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A Compact Power Combining 180-GHz Frequency Doubler Using Y-Junction Direct Matching 使用 Y 结直接匹配的 180-GHz 紧凑型功率组合倍频器
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3533538
Yiming Zhang;Haomiao Wei;Yong Zhang;Xiang Luo;Huali Zhu;Tiedi Zhang;Bo Yan
{"title":"A Compact Power Combining 180-GHz Frequency Doubler Using Y-Junction Direct Matching","authors":"Yiming Zhang;Haomiao Wei;Yong Zhang;Xiang Luo;Huali Zhu;Tiedi Zhang;Bo Yan","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3533538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3533538","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an extremely concise and compact power combining Schottky-based 180-GHz frequency doubler using the Y-junction match. In contrast to the conventional power combining configurations with complex power divider/combiner networks, interconnected waveguides, and single doubler, this work employs a direct matching approach to match the optimal embedded impedance of the diode. The Y-junction applied in this letter provides power dividing/combining, impedance matching, and microstrip (MS) to waveguide transitions in one structure. This structure not only significantly reduces the difficulties associated with waveguide manufacturing but also simplifies the circuit-matching process, thereby minimizing waveguide length loss. A 180-GHz power combining frequency doubler has been demonstrated based on this prototype. The measurement results show that the doubler delivers continuous wave (CW) input power of 500 mW with the output of 76 mW from 168 to 189 GHz. The peak output power is 108 mW at 182 GHz with 500-mW pumped.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"452-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A 6-GHz XBAR Filter Using Trapezoidal Electrodes Based on LiNbO3 Thin Films 基于LiNbO3薄膜的梯形电极6ghz XBAR滤波器
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529017
Min Zeng;Wenjuan Liu;Zhiwei Wen;Ronghui Wang;Yao Cai;Yan Liu;Shishang Guo;Chengliang Sun
{"title":"A 6-GHz XBAR Filter Using Trapezoidal Electrodes Based on LiNbO3 Thin Films","authors":"Min Zeng;Wenjuan Liu;Zhiwei Wen;Ronghui Wang;Yao Cai;Yan Liu;Shishang Guo;Chengliang Sun","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529017","url":null,"abstract":"The development of fifth-generation (5G) and next-generation wireless communication systems has put a stringent demand on radio frequency (RF) filters. This work aims to overcome the issues of wideband and in-band ripples with filters comprised by the laterally-excited bulk acoustic wave resonator (XBAR) based on lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) substrates for 5G applications. The trapezoidal electrodes of XBARs have nonparallel boundaries, causing acoustic waves to scatter in LiNbO3 thin films, thereby suppressing spurious modes. The XBAR using trapezoidal electrodes (T-XBAR) is fabricated using a Z-cut LiNbO3 thin film. The series resonators were achieved by partially thinning the LiNbO3 film from 358 nm (the thickness of shunt resonators) to 323 nm using ion beam etching (IBE). The modified 2.5-order ladder-type filter was fabricated with four resonators connected in parallel to increase <inline-formula> <tex-math>${C} _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, featuring a center frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${f}_{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 6.038 GHz, a 3-dB wideband of 671 MHz, and a minimal insertion loss of 3.836 dB. Besides, the filter exhibited a relatively low-temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of −43.03 ppm/°C. This research demonstrates a potential solution for high-frequency and wideband filters based on LNOI platforms meeting 5G/6G requirements.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"396-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Efficiency Octave Bandwidth Rectifier for Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3510153
Haoming He;Yilin Zhou;Zhongqi He;Yuhao Feng;Changjun Liu
{"title":"High-Efficiency Octave Bandwidth Rectifier for Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting","authors":"Haoming He;Yilin Zhou;Zhongqi He;Yuhao Feng;Changjun Liu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3510153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3510153","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents the design and implementation of a compact high-efficiency octave microwave rectifier. A key highlight is the novel segmented impedance matching method, a unique approach that expands the rectifier bandwidth. The diode reactance is initially regulated by a series short-ended microstrip line. Impedance-compensated structures, characterized by varying admittance properties across an extensive frequency range, partition the operating frequency band into two segments based on the input impedance, thereby minimizing impedance variation. Ultimately, the input impedance is matched by a novel triple-band matching network. An octave rectifier was fabricated and measured. Results demonstrate that the rectifier achieves over 50% efficiency over 1.3–2.55 GHz (fractional bandwidth 64.9%) at 0-dBm RF input power. Even with a decrease in input power to −10 dBm, the rectifier maintains over 30% efficiency.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"549-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A W-Band Power Combined Amplifier Based on the Waveguide Coupler With Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529844
Huali Zhu;Yong Zhang;Zhang Dang;Bo Yan
{"title":"A W-Band Power Combined Amplifier Based on the Waveguide Coupler With Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons","authors":"Huali Zhu;Yong Zhang;Zhang Dang;Bo Yan","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529844","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a W-band power combiner is proposed by exploiting the 3-dB branching waveguide directional couplers and GaN power amplifiers. In the framework, a novel waveguide coupler is realized through an integrated load based on the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs), which can effectively realize the absorption of the reflected electromagnetic wave and ensure the high isolation of the output ports. For application and verification, the electromagnetic energy divided by the directional coupler is linked to the grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) utilizing waveguide E-plane probes, and the quasi-TEM modes of the wave are attached to the power amplification monoliths using gold wire for energy amplification. Lastly, the two enhanced electromagnetic energy signals are combined by the directional coupler to generate a high-power output electromagnetic wave signal. Experimental results demonstrate that, in the frequency range of 85–100 GHz, the power combiner achieves a maximum output power of approximately 3 W and an average combining efficiency of 84.5%. The proposed prototype possesses the merits of high-temperature tolerance and low-implementation difficulty, which may facilitate further advancements in solid-state devices.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"557-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silicon-Based 3-D Self-Packaged Filtering Power Divider Based on a Multimode Resonator
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3531132
Chen-Chen Li;Fang Hou;Yang-Lei Cao;Wang Chen;Qing Liu;Liang-Feng Qiu;Wenjie Feng;Lin-Sheng Wu
{"title":"Silicon-Based 3-D Self-Packaged Filtering Power Divider Based on a Multimode Resonator","authors":"Chen-Chen Li;Fang Hou;Yang-Lei Cao;Wang Chen;Qing Liu;Liang-Feng Qiu;Wenjie Feng;Lin-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3531132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3531132","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a Ka-band self-packaged bandpass filtering power divider (FPD) based on a multimode resonator (MMR) with the technology of silicon-based 3-D integration. The stub-loaded MMR provides three even modes and two transmission zeros, which is analyzed by the equivalent circuit, the coupling matrix, and the eigenmode simulations. To avoid electromagnetic leakage and improve the unloaded Q-factor, the partially air-filled stripline (PAFSL) structure is further developed. Finally, a FPD prototype with the central frequency of 28.8 GHz and the size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.96times 2.47times 0.50$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3 is designed, fabricated, and measured. A low in-band insertion loss (IL) of 0.8 dB and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 15.5% are obtained in measurement. The proposed FPD can be adopted as an integrated passive device (IPD) chip or integrated into 3-D RF microsystems directly.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"533-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Miniaturized Triple-Mode Dielectric Waveguide Filters With Controllable Transmission Zeros
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3526151
Wei Huang;Wei Qin;Wen-Wen Yang;Jian-Xin Chen
{"title":"Miniaturized Triple-Mode Dielectric Waveguide Filters With Controllable Transmission Zeros","authors":"Wei Huang;Wei Qin;Wen-Wen Yang;Jian-Xin Chen","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3526151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3526151","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a novel miniaturized triple-mode (TM) dielectric waveguide resonator (DWR) for the design of bandpass filters (BPFs) with controllable transmission zeros (TZs). The TM DWR consists of two quarter-wavelength metallized non-through holes and one T-shaped half-wavelength metallized through hole on a dielectric block with silver-plated surface. The three modes employed are the quasi-TEM modes generated by the two metallized non-through holes and the TEM mode generated by the metallized through hole. The resonant frequency of each mode and the coupling between different modes can be controlled independently. The position of the TZs can be controlled by adjusting the relative location of the metallized non-through holes. Based on the TM DWR, two BPFs were designed with TZs located above and below the passband.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"529-532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A 50–70-GHz Broadband Tripler Based on Metal Integrated Suspended Line Technology
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3530574
Huiquan Geng;Kaixue Ma;Yi Wu;Dongqi Gu;Yongqiang Wang
{"title":"A 50–70-GHz Broadband Tripler Based on Metal Integrated Suspended Line Technology","authors":"Huiquan Geng;Kaixue Ma;Yi Wu;Dongqi Gu;Yongqiang Wang","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3530574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3530574","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents the design and fabrication of a broadband frequency tripler operating in the V-band (50–70 GHz) using resistive Schottky diodes. The whole circuit is constructed on metal-integrated suspended line (MISL) technology, functioning independently of any dielectric substrate and featuring a self-packaged design. The designed bandpass filter with three short-ended lines and grounded MISL-WR15 transition ensures the stability of the suspended structure. In order to further optimize performance, the matching circuit is established, which includes the addition of two open stubs for the harmonic suppression and impedance matching. Moreover, transmission lines are incorporated to effectively decrease the conversion loss. The prototype of the tripler has been fabricated and tested. The measured conversion loss varies from 14 to 21 dB in 50–70-GHz band at an input power of 20 dBm.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"589-592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-Coupled Waveguide Bandpass Filters With Inline Footprint and Extremely Flexible Transmission Zeros
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529695
Zai-Cheng Guo;Lu-Yan Li;Anqi Wang;Xuedao Wang;Lei Zhu
{"title":"Cross-Coupled Waveguide Bandpass Filters With Inline Footprint and Extremely Flexible Transmission Zeros","authors":"Zai-Cheng Guo;Lu-Yan Li;Anqi Wang;Xuedao Wang;Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3529695","url":null,"abstract":"A new class of cross-coupled waveguide bandpass filters (BPFs) with inline footprints is proposed in this letter. The cross coupling is realized by a thin resonant cavity, whose resonant frequency is offset from the center frequency. Due to the cross coupling, a transmission zero (TZ) is produced on either side of the passband without negative coupling structures, even extremely close to the passband. The spurious spikes resulting from the cross-coupled cavity are suppressed by increasing the filter order. Consequently, a fifth-order BPF with a pair of TZs outside the passband and spurious-mode suppression is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed BPF.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"525-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Compact Multiphase Divide-by-Two CMOS Frequency Divider 一种紧凑型多相二分CMOS分频器
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3528863
Yue-Fang Kuo;Shih-Hung Lin;Bo-Yi Chen;Liang-Chen Liu
{"title":"A Compact Multiphase Divide-by-Two CMOS Frequency Divider","authors":"Yue-Fang Kuo;Shih-Hung Lin;Bo-Yi Chen;Liang-Chen Liu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3528863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3528863","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a simple and compact eight-phase divide-by-2 frequency divider (FD) is presented and fabricated using the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 180-nm CMOS technology. The proposed divider adopted on a dual clock topology, and the alternating cross connections can effectively generate eight-phase outputs with low power consumption and few transistor counts. The proposed FD achieved a 173.3% frequency tuning range from 100 MHz to 1.4 GHz while dissipating 2.34 mW from a 1.8-V supply. The active chip size of the proposed FD core only occupies <inline-formula> <tex-math>$91.7times 52.9~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m2.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"617-620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A 70–89.8-GHz LNA With Transformer-Based T-Shape Matching and Pole-Tuning Techniques 基于变压器t形匹配和极点调谐技术的70 - 89.8 ghz LNA
IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3528195
Junyuan Tu;Guangyin Feng;Xiang Yi
{"title":"A 70–89.8-GHz LNA With Transformer-Based T-Shape Matching and Pole-Tuning Techniques","authors":"Junyuan Tu;Guangyin Feng;Xiang Yi","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3528195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2025.3528195","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a broadband E-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) for radar and communication applications. A three-stage cascade structure is adopted with pole-tuning technique to extend the bandwidth. Two transformer-based T-shape matching networks are proposed for input and output impedance matching, which has the advantage of compactness and wideband matching. The proposed LNA was fabricated in a 40-nm LP CMOS process with a core area of 0.067 mm2. Under a power consumption of 18 mW, the LNA achieves a peak gain of 11.9 dB at 84.5 GHz, a 3-dB bandwidth of 20 GHz, a minimum noise figure (NF) of 5.96 dB, and a IP<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{text {1 dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of −11.7 dBm with in-band variation of less than 1.2 dB.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 3","pages":"342-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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