{"title":"Miniaturized Low-Loss and Wideband Diplexer With Mixed Stacked Inductors Using Dual-RDL TGV Technology","authors":"Qi Zhang;Yazi Cao;Shichang Chen;Gaofeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3556960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3556960","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a miniaturized low-loss and wideband diplexer with mixed stacked inductors is proposed using the Dual-redistribution layer (dual-RDL) glass-based advanced packaging technology. The mixed using the 3-D stacked high-<italic>Q</i> inductors and 2-D planar gradient inductors is introduced in the proposed diplexer for low insertion loss and compact chip size. Furthermore, a modified circuit topology is presented, which can generate multiple transmission zeros (TZs) outside of the two passbands. The proposed diplexer is realized using through glass via (TGV) technology and measuring with ground-source–ground (GSG) probe. From the measured results, it can achieve an insertion loss of less than 0.85 and 0.62 dB, and the isolation is better than 21.5 dB in the two operating bands (0.25–0.95 GHz and 1.71–2.69GHz). In particular, the proposed diplexer can achieve the wideband performance, and the measured fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the two passbands is 116.7% and 44.5%. Also, this design occupies an area of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.6times 0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. In comparison with the previously reported designs, the proposed diplexer shows the superior advantages of smaller size, wideband, and lower insertion loss. The simulation and measured results show good consistency.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 7","pages":"997-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 112-Gb/s PAM-4 Optical Receiver With Sub-1.9- μArms Noise and <4% THD for Linear-Drive Pluggable Optics","authors":"Wei Chen;Minhao Li;Ming Zhong;Yuan Li;Ying Wu;Pisen Zhou;Patrick Yin Chiang","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3550180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3550180","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 112$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Gb/s optical receiver with low noise and high output swing for linear-drive pluggable optics (LPOs). The receiver is implemented in 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m SiGe-BiCMOS technology with <inline-formula> <tex-math>${f} _{text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula> <tex-math>${f} _{text {MAX}} =260$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/350 GHz. An inductive shunt-feedback (ISFB) transimpedance stage (TIS) employing <inline-formula> <tex-math>$pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-topology LC network is positioned as an input stage of optical receiver. This design achieves a wide bandwidth (BW) and low noise simultaneously, despite large photograph diode (PD) and packaging parasitic capacitance. Two current-splitting variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) with continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) function cascaded after TIS. These VGAs feature high reliability, compensate for BW loss, and provide a gain control range of −12 dB<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim +18$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, accommodating input current up to 2 mApp. The measurement results show that optical receiver provides a maximum O/E transimpedance gain (O/E.<inline-formula> <tex-math>${Z} _{text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 73.8 dB<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with O/E.BW beyond 35 GHz, an input-referred noise (IRN) current of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.9~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Arms, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) <4%> <tex-math>$2times 10^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with 56-Gbaud PAM-4 SSPRQ. The optical receiver achieves a power efficiency of 1.65-pJ/bit and occupies an area of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.14times 1.04$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm2.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 7","pages":"1089-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Interleaved 1×8 Dual-Polarized L-Band Phased Array With Digital Transmit/Receive Beamforming Using RFSoC","authors":"Peizhuo Yang;Alessio Tornese;Gong Chen;Koen Mouthaan","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3554001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3554001","url":null,"abstract":"A <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1boldsymbol {times }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>8 dual-polarized L-band transmit/receive phased array, comprising four interleaved arrays, combined with an radio frequency system-on-chip (RFSoC) is presented. Full simultaneous digital beamforming (DBF) on transmit and receive in two polarizations is realized. The design of the array and the synchronization and calibration of the RFSoC channels are discussed, as well as the implementation of the beamformer trading memory usage against processing speed. Direct measurement of coupling coefficients between antenna elements using the RFSoC is also investigated and compared with scattering parameter measurements. DBF receive patterns for the two polarizations are measured when steering the main beam between <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {pm 20^{circ }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, DBF transmit patterns are shown for beamsteering and for two dual-beam cases.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 6","pages":"912-915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"28-GHz Body-Effect-Controlled CMOS Bidirectional Active Mixer","authors":"Juhui Jeong;Junghwan Han","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3553825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3553825","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a 28-GHz complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) bidirectional mixer for frequency conversion in both receiver (RX) (forward) and transmitter (TX) (backward) modes. The design utilizes the symmetric source-drain structure of CMOS devices, with a supply-switching technique for bidirectional operation. Body-effect control and gain-boosting techniques are also applied to enhance performance in both modes. The proposed design was fabricated using the 65-nm CMOS process and primarily characterized in the 28-GHz band.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 7","pages":"1053-1056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AlN/GaN MIS-HEMT With GeN Gate Dielectric for mm-Wave Applications","authors":"Jianchao Wang;Kaiyu Wang;Ruizhe Zhang;Xiaoqiang He;Sheng Zhang;Jiaqi Guo;Jiebin Niu;Yankui Li;Weichao Wu;Weijun Luo;Xiaojuan Chen;Sen Huang;Xinhua Wang;Ke Wei;Xinyu Liu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3553152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3553152","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a high-performance AlN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT) with germanium nitride (GeN) as a gate dielectric was fabricated. The gate dielectric was deposited using thermal evaporation and nitridation methods to prevent interface damage and fixed charges caused by plasma growth or sputtering. With the developed nitride-GeN dielectric, the MIS devices exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, including a negligible hysteresis of 0.05 V, a four-order reduction in gate leakage current, and an enhanced gate swing voltage. For a 150-nm gate length, the device achieved a maximum drain current density of 2.03A/mm and an effective current-gain cutoff frequency/maximum oscillation frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f_{mathrm {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f_{mathrm {MAX}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 81/131 GHz. At 30 GHz, it delivered a remarkable power density of 3.9 W/mm at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{mathrm {DS}} =12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V in the CW mode. These promising results indicate that GeN could be a new and attractive gate dielectric option for AlN/GaN HEMTs functioning in the Ka-band frequency range.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 6","pages":"896-899"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 16.6-to-34.1 GHz Dual-Core Quad-Mode Oscillator Achieving 202.3 dBc/Hz FoMT in 65nm CMOS","authors":"Xin Yu;Xiaolong Liu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3556280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3556280","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) dual-core quad-mode oscillator incorporating a switch-less tertiary loop to extend the frequency tuning range (FTR) without introducing additional switch loss or parasitic. The design couples two identical transformer-based dual-band (low- and high-frequency) voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), which are configurable in either even or odd modes via mode switches. In the high- and low-frequency band, the switch-less tertiary loop functions as an open circuit in the even mode and a short circuit in the odd mode, enabling four distinct frequency modes. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the proposed oscillator achieves an FTR from 16.6 to 34.1 GHz, with phase noise ranging from −122.4 to −130.0 dBc/Hz at a 10-MHz offset, while consuming 9.5–11mW of power. This results in a peak FoM of 185.5 dBc/Hz and FoM<sub>T</sub> of 202.3 dBc/Hz.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 6","pages":"694-697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengqing Yan;Yongqing Leng;Xin Qiu;Xingli Cui;Jing Liu
{"title":"DC-20 GHz Ultrawideband High Linearity Phased Array Switch","authors":"Mengqing Yan;Yongqing Leng;Xin Qiu;Xingli Cui;Jing Liu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3553684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3553684","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a dc-20 GHz ultrawideband high linearity single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) switch with symmetrical construction in a 180 nm CMOS process for Phased array applications. In order to achieve high power processing capability in both transmit and receive modes, we innovatively proposed an ultrawideband SPDT switch that combines negative bias technology and stacked transistor technology. The test results show that in both Tx/Rx modes, the proposed SPDT switch has an insertion loss of less than 2.5 dB and an isolation of better than 19 dB in the dc-20 GHz frequency range. At 10 GHz, the input 1 dB compression point test results are 30.3 and 28.8 dBm in Tx and Rx modes, respectively. The chip core size of the proposed SPDT switch is 0.295 mm<sup>2</sup>.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 7","pages":"1017-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 66–160 GHz Broadband Frequency Multiplier Chain (×6) With High Harmonic Suppression","authors":"Zi'ang Xu;Zihan Zhang;Junjie Zhang;Xiaoyu Zhang;Guangbo Wang;Jian Guo","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3556003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3556003","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a 66–160 GHz <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency multiplier chain (FMC) in 0.1-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m pHEMT technology with good harmonic suppression performance. The FMC chip integrates four cascaded stages, including a driver amplifier (DA) with a semi-lumped low-pass filter (SLLPF), a double-balanced tripler with a semi-lumped high-pass filter (SLHPF), a balanced DA, and a double-balanced doubler which are designed rigorously for specific harmonic suppression. Balanced configurations join with semi-lumped filters and wideband passive multipliers to achieve broad bandwidth (BW), power flatness, and excellent harmonic suppression. The measured 3-dB BW of the FMC is 66–160 GHz (relative BW of 83.2%), and the measured peak output power is 7 dBm. The harmonic suppression reaches over 25 dBc within 87–160 GHz (relative BW of 59.1%). To the best of our knowledge, the proposed FMC exhibits the widest relative BW, high harmonic suppression, and comparable output power.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 6","pages":"742-745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A W-Band Pseudo-Differential CMOS Switching Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Mengru Yang;Pingyang He;Dixian Zhao","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3553959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3553959","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a W-band pseudo-differential CMOS switching rectifier for wireless power transfer (WPT). The transistor pair serves as switches to enable full-wave rectification, achieving enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to conventional single-ended (SE) designs. To maintain phase-aligned ac waveforms between the gate and drain terminals, effective magnetic coupling is introduced by means of nested inductors while facilitating a compact layout floor-plan. Fabricated in a 40-nm bulk CMOS process, the proposed rectifier demonstrates the measured PCE exceeding 20% for input power between 10–18 dBm. The peak PCE reaches 35% with an optimal load of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$20~{Omega }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 94 GHz. At 18-dBm input power, over 24% PCE is realized across 90–99 GHz. The core area is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$180times 140~{mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>m.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 6","pages":"698-701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed M. Fahmi;Michael E. MacDonald;Aly E. Fathy;Mohamed D. Abouzahra
{"title":"50-Way W-Band All Waveguide Radial Combiner Design","authors":"Mohamed M. Fahmi;Michael E. MacDonald;Aly E. Fathy;Mohamed D. Abouzahra","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3554515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3554515","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a novel and challenging design of a 50-way all-waveguide W-band radial combiner, utilizing WR10 ports for all connections. The novelty lies in its pioneering design and implementation of the radial combiner structure, while the challenges stem from the complexities associated with high-frequency design, manufacturing precision, and the integration of multiple waveguide sections. The design begins with a radial combiner featuring rectangular waveguide peripheral ports and a circular waveguide intermediate port operating in the TE<sub>01</sub> mode, which is particularly advantageous due to its low loss, attributed to its field distribution with minimal surface current density. A mode transducer is designed to convert the intermediate circular waveguide TE<sub>01</sub> mode to the dominant TE<sub>10</sub> mode in the WR10 rectangular waveguide. This transducer is integrated with the radial combiner to produce a standard WR10 waveguide output. The design follows a modular approach, dividing the process into separate optimally designed blocks, which are then integrated to form the final structure. Mechanical considerations are crucial at such high frequencies, and all features, such as matching disks and bifurcations, are designed to require only simple mechanical tooling. The design is thoroughly discussed, and an experimental prototype was fabricated and tested, demonstrating good performance without the need for tuning.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 6","pages":"792-795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}