Maedica最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Efficacy and Safety Profile of Vaginal Surgery and Hysteroscopic Electric Resection in the Management of Post-Cesarean Section Isthmocele: a Systematic Review.","authors":"Manali Dande, Neha Lamba, Rashmi Bala Patel","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.325","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study has discussed the increasing prevalence of isthmocele, which is related to growing cesarean sections. It is also due to enhanced diagnostics, which includes transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that significantly affects women's reproductive health and quality of life. Management differs by defect size, from hysteroscopic to laparoscopic repair, which also highlights the necessity for standardized protocols.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>s and objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of vaginal surgery and hysteroscopic electric resection in the management of post-cesarean section isthmocele.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review analyzed the efficacy and safety of vaginal surgery and hysteroscopic electrotomy for managing post-cesarean section isthmocele. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science using terms like \"cesarean scar\", \"isthmocele\" and \"hysteroscopic electrotomy\". We conducted the present review using a PRISMA flowchart, which resulted in the inclusion of eight studies after screening and eligibility assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hysteroscopic method consistently shows a lower risk compared to the vaginal method, with a pooled risk ratio of 0.71 (95% CI 0.59-0.85), indicating statistical significance. Heterogeneity analysis reveals no significant variability among studies (I² = 0%), suggesting consistent results. Additionally, the hysteroscopic group outperforms the vaginal group in efficacy for diverticulum recovery, supporting hysteroscopy as the more effective approach across both outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study has concluded that the hysteroscopic electric resection was safer and more efficient in the management of isthmocele among patients who underwent a cesarean section.</p>","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12347009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruptions in Renal Stone Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Retrospective Single-Center Study.","authors":"Adrian Militaru, Catalin Andrei Bulai, Razvan Dragos Multescu, Cosmin Victor Ene, Mihai Andrei Ene, Cristian Mares, Stefan Balacescu, Dragos Adrian Georgescu, Petrisor Aurelian Geavlete, Bogdan Florin Geavlete","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.243","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated changes in renal stone management during the COVID-19 pandemic in a single center, focusing on treatment methods, patient outcomes and healthcare delivery models.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing patients treated for kidney stones between July-September 2019 (pre-pandemic period) and July-September 2020 (pandemic period). We assessed the number of treated patients, treatment modalities and postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 77 inpatients were analyzed, of whom 50 had been admitted to hospital during the pre-pandemic period and 27 during the pandemic, which represented a 46% decrease in hospitalizations. There were no significant differences in body mass index, average age, stone laterality, size, or location. Serum creatinine levels and positive urine cultures were also comparable between the groups. A trend toward more minimally invasive procedures was observed during the pandemic, with an increased use of flexible ureteroscopy (62% vs . 70.4%) and a decrease in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (12% vs . 7.4%). Operative times and hospital stays were similar across groups. However, the stone-free rate significantly decreased during the pandemic (91.1% vs . 84.07%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted renal stone management, leading to a preference for minimally invasive surgery but a lower stone-free rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"243-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12347054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Complications and Risk of Urosepsis after Flexible Ureteroscopy in a Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitor Population with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.","authors":"Madalina Andreea Munteanu, Camelia Nicolae, George Dragomiristeanu, Anca Lungu, Irina Andrei, Dorin Ionita, Mihai-Catalin Cacoveanu, Alice-Elena Munteanu, Tiberiu Ioan Nanea","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.235","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.235","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Recent guidelines highlight the significant role of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in enhancing the overall condition of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), leading to their widespread use, but recent studies revealed an increased prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated with this medication. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the risk of urosepsis after flexible ureteroscopy with flexible navigable vacuum assisted access sheath in patients diagnosed with renal stone disease who are using SGLT2i for HFrEF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This prospective comparative study included patients who were taking a SGLT2i (dapagliflozin 10 mg per day or empagliflozin 10 mg per day) for HFrEF and underwent flexible ureteroscopy in \"Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele\" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, between 01.01.2021 and 31.12.2024 for renal stone disease. All patients were completely assessed via imaging exam, complete blood count and urine analysis. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients over 18 years old, established documented diagnosis of symptomatic HFrEF (Heart Failure New York Heart Association functional class II-IV), which has been present for at least two months and was optimally treated with pharmacological and/or device therapy, administration of SGLT2i, single-use flexible ureteroscopy, flexible and navigable vacuum-assisted ureteral access sheath (UAS) and the largest stone diameter less than 2 cm. The surgical technique met the same standard according to the recent recommendations of the International Alliance of Urolithiasis guideline on retrograde intrarenal surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Seventy-three patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups, according to previous SGLT2i administration, as follows: Group 1 (patients with SGLT2i) and Group 2 ( non-SGLT2i patients ). After analysing the demographic data, a slightly increased prevalence in female subjects was observed. There were no statistically different results regarding important pre-surgical data, such as mean stone dimension or density (HU), but there were preoperative differences regarding the prevalence of UTIs. After analyzing perioperative parameters such as mean previous JJ stented patients, mean surgical time and mean fluoroscopy time, the findings revealed no statistically significant differences. Regarding the main objective of the study, the present results revealed no differences in overall postoperative complications. There was a small number of postoperative urinary sepsis cases: three patients in Group 1 and two patients in Group 2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Although SGLT2i administration may even increase the risk of developing UTIs, this does not influence the postoperative complications outcome after flexible ureteroscopy for renal stone disease. High-standard equipment such as single-use","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Cognitive Functions among Bilinguals and Multilinguals.","authors":"Medala Kalpana, Roja Katta, Patil Umesh Parag, Saikrishna Tikka, Umesh Madhusudhan, Archana Gaur, Vidya Ganji, Madhuri Taranikanti, Nitin Ashok John, Vasanthkumar Kasturi","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.310","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Language is one of the most fundamental aspects of any society. It is how individuals communicate with one another, form relationships and foster a feeling of community. Language processing is one of the most common, yet complex, tasks we perform regularly. Being multilingual facilitates effective communication and such people are better problem solvers. The benefits of multilingualism extend beyond the capacity to communicate in another language and provide individuals with a broader perspective of the world. This study aims to assess the cognitive functions of bilinguals and multilinguals and to compare the cognitive functions among bilingual and multilingual individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nearly 115 members were screened for anemia, thyroid abnormalities, diabetes mellitus and other electrolyte imbalances to select the study participants in the age group of 30-50 years. Strub black mental status test was used for reading and writing, and controlled word association test for fluency. Depending on these observations, participants were divided into monolinguals, bilinguals, trilinguals and multilinguals. Stroop test was used to assess the cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean scores and reaction time for color-to-word tests among monolingual and multilingual were 7.7±1.99, 21.65±3.68 and 9.9±0.29, 16.44±1.81, respectively. Mean scores and reaction time for word-to-color tests among monolinguals and multilinguals were and 7.65±1.12, 23.61±3.69 and 9.7±0.696, 13.80±3.14, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inculcating multiple languages at a younger age might enhance cognitive skills and overall effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"310-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12346999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Therapy to Treat Atherothrombosis.","authors":"Mircea Cinteza Md PhD","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.149","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"149-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Autonomic Indices in Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese Adults - a Comparative Analysis Using South East Asian Criteria for Obesity Classification.","authors":"Jagdish Prasad Seoran, Shival Srivastav, Prasunpriya Nayak","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.200","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Autonomic function assessment, performed using heart rate variability and Ewing's battery, can help unravel autonomic neuropathy in many clinical disorders. This assessment can be affected by obesity. We revisited the relationship between autonomic function parameters and obesity. The body mass index (BMI) based stratification based on standard World Health Organization (WHO) classification and revised South East Asian (SEA) classification was employed.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Apparently, healthy subjects of either sex were included in the present study. Subjects were classified into normal weight (NOR), overweight (OW) and obese (OB) categories using both guidelines. An autonomic function test was performed, documenting heart rate variability (HRV) and Ewing's battery of tests including postural challenge, deep breathing, cold pressor and isometric exercise. Parameters were compared between the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 105 healthy subjects (89 males, 16 females) with a mean age of 29.83 ± 5.44 years. There were 33, 29 and 43 subjects in the NOR, OW and OB categories, respectively, as per the revised SEA classification. Similarly, 63 subjects were NOR, 42 OW, and six OB, as per the WHO criteria. There was no significant difference between HRV parameters and autonomic reactivity parameters between NOR, OW and OB subjects as per the revised SEA and WHO criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The WHO criteria underestimated obesity in our population sample. In addition, there was no significant difference in autonomic parameters between NW, OW and OB subjects as per the SEA criteria. We propose that the effect of obesity on autonomic parameters may require a revisit in light of revised BMI criteria for the SEA population.</p>","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"200-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12347005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chorion Membrane and Concentrated Growth Factor Membrane in Treating Bilateral Miller's Class I and II Gingival Recessions in Maxillary Premolars - a Clinical Study.","authors":"Kowsalya Nallathambi, Ramnath Elangovan, Dinesh C Maganti, Anitha Maganti, Dona Soman, Niranjan Diwekar","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.160","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Periodontitis causes many clinical presentations, one of which is gingival recession, which leads to root exposure, hypersensitivity and esthetic issues. One of the most accepted surgical procedures of root coverage is the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique. Newer regenerative modalities such as placental-derived chorion membranes and autologous concentrated growth factor (CGF) membranes have a higher capacity to heal because of the bioactive nature of these membranes. <b>Material and method:</b> A randomized controlled clinical trial study was carried out on 10 patients with bilateral gingival recession in maxillary premolars. They happened to receive CAF with chorion membrane on one side (Group A) and CGF membrane on the other side (Group B). Such clinical parameters as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession height (RH), recession width (RW) and width of keratinized tissue (WKT) were measured at baseline and after three months of follow-up. Paired and unpaired t-tests were undertaken through IBM SPSS 23.0. <b>Results:</b> In both groups, all clinical parameters improved statistically significant after the surgery (p < 0.05). Group A root coverage mean was 89 percent and Group B 82 percent. The postoperative values of PD, CAL, RH, RW and WKT did not differ statistically between the two groups (p < 0.05), but Group A had slightly superior results. <b>Conclusions:</b> Human chorion membrane and concentrated growth factor membrane being used with CAF lead to effective root coverage and clinical improvement, which is considered significant in Miller Class I and II gingival recessions. Both membranes are effective, but the chorion membrane might provide slightly better clinical results. Longitudinal research involving bigger samples should be done.</p>","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling a Diagnostic Enigma: Navigating an Intricate Case of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea.","authors":"Ourania Psoma, Aspasia-Nikolia Psoma, Foteini Christopoulou, Elisavet Arkoumani, Alexandra Chaidou, Petros Georgoulas, Thomas Tzimas","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.414","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a relatively rare medical condition characterized by the drainage of CSF through the nasal cavity. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be attributed to a plethora of different causes, mostly traumatic or iatrogenic, but it can also be spontaneous. Due to its rare entity, CSF rhinorrhea is often a diagnostic trap and can be misdiagnosed and mistreated as rhinosinusitis or allergic rhinitis. This can result in severe complications, such as meningitis, which could potentially have life-threatening consequences if not accurately identified and managed. In this case report, a 53-year-old Caucasian woman presented at the emergency department with symptoms of headache, fever, transparent nasal discharge from her left nostril when leaning forward and mild neck stiffness. Based on the patient's clinical presentation and physical examination findings, there was a high suspicion of central nervous system infection and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. A lumbar puncture confirmed the diagnosis of meningitis, while imaging exams, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, revealed a fistula between the posterior wall of sphenoid sinus and the subarachnoid space. Additional findings included an empty sella turcica, suggesting a potential underlying cause for this condition and an incidental meningioma near the area of leakage. The patient received empiric intravenous antibiotic therapy and was discharged after ten days. She was referred to the neurosurgical department for surgical repair of the CSF leak and removal of the meningioma, in line with appropriate treatment guidelines. This study highlights the importance of promptly identifying and thoroughly investigating potential causes of CSF leakage to provide appropriate medical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"414-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12346992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Pencil Push-up and Cat Card Exercises in Patients with Convergence Insufficiency.","authors":"Pragati Garg, Ruchi Shukla, Aparajita Shukla, Mukesh Shukla, Swarastra Prakash Singh","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.305","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of two widely practiced home-based convergence exercises - cat card exercise (CCE) and pencil push-up exercise (PPE) - in patients with symptomatic convergence insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study was conducted from June 2023 to June 2024 in the Department of Ophthalmology of a Tertiary Care Centre in North India. In this study, eighty patients aged 10 to 35 years, all exhibiting the best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 and a receded near point of convergence (NPC) greater or equal to 7.5 cm were included. Participants were arbitrarily allocated to receive either PPE or CCE, each lasting 15 minutes a day, five days a week, for six weeks. Patients were reassessed after the six-week period. Enhancement in NPC was the main outcome. Data were analysed employing suitable statistical tests, with a significance threshold established at P 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both CCE and PPE groups demonstrated a significant improvement in NPC after six weeks of therapy. However, the gap regarding NPC advancement in the two groups remained statistically significant (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cat card and pencil push-up exercise are both effective home-based treatment options for symptomatic convergence insufficiency, with comparable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"305-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12347016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic Rehabilitation for Gait Imbalance in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS): a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sahar Ghorbanpour, Mohsen Astkar, Setareh Rohani, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh","doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.334","DOIUrl":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.2.334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective: To estimate the pooled effect of robotic rehabilitation on gait in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, IEEE and Web of Science databases on October 1 st 2022, without any time or language limitation. Also, we investigated the grey literature, including conference abstract and references of references, to identify potentially relevant articles. The primary outcomes were the six-minute walking test (6MWT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG). The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane's risk of bias tool for non-randomized studies (ROBINS-I) and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). Meta-analyses were performed using a fixed-effects model as the heterogeneity between study results (I2) was less than 50%. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated as the effect size for study outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic search retrieved 6878 studies and, after deleting duplicate results, 5019 articles remained. Two researchers screened the titles and abstracts, with 4942 studies remaining for further screening. After full-text assessment, 12 studies were included for meta-analysis, most of which were conducted in the USA and Italy and were published between 2007 and 2022. The mean age of participants in the selected studies ranged between 46-55 years and the mean expanded disability status scale (EDSS) between 5 and 6.5. The SMD of 6MWT (AFTER-BEFORE) was 0.22 (95% CI -0.01-0.45) (I 2 =0%, P=0.90). The SMD of TUG (AFTER-BEFORE) was -0.29 (95% CI -0.56, -0.02) (I 2 =0%, P=0.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that robotic rehabilitation was effective for gait rehabilitation in patients with MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":74094,"journal":{"name":"Maedica","volume":"20 2","pages":"334-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12347010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}