Food frontiers最新文献

{"title":"New Perspectives on Polysaccharides From Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis (Rhodophyta) and Their Potential Applications in Future Industries","authors":"Amanda Tresiliana Mulio,&nbsp;Chien-Shan Chiu,&nbsp;Yung-Jia Chan,&nbsp;Wen-Chien Lu,&nbsp;Po-Hsien Li","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Gracilaria</i> and <i>Gracilariopsis</i> are abundantly available red seaweeds that have been used in traditional medicine and food for years and are rich in nutritional value. Polysaccharides are the main bioactive compounds found in the cell walls of red seaweeds, including <i>Gracilaria</i> and <i>Gracilariopsis</i>. Notably, <i>Gracilaria</i> and <i>Gracilariopsis</i> polysaccharides are sulfated and have been reported to possess various beneficial biological activities (antioxidant, anti-urolithiatic, anti-inflammatory, α-glucosidase inhibitor, antiaging, wound healing, skin whitening, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidiarrheal) and are widely used in food packaging, food formulation, cosmeceutical products, and drug development industries. Sulfated polysaccharides can be further purified from crude polysaccharide extracts of <i>Gracilaria</i> and <i>Gracilariopsis</i>. However, different species, extraction methods, and harvesting periods produce polysaccharides with varied quantities and qualitative characteristics. This review aims to provide comprehensive information by comparing reports of polysaccharides derived from 11 different species of <i>Gracilaria</i> and 2 species of <i>Gracilariopsis</i> to maximize their potential for future development and utilization in various industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 5","pages":"2129-2143"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Nutrition and Sensory Goals: Utilizing Explainable Machine Learning and Multi-Objective Optimization to Optimize Quality of Osmanthus fragrans Extract","authors":"Qinle Huang,&nbsp;Zhangtie Wang,&nbsp;Binhai Shi,&nbsp;Guoliang Jie,&nbsp;Songbai Liu,&nbsp;Fuli Nie,&nbsp;Fan Wang,&nbsp;Zhenjiang Zhou,&nbsp;Siyu Chen,&nbsp;Jianfu Shen,&nbsp;Baiyi Lu","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Osmanthus fragrans</i> extract (OFE) has significant potential for application in the beverage and cosmetic industries. However, the conventional extraction processes of OFE are affected by multiple factors, making it challenging to identify parameters that can be synergistically optimized for diverse qualities. This study aimed to establish a multi-objective optimization (MOO) method for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of <i>O. fragrans</i> var. thunbergii. The effects of time, temperature, ultrasonic power, and solid-liquid ratio on yield, content of total phenylethanol glycosides, verbascoside and salidroside, and colorimetric parameters were compared using response surface methodology and machine learning algorithms. Multi-layer perceptron, XGBoost, and support vector regression were evaluated as base models for constructing an ensemble model, using the SHAP algorithm for interpretation. A MOO method based on BP-ANN and NSGA-II was developed to maximize the content of bioactive compounds in the extract while considering other quality indicators. The optimal conditions for the target quality attributes were determined to be a temperature of 54°C, an extraction time of 52 min, a solid-liquid ratio of 16 mL/g, and an ultrasonic power of 345 W. This study provides a novel approach that combines artificial intelligence and MOO for process optimization in the plant extraction industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 5","pages":"2255-2268"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berry Wax-Related Research and Biomimetic Technology","authors":"Mohamed A. Farag","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epidermal wax is an important structure of the fruit and is targeted in improving fruit quality upon storage. Previous studies on fruit wax focused on the stages of growth and development. Prof. Haiyan Gao's group from Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences carried out a decade of cutting-edge research on the wax of postharvest berry fruits https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55225772900. Her group systematically revealed the structure and chemical composition, in particular the distinctive triterpenoids and β-diketones in berries (Chu et al. <span>2017</span>). The structural features of epidermal wax and their effects on softening and senescence (Chu et al. <span>2018</span>), and thereafter, postharvest quality maintenance of berries were also demonstrated (Ding et al. <span>2024</span>; Kong et al. <span>2023</span>; Liu, Shang, et al. <span>2023</span>). Her group provided unequivocal evidence for the role of wax metabolism in postharvest quality maintenance (Jiang et al. <span>2022a</span>; Kong et al. <span>2024</span>) and disease resistance (Jiang et al. <span>2022b</span>) expanding the cognition of fruit wax metabolism regulation network (Wu et al. <span>2023</span>). A breakthrough in wax biomimetic preservation technology has been developed by leveraging the natural wax composition and structural properties of blueberry fruits, which significantly enhances postharvest preservation and prolongs shelf life (Liu, Liu, et al. <span>2023</span>). In addition, the group has expanded the postharvest wax research to blue honeysuckle (Peng et al. <span>2025</span>), grape (Ma et al. <span>2025</span>), and other specialty berries. These findings provide a framework for postharvest quality biology of berries and reduce the gap between basic research and industrial applications of berries.</p><p>The author declares no conflict of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 4","pages":"1602-1603"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Studies on the Structure and Biological Activities of Two New Polysaccharides From Tricholoma flavovirens (TF-P) and Trametes versicolor (TV-P)","authors":"Zheng-Ao Sun,&nbsp;Nihui Zhao,&nbsp;Langlin Zheng,&nbsp;Feng Pan,&nbsp;Xiang Ding,&nbsp;Yiling Hou","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polysaccharides are macromolecules with complex structures and extensive biological activity. Two new water-soluble polysaccharides, TF-P and TV-P, were isolated and purified from the wild fruiting entities of <i>Tricholoma flavovirens</i> and <i>Trametes versicolor</i>. The structural identification revealed that TF-P (15,075 Da) had a linear structure composed of arabinose and glucose in a 3:7 ratio, with a backbone of 1,4-linked-Glcp and 1,4-linked-Arap residues. The structural identification revealed that TV-P (13,069 Da) had a branching structure composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose and galactose in a 3:1:10:5 ratio, with a backbone of 1,4-linked-Xylp, 1,4-linked-Arap, 4,6-linked-Glcp, and 1,4,6-linked-Galp residues and the branches were composed of 1-linked-Glcp residues. The results of in vitro immune activity indicate that RAW264.7, B-Raji, and T-Jurkat cells all proliferated significantly in response to TF-P and TV-P stimulation. The TV-P, which had the branching structure, showed the most effective proliferation on RAW264.7 and T-Jurkat cells, with proliferation rates up to 106.2% and 96.88%, respectively, compared to TF-P. Furthermore, based on the in vitro culture results of MFC, CT26.WT, and LLC cells showed that tumor cells were significantly inhibited by both TF-P and TV-P stimulation. The TF-P with a linear structure exhibited the best proliferation effect on MFC and LLC cells, with inhibition rates up to 69.88% and 61.89%, respectively. These findings could provide a solid theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the two polysaccharides and further advance the research progress in polysaccharide biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 5","pages":"2437-2455"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puerariae lobatae Radix Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Injury by Regulating Circadian Rhythm and Intestinal Flora","authors":"Yanfang Liao,&nbsp;Jiajing Guo,&nbsp;Zhipeng Gao,&nbsp;Zhaoping Pan,&nbsp;Mingfang Peng,&nbsp;Yanjiao Fu,&nbsp;Fuhua Fu,&nbsp;Yang Shan","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study used <i>Puerariae lobatae</i> Radix (PLR) to explore its improvement mechanism in mice with alcoholic liver injury from the perspective of intestinal flora and transcriptome. Results showed that PLR alleviates alcoholic liver injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and the activity of alcohol (ALC)-metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, PLR restored ALC-induced alterations in intestinal flora, including changes in <i>norank_f__Muribaculaceae</i>, <i>norank_f__Lachnospiraceae</i>, and <i>Turicibacter</i>. Liver transcriptome analysis identified circadian rhythm as the predominant pathway involved. Integrated analysis of biochemical indexes, microbiome, and transcriptome data revealed that <i>Turicibacter</i>, <i>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</i>, and <i>Muribaculum</i> alleviate hepatic inflammation by influencing circadian rhythm. These findings suggest that PLR has potential as a functional food for preventing and alleviating alcoholic liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 5","pages":"2281-2294"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goat Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Hydrogen Peroxide-Treated Cell Damage in Human Skin Fibroblasts","authors":"Chunping Chen,&nbsp;Youe Zhang,&nbsp;Peiran Li,&nbsp;Wenxu Zhou,&nbsp;Mo Chen,&nbsp;Baolong Liu,&nbsp;Caian He,&nbsp;Lin Han,&nbsp;Min Wang","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxidative damage drives skin aging, yet the poor skin permeability of antioxidants often limits their efficacy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have lipid bilayer structure and nanoscale size, emerge as promising intercellular communication mediators. Milk-derived EVs offer distinct advantages over plant or animal sources, including high yield and minimal preprocessing requirements. Despite goat milk is widely utilized in whitening and anti-aging cosmetics, the anti-aging mechanisms of goat milk-derived EVs (GMEVs) remain underexplored. This study investigates GMEVs’ protective effects against oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts cells (HSFs cells). Isolated through ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradients, GMEVs-1 (174.3 ± 1 nm) and GMEVs-2 (213.8 ± 3 nm) were characterized by transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and proteomic analysis (identifying 2301 proteins, 58 proteins were unique to GMEVs-1, and 144 proteins were unique to GMEVs-2). Confocal imaging confirmed DiO-labeled GMEVs internalization in HSFs cells, which reduced H₂O₂ -induced β-galactosidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels while enhancing migration rates (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Mechanistically, GMEVs-1 and GMEVs-2 attenuated hypertrophic scarring through TGF-β1/SMAD pathway influence collagen I synthesis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), MMP-1/MMP-3 inhibition with TIMP-1 upregulation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and suppression of caspase-dependent apoptosis, as verified by multi-method analyses (ELISA, immunofluorescence, Western blot). Fluorescent tracking in BALB/c-nu mice demonstrated significant epidermal retention without histopathological toxicity or serum biomarker alterations. Both GMEVs-1 and GMEVs-2 exhibited anti-oxidative stress effects; GMEVs-2 demonstrated superior efficacy at a lower protein concentration. These findings position GMEVs (GMEVs-1 and GMEVs-2) as promising nanoscale candidates for developing enhanced anti-aging skincare therapeutics with improved epidermal bioavailability.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 5","pages":"2408-2421"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Buckwheat and Isoquercitrin Against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice: An Antioxidant Strategy Targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Auditory Hair Cells","authors":"Hojin Lee,&nbsp;Gahwa Jung,&nbsp;Guijae Yoo,&nbsp;Jonghoon Jung,&nbsp;Jae-Yong Park,&nbsp;Changho Lee,&nbsp;Jaekwang Lee","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a significant clinical challenge primarily due to oxidative stress-related mechanisms. This study investigates an antioxidant strategy using Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> Moench; BW) extracts and isoquercitrin (IQ), a major bioactive compound of BW, to prevent NIHL. Oral administration of BW before noise exposure significantly protected hearing, with histological analysis showing a reduction in hair cell (HC) loss in the cochlea. BW treatment also inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cell death and activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified IQ as the primary bioactive compound, and in silico analysis suggested that IQ activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that IQ alleviated oxidative stress, reduced auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts, and protected against HC and ribbon synapse loss. While other compounds in BW may contribute synergistically, IQ is the key mediator of the protective effects, highlighting its potential as a promising alternative for preventing NIHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 5","pages":"2422-2436"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Food Additive Intake: A Systematic Review of Intake and Nonlaboratory Methodologies","authors":"Samantha A. Hall,&nbsp;Gina L. Trakman","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite increasing interest in the physiological and health effects of select additives (e.g., artificial food colors, emulsifiers, flavor enhancers, and preservatives), it is unclear whether there is a preferred nonlaboratory methodology for measuring additive intake in humans (milligrams of additive per kilogram of bodyweight [mg/kg bw]). This paper serves to review the current literature and summarize the mean additive consumption of study participants. A systematic review was performed by searching CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2024 to synthesize studies assessing additive intake among humans (mg/kg bw) using nonlaboratory methodologies. Reference lists of included studies were also reviewed. A total of 21 studies from 12 countries were identified, with a combined population pool of more than 366,297 participants. Food intake assessment methodologies used included 24-h recall (<i>n</i> = 11), food frequency questionnaires (<i>n</i> = 6), and food diaries (<i>n</i> = 4), combined with additive data from manufacturer databases (<i>n</i> = 18), chemical food analysis (<i>n</i> = 11), and food label surveys (<i>n</i> = 11). Among assessed populations, only 2.2% of additive intake values (<i>n</i> = 3) were found to be consumed above the ADI (Allura Red AC, Erythrosine, and Sunset Yellow FCF). No preferred additive intake methodology was identified, with methodologies dependent on available data, resourcing, and the population being assessed. The inclusion of quantifiable additive data on food labels would facilitate further research in humans and, if required, allow consumers to make choices regarding additive intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 4","pages":"1742-1764"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Polyphenol-Mediated Cardiovascular Protection","authors":"Kalpana Singh,&nbsp;Treesa Thomas","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Polyphenols, bioactive compounds found in plant-based foods, exert cardioprotective effects, partly mediated by their interactions with the gut microbiome. This editorial explores how microbial metabolites of polyphenols enhance bioavailability and exert potent vascular benefits while also addressing polyphenols' potential role in reducing harmful metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln). Despite promising preliminary findings, further research is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms and optimize polyphenol-based interventions for cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 4","pages":"1599-1601"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Cistanches: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetic, and Antitumor Properties","authors":"Jie Li,&nbsp;Xin-yue Cao,&nbsp;Jun-lin Lv,&nbsp;He-meng Zhang,&nbsp;Qing-yue Liang,&nbsp;Yu-shan Ren,&nbsp;Jun Tian,&nbsp;Gui-cheng Dong","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cistanches Herba (CH, known as <i>RouCongRong</i> in Chinese) is a parasitic plant from the Orobanchaceae family, with a medicinal and edible history spanning nearly 2000 years, dating back to the Eastern Han Dynasty. It has been traditionally recognized for its effects on alleviating aging, regulating the endocrine and immune systems, and enhancing metabolism. Cancer incidence has risen in recent years, driven by lifestyle shifts and diagnostic advances, yet remains a major challenge for modern medicine. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy often carry side effects that negatively impact patients’ quality of life and prognosis. Meanwhile, the antineoplastic potential of natural plant-based compounds is increasingly gaining attention. Using advanced compound separation and identification techniques, various bioactive substances, including phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), iridoids, lignans, and polysaccharides, have been isolated from CH. Among these, PhGs have attracted significant scholarly interest, leading to numerous studies in recent years. Existing literature highlights substantial evidence of its anticancer properties. This review aims to systematically summarize the content of representative PhGs in CH species, their pharmacokinetic parameters, and primary metabolites in humans (intestinal microbiota) and rats (bile, feces, plasma, and urine). Additionally, the antitumor activities and associated signaling pathways mediated by PhGs in CH against various malignancies such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, among others, providing a theoretical foundation to support their future clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 4","pages":"2011-2034"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}