American journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine's Precision One Health Initiative improves animal and human health by developing alternative models of disease.","authors":"Sharron Quisenberry, Karin Allenspach-Jorn, Jonathan Mochel, Lisa K Nolan, Amy H Carter","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0212","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral trazodone results in quantifiable sedation but does not result in a xylazine-sparing effect in healthy adult horses.","authors":"William E Swanton, Rebecca Johnson, Qianqian Zhao, Carrie Schroeder","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0185","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate sedation and IV xylazine requirements to achieve 45% of baseline head height above ground measurements following oral (PO) administration of 2 trazodone dosages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>8 healthy, adult mares of various weights and breeds belonging to a university teaching herd were utilized in a blinded, crossover study design. Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 PO treatments: control (no trazodone), trazodone at 3 mg/kg (low dose [LD]), or trazodone at 6 mg/kg (high dose [HD]). Before treatment, cardiac auscultation, EquiSed sedation score, and head height above ground (HHAG; cm) measurements were performed (baseline) followed by feeding of the treatment mixture. After 120 minutes, sedation score and HHAG were recorded. Xylazine was administered IV (0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.1 mg/kg/min) until HHAG reached 45% of baseline or a total dose of 1 mg/kg was reached. Individual data for xylazine dosage, sedation scores, and HHAG were analyzed using mixed linear models with repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sedation scores were significantly improved (LD, P = .045; HD, P = .01) and HHAG was lowered (LD, P = .045; HD, P = .09) by trazodone administration. Xylazine dose requirements were increased by LD trazodone administration (increase of 0.26 ± 0.26 mg/kg; P = .03) and unchanged by HD (increase of 0.13 ± 0.25 mg/kg; P = .38).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral trazodone administration increases quantifiable sedation in horses. Xylazine requirements are significantly increased by LD trazodone administration.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Oral administration of LD trazodone may increase xylazine requirements. Further clinical studies are required to fully assess the clinical relevance of this finding on other parameters such as cardiovascular physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping veterinary team members navigate ethical challenges.","authors":"Anne Quain","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0224","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a shuttle box model to assess the behavioral and analgesic effects of opioid injections in goldfish (Carassius auratus).","authors":"Jacobo Romano Noriega, Marie Levet, Sandra A Binning, Claire Vergneau-Grosset","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0172","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate if opioid-induced behavioral effects, such as sedation, can be detected using a shuttle box experimental apparatus and whether thermal preference following noxious stimulation using mustard oil is reversed by morphine administration in fish.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>5 goldfish (Carassius auratus) underwent 2 randomized blinded experimental trials, with a crossover study design. First, opioid effects were tested in a shuttle box without painful stimulus. Fish were injected 5 days apart with butorphanol at 0.4 or 10 mg/kg, morphine at 5 or 10 mg/kg, or saline IM. After 30 minutes, each fish was placed in a shuttle box for 2 hours with a temperature gradient of 26 to 28 °C. Temperature preference, time spent immobile, and swimming velocity were assessed. The second trial consisted of cutaneous noxious stimulation using mustard oil immersion for 5 minutes followed by an assessment of thermal preference for 4 minutes in the shuttle box after either morphine at 10 mg/kg or saline IM injections. Linear mixed models were used to compare treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before noxious stimulation, a low dose of morphine caused sedation compared with control group and high-dose morphine and butorphanol treatments. Immersion in mustard oil caused fish to spend more time in the cold area in the control group. Morphine administration reversed this pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sedative and analgesic effects of opioids were detected through this model.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The shuttle box model could be used to assess the analgesic effects of other opioids in goldfish while reducing biases associated with the sedative and stimulatory effects of these drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking tick-borne pathogens to protect Ohio's farms.","authors":"Rustin M Moore, Risa Pesapane, Toni Hare","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0201","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding spent hemp biomass does not adversely affect fertility in rams.","authors":"Melanie A Meador, Serkan Ates, Michelle A Kutzler","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0134","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.05.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the reproductive effects of feeding spent hemp biomass (SHB) to rams. Several studies suggest cannabidiols negatively affect reproductive characteristics, and the reproductive effects of SHB ingestion have not been investigated in any species. Spent hemp biomass is high in protein and essential fatty acids, indicating a potential use in livestock diets pending studies investigating its safety in animals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Polypay rams approximately 6 months old were randomly assigned to 5 feeding trial groups (n = 7/group): either a low or high concentration of SHB in diet for either 4 or 8 weeks plus a control group. Blood samples were collected for hormone assays. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, the testes were removed, and sperm collected directly from the vas deferens were evaluated for motility (total, progressive, and speed), morphology, and concentration. A section from each ram's testes was formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, and subjected to routine immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of fertility-associated proteins deleted in azoospermia-like and Boule, followed by quantitative image analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rams fed either 10% or 20% SHB for 8 weeks had significantly higher progressive sperm motility compared to controls. There were no significant differences between the treatment and control groups in the other parameters studied. Boule immunoexpression was adversely affected, whereas deleted in azoospermia-like immunoexpression was differentially affected by SHB ingestion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that up to 20% of the diet can be fed as SHB to rams for 8 weeks without adversely affecting testicular or sperm function.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Supplementing young rams with SHB is unlikely to affect fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring journal impact.","authors":"Lisa A Fortier","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.85.09.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.85.09.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating Peer Review Week.","authors":"Mark Rishniw","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.85.09.invitededitorial","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.85.09.invitededitorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bupivacaine and liposomal bupivacaine do not produce prolonged perineural anesthesia in a lameness model and are detectable beyond clinical effect in conditioned Thoroughbreds.","authors":"Taralyn M McCarrel, Cindy Cole, Lara K Maxwell, Heather A Roe, Alison J Morton","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0167","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine (1) the dose of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) to eliminate grade 2 of 5 lameness, the (2) duration of analgesia of LB versus bupivacaine hydrochloride (BH), and (3) LB pharmacokinetics versus BH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A reversible lameness model was validated in conditioned Thoroughbred horses (n = 12), aged 3 to 10 years. A dose-response trial compared subjective and objective lameness following abaxial sesamoid block with 25 mg BH/nerve or 30, 60, or 133 mg LB/nerve (n = 3/group). The LB dose that eliminated lameness and reduced lameness for the longest was used for blinded, randomized, crossover pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic trials (n = 12/group). Data were analyzed using a paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 133-mg/nerve dose of LB eliminated lameness in 3 of 3 horses in the dose-response trial, and lameness returned at 6, 36, and 72 hours. In the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic trials, time to return of lameness greater than or equal to starting lameness was longer for LB compared to BH on subjective (LB, 12 hours, 4 to 24 hours; BH, 4 hours, 4 to 12 hours) and objective (LB, 12 hours, 4 to 24 hours; BH, 4 hours, 2 to 6 hours) evaluations. The terminal half-life was not different between formulations (LB, 17.8 hours ± 10.1; BH, 12.4 hours ± 6.3); however, LB had increased area under the concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to infinity (LB, 388 ng·h/mL ± 117; BH, 63 ng·h/mL ± 18) and mean residence time (LB, 17.6 hours ± 2.4; BH, 3.9 hours ± 1.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Liposomal bupivacaine analgesia duration was greater than BH, but the median time until lameness returned was only 12 hours. Bupivacaine is quantifiable in serum and urine beyond loss of clinical effect.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A single, high-dose injection of LB is not effective for providing perineural analgesia over several days. Bupivacaine is detectable after the effect of the drug has worn off.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature has a greater effect than salinity on microbial survival in saltwater from a single equine hydrotherapy unit.","authors":"Sara R Tufts, Mabel K Aworh, Kim R Love, Elizabeth J Treece, Caitlyn R Horne, Megan E Jacob, Lauren V Schnabel","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0184","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.07.0184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the ability of bacteria commonly isolated from equine limb wounds to survive in saltwater obtained from an equine hydrotherapy unit at different salinity concentrations and temperatures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Saltwater samples were obtained over a 2-week period (January 22, 2024 to February 2, 2024) from an equine hydrotherapy unit used for clinical patients, kept at either full salinity per manufacturer recommendations or diluted to half salinity to mimic the dilution that likely occurs in the clinical setting between cases when holding tanks are replenished with tap water only. Samples were then autoclaved to eliminate preexisting bacterial contamination before individual inoculation with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Each inoculated sample was maintained at 2, 22, or 44 °C to represent typical holding tank conditions. The bacterial concentration was determined at each condition every 24 hours up to and including 96 hours. The lower limit of detection was set at 1 CFU/mL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salinity did not affect bacterial survival. Bacterial concentrations generally decreased with increasing temperature over time. Escherichia coli, S aureus, and S zooepidemicus concentrations decreased to the lower limit of detection at 44 °C by 24 to 48 hours, while P aeruginosa concentrations significantly decreased over 24 hours but remained well above the lower limit of detection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Common bacterial isolates of equine limb wounds can survive in typical saltwater hydrotherapy conditions.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical relevance of these findings including protocols for hydrotherapy unit disinfection, wastage of treatment water, and case inclusion/exclusion criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}