{"title":"Practical application-focused online V-I curve monitoring system for power semiconductor devices","authors":"Yandagkhuu Bayarsaikhan, Ichiro Omura","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As reliability is growing critical in power electronics systems, preventive maintenance for power semiconductor devices is crucial for extending system lifespan and improving robustness. However, conventional time-based maintenance often increases operational costs and unexpected downtime due to significant variation and uncertainty in the power semiconductor device's lifetime. In contrast, condition-based maintenance offers an optimized supervision scheme based on real-time health monitoring, reducing unnecessary costs and increasing overall system reliability.</div><div>This paper presents a practical, non-intrusive, online condition monitoring system for detecting degradations in power semiconductor devices. The developed V-I curve monitoring system accurately measures <em>V</em><sub>CE(SAT)</sub>-<em>I</em><sub>C</sub> curves for IGBT and <em>V</em><sub>F</sub>-<em>I</em><sub>F</sub> curves for power diode during the normal operation of a full-bridge inverter. A novel conduction current (<em>I</em><sub>C</sub>) sensing method based on a low-cost, tiny PCB sensor and a two-stage integrator was proposed. On-state voltage (<em>V</em><sub>ON</sub>) is measured by a diode-based circuit, and case temperature (<em>T</em><sub>C</sub>) is sensed by a thermocouple. Real-time <em>V</em><sub>ON</sub>-<em>I</em><sub>C</sub>-<em>T</em><sub>C</sub> samples are captured simultaneously with 16-bit ADCs of the microcontroller and stored in the SD card. Acquired V-I curve data is analyzed using two statistical approaches to detect bond wire and solder layer degradations. Both the residual-based fit model and the multivariate T<sup>2</sup> outlier methods successfully detected abnormal conditions, and comparisons are made for these two approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonas Pfeiffer, Manfred Wohlstreicher, Philemon Wrensch, Michael Schmidhuber
{"title":"Volume reduction of magnetic components in DC/DC converters for fuel cell vehicles","authors":"Jonas Pfeiffer, Manfred Wohlstreicher, Philemon Wrensch, Michael Schmidhuber","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In power electronic converter systems, the magnetic components are often the bulkiest and heaviest components. This is particularly disadvantageous in automotive applications, where volume, weight and costs are particularly important. Customized core geometries are a promising option to significantly reduce the volume of magnetic components compared to the use of standard core geometries.</div><div>In this paper, customized magnetic components for an eightfold interleaved boost converter for fuel cell vehicles are presented. The customized core geometries are compared to an equivalent stacked standard core design in terms of enveloping volume and total losses.</div><div>In addition, further possibilities for improvement in the form of customized coupled inductors that replace the discrete components are shown and discussed.</div><div>The investigations show that the coupled design leads to a volume reduction of circa 68 % in combination with a reduction in total losses of circa 38 % compared to the stacked standard core design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ludovic Roche , David Trémouilles , Emmanuel Marcault , Corinne Alonso
{"title":"Static vs. dynamic characterization of p-GaN HEMTs: Discrepancies in electrical characteristics and their dependence on bias history","authors":"Ludovic Roche , David Trémouilles , Emmanuel Marcault , Corinne Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quasi-static electrical characteristics of p-GaN HEMTs fluctuate with bias history. This study evidences that dynamic operation is fortunately highly reproducible without pre-conditioning. The original experimental setup highlights that quasi-static data alone is insufficient for modeling dynamic behavior, while allowing precise detection of discrepancies, enabling improved transient modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongchao Sun , Wendi Guo , Masaki Takahashi , Angel Pena Quintal , Pearl Agyakwa , Paul Evans , Ke Li , Stig Munk-Nielsen , Asger Bjørn Jørgensen
{"title":"A digital twin for predicting the solder degradation lifetime of a GaN eHEMT integrated power module under power cycling conditions","authors":"Zhongchao Sun , Wendi Guo , Masaki Takahashi , Angel Pena Quintal , Pearl Agyakwa , Paul Evans , Ke Li , Stig Munk-Nielsen , Asger Bjørn Jørgensen","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel packaging designs eliminate bond wires in GaN eHEMTs power modules for high-frequency applications, making solders another critical packaging failure point due to thermomechanical fatigue. This study presents a digital twin (DT) to predict the power module lifetime by considering solder degradation in power cycling (PC) tests. An in-house PC test with direct temperature measurement followed by an industrial PC test for DT validation was conducted. The power module failed when the junction temperature swing increased by 20%, caused by solder degradation coupled with device self-heating effects. The digital modeling process addressed the multiphysics and multiscale challenges, wherein the electrothermal simulation demonstrates the coupling model effectively captures the power loss increment phenomenon, while also considering different time scales in two domains. By embedding temperature-dependent power loss into the thermomechanical model, replacing the physical device model with a reduced order lumped thermal network, and modeling the thin PCB features as layers, the DT’s computational speed improved over 20 times. A model decomposition method extracted the viscoplastic dissipation density, which is incorporated into Morrow’s Model to predict power module lifetime by transforming failure criteria into a failure threshold for solder degradation ratio. The DT’s applicability and fidelity were validated experimentally, demonstrating a lifetime prediction error of 1.07% and a post-failure junction temperature prediction deviation of 4.4%. The DT offers insights into solder behavior during PC unattainable through direct measurement and servers as a valuable tool for GaN packaging design, facilitating PC performance optimization while minimizing time and cost-intensive prototype fabrication and testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Hein, Maximilian Goller, Gengqi Li, Marius Lößner, Josef Lutz, Thomas Basler
{"title":"Investigation on the high temperature behaviour of p-GaN HEMTs by different temperature sensitive electrical parameters","authors":"Lukas Hein, Maximilian Goller, Gengqi Li, Marius Lößner, Josef Lutz, Thomas Basler","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to recent improvements and technical advantages in applications with high switching frequencies, research is increasingly focusing on GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). An accurate temperature determination is thereby of particular importance to give precise lifetime estimations and define safe operation areas. This work investigates on the temperature estimation by means of the temperature sensitive electrical parameters (TSEPs) <em>R</em><sub>DS,on</sub> (<em>T</em>) and <em>V</em><sub>GS</sub> (<em>T</em>) of GIT-type transistors, supported by an IR-camera. Several <em>Z</em><sub>th</sub> characteristics were measured, whereby the temperature estimation with <em>V</em><sub>GS</sub> (<em>T</em>) appears to be superior. Furthermore, the investigation includes static and dynamic characterization as well as power cycling tests (PCT) with switching losses at high temperature above the datasheet limit of 150°C. The device operates stable and reliable at a junction temperature of 175°C in the PCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tien Anh Nguyen , Pierre-Yves Joubert , Stéphane Lefebvre , Laurent Dupont , Denis Labrousse , Gérard Chaplier , Mickael Petit , François Costa
{"title":"Magnetic field measurement for contactless current sensing in power electronic converters","authors":"Tien Anh Nguyen , Pierre-Yves Joubert , Stéphane Lefebvre , Laurent Dupont , Denis Labrousse , Gérard Chaplier , Mickael Petit , François Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current sensing plays an important role in power electronics, for both protection and control of power electronic converters. This paper proposes an approach for detecting short-circuit (SC) events through the measurement of the magnetic field radiated by power converters. Two magnetic field sensor technologies (AMR sensor and induction coil) were evaluated. The induction coil system achieves a frequency bandwidth of 20 MHz with simple signal conditioning, whereas the AMR system is limited to about 1 MHz and requires more complex electronic conditioning. Magnetic field mapping over the printed circuit board (PCB) was performed to identify favorable positions for SC detection. Contactless current sensing was then evaluated on an EPC evaluation board based on GaN transistors. The results demonstrate that induction coil is a promising solution, not only for SC event detection but also for contactless current measurement in power converters. This work contributes to the development of integrated contactless current sensors for power converters or for intelligent gate drivers with SC or overcurrent protection integrated, especially dedicated to wide-bandgap devices such as GaN and SiC transistors, which often exhibit lower SC robustness compared to silicon devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian Klötzer , Jim Honea , Nils Duchow , Georgii Iashin
{"title":"Gigahertz, low-cost current shunt with retrofitting capability for characterization of fast-switching GaN devices","authors":"Sebastian Klötzer , Jim Honea , Nils Duchow , Georgii Iashin","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A low-cost current shunt based on a flexible polyimide printed circuit board (PCB) design is proposed in this article. With its low insertion inductance in the range of 300<!--> <!-->pH and bandwidth in excess of 1<!--> <!-->GHz, the design is well suited for characterization of very fast GaN devices. The thin layer-stack and bendability of the proposed sensor enables retrofitting into many existing designs that were not specifically prepared for current measurement. The ability to add and remove the sensors at different locations can significantly enhance investigations, e.g. when paralleling devices or during troubleshooting. Having the ability to retrofit a current sensor into low inductance commutation loops, even in fast GaN FET designs consisting solely of SMD devices, can be an alternative to designing specific PCBs just for switching characterization and can help to save time and resources in benchmarking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralf Siemieniec, Martin Wattenberg, Ertugrul Kocaaga, Sriram Jagannath, Elvir Kahrimanovic, Jyotshna Bhandari, Heejae Shim, Alberto Pignatelli
{"title":"400V SiC MOSFET empowering three-level topologies for highly efficient applications from motor-drives to AI","authors":"Ralf Siemieniec, Martin Wattenberg, Ertugrul Kocaaga, Sriram Jagannath, Elvir Kahrimanovic, Jyotshna Bhandari, Heejae Shim, Alberto Pignatelli","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of 400 V SiC MOSFET technology bridges the voltage range gap between 200 V medium-voltage MOSFETs and 600 V super-junction MOSFETs. This technology is characterized by low switching losses and low on-state resistance, making it suitable for 2-level topologies in 120 VAC or 300 VDC systems or 3-level topologies with typical input voltages ranging from 180 VAC to 350 VAC or 400 VDC to 600 VDC.</div><div>The technology concept is presented, and its efficiency and power density gains are demonstrated through measurements on test boards representing a 3-level ANPC general purpose inverter and a 3-level FC PFC for highly-efficient power supplies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Tarczewski , Hubert Lisinski , Lech M. Grzesiak
{"title":"Performance analysis of PMSM servo-drive with state feedback and hybrid position controllers","authors":"Tomasz Tarczewski , Hubert Lisinski , Lech M. Grzesiak","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance operation of servo-drive with permanent magnet synchro-nous motor (PMSM) is required in many industrial applications, including robotics, machines, and, recently, aircraft components. Complex control structures are necessary to meet the specific requirements of these applications. In this paper, two control structures developed for the position control of the PMSM servo-drive are presented. The state feedback control (SFC) structure augmented by state variables’ limitation and load torque compensation is presented and compared with a hybrid control structure (HSC) where the inner current control loop exists. An experimental evaluation of both control schemes regarding dynamic properties, disturbance compensation, computational complexity, and robustness against the moment of inertia changes is included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo Drummond , Bernardo Cougo , Duc-Hoan Tran , Gregory Almeida , Sébastien Serpaud , Victor Dos Santos , Lenin M.F. Morais
{"title":"Design optimization of integrated CM/DM inductors for power drive input filter","authors":"Rodrigo Drummond , Bernardo Cougo , Duc-Hoan Tran , Gregory Almeida , Sébastien Serpaud , Victor Dos Santos , Lenin M.F. Morais","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More electric aircraft face many challenges related to the weight and losses of power quality and EMI filters. A solution to reduce weight and losses is integrating the Differential Mode (DM) and Common Mode (CM) inductances of filters in the same component. This integration can be accomplished by adding extra magnetic paths and windings to a CM choke to increase its leakage inductance further. This paper proposes a design optimization of an integrated CM/DM inductor for EMI input filters of Power Drive Systems used in more electric aircraft. The integrated solution is then compared to an optimized discrete solution, showing potential reductions of 20% in weight and 14% in losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}