Brain tumor research and treatment最新文献

{"title":"Glioblastoma in a Patient With MELAS Syndrome: A Case Report.","authors":"Seung Min Chang, Hun Ho Park, Ji Hyun Park, Ji-Hoon Na, Hyunjoo Lee, Young-Mok Lee, Jihwan Yoo","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0015","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) syndrome is a multi-systemic genetic disorder characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, often presenting with diverse clinical phenotypes. We report a rare case of glioblastoma (GBM) in a 60-year-old female whose MELAS manifestations were primarily metabolic and neuro-sensory. Her clinical course began at age 40 with diabetes mellitus, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and left ophthalmoplegia. She was diagnosed with MELAS syndrome by molecular genetic testing at age 56 following her son's diagnosis. Despite the absence of previous stroke-like episodes, she presented with an acute 2-day history of headache, vomiting and altered mental status. Brain MRI revealed a mass lesion, and subsequent gross total resection was performed. Histopathological and molecular analysis confirmed a GBM, IDH-wildtype (CNS WHO grade 4). Despite surgical resection, the patient failed to recover neurologically, remaining in a stuporous state with eye opening but inability to follow commands. She subsequently received the Stupp protocol; however, massive local recurrence with increased relative cerebral blood volume was observed within one month of treatment initiation, indicating rapid and aggressive tumor progression. This case underscores that in MELAS patients, primary brain malignancies can arise independently of typical stroke-like episodes. In addition, the unusually aggressive clinical course and rapid recurrence despite standard Stupp protocol therapy raise the possibility that altered mitochondrial metabolism may influence tumor behavior or treatment response in certain patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Size-Dependent Clinical Outcomes and Complications After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma.","authors":"Ji Woo An, So Young Ji, Kihwan Hwang, Ho Kang, Rahyeong Juh, Chae Yong Kim, Jung Ho Han","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0025","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an established treatment for vestibular schwannoma (VS), primarily for tumors smaller than 3 cm in diameter. Its role in larger tumors remains controversial and is generally limited to carefully selected patients. This study evaluated long-term outcomes of primary single-session SRS for VS, stratified by tumor size.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 160 patients with unilateral sporadic VS treated with SRS between July 2009 and September 2020. SRS was primarily indicated for tumors <3 cm in maximum diameter, while larger tumors were selectively treated in patients without significant brainstem compression or severe neurological deficits. Patients were stratified by Koos grade: Group A (I), Group B (II-III), and Group C (IV). Median follow-up was 96 months. Primary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), hearing preservation, and treatment-related complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall tumor control rate was 98.1%. The 10-year PFS rates were 100%, 97.4%, and 96.6% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no significant difference (<i>p</i>=0.739). Among patients with serviceable hearing, 5-year preservation rates were 91.7%, 36.0%, and 53.6% (<i>p</i>=0.002). New-onset trigeminal neuralgia occurred in 0%, 0.9%, and 6.1% of patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Post-SRS hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunting was observed in 0%, 5.6%, and 27.3%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within appropriately selected patients, SRS provides excellent tumor control across tumor sizes. However, the risks of trigeminal neuralgia and hydrocephalus requiring shunting increased with tumor size, underscoring the need for individualized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated Maxillary Extracranial Metastasis of a Suprasellar Germinoma.","authors":"Jun Hyun Lee, Hyeon Jin Park, Sang-Hoon Shin, Joo-Young Kim, So-Hyun Ji, Nayoung Han, Ji-Man Kang","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0017","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracranial germinomas are exquisitely radiosensitive, and a tissue diagnosis obtained by minimal biopsy followed by radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) provides excellent long-term control; aggressive resection adds morbidity without oncological benefit. We report a 20-year-old man whose sellar and suprasellar mass was preoperatively interpreted as a pituitary adenoma and was treated by aggressive endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection after an intraoperative frozen section suggested adenoma; final histology demonstrated germinoma. The postoperative course was complicated by a persistent skull-base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> meningitis/ventriculitis, and CSF dissemination documented by repeatedly positive CSF cytology and elevated CSF β-human chorionic gonadotropin. The initial skull-base reconstruction failed, and the resulting persistent CSF rhinorrhea required revision dural repair on postoperative day (POD) 29; proton craniospinal irradiation was delivered from POD 52. The patient achieved remission but, approximately 21 months after completing radiotherapy, developed a destructive germinoma lesion in the midline maxilla, with no recurrence at the primary site and no leptomeningeal disease at that time. In light of the anterior maxillary location and the relatively long interval after radiotherapy, we interpret the lesion as an isolated extracranial metastasis rather than a proven operative-tract event. The principal lesson is that accurate initial diagnosis and approach selection-measurement of tumor markers and minimal or transventricular biopsy in preference to resection-remain essential in young patients with sellar/suprasellar masses in whom germinoma is a diagnostic possibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"186-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Usual Suspects: Atypical Dural-Based Tumors With Rare Histology and Intracranial Extension.","authors":"Hafiza Hifza Bashir, Uzair Ahmed Siddiqui, Manzar Hussain","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0039","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dural-based lesions are commonly presumed to be meningiomas due to characteristic imaging features. However, rare neoplastic entities may mimic their radiologic appearance, leading to potential diagnostic pitfalls. This report highlights two unusual cases of dural-based tumors with features mimicking meningiomas: metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and Ewing sarcoma (ES). The first case involved a 52-year-old man presenting with a painless parietal scalp swelling. Imaging revealed a dural-based mass with bone erosion and extracranial extension, initially suspected to be a meningioma. Histopathological evaluation confirmed metastatic HCC. The second case described a 22-year-old man with a large frontoparietal mass exhibiting both intra- and extracranial components. Imaging suggested a meningioma; however, histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma. Both cases underscore the importance of considering differential diagnoses beyond meningioma for dural-based lesions, particularly when clinical or radiologic findings are atypical. While metastatic HCC to the dura is rare and typically managed with palliative intent, ES requires aggressive multimodal therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. These cases emphasize that dural-based lesions with meningioma-like features may harbor unexpected pathology. A high index of suspicion, coupled with thorough histopathological evaluation, is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Congenital Brain Tumors: A Single-Center Experience in a Low- and Middle-Income Country.","authors":"Abrahim Danish Durrani, Muhammad Hayyan Qadri, Mohammad Usman Khan, Ansab Jilani, Yasir Aziz Jaffer, Agha Ahmed Muhammad Hussain, Amna Zainab Khalid, Salaar Ahmed, Hafiza Fatima Aziz, Naureen Mushtaq, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0002","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital brain tumors (CBTs), defined as intracranial neoplasms initially presented within the first year of life, are rare and biologically heterogeneous, with outcomes largely derived from high-income country data. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains sparse, limiting contextual understanding of disease burden and survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of infants with surgically managed intracranial tumors presenting within the first year of life at a tertiary referral center in Pakistan between January 1, 1988, and July 31, 2025. Vascular and metastatic lesions were excluded. Demographic, clinical, radiological, histopathological, operative, and adjuvant-treatment data were extracted from medical records. Tumors were classified according to WHO 2021 nomenclature where feasible. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and factors associated with survival were explored using Firth-penalized Cox regression because of low event counts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty infants were included; median age at surgery was 420.00 days (interquartile range 198.50-566.00 days), and 26 were male. Supratentorial tumors comprised 20 (40.0%) cases, and 25 (50.0%) were high-grade (WHO grade III-IV). Gross total resection was achieved in 11 (22.0%) patients and subtotal resection in 20 (40.0%). Postoperative complications occurred in 8 (16.0%). Among 33 patients with available survival follow-up, estimated overall survival was 93.9% at 30 days, 82.5% at 6 months, 74.2% at 1 year, and 58.6% at both 5 and 10 years. No clinicopathological variable was independently associated with survival in penalized Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this single-center LMIC cohort, survival after surgical management of CBTs appeared lower than that generally reported in high-income settings. These findings highlight the need for earlier diagnosis, improved access to specialized pediatric neuro-oncology care, and multicenter collaborative studies to better define prognostic determinants and improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Evolution and Cellular Plasticity in Meningioma: Insights From Single-Cell Transcriptomics.","authors":"Ji Yoon Lee, Jason K Sa, Harim Koo","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0021","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and exhibit a broad spectrum of clinical behavior, ranging from indolent growth to repeated recurrence and aggressive progression. Over the past decade, genomic, epigenomic, bulk transcriptomic, and single-cell studies have refined meningioma classification and identified molecular features associated with recurrence risk. However, recurrence is increasingly recognized as a dynamic process shaped by tumor-intrinsic plasticity, subtype redistribution, treatment-related selection, and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Recent longitudinal single-nucleus RNA sequencing of matched primary and recurrent meningiomas has extended this framework by demonstrating enrichment of proliferative, DNA repair, and extracellular matrix programs in recurrent disease, together with multidirectional transcriptional trajectories rather than simple linear progression. These findings complement earlier methylation- and transcriptome-based risk models, as well as cross-sectional single-cell studies that have highlighted neoplastic heterogeneity, macrophage interactions, and immune-state diversity across meningioma grades. Among recurrence-associated genes, <i>COL6A3</i> has emerged as a clinically relevant extracellular matrix marker linked to aggressive tumor states and poor relapse-free survival. Nevertheless, the proposed <i>COL6A3</i>-macrophage interaction should be interpreted cautiously because current evidence remains largely correlative and may be influenced by intervening treatment between primary and recurrent sampling. This review synthesizes current evidence on longitudinal evolution, cellular plasticity, molecular subtype shifts, and microenvironmental remodeling in recurrent meningioma, while outlining key limitations and future directions for clinically actionable longitudinal profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"118-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapy for Recurrent Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Case Report With 3-Year Follow-Up.","authors":"Bomi Choi, Shin-Woong Ko, Myung-Hoon Han","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0014","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracranial epidermoid cysts have high recurrence rates after surgical resection, and alternative strategies are needed when additional surgery is not feasible. We report a 46-year-old woman with a right cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cyst that recurred three times after surgical resections in 2010, 2016, and 2019, complicated by hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. At the third recurrence in 2023, the patient refused further surgery, and radiotherapy (RT) to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions was delivered using a Novalis Tx linear accelerator. During RT, partial neurological improvement was observed. However, approximately one month after RT completion, neurological deterioration occurred, likely attributable to radiation-induced peritumoral edema and tumor swelling, which persisted for approximately two years. Beginning at 2 years post-RT, progressive neurological improvement was observed with radiographic tumor regression. At 3-year post-RT follow-up, the patient continues to improve, with no evidence of malignant transformation. This case uniquely demonstrates the therapeutic effect of standalone RT without concurrent surgical debulking, characterized by a delayed response pattern of transient post-RT worsening followed by gradual improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greetings From the New Editor-in-Chief.","authors":"Tae-Young Jung","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0033","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive Analysis of Surgically Resected Pure Radiation Necrosis After Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastasis: Clinical Features, MRI Findings, and Outcomes.","authors":"Rae Hyung Kim, Soojin Jang, Ho-Shin Gwak, Yun-Sik Dho, Sang-Hoon Shin, Heon Yoo, Kyu Chang Wang","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0029","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differentiating radiation necrosis (RN) from tumor progression is challenging despite advanced neuroimaging techniques. We collected a consecutive series of surgically resected RN with presumptive diagnosis of recurrent/refractory brain metastasis (BM) after radiation therapy (RT) and performed a descriptive analysis of characteristics and clinical courses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 107 patients who underwent surgery to remove previously irradiated BM, we retrieved 18 patients with pathologically confirmed pure RN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen patients (89%) had preoperative MRI suggesting recurrent/refractory BM in accordance with clinical suspicion, and 14 (78%) patients showed radiological response after RT before progression. The median time from RT to surgery was 28.5 months (range 6-94 months). RT doses varied from 1,800 cGy/single fraction to 8,300 cGy/21 fractions. Lobulated/irregular shape, central necrosis, and substantial increase of perilesional edema were dominant MRI features. Neurological symptoms improved or stabilized in 13 patients (72%) after surgery. Five cases of distant recurrences occurred in patients with uncontrolled systemic cancer, except for one patient with controlled small cell lung cancer who recurred as a leptomeningeal metastasis. One patient had multiple enhancing lesions along the surgical cavity, suggesting local recurrence. Median overall survival after surgical removal of RN was 34 months (range 4.3-132 months), and eight out of eleven patients with controlled systemic cancer remained alive at last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RN frequently mimics recurrent BM despite advanced imaging. Surgical resection provides both definitive diagnosis and symptomatic benefit in selected patients. However, distant recurrence of BM could happen in patients with uncontrolled systemic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Following Resection of an Insular Astrocytoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Jae Hyun Lee, Keun Soo Lee, Min Geun Gil, Juwhan Lee, Jin Lee, Won Hee Lee, Sung Hwa Paeng, Young Gyun Jeong, Moo Seong Kim","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0016","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2026.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common subtype of autoimmune encephalitis, typically associated with ovarian teratomas, but also reported in men and children. We describe an exceptionally rare case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis following glioma resection. A 34-year-old man with no prior medical history presented with severe headache and generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain MRI suggested a tumor in the right insular region, and surgical resection confirmed a diffuse astrocytoma, WHO grade II. Postoperatively, the patient developed fever, seizures, confusion, and visual symptoms. Initial cerebrospinal fluid analysis suggested viral encephalitis, but repeated testing revealed marked pleocytosis and elevated protein. Autoimmune antibody panel confirmed anti-NMDA receptor antibody, while other antibodies and viral studies were negative. High-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy resulted in clinical improvement. The patient subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy with procarbazine and lomustine for glioma, and no recurrence of encephalitis was observed during a 4-year follow-up. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing glioma-related neuropsychiatric symptoms from anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, and raises the possibility that surgical manipulation may act as a trigger. Early recognition and appropriate immunotherapy remain essential for favorable outcomes. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of chemotherapy in long-term prognosis of tumor-associated anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"14 3","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}