparations in clinical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdermal carbon dioxide may accelerate hoof growth in healthy, sound horses in a short-term, randomized, controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Meredith J Rudnick, Holly L Stewart, Modesty D Burleson, David G Levine","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0161","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Slow hoof growth poses a clinical challenge when hoof wear exceeds natural growth. Many treatment options have been reported without controlled prospective trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of transdermal CO2 on the rate of growth in treated hooves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study of 14 Warmblood mares. Horses were randomly assigned a number and allocated for treatment of the front feet with room air or CO2 for 30 minutes 3 times per week, and groups were switched after 5 weeks. Hoof growth was measured on the dorsal midline and the quarters of each front foot. The distance from coronary band to lines made on the hoof wall was measured at the beginning, middle, and end of the study. The percentage of change in length at each location relative to baseline was evaluated at 5 weeks and 10 weeks using nonparametric analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All treatments were successfully administered. The left front medial (P = .028) and right front lateral (P = .03) sites of the CO2-treated hooves increased growth compared to the room air group at the 5-week point.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study suggest that repeated, noninvasive transdermal application of CO2 may accelerate hoof growth in normal horses over a 5-week treatment period.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study suggests that transdermal CO2 may increase the rate of hoof growth in normal horses. The mechanism of action of this treatment is unclear, and further studies are required to fully elucidate the potential effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medial patellar luxation induces cartilage erosion in dogs: a retrospective study of prevalence and risk factors.","authors":"Hye-Won Kim, Yong-Sun Kim, Woo Keyoung Kim, Kyu-Won Kang, Byung-Jae Kang","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0190","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explain the relationship between cartilage erosion and medial patellar luxation (MPL) and to identify risk factors in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on 90 dogs (103 stifles) surgically treated for MPL between January 2006 and March 2024. Data collected included signalment, side of operated stifle, patellar luxation grade, symptom duration, and lameness score. Cartilage erosion was evaluated for extent and location on the patella and femoral trochlea. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of cartilage erosion of the patella and femoral trochlea was 47.6% (49/103) and 54.4% (56/103), respectively, increasing with a higher grade of patellar luxation. Lesions were most prevalent in the distolateral patella and proximomedial trochlea, with generalized lesions more prevalent in grade IV. The extent of both lesions was significantly associated with age, patellar luxation grade, and symptom duration, while body weight significantly correlated only with the cartilage erosion of the patella. No significant correlation was observed with sex, side of operated stifle, or lameness score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many patients with MPL exhibited cartilage erosion in the patellofemoral joint, likely due to biomechanical mechanisms. Surgery can be indicated for patients with MPL, as it may prevent cartilage erosion while improving patellofemoral alignment and gait. When selecting surgical candidates, it is important to consider risk factors, such as patellar luxation grade, body weight, age, and symptom duration.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Early surgical treatment is recommended, especially for dogs with higher body weight and higher grade of MPL, to prevent cartilage erosion and secondary osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to perform an electrocardiogram in an awake pond slider turtle (Trachemys scripta): a comparative study of five noninvasive methodologies.","authors":"Hillary K Hammond, Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira, Stephen Santangelo, Brian G Barnett, Stephen J Divers","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0148","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare multiple noninvasive ECG methods in pond sliders based upon repeatability, ability to recognize standard waveforms, and measurability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was performed from November 2023 through January 2024. Ten healthy adult pond turtles were enrolled in the study. ECG tracings were obtained using 4 previously reported and 1 novel ECG methodology, using adhesive patches applied to the prehumeral fossae and abdominal scutes. The 50 ECG tracings were blinded by method and turtle, randomized for evaluation by 4 observers, and assessed for quality on a scale from 0 to 3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interobserver and intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients for all tracings were 0.84 and 0.97, respectively, indicating an almost perfect agreement. The average score amongst the observers for each tracing was then averaged by method, ranging from 0.875 to 2.15. The novel method demonstrated a collective average of 2.15 and was the highest scoring method for 8 of 10 turtles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Electrocardiogram utilizing methods that apply adhesive patches to the prehumeral fossae and either the abdominal scutes of the plastron or prefemoral fossae in pond turtles can be performed to produce recognizable waveforms.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Diagnostic tools, such as ECGs, are imperative to enhance veterinary care in nonconventional species, particularly with the rising trend of exotic pets worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}