Characteristics and case fatality factors of atypical canine infectious respiratory disease: an observational survey using dog owners' data in the United States.
{"title":"Characteristics and case fatality factors of atypical canine infectious respiratory disease: an observational survey using dog owners' data in the United States.","authors":"Mahamudul Hasan, Tracy A Romano, Laura C Miller","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0133","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the characteristics and factors associated with case fatality in atypical canine infectious respiratory disease (aCIRD) in the US, which presents unique clinical challenges, unexpected frequency of death, and limited antibiotic effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational study from November 2023 to January 2024 using an online survey distributed via snowball sampling, starting in a Facebook group with 56,000 members tracking aCIRD. The study included US dog owners whose pets had persistent respiratory illness diagnosed as suspected aCIRD by a licensed veterinarian. Responses were excluded if these criteria were unmet. Eligible responses were analyzed using descriptive, univariable, and multivariable methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 415 responses, the Southeast had the highest case rate (26.3%), and the Southwest had the lowest (9.4%). Case fatality ranged from 6.7% (Northeast) to 17.9% (Southwest). Dogs under 5 years were most affected (41.3% to 56.8%) across regions. Home exposure was most common in the Southeast (27.5%), and boarding facilities were most common in the Southwest (18.8%). Doxycycline was the most used treatment (30.8% to 50.0%), and single vaccine coverage (Bordetella/influenza) was the highest (35.1% to 48.7%). Multivariable analysis showed that clinical signs, such as lethargy, fever, difficult breathing, and sneezing, were associated with 8.06 times higher odds of death (95% CI, 2.4 to 26.6) compared to coughing, vomiting, lethargy, fever, nasal discharge, and difficult breathing. Other factors showed no significant association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a broad overview of aCIRD, supporting future research on pathogen detection and treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Veterinarians should monitor for lethargy, fever, difficult breathing, and sneezing as indicators of poor prognosis in dogs with aCIRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0133","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the characteristics and factors associated with case fatality in atypical canine infectious respiratory disease (aCIRD) in the US, which presents unique clinical challenges, unexpected frequency of death, and limited antibiotic effectiveness.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study from November 2023 to January 2024 using an online survey distributed via snowball sampling, starting in a Facebook group with 56,000 members tracking aCIRD. The study included US dog owners whose pets had persistent respiratory illness diagnosed as suspected aCIRD by a licensed veterinarian. Responses were excluded if these criteria were unmet. Eligible responses were analyzed using descriptive, univariable, and multivariable methods.
Results: Among 415 responses, the Southeast had the highest case rate (26.3%), and the Southwest had the lowest (9.4%). Case fatality ranged from 6.7% (Northeast) to 17.9% (Southwest). Dogs under 5 years were most affected (41.3% to 56.8%) across regions. Home exposure was most common in the Southeast (27.5%), and boarding facilities were most common in the Southwest (18.8%). Doxycycline was the most used treatment (30.8% to 50.0%), and single vaccine coverage (Bordetella/influenza) was the highest (35.1% to 48.7%). Multivariable analysis showed that clinical signs, such as lethargy, fever, difficult breathing, and sneezing, were associated with 8.06 times higher odds of death (95% CI, 2.4 to 26.6) compared to coughing, vomiting, lethargy, fever, nasal discharge, and difficult breathing. Other factors showed no significant association.
Conclusions: This study provides a broad overview of aCIRD, supporting future research on pathogen detection and treatment.
Clinical relevance: Veterinarians should monitor for lethargy, fever, difficult breathing, and sneezing as indicators of poor prognosis in dogs with aCIRD.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
