Food frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Kombucha Fermentation on the Flavor and Physicochemical Properties of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Flower Infusions","authors":"Leyu Wang,&nbsp;Panjie Sun,&nbsp;Mengxin Huang,&nbsp;Ziyi Han,&nbsp;Haonan Yu,&nbsp;Kaixi Wang,&nbsp;Junsheng Liu,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wu,&nbsp;Puming He,&nbsp;Youying Tu,&nbsp;Bo Li","doi":"10.1002/fft2.536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.536","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) flower is a nutritious and affordable raw material for beverages. However, the taste of infusions brewed directly from tea flowers with hot water is not very appealing. In the work, the effects of kombucha fermentation on the sensory quality and chemical profiles of tea flower infusions were investigated. During the 5-day fermentation experiment, the samples fermented for 1 day exhibited the best overall flavor characteristics. The flavor of this sample was significantly improved, with a marked increase in sweet aromas and a noticeable enhancement of fruity, sweet, and sour tastes. PacBio sequencing revealed that four <i>Komagataeibacter</i> spp. (88.64%), <i>Novacetimonas hansenii</i> (7.09%), and <i>Zygosaccharomyces bisporus</i> (97.55%) were the dominant bacterial and fungal species in the used Kombucha. A total of 80 volatiles were detected in all samples, and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis showed that alpha-ionone, linalool, beta-ionone, decanal, and 1-octen-3-ol were the major contributors to the aroma perception. The pH value and the contents of caffeine, total catechins, amino acids, and proteins decreased, while the contents of total soluble sugars and 21 compounds including sugar derivatives, organic acids, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) significantly increased. These results provided new insights into the development of tea flower-based kombucha beverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 2","pages":"750-762"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RS4 Type Resistant Starch Improves Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice by Interacting With Lactobacillus johnsonii","authors":"Tao Xu,&nbsp;Yongheng Zhong,&nbsp;Shengyang Ji,&nbsp;Hang Xiao,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Kaimian Li,&nbsp;Peiwu Li,&nbsp;Baiyi Lu","doi":"10.1002/fft2.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.528","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RS4-type resistant starches have been applied in food industry as thickeners or studied as functional foods for a long time. However, the influence and mechanism of RS4 on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been elucidated. In this study, sinapic acid starch ester (SASE) was chosen as a representative of functional RS4, and its anti-diabetic activity and underlying mechanism were investigated. Results showed that SASE administration lowered blood glucose and ameliorated insulin resistance of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice via increasing serum butyrate level. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed the T2DM-improving activity of SASE modulated gut microbiota. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that SASE selectively promoted the proliferation of butyrate-producing bacterium. In vitro co-culture of promoted gut bacterium with SASE revealed that <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i> was one of the key bacteria in the degradation of SASE. In conclusion, RS4 could selectively promote gut bacteria and increase short-chain fatty acid production to alleviate T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"268-281"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Uricogenic Effect of Hypoxanthine and the Hypoxanthine-Lowering Process of Shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis)","authors":"Wanqian Sha,&nbsp;Lu xiao,&nbsp;Chunlin Tao,&nbsp;Chuanli Hou,&nbsp;Yanbo Wang,&nbsp;Huilin Liu,&nbsp;Jiaoyan Ren","doi":"10.1002/fft2.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the main reasons for hyperuricemia is high purine intake and restricting the intake of high purine food is the main management for avoiding hyperuricemia. This study assesses the uricogenic effect of hypoxanthine and investigates effective physical field processing for reducing hypoxanthine content in shrimp (<i>Metapenaeus ensis</i>). Using mice models, it is demonstrated that hypoxanthine significantly elevates serum uric acid level, highlighting its role as a primary dietary contributor to hyperuricemia. To mitigate this effect, single, dual, and triple processing approaches involving infrared, steam, and microwave heating were evaluated. While single processing methods showed a moderate reduction in purine content, the combined triple processing (high-intensity microwave + 140°C infrared + 140°C steam) was most effective, achieving a substantial 62.18% reduction in hypoxanthine. This reduction is attributed to the loss of purines during cooking, interconversion between purines, and possible binding of purine compounds to other substances. Further, in vitro digestion experiments confirm that the purine-reduced shrimp meat exhibits significantly lower uric acid-raising capacity. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the development of purine-reduced seafood options, contributing to healthier dietary strategies for hyperuricemia management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 2","pages":"1079-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Intake and Its Association With Health Status Among Vegetarians of the UK Biobank Volunteer Population","authors":"Hana F. Navratilova,&nbsp;Anthony D. Whetton,&nbsp;Nophar Geifman","doi":"10.1002/fft2.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.532","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consumption of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) within the vegetarian population is increasing. This study assessed the relationship between PBMA intake and health markers using the UK Biobank cohort. Participants were categorized into vegetarian PBMA consumers and vegetarian PBMA nonconsumers. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in participants’ characteristics, food intake, and 30 blood biochemistry measures after assessing data distributions. Metabolomics (168 metabolites) and proteomics (2923 proteins) data were further examined to identify significant differences between the two participant groups. Relative risks (RRs) for 45 chronic diseases and mental conditions were calculated using Poisson regression. Sensitivity analysis accounted for sociodemographic factors, and the proportion of energy from ultra-processed food (UPF) intake was determined. No substantial differences in sodium, free sugar, total sugar, or saturated fatty acids intake between vegetarian PBMA consumers and nonconsumers were found. However, PBMA consumers exhibited higher blood pressure (130/79 and 129/78 mmHg for consumer and nonconsumer groups, respectively) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (1.76 ± 3.12 and 1.57 ± 3.17 mg/L for consumer and nonconsumer groups, respectively). Metabolite and protein abundance analysis showed no notable differences. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that PBMAs may influence immune reactions through cell signaling pathways. PBMA consumers had a 42% increased risk of depression (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and a 40% reduction in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) risk (<i>p</i> = 0.02), compared to nonconsumers. In conclusion, while no clear health risks or benefits were associated with PBMA consumption in vegetarians, the higher risk of depression, elevated CRP, and lower apolipoprotein A levels in PBMA consumers suggest potential inflammatory concerns that warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"590-598"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Methylation Inhibitor 5-Azacytidine Accelerates Postharvest Leaf Senescence in Pak Choi by Modulating Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles","authors":"Dan Wang,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhang,&nbsp;Tongbing Su,&nbsp;Xiuyun Zhao,&nbsp;Weihong Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Xin,&nbsp;Deshuang Zhang,&nbsp;Yangjun Yu,&nbsp;Zhongjiang Wang,&nbsp;Linyi Zhou,&nbsp;Peirong Li,&nbsp;Fenglan Zhang,&nbsp;Shuancang Yu","doi":"10.1002/fft2.531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.531","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The senescence of leafy vegetables is inherent and general after harvest. DNA methylation affects the senescence process of plant leaves. Limited studies have explored the impact of exogenous methylation inhibitors on postharvest vegetables and the mechanisms of their effects on the transcriptome and metabolome during storage. In this study, pak choi was immersed in 100 mg L⁻¹ of 5-azacytidine (AZ) (an inhibitor of methyltransferase) solutions, indicated that AZ yielded significant acceleration in leaf senescence. Compared to the control group, the AZ-treated pak choi exhibited faster weight loss, higher malondialdehyde content, greater color change, and higher chlorophyllase activity. Transcriptomic and widely targeted metabolomic analyses were then performed on pak choi samples. Transcriptomic investigation disclosed that the chlorophyll degradation genes <i>BraSGR2</i> and <i>BraPPH</i> were upregulated by AZ, leading to the degradation of more chlorophyll content. AZ effectively stimulated upregulation of the senescence-associated genes (<i>BraSAG20</i>, <i>BraSAG21</i>, <i>BraSRG1</i>, and <i>BraSRG2</i>), thereby accelerating the pace of the senescence process. The widely targeted metabolomic analyses demonstrated that AZ downregulated the flavonoid synthase genes <i>BraFLS1</i> and <i>BraF3H</i>, causing a relative decline in flavonoid levels. The study also unveiled a diminution in carbohydrate content during storage, further exacerbated by AZ. To encapsulate, our preliminary findings suggest that the application of AZ effectively accelerates the process of leaf senescence in stored pak choi, which helps us understand the relationship between DNA demethylation and vegetable senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 2","pages":"1027-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Consumers’ Preferences Toward Farmed Salmon in China: Integrating Sensory and Choice Experiments”","authors":"Mausam Budhathoki,&nbsp;Hao Xu,&nbsp;Zixuan Ma,&nbsp;Danny Campbell,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhang,&nbsp;Saihong Li,&nbsp;Richard Newton,&nbsp;David Little","doi":"10.1002/fft2.530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.530","url":null,"abstract":"<p>China's growing demand for farmed salmon is apparent, with the country importing 190 thousand tonnes valued at over $1.12 billion in 2023. In response, the Chinese government allowed rainbow trout to be labelled and sold as salmon starting in 2018, bridging the gap between domestically produced trout and imported Atlantic salmon. This study aimed to explore how country-of-origin information influences Chinese consumers' sensory perceptions and willingness to pay (WTP) for salmon. Using a within-subject design with two evaluation rounds (blind and informed) we combined hedonic liking where Chinese consumers rated three salmon samples (from Norway, Chile, and China) with a discrete choice experiment.\u0000The results indicated that under the blind taste test, Chinese consumers found no significant difference in sensory preference between domestic rainbow trout and imported Atlantic salmon from Norway and Chile. However, when informed of the product origins, consumer preferences shifted in favor of Norwegian and Chilean Atlantic salmon. Furthermore, consumers' WTP for salmon was unaffected by the country of production unless provenance was disclosed, at which point the origin significantly influenced their preferences. Ecolabels, price, overall liking, education, frequency of aquatic food consumption, and prior experience with salmon were also found to impact WTP for salmon. These insights offer valuable insights for salmon producers/importers/marketers to customize their approaches in response to consumer preferences, refine product positioning, and seize upon opportunities within the competitive salmon market in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 2","pages":"1008-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Residue Behavior and Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam With Its Metabolite From Tea Production to Consumption","authors":"Xinru Wang,&nbsp;Huan Yu,&nbsp;Zihan Wang,&nbsp;Chengmin Zha,&nbsp;Fengjian Luo,&nbsp;Zongmao Chen,&nbsp;Li Zhou","doi":"10.1002/fft2.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.525","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The entire fate of the widely used insecticide thiamethoxam from field cultivation, manufacturing to brewing were studied. A method to simultaneously detect thiamethoxam and its two metabolites, clothianidin and CGA265307, was developed. The field trial indicated a half-life of thiamethoxam at 3.2 days on tea leaves, meanwhile, generation of clothianidin was observed with the maximum accumulation of 0.0152 mg/kg after 1 day of thiamethoxam application. The processing factors (<i>PF</i>s) during tea manufacturing ranged from 0.16 to 1.36 and 0.72 to 1.27 for thiamethoxam and clothianidin, respectively. Notably, <i>PF</i>s for thiamethoxam and clothianidin were higher during microwave deenzymed green tea manufacturing than pan deenzymed green tea and traditional black tea. Both thiamethoxam and clothianidin showed high infusion factors during tea brewing, whereas the risk quotient indicated an acceptable dietary risk of thiamethoxam with clothianidin through tea consumption. These findings could facilitate a more accurate assessment of safety risks and better protect the health of tea consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-Level Screening of Human Gut Microbes Identifies Three Lactobacillus Strains as Next-Generation Antidiabetic Probiotics","authors":"Yanan Yang,&nbsp;Mingxi Li,&nbsp;Fang Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaqi Yu,&nbsp;Jiale Cheng,&nbsp;Wenyi Xu,&nbsp;Chongming Wu","doi":"10.1002/fft2.523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Probiotic supplementation improves glucolipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota. However, current research lacks a systematic understanding of the overall hypoglycemic ability of human gut microbes. First, a high-throughput screening platform based on HepG2 cells was developed to screen candidate strains with hypoglycemic potential. Subsequently, we utilized a T2DM mouse model to investigate the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of three selected <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains through biochemical analyses, histopathological analyses, RNA-seq analyses, and metagenomics analyses. We categorized and ranked the hypoglycemic ability of 4811 strains belonging to 8 phyla, 17 orders, 68 genera, and 241 species. The hypoglycemic ability of all tested strains showed a significant normal distribution, and several species with significant efficacy were screened, primarily from <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>. Subsequently, we found that three <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains significantly improve glycolipid metabolism disorders in T2DM mice, and the mechanisms include inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis via the AKT–FOXO1–PEPCK/G6pase pathway and activating GPR41 and GPR43 to bind short-chain fatty acids, promoting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. These strains also significantly regulate the gut microbiota structure and composition, contributing to their hypoglycemic effects. This study comprehensively examined the hypoglycemic efficacy of 4811 strains for the first time, resulting in a functional map of human gut microbiota for hypoglycemia. Additionally, we investigated the hypoglycemic efficacy and the mechanisms of three <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains. This study provides a rich bacterial pool for the targeted development of probiotics as potential treatments for diabetes and related metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 2","pages":"1041-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of vitamin A on the risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease pathology in high-fat-diet–treated APP/PS1 mice","authors":"Xixiang Wang,&nbsp;Yujie Guo,&nbsp;Pengfei Li,&nbsp;Xiaojun Ma,&nbsp;Jingjing Xu,&nbsp;Lu Liu,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Xiuwen Ren,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Liping Meng,&nbsp;Shaobo Zhou,&nbsp;Linhong Yuan","doi":"10.1002/fft2.498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abnormal glucose metabolism and vitamin A (VA) nutritional status promote the occurrence of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effects of low VA intake, insulin resistance, and their interaction on the promoting cognitive impairment remain unclear. This population-based study was conducted to explore the relationship between circulating VA levels with cognitive performance in T2DM subjects. Moreover, APP/PS1 mice were treated with a low VA diet to investigate the effect and mechanism of VA deficiency on glucose and Aβ metabolism in the brain. Low blood VA levels correlated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment in both non-T2DM and T2DM subjects, and T2DM patients need much higher circulating VA levels to maintain normal cognitive function. High-fat diet induced insulin resistance in APP/PS1 mice, and this impact was further enhanced by a low VA diet. A synergistic deteriorated impact of a high-fat diet and low VA intake on AD-like pathology was observed in APP/PS1 mice, which was demonstrated by increased cortical BACE1 expression and Aβ level and decreased IRS1 expression. Our results suggest that the nutritional status of VA is associated with cognitive performance in the elderly and synergistically enhances the pathological phenotypic changes in APP/PS1 mice treated with a high-fat diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 2","pages":"979-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N6,N6-Dimethyl-l-Lysine: An Anti-Obesity Metabolite of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum R2-5 From Longevity Area Revealed by Multi-Omics Analysis","authors":"Man Su,&nbsp;Lina Zhao,&nbsp;Chen Li,&nbsp;Na Zhang,&nbsp;Yajing Liu,&nbsp;Yuwei Li,&nbsp;Miaoshu Wang,&nbsp;Hongyan Kang,&nbsp;Dongyao Li,&nbsp;Hongtao Tian","doi":"10.1002/fft2.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lactobacilli bacteria, as probiotics, show significant potential for lipid reduction. Current research into their lipid-lowering effects is in the early stages, with mechanisms largely unexplored. In this study, mice were induced with a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> R2-5 (LPR2-5) via oral gavage. After 12 weeks, the LPR2-5-treated group exhibited substantial improvements in body weight and lipid abnormalities, with significant reductions in liver and abdominal fat accumulation. (LPR2-5 can reduce serum total cholesterol [TC] by 25.7%, lower triglycerides [TG] by 45%, decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] by 30%, and double high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C].) Analysis of gut microbiota diversity demonstrated that LPR2-5 intervention altered the gut microbiome, increasing the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (<i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>) and potentially beneficial microbes <i>(Turicibacter</i>, <i>Christensenella</i>), while inhibiting obesity-associated bacteria (<i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Bilophila</i>), thus altering metabolic activity in the gut. Using multi-omics techniques, key metabolic pathways and metabolites were identified. The lipid-lowering mechanism involved a notable increase in <i>N</i>6,<i>N</i>6-dimethyl-<span>l</span>-lysine, a precursor for carnitine synthesis, enhancing carnitine production in the liver and promoting β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, thereby effectively reducing early stage adipose accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"6 2","pages":"940-955"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}