Bowen Zhang , Shi Chen , Guo-Quan. Lu , Yun-Hui. Mei
{"title":"Reliability Behavior of A Resin-Free Nanosilver Paste at Ultra-Low Temperature of 180°C","authors":"Bowen Zhang , Shi Chen , Guo-Quan. Lu , Yun-Hui. Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, excellent thermo-mechanical reliability of resin-free silver sintering for large-area (20 × 20 mm<sup>2</sup>) bonding was successfully achieved by using a trimodal particle system composed of nano-, submicron-, and micron-sized Ag particles. After 1000 cycles of the thermal shock (TS) test, the transient thermal impedance (<em>Z</em><sub>th</sub>) increase of the proposed resin-free silver paste sintered at 180°C under 2 MPa and 5 MPa is only 5.8% and 6.1%, respectively. Due to the avoidance of resin degradation, the obtained resin-free silver paste as-sintered under 5 MPa exhibt outstanding shear strength (>12.5 MPa) even after 1000 cycles TS test. The obtained cross-sectional microstructure can confirms the excellent thermo-mechanical reliability of the sintered resin-free silver paste, which exhibits a denser and more homogeneous bonding layer with a porosity as low as 12.5%. Furthermore, distinct indications of plastic flow can be observed on the fracture surfaces of corresponding joints before and after aging, which further confirm the superiority of proposed resin-free sintering method. The development of novel resin-free silver paste successfully promotes the thermo-mechanical reliability of silicon carbide (SiC) power devices at a low processing temperature of 180°C, and greatly benefits the practical application of SiC power devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370422000116/pdfft?md5=9130e3a3dd989bf628bfe74e34bab39d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370422000116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46184658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Long-term Reliability of Silver Sintered Press-Pack IGBT Modules","authors":"Renkuan Liu, Hui Li, Ran Yao, Xiao Wang, Hongtao Tan, Wei Lai, Yue Yu, Zheyan Zhu, Bailing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Owing to the advantages of short-circuit failure mode, double-sided heat dissipation, and low thermal resistance, press-pack insulated gate bipolar transistors (PP-IGBTs) are widely used in high-power-density applications, such as high-voltage direct-current converters. As the core device of large-capacity power equipment, the reliability of a PP-IGBT is directly related to the security of the power system. In recent years, a silver-sintered package has been proposed to improve the electro-thermal performance of PP-IGBTs. However, the long-term reliability of this package has not been proven. In response to this problem, 3300-V/50-A silver-sintered PP-IGBT (SPP-IGBT) modules are used in long-reliability research. First, electro-thermal-stress finite-element models of PP-IGBTs and SPP-IGBTs were proposed and the accuracy of models verified by experiments. Through a simulation comparison, the results show that under the rated operating conditions, the on-voltage and maximum temperature of SPP-IGBTs dropped by 9.3% and 3.7%, respectively. In addition, the temperature and stress of each component were reduced, among which the surface stress of the IGBT chip emitter dropped by as much as 24.7%. Subsequently, a power-cycle test platform was established, and three PP-IGBTs and three SPP-IGBTs were tested. Finally, the experimental results were compared and analyzed, and the reasons for the sharp increase of on-voltage and metal melt were explored. The results show that the silver-sintered package improves the electrical-thermal performance and long-term reliability of the module.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370422000098/pdfft?md5=aca55048c51a157d66b0a00354cfefc3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370422000098-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48929832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Switching waveform design with gate charge control for power MOSFETs","authors":"Hirotaka Oomori, Ichiro Omura","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The switching waveform design, especially controlling and optimizing the slew rate, is an efficient technique to mitigate the trade-off between decreasing the loss and increasing the noise of the switching power device. The digital active gate driver which generates the gate waveform to achieve the designed switching waveform requires a significant computational burden because the optimum driving point is searched automatically and comprehensively. This paper proposes a novel and simple method to calculate gate waveforms to achieve the designed switching waveforms. This method calculates how much gate charge is additionally required to match the designed waveform by exploiting the voltage and current response of the power device to the small gate charge pulse. The validation of this method is demonstrated by simulation in the case of both the drain-source voltage design and the drain current design. The deviation from the designed waveform is quantified in this paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370422000153/pdfft?md5=b83dd185ca87b3991d4b9846e79cd436&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370422000153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A detailed study of Qdc of 3D micro air-core inductors for integrated power supplies: Power supply in package (PSiP) and power supply on chip (PSoC)","authors":"Chandra Shetty","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the impact of design parameters such as the number of turns, pitch, height, conductor dimensions, etc., on the dc ratio of inductance to resistance <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> (also known as dc quality factor <span><math><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) of 3D micro air-core inductors. We consider two well-known traditional inductors for the illustration: the toroid and the solenoid. We evaluate the performance of these inductors with respect to <span><math><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> over a wide range of design parameters. To demonstrate our research findings, we have implemented the solenoid and toroid inductors on a PCB of size 5 mm <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 5 mm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370422000037/pdfft?md5=4c258942c26f193cd72a52bfbf04f00f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370422000037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136554238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martijn Deckers , Simon Ravyts , Mauricio Dalla Vecchia , Urmimala Chatterjee , Johan Driesen
{"title":"Comparison of GaN Enhancement Mode Transistor Performance With Integrated and External Driver","authors":"Martijn Deckers , Simon Ravyts , Mauricio Dalla Vecchia , Urmimala Chatterjee , Johan Driesen","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>GaN components allow to reduce power losses as the lower specific on-resistance and higher switching speeds reduce both the conduction and switching loss. However, parasitics in the gate loop cause ringing which endangers the component. To counteract these problems the switching speed is lowered renouncing part of the components superior performance. A possible way to avoid gate loop parasitics and make circuit design less challenging is integrating the driver in the same package with the GaN transistor. In this paper the performance of an integrated driver with enhancement mode GaN half-bridge that is monolithically integrated using IMEC GaN-on-SOI will be tested in a synchronous boost converter setup. Converter efficiency and switching waveforms will be reported together with a comparison to a GaN half-bridge with external drivers. The converter is tested at input voltages up to 50 V and powers up to 100 W. Package temperature measurements are included to estimate the influence of the temperature dependent on-resistance on the results. At the end of the paper, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantify the behaviour of the losses in function of different input parameters including a measurement at switching frequencies up to 1MHz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370422000013/pdfft?md5=61b101ffdc4a77fe382d6039913e7891&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370422000013-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44212977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of the Pillar Ripple on the Reverse Recovery in Superjunction MOSFETs","authors":"H. Kang , N. Donato , F. Udrea","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fast <em>dI</em>/<em>dt</em> and oscillations often are the causes of failure during the reverse-recovery of superjunction MOSFETs. These issues become more prominent with shrinking the pitch size of the superjunction in an attempt to improve the overall performance from one generation to the next. This study suggests a possible solution to deal with the snappiness of the body diode by controlling the pillar's ripple. Different superjunction devices having different ripples, are compared during the reverse conduction to understand the effect of the ripple on the reverse recovery characteristics and in particular on the body diode softness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370422000062/pdfft?md5=d1a0b655aabdca50730c55a6229db856&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370422000062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136554530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choice of control function in magnetically-coupled full bridge DC-DC power controller for arc welding: A Practical Approach","authors":"Arun Kumar Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a full bridge DC-DC converter (FBDC) the transformer is a major component for controlled power delivery to secondary side isolated DC loads. Its excitation characteristics is nonlinear and it suffers from a serious problem called magnetic saturation. The power loss in it and also in power switching devices connected at its primary are calculated based on the assumption that the DC flux in core is considered zero. Inverter topology often influences the parametric design of transformer. This article elaborates, with detailed practical validation, that the transformer could influence on choice of suitable control function and its gain values. For that, two popular control functions i.e., proportional plus integral (PI) and second order sliding mode control (SOSMC) would be elaborated here. The approach of controller design for PI and SOSMC is different. Collective approach of gain selection in PI results conservative values of its two gains. On the other hand, two gains in SOSMC are purely based on worst-case process behavior, value of each gain is large. For compatibility study of both control functions in FBDC, nonlinear, extremely dynamic, wide range and diverse arc welding process would be considered as load. Experimental results suggests that SOSMC generates superior control performance in terms of robustness features and control response. Still, as this article further establishes with requisite practical validations, that non-linear magnetic circuit could act as a hindrance for effective utilization of capacity of FBDC based on high-gain fractional order SOSMC function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370422000025/pdfft?md5=5cc12504c00e9783adb5dc51af3ace9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370422000025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48878205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of linear cell 4H-SiC power JBSFETs: Impact of N+ source contact resistance","authors":"Aditi Agarwal, B. Jayant Baliga","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2022.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SiC JBSFETs are fabricated using low contact anneal temperature to simultaneously form the ohmic contact to the N<sup>+</sup> source region and a Schottky contact at the JBS diode. It is demonstrated in this paper that a larger N<sup>+</sup> source contact width can substantially improve the on-resistance and figures-of-merit of SiC power JBSFETs.</p><p>The analysis, using analytical models supported by TCAD simulations and experimental data, was performed for JBSFETs with three blocking voltage ratings of 600 V, 1200 V, and 1700 V. For a specific contact resistance of 0.8 mΩ-cm<sup>2</sup>, it was found that the JBSFET specific on-resistance can be reduced by ∼25% by using an optimum N<sup>+</sup> source contact width of 3 µm, rather than the conventional 1 µm, for all blocking voltages. The modelling demonstrated a monotonic reduction in the gate-drain capacitance and charge with increase in the N<sup>+</sup> source contact width. A reduction of these parameters by 33% was observed when the N<sup>+</sup> source contact width was increased to the optimum 3 µm value. Consequently, the high frequency figures-of-merit for the JBSFETs improved by a remarkable 65% with the optimized N<sup>+</sup> source contact width of 3 µm compared with the conventional design of 1 µm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370422000050/pdfft?md5=a37c1c43170c8f36a60dcb55b3cbb220&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370422000050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46424395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power electronic devices and components, the heart of energy management","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pedc.2021.100003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedc.2021.100003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74483,"journal":{"name":"Power electronic devices and components","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772370421000031/pdfft?md5=3248727b44e4b3ac4c78277fd6f78f63&pid=1-s2.0-S2772370421000031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44981018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}