Lisa F Shubitz, Daniel A Powell, Christine D Butkiewicz, Jeffrey A Frelinger, John N Galgiani
{"title":"Recall interferon-γ responses against Coccidioides are a surrogate marker for vaccine response in dogs.","authors":"Lisa F Shubitz, Daniel A Powell, Christine D Butkiewicz, Jeffrey A Frelinger, John N Galgiani","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0119","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop an interferon γ (IFN-γ) recall assay to detect a T-cell response following vaccination because antibody is seldom detected in Δcps1-vaccinated dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from naturally infected dogs with a history of coccidioidomycosis or dogs from a nonendemic area. Two- to 5-month-old Beagles were vaccinated 2 to 4 times up to 28 days apart with live, avirulent Δcps1 and bled on study days 42, 68, or 90. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Δcps1 and stained to detect CD4+ T-cell IFN-γ expression. The percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells compared to unstimulated baseline was calculated for each dog.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 5 naturally infected dogs with coccidioidomycosis had T-cell IFN-γ responses, and the 2 unexposed nonendemic dogs did not. Fourteen of 15 dogs vaccinated with Δcps1 had recall IFN-γ responses. Subcutaneously vaccinated dogs (n = 5) had a mean 1.85-fold increase in IFN-γ over baseline, whereas IM-vaccinated dogs (n = 10) were a mean of 6- to 10-fold higher. The percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+ cells was higher from restimulated cells compared to baseline in both SC- and IM-vaccinated dogs (SC twice [n = 5]: 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.543; IM twice [n = 5]: 95% CI, 0.9734 to 1.948; IM 4 times [n = 5]: 95% CI, 1.207 to 5.083).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The T-cell IFN-γ recall assay of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated dogs detects a cell-mediated immune response to the Δcps1 vaccine.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This assay has potential utility as a surrogate marker for vaccine-induced immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.04.0119","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To develop an interferon γ (IFN-γ) recall assay to detect a T-cell response following vaccination because antibody is seldom detected in Δcps1-vaccinated dogs.
Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from naturally infected dogs with a history of coccidioidomycosis or dogs from a nonendemic area. Two- to 5-month-old Beagles were vaccinated 2 to 4 times up to 28 days apart with live, avirulent Δcps1 and bled on study days 42, 68, or 90. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Δcps1 and stained to detect CD4+ T-cell IFN-γ expression. The percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells compared to unstimulated baseline was calculated for each dog.
Results: All 5 naturally infected dogs with coccidioidomycosis had T-cell IFN-γ responses, and the 2 unexposed nonendemic dogs did not. Fourteen of 15 dogs vaccinated with Δcps1 had recall IFN-γ responses. Subcutaneously vaccinated dogs (n = 5) had a mean 1.85-fold increase in IFN-γ over baseline, whereas IM-vaccinated dogs (n = 10) were a mean of 6- to 10-fold higher. The percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+ cells was higher from restimulated cells compared to baseline in both SC- and IM-vaccinated dogs (SC twice [n = 5]: 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.543; IM twice [n = 5]: 95% CI, 0.9734 to 1.948; IM 4 times [n = 5]: 95% CI, 1.207 to 5.083).
Conclusions: The T-cell IFN-γ recall assay of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated dogs detects a cell-mediated immune response to the Δcps1 vaccine.
Clinical relevance: This assay has potential utility as a surrogate marker for vaccine-induced immunity.
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.