Brain tumor research and treatment最新文献

{"title":"Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Advanced and Recurrent Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Case Series.","authors":"Jong Seok Lee, Jung-Il Lee","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0014","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare, benign, but locally aggressive tumor that typically affects adolescent males. While surgical resection is the standard treatment, achieving total resection is often challenging in advanced-stage tumors with intracranial extension, resulting in high recurrence rates. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been suggested as a potential adjuvant or salvage therapy, but evidence remains limited. In this study, we report three pediatric cases of advanced-stage JNA treated with GKRS following incomplete surgical resection. Two patients demonstrated durable local tumor control with a significant reduction in tumor size until 2 and 12 years after GKRS. The other patient with partial coverage of tumor by prescription isodose 12 Gy showed a reduction of tumor volume at 6 months but subsequent progression at 1 year. No GKRS-related complications were observed during the follow-up period. Our findings suggest that GKRS appears to be a potentially safe and effective treatment modality for residual or recurrent JNAs. Fractionated or staged GKRS combined with surgery may be a preferable strategy for large tumors in which extensive surgery alone, conventional radiotherapy, or single-fraction radiosurgery may be associated with increased morbidity in pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 3","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA Expression and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children and Young People With Primary Brain Tumor in Karachi, Pakistan: A Pilot Exploratory Study.","authors":"Nida Zahid, Muhammad Nouman Mughal, Nick Brown, Andreas Mårtensson, Thomas Mårtensson, Muhammad Sufiyan Ibrahim, Sana Naeem, Siraj Qazi, Wajiha Amin, Iqbal Azam, Naureen Mushtaq, Mariya Moochhala, Faiza Kausar, Aneesa Hasan, Farrukh Javeed, Lal Rehman, Sadaf Altaf, Salman Kirmani, Syed Ather Enam","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0006","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>microRNAs regulate various cellular pathways and may serve as medium-term prognostic markers in neurocognitive function, as suggested by adult studies. However, no comparable data exist for children with central nervous system tumors. This pilot study explored miRNA expression and its correlation with 12-month posttreatment neurocognitive function in children and young adults (5-21 years) with primary brain tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (November 2020 to July 2023). This study analyzed serum levels of miR-21, miR-146a, miR-296-5p, miR-210, and miR-10b using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. Neurocognitive assessments using Slosson Intelligence Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale were performed at pretreatment and 12 months posttreatment. The paired t-test was used to assess miRNA expressions, and correlation analysis assessed relationships between pretreatment miRNA expression and neurocognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 48 patients, serum samples were available for analysis from 34 (71%) patients each at pretreatment and 48 hours post-surgery, and 13 (27%) patients at 12 months posttreatment. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between pretreatment miR-210 levels and perceptual reasoning scores at 12 months posttreatment (ρ=-0.59), and a positive correlation between pretreatment miR-10b levels and processing speed scores (ρ=0.49). However, there were no differences in microRNA expressions between pretreatment and 48 hours post-surgery (n=34), pretreatment and 12 months posttreatment (n=13), or 48 hours post-surgery and 12 months posttreatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot exploratory study found two statistically significant correlations: a negative correlation between pretreatment miR-210 levels and 12 months posttreatment perceptual reasoning scores and a positive correlation between miR-10b expression and 12 months posttreatment speed scores. Further studies are needed to understand the protective or restorative function of miR-10b in cognitive processes and the detrimental role of miR-210 in cognitive processes to evaluate their potential future use as prognostic biomarkers for neurocognitive outcomes in children and young people with primary brain tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 3","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors\".","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0019","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 3","pages":"116-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Damage Response Pathways in <i>TP53</i>- and <i>ATM</i>-Mutated Tumors.","authors":"Ye Jee Shim","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0017","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutations in tumor protein p53 (<i>TP53</i>) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (<i>ATM</i>) genes are frequently observed across various solid and hematologic malignancies and are associated with genomic instability, treatment resistance, and poor clinical outcomes. These alterations compromise the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and increase cellular dependence on compensatory DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, including the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinase (ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1) axis. This has led to the development of DDR-targeted therapies that exploit synthetic lethality in tumors with TP53 or ATM dysfunction. Inhibitors targeting ATM, ATR, CHK1, and WEE1 have all shown encouraging activity in early-phase clinical trials, particularly in biomarker-enriched subgroups. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors-originally approved for <i>BRCA1/2</i>-mutated breast cancers-are now being evaluated in <i>TP53</i>- or <i>ATM</i>-deficient tumors, often in combination with other DDR-targeting agents to enhance efficacy. Clinical trials increasingly support the efficacy of DDR inhibitors in biomarker-defined DDR-deficient tumors, specifically beyond <i>BRCA</i> mutations. This review summarizes current understanding of DDR-targeted strategies in <i>TP53</i>- and <i>ATM</i>-mutant cancers, with an emphasis on relevant clinical data and ongoing trials. Expanding the clinical use of DDR inhibitors based on molecular profiles may provide new therapeutic options for genomically unstable tumors across adult and pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 3","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Resolution of Pulsatile Tinnitus After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Tentorial Meningioma Involving the Transverse Sinus.","authors":"Seong-Hyun Park, Min-Seok Woo, Chaejin Lee, Myungsoo Kim, Ki-Su Park, Jeong-Hyun Hwang","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0021","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tentorial meningiomas are rare skull base tumors that may cause pulsatile tinnitus when they compress adjacent dural venous sinuses, particularly the transverse sinus. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is an established modality for tumor control, but its role in relieving tinnitus has been infrequently reported. We report a 61-year-old woman with right-sided pulsatile tinnitus caused by a 2-cm tentorial meningioma compressing the right transverse sinus. She underwent GKRS with 13 Gy prescribed to the 50% isodose line, concentrating the 80% isodose volume along the sinus-abutting tumor margin. Her tinnitus resolved completely within one week and remained absent during follow-up. At seven months post-treatment, MRI showed a slight volume decrease (2.81 cm³ to 2.66 cm³), most notable along the sinus interface. The rapid symptom relief despite minimal volumetric change suggests that focused irradiation of sinus-adjacent tumor may alleviate tinnitus by modulating local venous hemodynamics. This case underscores the potential of GKRS to offer early symptomatic improvement in select patients with sinus-involving tentorial meningiomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 3","pages":"112-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteogenomic Insights Into Glioblastoma Evolution: Neuronal Reprogramming and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities.","authors":"Harim Koo, Jason K Sa","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0018","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal and treatment-resistant malignancies, characterized by high recurrence rates following standard-of-care therapy. While previous longitudinal studies employing whole-exome and RNA sequencing have revealed patient-specific clonal evolution, they have not identified conserved biological programs that drive recurrence or therapeutic resistance. A recent study published in <i>Cancer Cell</i> presents the first integrated proteogenomic analysis of matched primary and recurrent GBMs. This integrative approach reveals a striking phenotypic transition in recurrent tumors, characterized by neuronal reprogramming supported by coordinated transcriptional, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic evidence. In this review, we contextualize these findings within the broader landscape of GBM evolution, emphasizing the mechanistic contributions of WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling and BRAF kinase activation in facilitating a neuronal-like state that enhances tumor plasticity, invasion, and treatment resistance. We further discuss how these profound insights align with preclinical models of tumor-neuron synaptic crosstalk, and propose that proteogenomics offers a powerful lens through which to uncover clinically actionable vulnerabilities. By redefining the functional landscape of recurrent GBM, the current study establishes a new framework for biomarker discovery and the rational design of targeted therapies informed by tumor evolution and neuronal niche adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 3","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Comment on \"Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors\"-The Author Responds.","authors":"Chae-Yong Kim","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0019re","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0019re","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 3","pages":"118-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes From a Contemporary Mono-Institutional Cohort of Histone-Mutant Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma: A Rare and Aggressive Pediatric-Type High-Grade Primary Brain Tumor.","authors":"Meenakshi Jeeva, Mamta Gurav, Abhishek Chatterjee, Omshree Shetty, Prachi Bapat, Archya Dasgupta, Girish Chinnaswamy, Maya Prasad, Aliasgar Moiyadi, Prakash Shetty, Ayushi Sahay, Aekta Shah, Arpita Sahu, Amit Choudhari, Kajari Bhattacharya, Sridhar Epari, Tejpal Gupta","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0013","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The discovery of histone alterations has changed fundamental understanding of pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas (HGG). The glycine-to-arginine (or valine) substitution at position 34 of histone H3.3 (H3 G34) is found exclusively in diffuse hemispheric glioma (DHG). This report summarizes clinical outcomes of a contemporary mono-institutional cohort of H3 G34-mutant DHG treated in low- and middle-income country setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with biopsy-proven, molecularly-confirmed H3 G34-mutant DHG registered at a tertiary-care comprehensive cancer center between 2015 and 2023 were identified from a neuro-oncology database. Clinico-demographic characteristics, histo-molecular features, treatment details, and outcomes were retrospectively extracted from electronic medical records. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and expressed as point estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five patients with H3 G34-mutant DHG, with a median age of 19 years (interquartile range [IQR] of 14-24 years), constituted the study cohort. Sixteen patients received postoperative radiotherapy (RT) while 13 patients also received temozolomide chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 14 months, the 1-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of PFS and OS were 47% (95% CI: 30%-75%) and 63% (95% CI: 45%-87%) yielding median PFS and OS of 12 months (IQR: 6-22 months) and 15 months (IQR: 9-31 months), respectively. Older age at diagnosis (≥18 years) and administration of RT emerged as significant prognostic factors for survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>H3 G34-mutant DHG is a rare, aggressive pediatric-type HGG with notable differences from adult counterparts. Recent biological insights implicating key signaling pathways provide unique opportunities to target therapeutic vulnerabilities in this enigmatic disease with universally poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 3","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Remission of Recurrent Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma With WT-1-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Ho-Shin Gwak, Beom Kyu Choi, Young Joo Lee, Na Young Han, Kook Hee Yang","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0010","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2025.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of complete remission in anaplastic oligodendroglioma following adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with autologous Wilms tumor 1 (WT-1)-specific CD8+ T cells. A 40-year-old woman referred to our hospital for adjuvant chemotherapy after recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioma initially presented with a left frontal tumor, diagnosed through seizure onset, and subtotal resection confirmed oligodendroglioma (WHO grade 2). Radiation therapy treated the residual tumor, achieving partial remission until recurrence 2.5 years later when malignant transformation to anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade 3) occurred following a second craniotomy. After three cycles of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy, the residual tumor stabilized for 3 years. However, follow-up MRI identified a new enhancing lesion, prompting a third craniotomy. Recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioma was confirmed, and adjuvant proton beam therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy were initiated. Two years later, another enhancing lesion appeared on the adjacent medial frontal lobe. Following multidisciplinary review, we introduced WT-1-specific ACT. Although transient swelling was observed 1 month post-therapy, the tumor demonstrated a response within 3-9 months. Continued regression led to complete remission-confirmed via MRI at the 15-month follow-up and sustained for 4.7 years. The patient's peripheral blood monocyte profiles and immune-associated cytokine analysis indicated T-cell activation following WT-1 sensitization.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 2","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors: A Single Institution Retrospective Study.","authors":"Eunjong Lee, Kihwan Hwang, Kyeong-O Go, Jung Ho Han, Hyoung Soo Choi, Yu Jung Kim, Byung Se Choi, In Ah Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Chae-Yong Kim","doi":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0045","DOIUrl":"10.14791/btrt.2024.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study analyzed the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of germ cell tumor patients at a single institution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on intracranial germ cell tumor (iGCT) patients treated at a single tertiary hospital from 2004 to 2019. Patients were categorized based on treatment modality: Korean Society for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (KSPNO) protocol or bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin with radiation therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine iGCT patients treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy were analyzed. The median age was 19 years (range: 6-40), with a median follow-up duration of 148.0 months (range: 10.5-265.5). Tumors were most common in the pineal gland (51.0%). Although no significant differences in outcomes were observed between treatment modalities, outcomes varied significantly by pathological type. The 10-year progression-free survival rates for germinoma and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) were 88.1% and 32.7%, respectively (<i>p</i>=0.003), while the 10-year overall survival rates were 92.9% and 67.5%, respectively (<i>p</i><0.001). Fourteen patients experienced CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) grade ≥3 adverse events, with one event-related death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pure germinoma demonstrated higher survival and lower recurrence rates compared to NGGCT. The KSPNO protocol appears to be an acceptable and safe treatment option for iGCT patients. Further multi-institutional studies with larger cohorts are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":72453,"journal":{"name":"Brain tumor research and treatment","volume":"13 2","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}