Food frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Fungal Polysaccharides as Next-Generation Bioactive: Advances in Structure–Activity Mapping, Mode of Action, and Biotechnological Horizons","authors":"Muhammad Aaqil,&nbsp;Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Jingchuan Zheng,&nbsp;Muhammad Kamil,&nbsp;Yuwei Guo,&nbsp;Cunchao Zhao,&nbsp;Yang Tian","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal polysaccharides (FPs) represent a diverse class of bioactive macromolecules widely studied for their nutritional, therapeutic, and biotechnological value. This review synthesizes recent advances (2020–2025) in the structural characterization, biological functions, and translational potential of FPs. Findings show that monosaccharide composition (MC), molecular weight (Mw), glycosidic linkage patterns, and higher order conformations, particularly β-(1→3)/(1→6) triple-helical structures, are the primary determinants of bioactivity. Structure–activity evidence indicates that glucose-rich β-glucans enhance immunomodulation and antitumor responses, while mannose and rhamnose-enriched heteropolysaccharides contribute to hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. Molecular studies further reveal that FPs regulate multiple signaling pathways, including TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Nrf2, thereby mediating immune activation, inflammation suppression, oxidative stress reduction, and metabolic homeostasis. Across biological activities, FPs demonstrate strong immunoregulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and lipid-modulating effects, with growing evidence of microbiota-dependent mechanisms and synergy with conventional therapies. This review highlights that specific structural motifs and conformational attributes are directly linked to functional performance, providing a foundation for predictable structure–activity models. We conclude that FPs hold significant promise as next-generation functional ingredients, therapeutic adjuvants, and biomaterial platforms. However, their translation requires standardized analytical methods, deeper mechanistic studies, and well-designed clinical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Polysaccharides as Next-Generation Bioactive: Advances in Structure–Activity Mapping, Mode of Action, and Biotechnological Horizons","authors":"Muhammad Aaqil,&nbsp;Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Jingchuan Zheng,&nbsp;Muhammad Kamil,&nbsp;Yuwei Guo,&nbsp;Cunchao Zhao,&nbsp;Yang Tian","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal polysaccharides (FPs) represent a diverse class of bioactive macromolecules widely studied for their nutritional, therapeutic, and biotechnological value. This review synthesizes recent advances (2020–2025) in the structural characterization, biological functions, and translational potential of FPs. Findings show that monosaccharide composition (MC), molecular weight (Mw), glycosidic linkage patterns, and higher order conformations, particularly β-(1→3)/(1→6) triple-helical structures, are the primary determinants of bioactivity. Structure–activity evidence indicates that glucose-rich β-glucans enhance immunomodulation and antitumor responses, while mannose and rhamnose-enriched heteropolysaccharides contribute to hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. Molecular studies further reveal that FPs regulate multiple signaling pathways, including TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Nrf2, thereby mediating immune activation, inflammation suppression, oxidative stress reduction, and metabolic homeostasis. Across biological activities, FPs demonstrate strong immunoregulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and lipid-modulating effects, with growing evidence of microbiota-dependent mechanisms and synergy with conventional therapies. This review highlights that specific structural motifs and conformational attributes are directly linked to functional performance, providing a foundation for predictable structure–activity models. We conclude that FPs hold significant promise as next-generation functional ingredients, therapeutic adjuvants, and biomaterial platforms. However, their translation requires standardized analytical methods, deeper mechanistic studies, and well-designed clinical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Pilot-Scale Transamidation for Manufacturing an Innovative Gluten-Free Wheat Bread","authors":"Lucia Treppiccione,&nbsp;Vincenzo de Sena,&nbsp;Maria Fiorella Mazzeo,&nbsp;Mariasole Cervini,&nbsp;Francesco Maurano,&nbsp;Ionut Strungariu,&nbsp;Rosa Anna Siciliano,&nbsp;Gianluca Giuberti,&nbsp;Mauro Rossi","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Intestinal tissue transglutaminase (tTG) deamidates gluten peptides, enhancing their presentation by HLA-DQ2/DQ8 heterodimers and promoting a T-cell-mediated inflammatory response. Transamidation of wheat flour by microbial transglutaminase could neutralize this inflammatory pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pilot-scale flour transamidation on the chemical, immunological, technological, and sensory properties of a first-time-manufactured gluten-free wheat bread. Thirty mTG treatments showed reproducible recovery of transamidated gluten in the soluble protein fraction (spf) (<i>p</i> = 0.25). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the absence of the native α2-gliadin (33mer), the most coeliacogenic peptide, in all spf preparations. Analysis of the immune response in sensitized HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice indicated that spf did not stimulate the secretion of either adaptive (IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10) or innate (TNF-α) immunity markers. Assessment of technological parameters showed that a mixture of spf (10% w:w) with deglutinated wheat starch raised similarly to conventional wheat dough with main baking parameters preserved and a native gluten content &lt;20 ppm. Texture profiling indicated that the hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness of the gluten-free product were similar to those of conventional wheat bread. By contrast, differences in chemical composition and in the in vitro starch digestion were reported. Sensory analysis found variations among bread formulations. Importantly, wheat aroma and flavor were mainly preserved in the spf bread. In conclusion, our results highlight wheat flour transamidation as an affordable methodology both in preventing immune activity to gluten and for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Pilot-Scale Transamidation for Manufacturing an Innovative Gluten-Free Wheat Bread","authors":"Lucia Treppiccione,&nbsp;Vincenzo de Sena,&nbsp;Maria Fiorella Mazzeo,&nbsp;Mariasole Cervini,&nbsp;Francesco Maurano,&nbsp;Ionut Strungariu,&nbsp;Rosa Anna Siciliano,&nbsp;Gianluca Giuberti,&nbsp;Mauro Rossi","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70222","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Intestinal tissue transglutaminase (tTG) deamidates gluten peptides, enhancing their presentation by HLA-DQ2/DQ8 heterodimers and promoting a T-cell-mediated inflammatory response. Transamidation of wheat flour by microbial transglutaminase could neutralize this inflammatory pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pilot-scale flour transamidation on the chemical, immunological, technological, and sensory properties of a first-time-manufactured gluten-free wheat bread. Thirty mTG treatments showed reproducible recovery of transamidated gluten in the soluble protein fraction (spf) (<i>p</i> = 0.25). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the absence of the native α2-gliadin (33mer), the most coeliacogenic peptide, in all spf preparations. Analysis of the immune response in sensitized HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice indicated that spf did not stimulate the secretion of either adaptive (IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10) or innate (TNF-α) immunity markers. Assessment of technological parameters showed that a mixture of spf (10% w:w) with deglutinated wheat starch raised similarly to conventional wheat dough with main baking parameters preserved and a native gluten content &lt;20 ppm. Texture profiling indicated that the hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness of the gluten-free product were similar to those of conventional wheat bread. By contrast, differences in chemical composition and in the in vitro starch digestion were reported. Sensory analysis found variations among bread formulations. Importantly, wheat aroma and flavor were mainly preserved in the spf bread. In conclusion, our results highlight wheat flour transamidation as an affordable methodology both in preventing immune activity to gluten and for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Pilot-Scale Transamidation for Manufacturing an Innovative Gluten-Free Wheat Bread","authors":"Lucia Treppiccione,&nbsp;Vincenzo de Sena,&nbsp;Maria Fiorella Mazzeo,&nbsp;Mariasole Cervini,&nbsp;Francesco Maurano,&nbsp;Ionut Strungariu,&nbsp;Rosa Anna Siciliano,&nbsp;Gianluca Giuberti,&nbsp;Mauro Rossi","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Intestinal tissue transglutaminase (tTG) deamidates gluten peptides, enhancing their presentation by HLA-DQ2/DQ8 heterodimers and promoting a T-cell-mediated inflammatory response. Transamidation of wheat flour by microbial transglutaminase could neutralize this inflammatory pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pilot-scale flour transamidation on the chemical, immunological, technological, and sensory properties of a first-time-manufactured gluten-free wheat bread. Thirty mTG treatments showed reproducible recovery of transamidated gluten in the soluble protein fraction (spf) (<i>p</i> = 0.25). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the absence of the native α2-gliadin (33mer), the most coeliacogenic peptide, in all spf preparations. Analysis of the immune response in sensitized HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice indicated that spf did not stimulate the secretion of either adaptive (IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10) or innate (TNF-α) immunity markers. Assessment of technological parameters showed that a mixture of spf (10% w:w) with deglutinated wheat starch raised similarly to conventional wheat dough with main baking parameters preserved and a native gluten content &lt;20 ppm. Texture profiling indicated that the hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness of the gluten-free product were similar to those of conventional wheat bread. By contrast, differences in chemical composition and in the in vitro starch digestion were reported. Sensory analysis found variations among bread formulations. Importantly, wheat aroma and flavor were mainly preserved in the spf bread. In conclusion, our results highlight wheat flour transamidation as an affordable methodology both in preventing immune activity to gluten and for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals the Chemical and Molecular Basis for Aroma Divergence in Isatis Fruits","authors":"Rong Chen,&nbsp;Yan Qing,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Geng,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Cai,&nbsp;Lili Wang,&nbsp;Fanglin Liu,&nbsp;Huijun Cheng,&nbsp;Yude Peng,&nbsp;Chunfeng Tang,&nbsp;Huaxi Huang,&nbsp;Qin Liu","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.70258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fruits of <i>Isatis</i> species hold significant but underexplored potential in flavor and phytochemical applications. This study comprehensively investigated the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their transcriptional regulation underlying aroma divergence in the fruits of three <i>Isatis</i> species. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC–MS), a total of 1042 VOCs were identified, with terpenoids, esters, and ketones being the most abundant classes. Principal component and differential analyses revealed distinct, species-specific VOC profiles. Quantitative analysis showed that <i>Isatis oblongata</i> had the highest total VOC content, characterized by esters and alcohols, whereas <i>Isatis tinctoria</i> and <i>Isatis indigotica</i> exhibited balanced aldehyde-terpenoid and ketone-enhanced profiles, respectively. The application of relative odor activity value (rOAV) modeling identified 44 key aroma-active compounds, defining the sensory profiles: <i>I. oblongata</i> as mushroom dominant (driven by the high rOAV of 1-octen-3-one), <i>I. tinctoria</i> as fatty-green-earthy (driven by C9 aldehydes), and <i>I. indigotica</i> as sweet-green with a spicy undertone (associated with benzene, (isothiocyanatomethyl)-). Integrated transcriptomic analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered the molecular basis for this divergence. The fatty-green character of <i>I. tinctoria</i> was linked to a <i>NAC</i> transcription factor (Iin12486) that co-expressed with specific <i>lipoxygenase</i> (<i>LOX</i>) genes (Iin24854, Iin09829). Conversely, the mushroom aroma of <i>I. oblongata</i> was associated with a different <i>NAC</i> TF (Iin05720) co-expressed with a <i>hydroperoxide lyase</i> (<i>HPL</i>) gene (Iin21448). This multiomics study deciphers the coordinated transcriptional regulation underlying aroma divergence in <i>Isatis</i>, providing a scientific basis for chemotaxonomy, quality control, and the targeted utilization of aroma resources in these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals the Chemical and Molecular Basis for Aroma Divergence in Isatis Fruits","authors":"Rong Chen,&nbsp;Yan Qing,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Geng,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Cai,&nbsp;Lili Wang,&nbsp;Fanglin Liu,&nbsp;Huijun Cheng,&nbsp;Yude Peng,&nbsp;Chunfeng Tang,&nbsp;Huaxi Huang,&nbsp;Qin Liu","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70258","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fruits of <i>Isatis</i> species hold significant but underexplored potential in flavor and phytochemical applications. This study comprehensively investigated the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their transcriptional regulation underlying aroma divergence in the fruits of three <i>Isatis</i> species. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC–MS), a total of 1042 VOCs were identified, with terpenoids, esters, and ketones being the most abundant classes. Principal component and differential analyses revealed distinct, species-specific VOC profiles. Quantitative analysis showed that <i>Isatis oblongata</i> had the highest total VOC content, characterized by esters and alcohols, whereas <i>Isatis tinctoria</i> and <i>Isatis indigotica</i> exhibited balanced aldehyde-terpenoid and ketone-enhanced profiles, respectively. The application of relative odor activity value (rOAV) modeling identified 44 key aroma-active compounds, defining the sensory profiles: <i>I. oblongata</i> as mushroom dominant (driven by the high rOAV of 1-octen-3-one), <i>I. tinctoria</i> as fatty-green-earthy (driven by C9 aldehydes), and <i>I. indigotica</i> as sweet-green with a spicy undertone (associated with benzene, (isothiocyanatomethyl)-). Integrated transcriptomic analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered the molecular basis for this divergence. The fatty-green character of <i>I. tinctoria</i> was linked to a <i>NAC</i> transcription factor (Iin12486) that co-expressed with specific <i>lipoxygenase</i> (<i>LOX</i>) genes (Iin24854, Iin09829). Conversely, the mushroom aroma of <i>I. oblongata</i> was associated with a different <i>NAC</i> TF (Iin05720) co-expressed with a <i>hydroperoxide lyase</i> (<i>HPL</i>) gene (Iin21448). This multiomics study deciphers the coordinated transcriptional regulation underlying aroma divergence in <i>Isatis</i>, providing a scientific basis for chemotaxonomy, quality control, and the targeted utilization of aroma resources in these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycemic Activity of Goat Milk–Derived Peptides","authors":"Rui Wang,&nbsp;Yun Yang,&nbsp;Xinhua Ouyang,&nbsp;Rong He,&nbsp;Xingyun Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Chen","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70208","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fft2.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevalence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia worldwide has increased in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate the potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of bioactive peptides derived from goat milk in vitro. Screening of membrane-separated components via Western blot revealed that those with the molecular weight of &lt;1 kDa significantly elevated glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) protein expression by nearly 2-fold and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein expression by approximately 3-fold in HepG2 cells, indicating their effective hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering properties. The goat milk–derived peptides were separated and purified utilizing gel chromatography and mass spectrometry. Goat milk–derived bioactive peptide amino acid sequences were determined to obtain Ile–Ala–Ser–Ala–Leu–Pro–Thr–Val–His (IASAEPTVH), Leu–Ser–Thr–Ser–Glu–Glu–Asn–Ser–Lys–Lys (LSTSEENSKK), and Thr–Glu–Asp–Glu–Leu–Gln–Asp–Lys (TEDELQDK) peptides. The toxic effects of IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK on HepG2 cells were negligible, reflecting their excellent biocompatibility. IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK significantly upregulated the expression of GLP-1R and LDLR in a dose-dependent manner. These peptides exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. When HepG2 cells were treated with IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK at a concentration of 400 µM, the highest inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase were observed, with inhibitory rates of 76.18% ± 2.10%, 71.94% ± 2.00%, and 70.54% ± 1.76%, respectively. Furthermore, IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK (50–400 µM) suppressed lipid accumulation and reduced triglyceride content in palmitic acid (PA)-overloaded HepG2 cells. In conclusion, goat milk–derived bioactive peptides IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK exerted favorable hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycemic Activity of Goat Milk–Derived Peptides","authors":"Rui Wang,&nbsp;Yun Yang,&nbsp;Xinhua Ouyang,&nbsp;Rong He,&nbsp;Xingyun Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Chen","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevalence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia worldwide has increased in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate the potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of bioactive peptides derived from goat milk in vitro. Screening of membrane-separated components via Western blot revealed that those with the molecular weight of &lt;1 kDa significantly elevated glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) protein expression by nearly 2-fold and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein expression by approximately 3-fold in HepG2 cells, indicating their effective hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering properties. The goat milk–derived peptides were separated and purified utilizing gel chromatography and mass spectrometry. Goat milk–derived bioactive peptide amino acid sequences were determined to obtain Ile–Ala–Ser–Ala–Leu–Pro–Thr–Val–His (IASAEPTVH), Leu–Ser–Thr–Ser–Glu–Glu–Asn–Ser–Lys–Lys (LSTSEENSKK), and Thr–Glu–Asp–Glu–Leu–Gln–Asp–Lys (TEDELQDK) peptides. The toxic effects of IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK on HepG2 cells were negligible, reflecting their excellent biocompatibility. IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK significantly upregulated the expression of GLP-1R and LDLR in a dose-dependent manner. These peptides exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. When HepG2 cells were treated with IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK at a concentration of 400 µM, the highest inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase were observed, with inhibitory rates of 76.18% ± 2.10%, 71.94% ± 2.00%, and 70.54% ± 1.76%, respectively. Furthermore, IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK (50–400 µM) suppressed lipid accumulation and reduced triglyceride content in palmitic acid (PA)-overloaded HepG2 cells. In conclusion, goat milk–derived bioactive peptides IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK exerted favorable hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycemic Activity of Goat Milk–Derived Peptides","authors":"Rui Wang,&nbsp;Yun Yang,&nbsp;Xinhua Ouyang,&nbsp;Rong He,&nbsp;Xingyun Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Chen","doi":"10.1002/fft2.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevalence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia worldwide has increased in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate the potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of bioactive peptides derived from goat milk in vitro. Screening of membrane-separated components via Western blot revealed that those with the molecular weight of &lt;1 kDa significantly elevated glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) protein expression by nearly 2-fold and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein expression by approximately 3-fold in HepG2 cells, indicating their effective hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering properties. The goat milk–derived peptides were separated and purified utilizing gel chromatography and mass spectrometry. Goat milk–derived bioactive peptide amino acid sequences were determined to obtain Ile–Ala–Ser–Ala–Leu–Pro–Thr–Val–His (IASAEPTVH), Leu–Ser–Thr–Ser–Glu–Glu–Asn–Ser–Lys–Lys (LSTSEENSKK), and Thr–Glu–Asp–Glu–Leu–Gln–Asp–Lys (TEDELQDK) peptides. The toxic effects of IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK on HepG2 cells were negligible, reflecting their excellent biocompatibility. IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK significantly upregulated the expression of GLP-1R and LDLR in a dose-dependent manner. These peptides exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. When HepG2 cells were treated with IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK at a concentration of 400 µM, the highest inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase were observed, with inhibitory rates of 76.18% ± 2.10%, 71.94% ± 2.00%, and 70.54% ± 1.76%, respectively. Furthermore, IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK (50–400 µM) suppressed lipid accumulation and reduced triglyceride content in palmitic acid (PA)-overloaded HepG2 cells. In conclusion, goat milk–derived bioactive peptides IASAEPTVH, LSTSEENSKK, and TEDELQDK exerted favorable hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":73042,"journal":{"name":"Food frontiers","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fft2.70208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}