Han Gyul Lee, Sung Jin Cho, Hye Ran Park, Dongwook Seo
{"title":"Supraorbital Approaches for Anterior Skull Base and Parasellar Lesions: Insights From a Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Han Gyul Lee, Sung Jin Cho, Hye Ran Park, Dongwook Seo","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0026","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern neurosurgery has undergone significant evolution to include minimally invasive procedures, with the supraorbital approach (SOA) being a prime example. In this study, we aim to explore the surgical techniques and outcomes of this approach in the surgical treatment of frontal lobe, anterior skull base, and parasellar lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 33 patients aged 36-83 years who underwent surgery using the SOA for lesions in the inferior frontal lobe, anterior skull base, and parasellar area between 2015 and 2024. There were 25 cases of meningioma, 2 cases of brain abscess, 2 cases of glioma, and one case each of craniopharyngioma, hemangioma, metastasis, and Rathke's cleft cyst. The medical data and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean size of lesion was 3.38±3.05 cm. The mean follow-up period was 48.8 months. Gross total resection was achieved in 25 patients (75.8%). There were no perioperative deaths, cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, or infections. Two cases of morbidity were reported as complications: one case of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage and one case of infarction due to vascular injury. All patients exhibited satisfactory cosmetic results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In comparison to the conventional pterional approach, the SOA represents a safe and effective keyhole method for the removal of both extra-axial and intra-axial skull base tumors. This is particularly beneficial for lesions in the orbitofrontal region and parasellar area, as it allows for minimal disruption of normal brain parenchyma. Moreover, the SOA promotes a swift recovery and short hospital stay. Additionally, the SOA yields superior cosmetic results, including the prevention of temporalis muscle atrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 3","pages":"172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Malignant Transformation of Meningioma With <i>TERT</i> Promoter Mutation: A Case Report.","authors":"Yoontae Hong, Nayoung Han, Ho-Shin Gwak","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0023","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-grade meningiomas make up a relatively minor proportion of meningiomas, which are one of the most common types of primary intracranial tumors in adults. Though rare, a considerable portion of high-grade meningiomas arise from malignant transformation of benign meningiomas. The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria introduced molecular markers in the diagnosis and grading of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and assigned certain genomic mutations to grade 3 meningiomas. We report a case of a 54-year-old male patient who underwent stepwise malignant transformation of meningioma from WHO grade 1 to grade 3 within 10 years, during the course of five surgeries followed by adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the most recent grade 3 meningioma specimen and found that it carried a telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (<i>TERT</i>p) mutation (c.-124C>T) in accordance with the 2021 WHO criteria for grade 3 meningiomas. We then retrospectively examined the previous grade 1 and 2 specimens and found them to have the same mutation. We reviewed the significance of molecular markers in the diagnosis of meningiomas, possible genetic alterations associated with their malignant transformation, and what measures could be taken to effectively manage meningiomas considering NGS findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 3","pages":"192-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Byungjun Woo, Nayoung Han, Jeong Hoon Kim, Ho-Shin Gwak
{"title":"Early High-Grade Transformation of IDH-Mutant Central Nervous System WHO Grade 2 Astrocytoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Byungjun Woo, Nayoung Han, Jeong Hoon Kim, Ho-Shin Gwak","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0022","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-grade transformation of low-grade gliomas has long been a poor prognostic factor during therapy. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) adopted isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in the classification of diffuse astrocytomas. The 2021 classification denoted glioblastomas as IDH-wildtype and graded IDH-mutant astrocytomas as 2, 3, or 4. Gemistocytic morphology, a large proportion of residual tumor, the patient's age, and recurrence after radiotherapy were previously mentioned as risk factors for high-grade transformation of low-grade gliomas. We report a 34-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with IDH-mutant grade 2 astrocytoma according to the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors. As the first surgical resection achieved gross total resection on postoperative MRI, no adjuvant therapy was given and regular follow-up was planned. On 1-year follow-up MRI, two new enhancing nodular lesions appeared at the ipsilateral brain parenchyma abutting the surgical resection cavity. Salvage craniotomy achieved gross total resection, and the pathologic diagnosis was IDH-mutant WHO grade 4 astrocytoma. We describe this tumor in terms of the previous WHO classification to evaluate the risk of high-grade transformation and discuss possible risk factors leading to high-grade transformation of low-grade astrocytoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 3","pages":"186-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johanna Vaylen M Sarmiento, Rhoderick M Casis, Paul Vincent A Opinaldo
{"title":"Understanding the Brain-Heart Connection Through a Case of Angry Glioma Syndrome.","authors":"Johanna Vaylen M Sarmiento, Rhoderick M Casis, Paul Vincent A Opinaldo","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0004","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We discuss a patient with a tumor on the anterior corpus callosum who underwent open biopsy eventually succumbing to cerebrogenic fatal arrhythmia following wounded glioma syndrome. A healthy 37-year-old female patient was admitted to our department due to a history of headache for 13 months. MRI revealed a suspicious glioma infiltrating the anterior corpus callosum. Neurologic examination only showed low cognitive assessment score (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score 20/30). ECG was normal sinus rhythm. Steroids and levetiracetam were administered prior to operation. Patient underwent right frontal craniotomy and biopsy of tumor with unremarkable events. During the first hospital day, patient had episodes of bradycardia followed by decrease in sensorium. Brain CT scan showed progression of edema without hemorrhage within the tumor bed. This was followed minutes later by two episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac resuscitation was done for 24 minutes but patient eventually expired. Location of the lesion and the epileptogenicity of the peritumoral cortex greatly contributed to the patient's demise. Involvement of the fronto-mesial structures, particularly the insula and the cingulate cortex, and their connection to the central autonomic network, increased susceptibility to arrhythmias. Decreased seizure threshold worsened post-operative edema, further aggravating the dysregulation of the brain-heart-connection.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 2","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Riazi, Yaser Emaeillou, Nima Najafi, Mohammad Hoseinimanesh, Mohammad Ibrahim Ashkaran, Donya Sheibani Tehrani
{"title":"Patients With Hemangioblastoma: Mood Disorders and Sleep Quality.","authors":"Ali Riazi, Yaser Emaeillou, Nima Najafi, Mohammad Hoseinimanesh, Mohammad Ibrahim Ashkaran, Donya Sheibani Tehrani","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2023.0040","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2023.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep has confirmed physical, psychological, and behavioral benefits, and disruptions can result in disturbances in these states. Moreover, it can be linked bidirectionally with susceptibility to and the subsequent status of brain tumors. The current study examined mood disorders and sleep quality before and after surgery for hemangioblastoma brain tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two patients diagnosed with hemangioblastoma brain tumors between 2017 and 2023 underwent surgical treatment. The Karnofsky Performance Status and ECOG performance status scales, the Brunel Mood Scale, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire were employed to assess the patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate that after surgery, sleep quality and mood disorders, including tension, vigor, and depression, did not exhibit significant differences in these patients (<i>p</i>>0.05). However, tension, vigor, depression, and sleep quality did have a significant impact on their functional status post-surgery (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression is the significant mood factor in patients with brain tumors that impact their functional status. In this context, it is recommended that psychological therapies be considered for them, alongside conducting more comprehensive and in-depth studies on psychological disorders in patients with brain tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 2","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treatment of Clival Giant Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Jung Yeop Yang, Ho Kang, Yong Hwy Kim","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0010","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are locally aggressive primary bone tumors of osteoclast-like cells. Most GCTs occur within the long bones, and primary GCTs involving the clivus are extremely rare. We present the case of an 18-year-old boy with binocular horizontal diplopia with an insidious onset who was found to have a hypointense enhancing mass involving the clivus and left side dorsum sellae on magnetic resonance images. The tumor was completely resected via an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach, and histopathologic examination via immunohistochemistry indicated a GCT. The patient's left abducens nerve palsy improved slightly after surgery. Because of the rarity of GCTs, there is no consensus about the definitive treatment protocol. However, we suggest that gross total resection is the treatment of choice, and denosumab plays a critical role in patients with subtotal resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 2","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guenther C Feigl, Daniel Staribacher, Gavin Britz, Dzmitry Kuzmin
{"title":"Minimally Invasive Approaches in the Surgical Treatment of Intracranial Meningiomas: An Analysis of 54 Cases.","authors":"Guenther C Feigl, Daniel Staribacher, Gavin Britz, Dzmitry Kuzmin","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracranial meningiomas, being a fairly common disease in the population, often require surgical treatment, which, in turn, can completely heal the patient. The localization of meningiomas often influences treatment even if they are asymptomatic. By modernizing approaches to surgical treatment, it is possible to minimize intra- and postoperative risks, while achieving complete removal of the tumor. One of these methods is minimally invasive neurosurgery, the development of which in recent years allows it to compete with standard surgical methods. The purpose of this study was the objectification of minimally invasive approaches, such as the calculation of the craniotomy area and the ratio of craniotomy area to the resected tumor volume.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective study consisted of a group of 54 consecutive patients who were operated on in our neurosurgery clinic specialized on minimally invasive neurosurgery. Preoperative planning was carried out using the Surgical Theater visualization platform. Using this system, the tumor volume and craniotomy surface area were calculated. During the analysis, the symptoms before and after the surgery, classification of tumors, postoperative complications, further treatment and follow-up results were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve (22.2%) patients were men and 42 (77.8%) were women. The mean age of the group was 64.2 years (median 67.5). The craniotomy area ranged from 202 to 2,108 mm² (mean 631 mm²). Tumor volume ranged from 0.85 to 110.1 cm<sup>3</sup> (mean 21.6 cm<sup>3</sup>). The craniotomy size of minimally invasive approaches to the skull base was 3-5 times smaller than standard approaches. Skull base meningiomas accounted for 19 cases (35.2%), convexity meningiomas for 26 cases (48.1%), and falx and tentorium meningiomas for 9 cases (16.7%). Three complications were reported: postoperative hemorrhage, CSF leakage, and ophthalmoplegia. Relapse was detected in 2 patients with a mean follow-up of 26.3 months (median 20).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Minimally invasive approaches in the surgical treatment of intracranial meningiomas reduce the possibility of operating trauma by several times; they are safe and sufficient for complete removal of the tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 2","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyo-Jeong Kim, Jang Hun Kim, Kyung-Jae Park, Dong-Hyuk Park, Shin-Hyuk Kang
{"title":"Primary Intracranial Ewing Sarcoma With an Unusual Presentation: A Case Report.","authors":"Hyo-Jeong Kim, Jang Hun Kim, Kyung-Jae Park, Dong-Hyuk Park, Shin-Hyuk Kang","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary extraosseous intracranial Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an extremely rare disease, limited to the pediatric population, that primarily originates in the skull. Here, we present an unusual case of adult Ewing's sarcoma originating from the brain parenchyma. The 50-year-old male patient visited our hospital with severe headache lasting 3 weeks. MRI presented 6.1×6.2×5.2 cm sized heterogeneously enhanced mass containing peritumoral edema in the right frontal lobe. The patient underwent right frontal craniotomy, at which time the gray and red masses adhered to the surrounding brain parenchyma. The mass was completely resected using neuronavigation and electrophysiological monitoring. Histopathological examination revealed ES-compatible findings of small round cell tumor and CD-99 positive membranous immunostaining. Next generation sequencing revealed translocation and fusion of <i>EWSR1</i> and <i>FLI1</i>, consistent with a confirmed diagnosis of ES. Consequently, the patient underwent postoperative radiotherapy. The present case revealed adult primary intracranial ES arising from the frontal lobe. Although its etiology remains poorly understood, intraparenchymal ES should be included in the differential diagnosis of parenchymal brain tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 2","pages":"115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyun Jeong Cho, Sung Chan Park, Jong Min Lee, Na Young Jung, Jun Bum Park
{"title":"Pediatric Eosinophilic Granuloma Associated With Delayed Epidural Hematoma Following on Seizure: A Case Report.","authors":"Hyun Jeong Cho, Sung Chan Park, Jong Min Lee, Na Young Jung, Jun Bum Park","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0018","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eosinophilic granuloma (EG), a subtype of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), the monostotic form, is a rare condition characterized by a solitary bone lesion. It is even more unusual for this condition to be accompanied by an epidural hematoma (EDH). This case is unique in that it is the first to involve delayed EDH following a seizure. We describe a remarkable example of EG accompanied by an EDH and consider the rarity of this comorbidity. A 32-month-old boy developed a rapidly growing skull mass following a minor head injury. During surgical preparation for a biopsy, the patient experienced a single convulsion. Imaging following the seizure revealed an EDH in the vicinity of the mass. The mass was excised and confirmed to be an EG, but with positive margins. The patient underwent chemotherapy after systemic skeletal evaluation, in accordance with the LCH III protocol established by the Histiocytosis Society. EG is a rare neoplasm that typically presents as a painless growth on the skull that gradually enlarges over time. The correlation between EG and EDH is exceedingly uncommon, with only a few documented cases. This case study underscores the significance of considering EG in the differential diagnosis of an expanding cranium mass, even when associated with EDH. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 2","pages":"148-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solitary Skull Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting With a Pus Draining Fistula: An Unusual Presentation and Review of Literature.","authors":"Hafiza Hifza Bashir, Hafiza Fatima Aziz, Faizan Saeed, Muhammad Ehsan Bari, Nasir Uddin","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2023.0043","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2023.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition in adults, especially when it is limited to a single area of the skull, known as solitary calvarial involvement. In this case report, we present a unique instance of LCH affecting the parietal bone with a pus-draining fistula. This is a rare and unusual presentation at this location, which has been scarcely reported in medical literature. A 30-year-old woman with no prior comorbidity presented with complaints of headache that persisted for a year. She also had swelling on her scalp and a yellowish discharge for 3 weeks, but no neurological problems were observed. Radiology revealed thinning of the calvaria, with ragged margins along the inner table, multiple focal erosions, and involvement of overlying soft tissue and bony sequestrum. The patient underwent biparietal craniotomy and excision of the lesion. The histopathology report showed LCH. After 8 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence. The management of solitary calvarial involvement by LCH with masquerading presentation as a scalp infection can be achieved through complete excision of the lesions, resulting in a favorable outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"12 2","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}