American journal of veterinary research最新文献_第9页

Perfect patient position is not maintained during total hip replacement in dogs using a vacuum bean bag positioner. 使用真空豆袋定位器的犬在全髋关节置换术中不能保持完美的患者位置。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0404

Robert J Barnett, Samuel J Tidwell, Xiaojuan Zhu, Jeffrey N Peck

{"title":"Perfect patient position is not maintained during total hip replacement in dogs using a vacuum bean bag positioner.","authors":"Robert J Barnett, Samuel J Tidwell, Xiaojuan Zhu, Jeffrey N Peck","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0404","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0404","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess changes in patient positioning prior to acetabular cup impaction during total hip replacement (THR) procedures in dogs.Methods: In a prospective, analytical study, 26 client-owned dogs were evaluated for changes in patient positioning during THR procedures. Following initial patient positioning in true lateral recumbency, fluoroscopic measurement of changes in positioning was performed for each plane at 2 separate time points: after draping (M1) and immediately prior to cup impaction (M2).Results: Patient positioning was significantly altered at time point M1 in the transverse plane, with a mean change of 2.8° (range, 0° to 12°); this change in position was most often toward the dorsum, occurring in 16 of 26 cases (62%). Significant shifting was found at time point M2 in the transverse plane, with a mean change of 2.6° (range, 0° to 10.3°); this change, however, did not significantly correlate with a particular direction. Positioning shifts found at M1 and M2 were not consistently in the same direction in either plane. Body condition score had no effect on shifting found at M1 or M2 in either plane.Conclusions: Perfect patient positioning is not maintained with the use of bean bag positioners. Despite accurate initial positioning and the use of this positioning device, shifting does occur.Clinical relevance: Unrecognized shifts in pelvic position during THR procedures may occur, which could contribute to inappropriate implant positioning. Pelvic alignment should be evaluated during THR procedures to minimize the risk of complications.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lameness improvement in horses with distal tarsal pain after intra-articular injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A. 关节内注射A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素对跗远端疼痛马跛行的改善。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0294

Antônio A Beck, Letícia B Paz, Maria I Frank, Roberta C F Pereira, Flávio D De La Côrte

{"title":"Lameness improvement in horses with distal tarsal pain after intra-articular injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A.","authors":"Antônio A Beck, Letícia B Paz, Maria I Frank, Roberta C F Pereira, Flávio D De La Côrte","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0294","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effect of IA injections of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in horses with chronic, naturally occurring distal tarsal osteoarthritis.Methods: 9 horses were selected after physical and radiographic assessments. Horses also underwent an objective lameness examination and were included if they had a hindlimb impact lameness (Pmin ≥ 3 mm), which positively responded (≥ 50%) to the tarsometatarsal and centrodistal joints' anesthetic block. Horses randomly received an intra-articular injection of BoNT-A or an equivalent volume of saline solution. Horses were reevaluated at postinjection days (PIDs) 1, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. Success criteria included a decrease in Pmin (≤ 3 mm) or an abolishment of lameness on the baseline lame limb with lameness shifting to the contralateral limb. A percentage of lameness improvement was calculated for all horses at all timepoints.Results: 5 horses were included in the BoNT-A group, whereas 4 individuals were allocated in the placebo group. A significant improvement (P < .05) was observed in horses from the BoNT-A group when compared to placebo at PIDs 90, 120, 150, and 180. Two of 5 horses (40%) from the BoNT-A group had an absolute improvement (100%) in lameness at all the timepoints. Higher percentages of lameness improvement were observed at PID 60.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the intra-articular injection with 50 U of BoNT-A was effective in reducing lameness in horses with distal tarsal osteoarthritis, mainly 90 days after injection.Clinical relevance: Botulinum toxin type A can be considered as an option for managing horses with chronic osteoarthritis.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene implant improves biomechanical properties for patellar ligament repair in dogs: an ex vivo randomized study. 超高分子量聚乙烯植入物改善犬髌骨韧带修复的生物力学性能：一项离体随机研究。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0087

Romain Lamère, Maxime Guillet, Stefano Scotti, Chantal Ragetly, Thibaut Cachon

{"title":"Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene implant improves biomechanical properties for patellar ligament repair in dogs: an ex vivo randomized study.","authors":"Romain Lamère, Maxime Guillet, Stefano Scotti, Chantal Ragetly, Thibaut Cachon","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0087","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the biomechanical properties and failure mode of 3 different repair methods in simulated midsubstance canine patella ligament rupture on cadavers.Methods: The sample was paired hindlimbs of 9 adult mixed-breed dogs. The study design was an experimental study on cadavers. Patellar ligaments were transected and sutured using a Bunnell and simple interrupted epitendinous pattern. They were then randomly reinforced with 1 of 3 techniques: a circumpatellar suture loop anchored distally to the tibial tuberosity (group 1), the same loop combined with a fascia lata strip (group 2), or a polyethylene synthetic implant sutured over the patella proximally and secured distally with an interference screw (group 3). Yield, peak, and failure load, stiffness, and mode of failure were evaluated.Results: Six hindlimbs were assigned to each group. Augmentation with the synthetic implant (group 3) showed significantly greater yield, peak, and failure load than group 1. There were no significant differences between group 2 and either group 1 or group 3.Conclusions: Patellar ligament repair augmented with a synthetic ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene implant offered greater tensile strength than a Bunnell suture with an adjunction of a circumpatellar repair.Clinical relevance: The use of a synthetic ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene implant may offer a viable surgical option for patellar ligament repair. Further studies are warranted to assess the long-term outcome in vivo in patients with injured patellar ligament.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hair density response to photobiomodulation in canine alopecia X is measured reliably with an ordinal scale: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. 毛发密度对犬X型脱发光生物调节的反应用有序量表可靠地测量：一项随机、对照、双盲研究。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0034

Dalia Aoudj, Jérôme R E Del Castillo, Camylle C Bergeron, Gabrielle Brosseau, Caroline de Jaham, Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano, Nadia Pagé

{"title":"Hair density response to photobiomodulation in canine alopecia X is measured reliably with an ordinal scale: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study.","authors":"Dalia Aoudj, Jérôme R E Del Castillo, Camylle C Bergeron, Gabrielle Brosseau, Caroline de Jaham, Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano, Nadia Pagé","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To develop an ordinal hair density score (HDS), determine its inter-rater agreement, and use it in a trial of photobiomodulation as a sole treatment for alopecia X.Methods: A 5-level ordinal HDS system was developed. Four blinded veterinary dermatologists independently graded a 50-image reference set using the HDS. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using the quadratic-weighted Fleiss κ, Brennan-Prediger, and Gwet AC2 coefficients. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was performed using a convenience sample of alopecia X dogs recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria over 16 months. Photoconverter gels were applied on both alopecic sides of each patient once per week for 8 weeks. One randomly chosen side was exposed to excitatory light (active treatment) but not the other (sham). Skin biopsies were taken from the center of each treated side before and at the end of the study. The images of active and sham sides acquired before the study, at day 50, and at the end of the study were graded using the HDS.Results: Inter-rater agreement coefficients were greater or equal to 0.81. Seven dogs were enrolled, but 1 withdrew after day 50. Hair density score evolved over time in both sides, but the OR of improved HDS increased with time only for the 3 central HDS grades. Histopathology revealed no notable differences between sides and across time.Conclusions: The HDS seems valid and useful in assessing the effect of photobiomodulation on the exposed areas of our alopecia X patients.Clinical relevance: This novel, easily applicable scale may facilitate the therapeutic monitoring of alopecia in dogs.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Venovo venous stent for percutaneous treatment of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in 14 dogs. 静脉-静脉支架经皮治疗肝内门静脉系统分流14例。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-05-02 Print Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0061

Samantha G Collins, Lauren E Markovic, Joseph W Bartges

{"title":"Venovo venous stent for percutaneous treatment of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in 14 dogs.","authors":"Samantha G Collins, Lauren E Markovic, Joseph W Bartges","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0061","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0061","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To present single-center data for the Venovo venous stent as an alternative option during percutaneous transvenous coil embolization (PTCE) in dogs with a congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.Animals: 14 client-owned dogs in a retrospective case series.Clinical presentation: All dogs were referred for PTCE intervention and had varying degrees of clinical signs. Dogs were medically managed before PTCE. Medical records of dogs that underwent PTCE using a Venovo stent from 2020 through 2024 were reviewed for relevant periprocedural data, adverse events, and outcomes.Results: 14 dogs with a mean body weight of 19.5 kg (SD, 6.9 kg) underwent PTCE with implantation of a Venovo stent. The mean caudal vena cava diameter cranial to the shunt orifice was 15.4 mm (SD, 2.8 mm) and caudal to the shunt orifice was 17.5 mm (SD, 3.7 mm). A single Venovo stent was used for each dog, with a median diameter of 18.0 mm (IQR, 14.0 to 20.0 mm) and a mean length of 91.4 mm (SD, 21.8 mm). The mean ratio of stent size to vena cava diameter was 1.0 (SD, 0.1) caudal to the shunt orifice and 0.9 (SD, 0.1) cranial to the shunt orifice. Postoperative radiographs in all dogs revealed appropriate stent and coil position with no outward migration or fracture.Clinical relevance: The Venovo venous stent is a viable option for stent selection when planning for PTCE. The Venovo stent can be generally sized 1:1 to the vessel, and oversizing to the caudal vena cava is unnecessary.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manubrium tracheal index versus thoracic inlet tracheal index and proximal rib3 tracheal score to radiographically assess bulldogs' tracheal diameter at 3 levels. 胸骨柄气管指数与胸入口气管指数和近肋气管评分对牛头犬气管直径进行3个水平的影像学评价。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0400

Ayman A Mostafa, Clifford R Berry

{"title":"Manubrium tracheal index versus thoracic inlet tracheal index and proximal rib3 tracheal score to radiographically assess bulldogs' tracheal diameter at 3 levels.","authors":"Ayman A Mostafa, Clifford R Berry","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0400","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the manubrium tracheal index (M-TI) at 3 levels and the correlation between M-TI and other conventional techniques.Methods: Medical records and thoracic radiographs of healthy bulldogs were investigated. Tracheal luminal diameter (TLD) was measured at the caudal cervical, thoracic inlet, and intrathoracic tracheal regions on right lateral thoracic view. The absolute and average TLDs were standardized by the manubrium length (ML), thoracic inlet distance (Ti-D), and proximal third rib width to calculate M-TI, thoracic inlet tracheal index (Ti-TI), and proximal rib3 tracheal score (PR3-TS), respectively. Correlations between averaged tracheal diameter and each of ML, Ti-D, and proximal third rib width and between M-TI and each of Ti-TI and PR3-TS were evaluated.Results: 100 healthy French (n = 34), English (n = 33), and American (n = 33) Bulldogs met the inclusion criteria. The narrowest tracheal diameter was identified at the thoracic inlet, which was significantly narrower than both the caudal cervical and intrathoracic tracheal regions. There was no significant difference between the caudal cervical and intrathoracic tracheal regions. Strong, positive, linear correlations were identified between TLD and each normalizing parameter (ie, ML, Ti-D, and PR3-TS). Weak-to-moderate correlations were identified between the 3 procedures (ie, M-TI, Ti-TI, and PR3-TS).Conclusions: M-TI could be an alternative to Ti-TI and PR3-TS for monitoring TLD in bulldogs. Therefore, future screening for tracheal hypoplasia is recommended using M-TI.Clinical relevance: Bulldogs with M-TI < 0.29 at the thoracic inlet trachea and < 0.33 at the caudal cervical and intrathoracic trachea (average M-TI < 0.32) may have tracheal hypoplasia. However, further assessments of diseased bulldogs and the repeatability of measurements are still warranted.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal antinociceptive effects after intramuscular administration of high doses of hydromorphone in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). 高剂量氢吗啡酮肌肉注射对荷兰凤尾虾热抗伤感受的影响。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0076

Alexis Durant, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Hugues Beaufrère

{"title":"Thermal antinociceptive effects after intramuscular administration of high doses of hydromorphone in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).","authors":"Alexis Durant, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Hugues Beaufrère","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0076","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the thermal antinociceptive effects of hydromorphone hydrochloride administered IM to cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) at higher doses than previously reported.Methods: 12 adult cockatiels received hydromorphone IM at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg and an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment) in a masked, randomized, within-subjects complete crossover study. The thermal foot withdrawal threshold (TFWT) was determined at baseline as well as 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours postinjection. Agitation-sedation scores were also evaluated at each time point prior to delivery of thermal stimulus. The changes in TFWT compared to baseline as well as agitation-sedation scores prior to each TFWT were compared among treatments over time.Results: 1 bird died during the study for unrelated causes. Hydromorphone at both doses (1 and 2 mg/kg) had a significant difference in foot withdrawal threshold from baseline when compared to the control at the 3-hour postinjection time point. Hydromorphone at 1 mg/kg significantly decreased odds of a bird having higher agitation scores (proportional OR of increase in agitation score of 1, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.96).Conclusions: Hydromorphone administered IM at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg had a small but significant thermal antinociceptive effect in cockatiels at 3 hours after drug administration. Hydromorphone at 1 mg/kg demonstrated evidence of mild sedative effects.Clinical relevance: This study provides evidence that hydromorphone may provide analgesic effects when administered to cockatiels at doses higher than those evaluated in prior studies. Further studies with other types of noxious stimuli, routes of administration, and testing time points are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of hydromorphone in cockatiels.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An experimental radiographic study on the changes of stifle and tarsal joint angles related to passive hip joint movements in anesthetized Beagles. 麻醉比格犬被动髋关节运动后膝关节和跗骨关节角度变化的实验x线研究。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0067

Linjing Kong, Sawako Murakami, Yasuji Harada, Yasushi Hara

{"title":"An experimental radiographic study on the changes of stifle and tarsal joint angles related to passive hip joint movements in anesthetized Beagles.","authors":"Linjing Kong, Sawako Murakami, Yasuji Harada, Yasushi Hara","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0067","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the relationships between hindlimb joints angles under the passive movement of hip joints within a relatively wide range of motion in anesthetized Beagles.Methods: 9 hindlimbs of 5 clinically normal adult Beagles were included from September 2022 through August 2023. The tested hindlimb was positioned horizontally, with the dog under general anesthesia and muscle relaxation. Unforced angle (UA; when the paw was unforced), forced angle range (FAR; when the paw was under constant pushing/pulling force), and UA range (UAR; when the forces applied to the paw had been withdrawn) of the stifle and tarsal joints were evaluated using radiographic analysis while the hip joint angle was passively adjusted from 70° to 170°. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between hip, stifle, and tarsal joint angles.Results: Significantly strong linear relationships (adjusted R2 > 0.7) were found for hip-stifle and hip-tarsal in UA, UAR, and when the paw was pushed with the hip joint angle exceeding 120° (FAR-push > 120°). The FAR of stifle and tarsal joints changed with the hip joint angle. Additionally, significantly strong linear relationships (adjusted R2 > 0.85) were found for stifle-tarsal in UA, UAR, and when a constant push force was applied on the paw (FAR-push).Conclusions: This research revealed the linear relationships between canine hindlimb joint angles in the sagittal plane under specific circumstances as well as the narrowing of the FAR of stifle and tarsal joints when hip joint angle exceeds 120°.Clinical relevance: The findings on linkage mechanism-related relationships in hindlimb joints angles from this research may contribute to a better understanding of orthopedic and rehabilitation practices.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for canine cognitive dysfunction. 犬认知功能障碍的诊断与治疗策略研究进展。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0053

Sang Hyun Kim, Jijun Hao

{"title":"Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for canine cognitive dysfunction.","authors":"Sang Hyun Kim, Jijun Hao","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0053","url":null,"abstract":"Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder among geriatric dogs, characterized by disorientation, interaction changes, sleep-wake cycle disturbances, house soiling, activity level changes, and anxiety. Canine cognitive dysfunction is currently underdiagnosed due to the lack of an objective and reliable diagnostic tool, and treatment options are severely limited. Importantly, CCD shares common pathological hallmarks of human Alzheimer disease, such as β-amyloid accumulation, τ protein phosphorylation, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation. β-Amyloid deposits in Alzheimer disease and CCD appear in 2 main forms: extracellular amyloid plaques, which disrupt synaptic function and contribute to neurotoxicity, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, where β-amyloid accumulates in the walls of cerebral blood vessels. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy leads to vascular dysfunction, chronic hypoxia, microhemorrhages, and neuroinflammation, further exacerbating cognitive decline. Research into these shared pathologies offers potential therapeutic targets that could benefit both canine and human patients suffering from these neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, we review the latest understanding of CCD pathology and discuss new advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic options as well as the outlook of the CCD disorder.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression does not differ between canine urothelial carcinoma and normal urinary bladder tissue. 缺氧诱导因子1α在犬尿路上皮癌和正常膀胱组织中的表达无差异。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学

American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Print Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0391

Nicole H Gibbs, Mario F Sola, Deepika Dhawan, Deborah Knapp, J D Foster, Allison Kendall, George E Moore, Andrew Woolcock

{"title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression does not differ between canine urothelial carcinoma and normal urinary bladder tissue.","authors":"Nicole H Gibbs, Mario F Sola, Deepika Dhawan, Deborah Knapp, J D Foster, Allison Kendall, George E Moore, Andrew Woolcock","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0391","DOIUrl":"10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0391","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the RNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) compared to normal canine urinary bladder tissue.Methods: Dogs with normal urinary bladder tissue were enrolled at the time of euthanasia with the tissue obtained via necropsy within 1 hour after death. The high-grade UC tissue was collected via necropsy or cystoscopically utilizing a resectoscope. Dogs in the UC group were excluded if they were treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to tissue collection. Immunohistochemistry was performed on all tissues to evaluate intracytoplasmic and intranuclear immunoreactivity of HIF-1α using a semiquantitative immunoreactivity score (IRS). Ribonucleic acid sequencing was also performed to evaluate the expression of HIF-1α in normal urinary bladders and canine UC.Results: 10 dogs with high-grade UC and 10 dogs with normal urinary bladder tissue were enrolled. The median intracytoplasmic HIF-1α in the UC group was mild in intensity with a low percentage of positive cells (median IRS, 1; range, 0 to 2). The control dogs had similar intracytoplasmic HIF-1α expression (median IRS, 1; range, 0 to 1). The difference in RNA expression of HIF-1α between groups was not significant (1.3-fold change).Conclusions: This study did not identify any differential RNA or protein expression of HIF-1α between normal urinary bladder tissue and UC in dogs.Clinical relevance: HIF-1α is not differentially expressed in canine UC, but further exploration is necessary to evaluate if other proteins associated with hypoxia and angiogenesis could play a role in tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance in canine UC.","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0