{"title":"The force awakens in mechanomedicine","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00413-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00413-x","url":null,"abstract":"Once largely a basic science discipline, mechanobiology has evolved into the field of mechanomedicine, shaping new approaches to disease detection, targeted therapies and tissue repair.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 3","pages":"205-205"},"PeriodicalIF":37.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44222-026-00413-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The importance of particle shape in drug delivery","authors":"Matteo Tollemeto, Twan Lammers","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00429-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00429-3","url":null,"abstract":"Shape is often overlooked in the optimization of drug delivery processes. However, tailoring the external and internal shape of nanoparticles and microparticles may help to improve their accumulation at target sites and therapeutic performance.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 5","pages":"388-390"},"PeriodicalIF":37.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rational design of serum-free media for cultivated meat","authors":"Yin Ying Ho, Sanjay Sivakumar, Ying Swan Ho, Meiyappan Lakshmanan","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00428-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00428-4","url":null,"abstract":"The commercialization of cultivated meat remains limited by the high cost of cell culture medium. Here, we discuss how multi-omics characterization and computational modelling can enable the design of cell line-specific, serum-free medium using valorized sources, offering improved cost-efficiency and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 6","pages":"484-486"},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Portable AI tool helps triage breast cancer risk","authors":"Christine-Maria Horejs","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00426-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00426-6","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment reports the clinical evaluation of JULIETA, a portable, non-invasive, radiation-free device that uses bioimpedance spectroscopy and artificial intelligence to identify electrical tissue patterns associated with potentially malignant breast changes.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 4","pages":"298-298"},"PeriodicalIF":37.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rohan Palanki, William H. Peranteau, Michael J. Mitchell
{"title":"Engineering considerations for paediatric drug delivery","authors":"Rohan Palanki, William H. Peranteau, Michael J. Mitchell","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00418-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00418-6","url":null,"abstract":"Children are a heterogeneous population, and their physiology differs from adults in terms of physical size, body composition, organ development and metabolism; all of which impact the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of administered medications. However, less than 50% of therapeutics are evaluated in paediatric patients, and more than 40% of medications prescribed to children are used off-label. Therefore, there is a critical need to design medicines intentionally for children. Precision therapies for children require constituent biomaterial-based drug delivery systems that are engineered to target distinct microenvironments of paediatric patients. In this Review, we examine the specific anatomy, physiology and immune profiles of paediatric populations. By exploring the biological barriers and opportunities for drug delivery across three developmental stages — fetal (before birth), infant (birth to 23 months) child (2 years to adolescence) — we highlight considerations for the design of biomaterial-based drug delivery systems aimed at advancing translational paediatric medicines. Designing therapeutics for children requires careful consideration of age-dependent anatomy, physiology and immunology. This Review discusses the engineering and optimization of drug delivery systems for paediatric microenvironments to prevent, treat and cure childhood diseases.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 6","pages":"541-558"},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingping Quan (, ), Bonan Sun (, ), Xin Song (, ), Li Zhang (, )
{"title":"Biophysics-informed design of biohybrid microrobots","authors":"Xingping Quan \u0000 (, ), Bonan Sun \u0000 (, ), Xin Song \u0000 (, ), Li Zhang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00416-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00416-8","url":null,"abstract":"Biohybrid microrobots integrate biological components with synthetic structures to navigate complex biological environments, for example, for the delivery of drugs, microsurgery and in vivo diagnostics. In this Review, we propose a biophysics-informed design framework for biohybrid microrobots by connecting biophysical principles with biohybrid solutions. We first identify the biophysical constraints imposed by the human body that limit microrobot integrity, locomotion, navigation and functionality. We then examine the biophysical mechanisms through which biological cells, microorganisms and their derivatives adapt to these challenges, and explore how these can be utilized to improve the performance of microrobots. Building on these insights, we describe how biohybrid microrobots translate biophysical strategies into engineering solutions across four design domains: deformation, actuation, navigation and programming. Finally, we discuss persisting in vivo challenges, key considerations for clinical translation and future developments. By articulating design logics that span biological and synthetic domains, this framework provides a functional definition of biohybrid microrobots and offers a shared language for researchers across disciplines. Biohybrid microrobots combine biological and synthetic components to navigate complex in vivo environments for applications such as drug delivery, microsurgery and diagnostics. This Review introduces a biophysics-informed design framework for biohybrid microrobots that translates natural adaptive strategies into engineering solutions across deformation, actuation, navigation and programming.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 6","pages":"559-579"},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human protein-based biomaterials in preclinical modelling","authors":"Mariana Dias, Catarina A. Custódio, João F. Mano","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00425-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00425-7","url":null,"abstract":"Human protein-based biomaterials facilitate the development of preclinical models that integrate predictive value and ethical responsibility. Metatissue uses decellularized extracellular matrix from placenta samples and human blood to create tunable, xeno-free substrates for 3D cell culture, minimizing the reliance on animal models and accelerating translational research.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 5","pages":"399-400"},"PeriodicalIF":37.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible AI chips","authors":"Sadra Bakhshandeh","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00423-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00423-9","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes FLEXI, a thin, low-cost and highly durable flexible AI chip that boosts computing speed by 27.5× while cutting power use to one-third of that of previous flexible chips.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 3","pages":"215-215"},"PeriodicalIF":37.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang Lu, Cheng Zhang, Xiao-Bing Zhang, Guosheng Song
{"title":"In vivo imaging of gasotransmitters","authors":"Chang Lu, Cheng Zhang, Xiao-Bing Zhang, Guosheng Song","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00417-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00417-7","url":null,"abstract":"Nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide are bona fide gasotransmitters with multifaceted, concentration-dependent actions that are often context specific. In healthy tissues, these gasotransmitters play a role in maintaining homeostasis but, under pathological conditions, the gaseous molecules can have either protective or damaging effects depending on their location and concentration. Investigation of the paradoxical effects of gasotransmitters in vivo is limited by their picomolar-to-micromolar abundance as well as their rapid diffusion and half-lives of seconds to minutes. However, technological advances in fluorescence, photoacoustics, chemiluminescence, afterglow, bioluminescence, magnetic resonance and radionuclide imaging permit real-time visualization of gasotransmitter dynamics in intact organisms. In this Review, we analyse these imaging modalities with a focus on probe chemistry, sensitivity, spatiotemporal resolution and quantitative readouts. By addressing remaining challenges, such as insufficient selectivity in complex redox environments, the requirement for second-level temporal resolution and the scarcity of clinically viable probes, we can evaluate the clinical potential of gasotransmitter imaging. Spatiotemporal maps of nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, developed through the integration of molecular imaging and systems biology, hold promise for illuminating disease mechanisms, informing therapeutic development and advancing the progression toward precision medicine. Gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, are involved in maintaining homeostasis and play multifaceted roles in pathological pathways. This Review discusses imaging techniques that permit real-time in vivo visualization of gasotransmitter dynamics and explores the clinical potential of gasotransmitter imaging.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 7","pages":"653-674"},"PeriodicalIF":42.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lizebona August Ambattu, Lorenzo Moroni, Leslie Y. Yeo
{"title":"A universal membrane-centric mechanotransduction mechanism for vibrationally stimulated cells","authors":"Lizebona August Ambattu, Lorenzo Moroni, Leslie Y. Yeo","doi":"10.1038/s44222-026-00420-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44222-026-00420-y","url":null,"abstract":"Cells can respond to vibrational frequencies beyond physiological frequency ranges, including those in the ultrasonic domain. Independent, standardized experiments that probe mechanotransduction across frequencies and vibration modalities could clarify the underlying mechanisms that enable this broadband responsiveness.","PeriodicalId":74248,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews bioengineering","volume":"4 5","pages":"394-395"},"PeriodicalIF":37.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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