Comparative Studies on the Structure and Biological Activities of Two New Polysaccharides From Tricholoma flavovirens (TF-P) and Trametes versicolor (TV-P)

Polysaccharides are macromolecules with complex structures and extensive biological activity. Two new water-soluble polysaccharides, TF-P and TV-P, were isolated and purified from the wild fruiting entities of Tricholoma flavovirens and Trametes versicolor. The structural identification revealed that TF-P (15,075 Da) had a linear structure composed of arabinose and glucose in a 3:7 ratio, with a backbone of 1,4-linked-Glcp and 1,4-linked-Arap residues. The structural identification revealed that TV-P (13,069 Da) had a branching structure composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose and galactose in a 3:1:10:5 ratio, with a backbone of 1,4-linked-Xylp, 1,4-linked-Arap, 4,6-linked-Glcp, and 1,4,6-linked-Galp residues and the branches were composed of 1-linked-Glcp residues. The results of in vitro immune activity indicate that RAW264.7, B-Raji, and T-Jurkat cells all proliferated significantly in response to TF-P and TV-P stimulation. The TV-P, which had the branching structure, showed the most effective proliferation on RAW264.7 and T-Jurkat cells, with proliferation rates up to 106.2% and 96.88%, respectively, compared to TF-P. Furthermore, based on the in vitro culture results of MFC, CT26.WT, and LLC cells showed that tumor cells were significantly inhibited by both TF-P and TV-P stimulation. The TF-P with a linear structure exhibited the best proliferation effect on MFC and LLC cells, with inhibition rates up to 69.88% and 61.89%, respectively. These findings could provide a solid theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the two polysaccharides and further advance the research progress in polysaccharide biology.